Spurious correlation #2,830 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Associates degrees awarded in Business and management and the second variable is Hydopower energy generated in Algeria. The chart goes from 2011 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Associates degrees awarded in Business and management and the second variable is Hydopower energy generated in Algeria. The chart goes from 2011 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As fewer people became qualified for office jobs, there was a dramatic dip in the demand for water cooler conversations, leading to a cascade of reduced hydropower productivity in Algerian workplaces. This left the country high and dry in the energy department, creating a stream of problems for their power supply.

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate a photorealistic image of a classroom filled with a group of students clad in graduation gowns and caps, proudly holding their Associate's degrees in Business and Management. The focus should be on the graduates, capturing their expressions of accomplishment and pride in their achievement. The classroom should exude a sense of warmth and accomplishment, with subtle elements suggesting the academic environment. Outside the classroom's window, depict a picturesque landscape featuring a powerful and mighty river. Show the hydroelectric plant situated upon the flowing waters, its turbines spinning energetically, symbolizing the reliable source of power for the city. As the students exit the classroom, illustrate the transition outside the window, where the once dynamic hydroelectric plant begins to slow down. The turbines should gradually come to a halt, subtly portraying a decrease in energy production for Algeria. The scene should seamlessly blend the joy of academic achievement with the sobering reality of diminishing energy resources, using photorealistic details to convey both the celebration within and the changing landscape outside. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Associates degrees awarded in Business and management and Hydopower energy generated in Algeria. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Cybernetic art Surrealism a funny image macro a meme Photorealism
ChatGPT: Photorealism

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Associates degrees awarded in Business and management and Hydopower energy generated in Algeria, in the following situation: Because as fewer people earn business degrees, there are less qualified candidates to manage hydroelectric plants. Without efficient management, energy production decreases, impacting hydroelectric power generation in Algeria.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a classroom, a group of students in graduation gowns and caps are receiving their Associate's degrees in Business and Management. Outside the window, a hydroelectric plant sits upon the flowing water of a river, generating energy for the city. However, as the newly graduated students leave with their degrees, the image outside shifts, and the once efficient hydroelectric plant begins to slow down, its turbines gradually coming to a stop, indicating a decrease in energy production for Algeria.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Photorealism ] and depicting this scene: In a classroom, a group of students in graduation gowns and caps are receiving their Associate's degrees in Business and Management. Outside the window, a hydroelectric plant sits upon the flowing water of a river, generating energy for the city. However, as the newly graduated students leave with their degrees, the image outside shifts, and the once efficient hydroelectric plant begins to slow down, its turbines gradually coming to a stop, indicating a decrease in energy production for Algeria. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate a photorealistic image of a classroom filled with a group of students clad in graduation gowns and caps, proudly holding their Associate's degrees in Business and Management. The focus should be on the graduates, capturing their expressions of accomplishment and pride in their achievement. The classroom should exude a sense of warmth and accomplishment, with subtle elements suggesting the academic environment. Outside the classroom's window, depict a picturesque landscape featuring a powerful and mighty river. Show the hydroelectric plant situated upon the flowing waters, its turbines spinning energetically, symbolizing the reliable source of power for the city. As the students exit the classroom, illustrate the transition outside the window, where the once dynamic hydroelectric plant begins to slow down. The turbines should gradually come to a halt, subtly portraying a decrease in energy production for Algeria. The scene should seamlessly blend the joy of academic achievement with the sobering reality of diminishing energy resources, using photorealistic details to convey both the celebration within and the changing landscape outside.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how a decrease in Associates degrees awarded in Business and management caused Hydopower energy generated in Algeria to decrease.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

The Business of Business Degrees: A Booming or Bunk Connection to Hydropower in Algeria?

The Journal of International Business and Renewable Energy Studies

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Business and management and Hydopower energy generated in Algeria. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then devolve ever further, and mention something completely ridiculous, like you conducted literature review by reading CVS receipts.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Business of Business Degrees: A Booming or Bunk Connection to Hydropower in Algeria?

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research investigates the relationship between the number of Associate's degrees awarded in Business and management and the hydroelectric power generation in Algeria. The abundance of Associates degrees in Business, it seems, may be flowing like water, but is this just a passing current or a sustained powerhouse? Our study scrutinizes this surprising link to shed some light on its potential significance in the Algerian energy landscape.

Our investigation harnesses data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Energy Information Administration to delve into this hitherto unexplored realm. The correlation coefficient of 0.9458340 and p < 0.01 between the two variables from 2011 to 2021 present a compelling case for further inquiry. It appears that the surge in Business and management degrees may be positively associated with the surge in hydropower energy generation in Algeria. This correlation, like a hydroelectric dam, certainly holds water.

Additionally, our findings unveil an unexpected relationship between educational trends and energy production. It seems that as the interest in business education flows, so does the generation of hydroelectric power in Algeria. The implications of this unexpected association, much like a river bursting its banks, are both far-reaching and potentially electrifying. This paper, much like the Algerian hydropower sector, aims to make a splash in the scholarly community.

Furthermore, our study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the interdisciplinary interplay between education and energy. This unlikely pairing, reminiscent of mixing business with pleasure, invites further exploration into the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate fields. As the saying goes, "When it rains, it pours" and in this case, it appears that when Business and management degrees rain down, hydropower energy surges.

In conclusion, our research sheds light on the unexpected connection between the educational domain of Business and management and the dynamo of hydropower energy in Algeria. While this correlation warrants further analysis, it's clear that there's more to this synergy than meets the eye. As we navigate these uncharted waters of interdisciplinary research, we can't help but marvel at the currents of curiosity and the power of academic inquiry.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
In the ever-evolving landscape of academia, one is often confronted with unexpected relationships that challenge conventional wisdom and invite further investigation. As researchers, it is our duty to delve into the depths of these uncharted waters and navigate the currents of curiosity with scholarly rigor and, dare I say, a dash of humor. Speaking of which, did you hear about the power plant that added a degree in business administration to its board? It was hoping to generate a little extra "current"-cy!
Our study sets out to probe the connection between the issuance of Associate's degrees in Business and management and the generation of hydropower energy in Algeria. This unlikely pairing, much like an academic matchmaker, promises to unravel a tale of two seemingly unrelated domains intersecting in a riveting fashion. It seems that the world of business education and the hydroelectric power sector have more in common than meets the eye. It's as if they were destined to meet and create a "current" of change in the Algerian energy landscape.
The premise of our investigation hinges on the notion that educational trends and energy production may not be as distinct as they appear. One might even say they are "watt" closely interconnected than previously assumed. This unconventional correlation demands our attention, much like a captivating mystery novel with a shocking twist at the end. It beckons us to peel back the layers of statistical data and uncover the underlying story that ties these seemingly disparate variables together.
The relationship between the number of Associate's degrees in Business and management and the hydroelectric power generation in Algeria may appear as unexpected as finding a treasure chest in the depths of the ocean. Yet, as any seasoned researcher will confirm, it is precisely these unexpected discoveries that propel our understanding forward and ignite the flames of intellectual curiosity. One might even say that this correlation, much like a well-crafted pun, has the power to spark a "jolting" realization.
As we embark on this empirical journey, it is crucial to highlight the theoretical and practical implications of this association. This unexpected "meeting of the minds" between education and energy production, not unlike a serendipitous encounter at a bustling marketplace, has the potential to reshape our understanding of interdisciplinary dynamics. It is a reminder that in the world of research, as in life, the most intriguing connections often emerge where we least expect them.
Our investigation aims to add a drop of clarity to the vast ocean of academic inquiry, paving the way for further exploration into the intricate web of relationships that underpin our societal systems. Much like an intrepid explorer charting new territories, we are driven by a thirst for knowledge and a determination to unravel the mysteries that lie beneath the surface. And who knows, we might just stumble upon a "current" of insight that leaves us positively "electrified"!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The association between the issuance of Associate's degrees in Business and management and the generation of hydropower energy in Algeria has piqued the interest of researchers in recent years. The surge in business education and its potential correlation with the hydropower sector, like a well-crafted joke, has garnered attention for its unexpected twist.

In "Smith et al.'s Analysis of Educational Trends in Algeria," the authors find a surprising positive correlation between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Business and management and the hydroelectric power generation in Algeria. This unexpected relationship, much like a pun at an academic conference, has sparked lively debate and prompted further inquiry into its potential implications.

Doe and Jones, in their seminal work "Examining the Interdisciplinary Dynamics of Energy Production," similarly uncover an unanticipated association between educational trends and energy production. The authors highlight the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate fields, suggesting a relationship that is as unexpected as stumbling upon a well-timed dad joke.

In their work "Business Administration and Energy: Uncovering Unlikely Connections," Anderson and Patel delve into the unexpected convergence of business education and energy production. The authors present compelling evidence of a correlation that seems to flow as seamlessly as a well-constructed pun.

As the academic landscape expands, it is crucial to consider non-fiction works that may shed light on this intriguing association. "Energy Economics: Theory and Applications" by Barnard and "Business Management: Principles and Applications" by Reynolds provide valuable insights into the economic and managerial aspects of energy production and business education. These foundational texts, much like a well-timed punchline, contribute to our understanding of the intricate interplay between education and energy.

Turning to fiction works that offer a fresh perspective, "The Energized Executive" by Sparks and "Business and the Flow of Fortune" by Rivers present imaginative narratives that, although fictional, capture the essence of the unexpected connection between business education and energy production. These literary departures, while not grounded in reality, serve as a lighthearted reminder that unexpected correlations, much like an unexpected punchline, can add an element of surprise to scholarly discourse.

In an unconventional approach to literature review, the researcher, in a lighthearted attempt to uncover diverse perspectives, perused an eclectic range of sources, including grocery store receipts, fortune cookies, and even a particularly enlightening conversation with a pet goldfish named Bob. While these sources may not meet traditional scholarly standards, they serve as a playful reminder that unexpected inspiration, much like an unexpected joke, can emerge from the unlikeliest of sources.

In summary, the literature review of the unexpected relationship between Associates degrees in Business and management and hydropower energy generation in Algeria weaves together a tapestry of serious inquiry, literary whimsy, and a sprinkling of humor. The research community, much like an audience waiting for the punchline of a well-crafted joke, eagerly awaits the next chapter in unraveling this intriguing correlation.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Business and management and Hydopower energy generated in Algeria. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National Center for Education Statistics and Energy Information Administration . You used data from 2011 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Business of Business Degrees: A Booming or Bunk Connection to Hydropower in Algeria?

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research investigates the relationship between the number of Associate's degrees awarded in Business and management and the hydroelectric power generation in Algeria. The abundance of Associates degrees in Business, it seems, may be flowing like water, but is this just a passing current or a sustained powerhouse? Our study scrutinizes this surprising link to shed some light on its potential significance in the Algerian energy landscape.

Our investigation harnesses data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Energy Information Administration to delve into this hitherto unexplored realm. The correlation coefficient of 0.9458340 and p < 0.01 between the two variables from 2011 to 2021 present a compelling case for further inquiry. It appears that the surge in Business and management degrees may be positively associated with the surge in hydropower energy generation in Algeria. This correlation, like a hydroelectric dam, certainly holds water.

Additionally, our findings unveil an unexpected relationship between educational trends and energy production. It seems that as the interest in business education flows, so does the generation of hydroelectric power in Algeria. The implications of this unexpected association, much like a river bursting its banks, are both far-reaching and potentially electrifying. This paper, much like the Algerian hydropower sector, aims to make a splash in the scholarly community.

Furthermore, our study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the interdisciplinary interplay between education and energy. This unlikely pairing, reminiscent of mixing business with pleasure, invites further exploration into the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate fields. As the saying goes, "When it rains, it pours" and in this case, it appears that when Business and management degrees rain down, hydropower energy surges.

In conclusion, our research sheds light on the unexpected connection between the educational domain of Business and management and the dynamo of hydropower energy in Algeria. While this correlation warrants further analysis, it's clear that there's more to this synergy than meets the eye. As we navigate these uncharted waters of interdisciplinary research, we can't help but marvel at the currents of curiosity and the power of academic inquiry.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
In the ever-evolving landscape of academia, one is often confronted with unexpected relationships that challenge conventional wisdom and invite further investigation. As researchers, it is our duty to delve into the depths of these uncharted waters and navigate the currents of curiosity with scholarly rigor and, dare I say, a dash of humor. Speaking of which, did you hear about the power plant that added a degree in business administration to its board? It was hoping to generate a little extra "current"-cy!
Our study sets out to probe the connection between the issuance of Associate's degrees in Business and management and the generation of hydropower energy in Algeria. This unlikely pairing, much like an academic matchmaker, promises to unravel a tale of two seemingly unrelated domains intersecting in a riveting fashion. It seems that the world of business education and the hydroelectric power sector have more in common than meets the eye. It's as if they were destined to meet and create a "current" of change in the Algerian energy landscape.
The premise of our investigation hinges on the notion that educational trends and energy production may not be as distinct as they appear. One might even say they are "watt" closely interconnected than previously assumed. This unconventional correlation demands our attention, much like a captivating mystery novel with a shocking twist at the end. It beckons us to peel back the layers of statistical data and uncover the underlying story that ties these seemingly disparate variables together.
The relationship between the number of Associate's degrees in Business and management and the hydroelectric power generation in Algeria may appear as unexpected as finding a treasure chest in the depths of the ocean. Yet, as any seasoned researcher will confirm, it is precisely these unexpected discoveries that propel our understanding forward and ignite the flames of intellectual curiosity. One might even say that this correlation, much like a well-crafted pun, has the power to spark a "jolting" realization.
As we embark on this empirical journey, it is crucial to highlight the theoretical and practical implications of this association. This unexpected "meeting of the minds" between education and energy production, not unlike a serendipitous encounter at a bustling marketplace, has the potential to reshape our understanding of interdisciplinary dynamics. It is a reminder that in the world of research, as in life, the most intriguing connections often emerge where we least expect them.
Our investigation aims to add a drop of clarity to the vast ocean of academic inquiry, paving the way for further exploration into the intricate web of relationships that underpin our societal systems. Much like an intrepid explorer charting new territories, we are driven by a thirst for knowledge and a determination to unravel the mysteries that lie beneath the surface. And who knows, we might just stumble upon a "current" of insight that leaves us positively "electrified"!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

The data for this study were obtained from the National Center for Education Statistics' Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) and the Energy Information Administration's (EIA) Electricity Data Browser. The period of analysis covers the years 2011 to 2021, allowing for a comprehensive examination of trends in Associate's degrees awarded in Business and management and hydropower energy generation in Algeria.

To begin, the number of Associate's degrees awarded in Business and management was collected from the IPEDS database, which houses extensive information on postsecondary institutions in the United States and selected non-U.S. locations. While Algeria is not directly under the jurisdiction of the United States, the global landscape of higher education and its impact on energy dynamics necessitated a broad scope of data collection. After all, the world of statistics knows no borders - it's the ultimate globe-trotter, so to speak!

Similarly, data on hydropower energy generation in Algeria were extracted from the EIA's Electricity Data Browser, which offers a wealth of information on energy production, consumption, and related variables across different regions and time periods. The EIA's database proved to be an invaluable resource for capturing the ebbs and flows of hydropower generation in the Algerian context. One might even say that it provided the power source for our data analysis, much like a hydroelectric dam feeds electricity to the grid!

With the dataset in hand, we employed rigorous statistical techniques to assess the relationship between the number of Associate's degrees awarded in Business and management and hydropower energy generation in Algeria. To quantify this relationship, we computed the Pearson correlation coefficient, a measure of the linear association between two variables. The coefficient, often denoted by the symbol "r," ranges from -1 to 1, with 1 indicating a perfect positive relationship, -1 indicating a perfect negative relationship, and 0 indicating no linear relationship. It's like a numerical interpreter that deciphers the language of association between variables, one correlation at a time!

Furthermore, we conducted a significance test for the correlation coefficient to ascertain the probability of observing such a strong relationship between the variables by random chance. This involved calculating the p-value, which represents the likelihood of obtaining the observed correlation coefficient if the actual correlation in the population is zero. A p-value less than the conventional threshold of 0.05 (or 5%) suggests that the observed correlation is statistically significant. In other words, it's like waving a statistical magic wand to determine whether our findings are more than just a statistical "abracadabra."

In addition to these analytical procedures, we performed a time series analysis to examine how the relationship between Associate's degrees in Business and management and hydropower energy generation may have evolved over the years. By scrutinizing the temporal patterns of both variables, we sought to uncover any potential shifts, surges, or lulls in their interplay. After all, when it comes to uncovering hidden connections, timing is everything - just like the perfect punchline in a scientific anecdote.

Overall, the methodology employed in this study aimed to rigorously explore and substantiate the connection between Associate's degrees awarded in Business and management and hydropower energy generation in Algeria. With a combination of data extraction, statistical analysis, and temporal assessments, we delved into the depths of these seemingly divergent domains, all the while keeping a keen eye out for any unexpected twists and turns. After all, in the world of research, as in life, there's always room for a statistical surprise!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Business and management and Hydopower energy generated in Algeria. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National Center for Education Statistics and Energy Information Administration .

For the time period 2011 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.9458340, r-squared of 0.8946019, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Business of Business Degrees: A Booming or Bunk Connection to Hydropower in Algeria?

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research investigates the relationship between the number of Associate's degrees awarded in Business and management and the hydroelectric power generation in Algeria. The abundance of Associates degrees in Business, it seems, may be flowing like water, but is this just a passing current or a sustained powerhouse? Our study scrutinizes this surprising link to shed some light on its potential significance in the Algerian energy landscape.

Our investigation harnesses data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Energy Information Administration to delve into this hitherto unexplored realm. The correlation coefficient of 0.9458340 and p < 0.01 between the two variables from 2011 to 2021 present a compelling case for further inquiry. It appears that the surge in Business and management degrees may be positively associated with the surge in hydropower energy generation in Algeria. This correlation, like a hydroelectric dam, certainly holds water.

Additionally, our findings unveil an unexpected relationship between educational trends and energy production. It seems that as the interest in business education flows, so does the generation of hydroelectric power in Algeria. The implications of this unexpected association, much like a river bursting its banks, are both far-reaching and potentially electrifying. This paper, much like the Algerian hydropower sector, aims to make a splash in the scholarly community.

Furthermore, our study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the interdisciplinary interplay between education and energy. This unlikely pairing, reminiscent of mixing business with pleasure, invites further exploration into the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate fields. As the saying goes, "When it rains, it pours" and in this case, it appears that when Business and management degrees rain down, hydropower energy surges.

In conclusion, our research sheds light on the unexpected connection between the educational domain of Business and management and the dynamo of hydropower energy in Algeria. While this correlation warrants further analysis, it's clear that there's more to this synergy than meets the eye. As we navigate these uncharted waters of interdisciplinary research, we can't help but marvel at the currents of curiosity and the power of academic inquiry.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
In the ever-evolving landscape of academia, one is often confronted with unexpected relationships that challenge conventional wisdom and invite further investigation. As researchers, it is our duty to delve into the depths of these uncharted waters and navigate the currents of curiosity with scholarly rigor and, dare I say, a dash of humor. Speaking of which, did you hear about the power plant that added a degree in business administration to its board? It was hoping to generate a little extra "current"-cy!
Our study sets out to probe the connection between the issuance of Associate's degrees in Business and management and the generation of hydropower energy in Algeria. This unlikely pairing, much like an academic matchmaker, promises to unravel a tale of two seemingly unrelated domains intersecting in a riveting fashion. It seems that the world of business education and the hydroelectric power sector have more in common than meets the eye. It's as if they were destined to meet and create a "current" of change in the Algerian energy landscape.
The premise of our investigation hinges on the notion that educational trends and energy production may not be as distinct as they appear. One might even say they are "watt" closely interconnected than previously assumed. This unconventional correlation demands our attention, much like a captivating mystery novel with a shocking twist at the end. It beckons us to peel back the layers of statistical data and uncover the underlying story that ties these seemingly disparate variables together.
The relationship between the number of Associate's degrees in Business and management and the hydroelectric power generation in Algeria may appear as unexpected as finding a treasure chest in the depths of the ocean. Yet, as any seasoned researcher will confirm, it is precisely these unexpected discoveries that propel our understanding forward and ignite the flames of intellectual curiosity. One might even say that this correlation, much like a well-crafted pun, has the power to spark a "jolting" realization.
As we embark on this empirical journey, it is crucial to highlight the theoretical and practical implications of this association. This unexpected "meeting of the minds" between education and energy production, not unlike a serendipitous encounter at a bustling marketplace, has the potential to reshape our understanding of interdisciplinary dynamics. It is a reminder that in the world of research, as in life, the most intriguing connections often emerge where we least expect them.
Our investigation aims to add a drop of clarity to the vast ocean of academic inquiry, paving the way for further exploration into the intricate web of relationships that underpin our societal systems. Much like an intrepid explorer charting new territories, we are driven by a thirst for knowledge and a determination to unravel the mysteries that lie beneath the surface. And who knows, we might just stumble upon a "current" of insight that leaves us positively "electrified"!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The analysis of the data gathered from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Energy Information Administration revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9458340 between the number of Associate's degrees awarded in Business and management and the hydroelectric power generation in Algeria from 2011 to 2021. This finding suggests a striking relationship between the two variables, reminiscent of an unexpected meeting of kindred spirits.

The r-squared value of 0.8946019 indicates that approximately 89.46% of the variation in hydropower energy generation in Algeria can be explained by the number of Business and management degrees awarded. It's like finding the missing puzzle piece in an intricate jigsaw, completing the picture with an unforeseen connection between educational pursuits and energy outcomes.

The statistical significance further underscores the robustness of this relationship, with a p-value of less than 0.01. This indicates that the observed correlation is highly unlikely to have occurred by chance, providing compelling evidence for the association between Business and management degrees and hydropower energy generation in Algeria. It's as if these variables are performing a coordinated dance, choreographed by forces unseen but undeniably influential.

Figure 1 illustrates a scatterplot depicting the strong positive correlation between the number of Associate's degrees awarded in Business and management and the amount of hydropower energy generated in Algeria. The data points hug the regression line like old friends, painting a picture of harmony between the academic landscape and the energy sector. One might say they're "watt" in sync, much like a well-tuned symphony orchestra.

In summary, the results of our analysis reveal a substantial and significant correlation between the issuance of Business and management degrees and the generation of hydropower energy in Algeria from 2011 to 2021. This unexpected connection, akin to a surprising plot twist in a scientific thriller, invites further exploration into the intricate interplay between educational trends and energy dynamics. Despite the initial incredulity at this unlikely pairing, the evidence, much like a well-crafted pun, leaves little room for doubt regarding its existence.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Business and management and Hydopower energy generated in Algeria. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
The Business of Business Degrees: A Booming or Bunk Connection to Hydropower in Algeria?

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research investigates the relationship between the number of Associate's degrees awarded in Business and management and the hydroelectric power generation in Algeria. The abundance of Associates degrees in Business, it seems, may be flowing like water, but is this just a passing current or a sustained powerhouse? Our study scrutinizes this surprising link to shed some light on its potential significance in the Algerian energy landscape.

Our investigation harnesses data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Energy Information Administration to delve into this hitherto unexplored realm. The correlation coefficient of 0.9458340 and p < 0.01 between the two variables from 2011 to 2021 present a compelling case for further inquiry. It appears that the surge in Business and management degrees may be positively associated with the surge in hydropower energy generation in Algeria. This correlation, like a hydroelectric dam, certainly holds water.

Additionally, our findings unveil an unexpected relationship between educational trends and energy production. It seems that as the interest in business education flows, so does the generation of hydroelectric power in Algeria. The implications of this unexpected association, much like a river bursting its banks, are both far-reaching and potentially electrifying. This paper, much like the Algerian hydropower sector, aims to make a splash in the scholarly community.

Furthermore, our study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the interdisciplinary interplay between education and energy. This unlikely pairing, reminiscent of mixing business with pleasure, invites further exploration into the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate fields. As the saying goes, "When it rains, it pours" and in this case, it appears that when Business and management degrees rain down, hydropower energy surges.

In conclusion, our research sheds light on the unexpected connection between the educational domain of Business and management and the dynamo of hydropower energy in Algeria. While this correlation warrants further analysis, it's clear that there's more to this synergy than meets the eye. As we navigate these uncharted waters of interdisciplinary research, we can't help but marvel at the currents of curiosity and the power of academic inquiry.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The association between the issuance of Associate's degrees in Business and management and the generation of hydropower energy in Algeria has piqued the interest of researchers in recent years. The surge in business education and its potential correlation with the hydropower sector, like a well-crafted joke, has garnered attention for its unexpected twist.
In "Smith et al.'s Analysis of Educational Trends in Algeria," the authors find a surprising positive correlation between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Business and management and the hydroelectric power generation in Algeria. This unexpected relationship, much like a pun at an academic conference, has sparked lively debate and prompted further inquiry into its potential implications.
Doe and Jones, in their seminal work "Examining the Interdisciplinary Dynamics of Energy Production," similarly uncover an unanticipated association between educational trends and energy production. The authors highlight the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate fields, suggesting a relationship that is as unexpected as stumbling upon a well-timed dad joke.
In their work "Business Administration and Energy: Uncovering Unlikely Connections," Anderson and Patel delve into the unexpected convergence of business education and energy production. The authors present compelling evidence of a correlation that seems to flow as seamlessly as a well-constructed pun.
As the academic landscape expands, it is crucial to consider non-fiction works that may shed light on this intriguing association. "Energy Economics: Theory and Applications" by Barnard and "Business Management: Principles and Applications" by Reynolds provide valuable insights into the economic and managerial aspects of energy production and business education. These foundational texts, much like a well-timed punchline, contribute to our understanding of the intricate interplay between education and energy.
Turning to fiction works that offer a fresh perspective, "The Energized Executive" by Sparks and "Business and the Flow of Fortune" by Rivers present imaginative narratives that, although fictional, capture the essence of the unexpected connection between business education and energy production. These literary departures, while not grounded in reality, serve as a lighthearted reminder that unexpected correlations, much like an unexpected punchline, can add an element of surprise to scholarly discourse.
In an unconventional approach to literature review, the researcher, in a lighthearted attempt to uncover diverse perspectives, perused an eclectic range of sources, including grocery store receipts, fortune cookies, and even a particularly enlightening conversation with a pet goldfish named Bob. While these sources may not meet traditional scholarly standards, they serve as a playful reminder that unexpected inspiration, much like an unexpected joke, can emerge from the unlikeliest of sources.
In summary, the literature review of the unexpected relationship between Associates degrees in Business and management and hydropower energy generation in Algeria weaves together a tapestry of serious inquiry, literary whimsy, and a sprinkling of humor. The research community, much like an audience waiting for the punchline of a well-crafted joke, eagerly awaits the next chapter in unraveling this intriguing correlation.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data gathered from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Energy Information Administration revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9458340 between the number of Associate's degrees awarded in Business and management and the hydroelectric power generation in Algeria from 2011 to 2021. This finding suggests a striking relationship between the two variables, reminiscent of an unexpected meeting of kindred spirits.
The r-squared value of 0.8946019 indicates that approximately 89.46% of the variation in hydropower energy generation in Algeria can be explained by the number of Business and management degrees awarded. It's like finding the missing puzzle piece in an intricate jigsaw, completing the picture with an unforeseen connection between educational pursuits and energy outcomes.
The statistical significance further underscores the robustness of this relationship, with a p-value of less than 0.01. This indicates that the observed correlation is highly unlikely to have occurred by chance, providing compelling evidence for the association between Business and management degrees and hydropower energy generation in Algeria. It's as if these variables are performing a coordinated dance, choreographed by forces unseen but undeniably influential.
Figure 1 illustrates a scatterplot depicting the strong positive correlation between the number of Associate's degrees awarded in Business and management and the amount of hydropower energy generated in Algeria. The data points hug the regression line like old friends, painting a picture of harmony between the academic landscape and the energy sector. One might say they're "watt" in sync, much like a well-tuned symphony orchestra.
In summary, the results of our analysis reveal a substantial and significant correlation between the issuance of Business and management degrees and the generation of hydropower energy in Algeria from 2011 to 2021. This unexpected connection, akin to a surprising plot twist in a scientific thriller, invites further exploration into the intricate interplay between educational trends and energy dynamics. Despite the initial incredulity at this unlikely pairing, the evidence, much like a well-crafted pun, leaves little room for doubt regarding its existence.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our study has uncovered a compelling and robust relationship between the issuance of Associate's degrees in Business and management and the generation of hydropower energy in Algeria. The remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9458340 suggests a strong positive association between these seemingly disparate variables. It seems that the surging interest in business education is not just making waves in the academic sphere but also making a splash in the energy landscape of Algeria.

The observed correlation, much like a dad joke, manages to bring together two seemingly unrelated entities in a surprisingly coherent manner. The literature review provided an amusing, yet informative backdrop for this unexpected relationship, underscoring the importance of unconventional thinking in research. Even the most unexpected sources of inspiration, much like a dad joke in a serious conversation, can lead to significant and thought-provoking insights.

Our findings are consistent with prior research, aligning with the unexpected revelations of Smith et al. and Doe and Jones. The robustness of our results, akin to a well-timed punchline, reinforces the validity of this unanticipated connection. This unexpected association, much like a clever pun, highlights the need for interdisciplinary exploration and challenges traditional boundaries of academic inquiry.

The r-squared value of 0.8946019 underscores the substantial influence of the number of Business and management degrees awarded on hydropower energy generation in Algeria. It's as if these variables, like the setup and punchline of a joke, complement each other seamlessly, unveiling a relationship that defies conventional wisdom. The statistical significance, much like the punchline that ties everything together, further cements the undeniable link between these variables.

In summary, our research has not only revealed a significant correlation between Business and management degrees and hydropower energy generation but has also highlighted the potential for unexpected connections in the academic and energy domains. The implications of this finding, much like a well-crafted dad joke, are both enlightening and entertaining, paving the way for further interdisciplinary investigations and prompting a renewed appreciation for the unexplored potential of seemingly unrelated fields.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Business and management and Hydopower energy generated in Algeria. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
The Business of Business Degrees: A Booming or Bunk Connection to Hydropower in Algeria?

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research investigates the relationship between the number of Associate's degrees awarded in Business and management and the hydroelectric power generation in Algeria. The abundance of Associates degrees in Business, it seems, may be flowing like water, but is this just a passing current or a sustained powerhouse? Our study scrutinizes this surprising link to shed some light on its potential significance in the Algerian energy landscape.

Our investigation harnesses data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Energy Information Administration to delve into this hitherto unexplored realm. The correlation coefficient of 0.9458340 and p < 0.01 between the two variables from 2011 to 2021 present a compelling case for further inquiry. It appears that the surge in Business and management degrees may be positively associated with the surge in hydropower energy generation in Algeria. This correlation, like a hydroelectric dam, certainly holds water.

Additionally, our findings unveil an unexpected relationship between educational trends and energy production. It seems that as the interest in business education flows, so does the generation of hydroelectric power in Algeria. The implications of this unexpected association, much like a river bursting its banks, are both far-reaching and potentially electrifying. This paper, much like the Algerian hydropower sector, aims to make a splash in the scholarly community.

Furthermore, our study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the interdisciplinary interplay between education and energy. This unlikely pairing, reminiscent of mixing business with pleasure, invites further exploration into the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate fields. As the saying goes, "When it rains, it pours" and in this case, it appears that when Business and management degrees rain down, hydropower energy surges.

In conclusion, our research sheds light on the unexpected connection between the educational domain of Business and management and the dynamo of hydropower energy in Algeria. While this correlation warrants further analysis, it's clear that there's more to this synergy than meets the eye. As we navigate these uncharted waters of interdisciplinary research, we can't help but marvel at the currents of curiosity and the power of academic inquiry.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
In the ever-evolving landscape of academia, one is often confronted with unexpected relationships that challenge conventional wisdom and invite further investigation. As researchers, it is our duty to delve into the depths of these uncharted waters and navigate the currents of curiosity with scholarly rigor and, dare I say, a dash of humor. Speaking of which, did you hear about the power plant that added a degree in business administration to its board? It was hoping to generate a little extra "current"-cy!
Our study sets out to probe the connection between the issuance of Associate's degrees in Business and management and the generation of hydropower energy in Algeria. This unlikely pairing, much like an academic matchmaker, promises to unravel a tale of two seemingly unrelated domains intersecting in a riveting fashion. It seems that the world of business education and the hydroelectric power sector have more in common than meets the eye. It's as if they were destined to meet and create a "current" of change in the Algerian energy landscape.
The premise of our investigation hinges on the notion that educational trends and energy production may not be as distinct as they appear. One might even say they are "watt" closely interconnected than previously assumed. This unconventional correlation demands our attention, much like a captivating mystery novel with a shocking twist at the end. It beckons us to peel back the layers of statistical data and uncover the underlying story that ties these seemingly disparate variables together.
The relationship between the number of Associate's degrees in Business and management and the hydroelectric power generation in Algeria may appear as unexpected as finding a treasure chest in the depths of the ocean. Yet, as any seasoned researcher will confirm, it is precisely these unexpected discoveries that propel our understanding forward and ignite the flames of intellectual curiosity. One might even say that this correlation, much like a well-crafted pun, has the power to spark a "jolting" realization.
As we embark on this empirical journey, it is crucial to highlight the theoretical and practical implications of this association. This unexpected "meeting of the minds" between education and energy production, not unlike a serendipitous encounter at a bustling marketplace, has the potential to reshape our understanding of interdisciplinary dynamics. It is a reminder that in the world of research, as in life, the most intriguing connections often emerge where we least expect them.
Our investigation aims to add a drop of clarity to the vast ocean of academic inquiry, paving the way for further exploration into the intricate web of relationships that underpin our societal systems. Much like an intrepid explorer charting new territories, we are driven by a thirst for knowledge and a determination to unravel the mysteries that lie beneath the surface. And who knows, we might just stumble upon a "current" of insight that leaves us positively "electrified"!

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data gathered from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Energy Information Administration revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9458340 between the number of Associate's degrees awarded in Business and management and the hydroelectric power generation in Algeria from 2011 to 2021. This finding suggests a striking relationship between the two variables, reminiscent of an unexpected meeting of kindred spirits.
The r-squared value of 0.8946019 indicates that approximately 89.46% of the variation in hydropower energy generation in Algeria can be explained by the number of Business and management degrees awarded. It's like finding the missing puzzle piece in an intricate jigsaw, completing the picture with an unforeseen connection between educational pursuits and energy outcomes.
The statistical significance further underscores the robustness of this relationship, with a p-value of less than 0.01. This indicates that the observed correlation is highly unlikely to have occurred by chance, providing compelling evidence for the association between Business and management degrees and hydropower energy generation in Algeria. It's as if these variables are performing a coordinated dance, choreographed by forces unseen but undeniably influential.
Figure 1 illustrates a scatterplot depicting the strong positive correlation between the number of Associate's degrees awarded in Business and management and the amount of hydropower energy generated in Algeria. The data points hug the regression line like old friends, painting a picture of harmony between the academic landscape and the energy sector. One might say they're "watt" in sync, much like a well-tuned symphony orchestra.
In summary, the results of our analysis reveal a substantial and significant correlation between the issuance of Business and management degrees and the generation of hydropower energy in Algeria from 2011 to 2021. This unexpected connection, akin to a surprising plot twist in a scientific thriller, invites further exploration into the intricate interplay between educational trends and energy dynamics. Despite the initial incredulity at this unlikely pairing, the evidence, much like a well-crafted pun, leaves little room for doubt regarding its existence.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In closing, our investigation has uncovered a striking relationship between Associate's degrees in Business and management and the generation of hydropower energy in Algeria. The correlation coefficient and statistical significance of this association, like a well-executed punchline, leave little room for disbelief. We've shed light on a surprisingly potent synergy between educational pursuits and energy dynamics, reminiscent of a harmonious duet that catches us off guard.

Moreover, the high r-squared value of 0.8946019 emphasizes the substantial influence of Business and management degrees on hydropower energy generation. One might say that the impact of these educational pursuits on energy outcomes is truly "shocking"! The thoroughness and robustness of our findings, much like a carefully constructed joke, stand as a testament to the depth of this unforeseen connection.

The scatterplot, with its tightly clustered data points, paints a compelling picture of the close bond between Business and management degrees and hydropower energy generation. It's as if these variables are engaged in a synchronized dance, moving together with a fluidity that belies their seemingly disparate natures. One might even say they're "amphibious" in their ability to traverse the realms of academia and energy production with ease.

In light of these findings, it's evident that no further exploration is needed in this area. The evidence, much like a soundly delivered punchline, speaks for itself. Our research stands as a beacon of insight into the unexpected interconnections that underpin our world, proving that sometimes, the most remarkable discoveries emerge from the unlikeliest of pairings.

In the words of a wise researcher, "Why did the mathematician, biologist, and statistician all refuse to go to the bar together? They couldn't find a common denominator!" And yet, in the unlikeliest of scenarios, we've uncovered a common ground between Business and management degrees and hydropower energy in Algeria, demonstrating that sometimes, the most compelling connections are found where we least expect them.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited The Business of Business Degrees: A Booming or Bunk Connection to Hydropower in Algeria?. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of International Business and Renewable Energy Studies

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited The Business of Business Degrees: A Booming or Bunk Connection to Hydropower in Algeria?. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for International Business Studies and Renewable Energy Research

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled The Business of Business Degrees: A Booming or Bunk Connection to Hydropower in Algeria? with an abstract of This research investigates the relationship between the number of Associate's degrees awarded in Business and management and the hydroelectric power generation in Algeria. The abundance of Associates degrees in Business, it seems, may be flowing like water, but is this just a passing current or a sustained powerhouse? Our study scrutinizes this surprising link to shed some light on its potential significance in the Algerian energy landscape.

Our investigation harnesses data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Energy Information Administration to delve into this hitherto unexplored realm. The correlation coefficient of 0.9458340 and p < 0.01 between the two variables from 2011 to 2021 present a compelling case for further inquiry. It appears that the surge in Business and management degrees may be positively associated with the surge in hydropower energy generation in Algeria. This correlation, like a hydroelectric dam, certainly holds water.
Additionally, our findings unveil an unexpected relationship between educational trends and energy production. It seems that as the interest in business education flows, so does the generation of hydroelectric power in Algeria. The implications of this unexpected association, much like a river bursting its banks, are both far-reaching and potentially electrifying. This paper, much like the Algerian hydropower sector, aims to make a splash in the scholarly community.
Furthermore, our study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the interdisciplinary interplay between education and energy. This unlikely pairing, reminiscent of mixing business with pleasure, invites further exploration into the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate fields. As the saying goes, "When it rains, it pours" and in this case, it appears that when Business and management degrees rain down, hydropower energy surges.
In conclusion, our research sheds light on the unexpected connection between the educational domain of Business and management and the dynamo of hydropower energy in Algeria. While this correlation warrants further analysis, it's clear that there's more to this synergy than meets the eye. As we navigate these uncharted waters of interdisciplinary research, we can't help but marvel at the currents of curiosity and the power of academic inquiry.

ChatGPT:

Associate's degrees, Business degrees, management degrees, hydroelectric power, energy production, Algeria, correlation, National Center for Education Statistics, Energy Information Administration, interdisciplinary research, educational trends

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Associates degrees awarded in Business and management
Detailed data title: Associate's degrees conferred by postsecondary institutions with a field of study of Business and management, other
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
See what else correlates with Associates degrees awarded in Business and management

Hydopower energy generated in Algeria
Detailed data title: Total hydopower energy generated in Algeria in billion kWh
Source: Energy Information Administration
See what else correlates with Hydopower energy generated in Algeria

Correlation r = 0.9458340 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.8946019 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 89.5% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Hydopower energy generated in Algeria) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Associates degrees awarded in Business and management) over the 11 years from 2011 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 1.08E-5.^Show 0.0000108432267945590230000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.95 in 0.00108% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 92,223 random variables^Note You don't actually need 92 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 10 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 10 because we have two variables measured over a period of 11 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.8, 0.99 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Associates degrees awarded in Business and management (Degrees awarded)	30716	29423	20683	19656	19141	17595	16299	14761	14545	13476	13724
Hydopower energy generated in Algeria (Billion kWh)	0.497	0.616	0.327	0.251	0.144	0.21582	0.05544	0.11583	0.152	0.05	0.09

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. ^Note Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([30716,29423,20683,19656,19141,17595,16299,14761,14545,13476,13724,])
array_2 = np.array([0.497,0.616,0.327,0.251,0.144,0.21582,0.05544,0.11583,0.152,0.05,0.09,])
array_1_name = "Associates degrees awarded in Business and management"
array_2_name = "Hydopower energy generated in Algeria"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
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Line chart for only Associates degrees awarded in Business and management
Line chart for only Hydopower energy generated in Algeria
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The spurious research paper: The Business of Business Degrees: A Booming or Bunk Connection to Hydropower in Algeria?

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Correlation ID: 2830 · Black Variable ID: 1218 · Red Variable ID: 23449


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