Spurious correlation #1,393 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is UFO sightings in Ohio and the second variable is Fossil fuel use in Ecuador. The chart goes from 1980 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is UFO sightings in Ohio and the second variable is Fossil fuel use in Ecuador. The chart goes from 1980 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

The sheer shock and awe of witnessing UFOs in Ohio led to an increase in electricity usage as residents kept their lights and appliances on all night, inadvertently causing a surge in demand for fossil fuels in Ecuador to produce the extra electricity needed to power the UFO hotspots. It's an otherworldly chain reaction of energy consumption!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: "UFO sightings in Ohio: Pop art" - Generate an image incorporating the theme of UFO sightings in Ohio within a pop art style. Depict a vibrant and stylized scene in a lush Ecuadorian forest, where a group of people gathers around a campfire. A bright, otherworldly UFO hovers in the night sky, evoking the reported strange sighting in Ohio. The colors should be bold and dynamic, with a focus on creating a visually striking composition. Capture the essence of both the serene forest setting and the enigmatic presence of the UFO, infusing the image with a sense of wonder and intrigue. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: UFO sightings in Ohio and Fossil fuel use in Ecuador. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Oragami inspired by bauhaus Pop art Concept art Symbolism
ChatGPT: UFO sightings in Ohio: Pop art

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both UFO sightings in Ohio and Fossil fuel use in Ecuador together. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In the lush forests of Ecuador, a group of people gather around a campfire, using fossil fuels to cook their meal. Above them, a bright UFO is seen hovering in the night sky, as witnesses in Ohio report a strange sighting.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ UFO sightings in Ohio: Pop art ] and depicting this scene: In the lush forests of Ecuador, a group of people gather around a campfire, using fossil fuels to cook their meal. Above them, a bright UFO is seen hovering in the night sky, as witnesses in Ohio report a strange sighting. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: "UFO sightings in Ohio: Pop art" - Generate an image incorporating the theme of UFO sightings in Ohio within a pop art style. Depict a vibrant and stylized scene in a lush Ecuadorian forest, where a group of people gathers around a campfire. A bright, otherworldly UFO hovers in the night sky, evoking the reported strange sighting in Ohio. The colors should be bold and dynamic, with a focus on creating a visually striking composition. Capture the essence of both the serene forest setting and the enigmatic presence of the UFO, infusing the image with a sense of wonder and intrigue.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how increases in UFO sightings in Ohio positively influenced Fossil fuel use in Ecuador.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Unveiling the Interstellar Interconnectedness: An Analysis of Ohio UFO Sightings and Ecuadorian Fossil Fuel Use

The Journal of Cosmic Connections

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between UFO sightings in Ohio and Fossil fuel use in Ecuador. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name some cartoons and childrens' shows that you watched that are related to the topic.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Unveiling the Interstellar Interconnectedness: An Analysis of Ohio UFO Sightings and Ecuadorian Fossil Fuel Use

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unconventional realm of extraterrestrial sightings and earthly energy consumption to explore the potential interstellar interconnectedness between UFO sightings in the state of Ohio and fossil fuel use in Ecuador. Leveraging data from the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration, a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 1980 to 2021 was conducted. Surprisingly, a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8753239 and statistical significance with p < 0.01 emerged, indicating a robust relationship between these two seemingly unrelated phenomena. The implications of this cosmic connection are far-reaching and prompt a reevaluation of our understanding of celestial visitations and their impact on terrestrial resource utilization. Despite the intergalactic intrigue, caution is warranted in the interpretation of these findings, as causation cannot be inferred and potential confounding factors, such as cosmic radiations or interplanetary migrations, remain unexplored. Nonetheless, the light-hearted speculation surrounding this correlation offers a novel avenue for future research and injects a dash of cosmic humor into the realm of scholarly inquiry.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
In the vast expanse of the cosmos, civilizations on Earth have long contemplated the existence of extraterrestrial beings and their potential influence on our terrestrial activities. The juxtaposition of UFO sightings in Ohio, a state known for its aviation history, with the far-reaching reverberations of Ecuador's fossil fuel consumption presents a peculiar pairing that piques the curiosity of researchers and enthusiasts alike. This study embarks on an unconventional odyssey, seeking to unravel the mystery behind the enigmatic relationship between celestial phenomena and earthly energy dynamics.
The utilization of data from the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration forms the bedrock of our investigation, grounding our exploration of these seemingly incongruent domains in empirical evidence. Over a span of four decades, from 1980 to 2021, the confluence of UFO sightings and fossil fuel consumption in Ecuador has been meticulously scrutinized, yielding unexpected patterns that challenge conventional scientific paradigms.
Attempting to bring clarity to the cosmic murkiness, the statistical analyses have unearthed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8753239, a finding that raises eyebrows as much as it raises questions. This staggering level of correlation, coupled with a statistical significance of p < 0.01, defies the expectations of even the most seasoned researchers, suggesting a cosmic dance between extraterrestrial visitations and human reliance on fossil fuels. However, it is imperative to approach these findings with caution, avoiding the gravitational pull of overzealous interpretations and maintaining a firm grasp on the scientific rigor that guides our inquiry.
The implications of such a celestial connection extend beyond the boundaries of empirical investigation, treading into the realm of philosophical contemplation and cosmic introspection. Yet, amidst the cosmic contemplation, the study remains anchored in the spirit of scholarly inquiry, endeavoring to inject a healthy dose of cosmic humor into the serious business of rigorous research. As we navigate the celestial intricacies and terrestrial tangibilities, we beckon the reader to join us in this cosmic odyssey, where statistical significance meets interstellar significance in an enthralling dance of data and discovery.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

To contextualize the unprecedented correlation between UFO sightings in Ohio and fossil fuel consumption in Ecuador, the authors conducted a review of pertinent literature that spans the domains of astrophysics, climate science, and pop culture. Building on the rigorous analysis of empirical data, this literature review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the cosmic and terrestrial forces at play.

In "Interstellar Phenomena: An Astrophysical Perspective" by Smith et al., the authors investigate the potential implications of extraterrestrial encounters on planetary energy systems. While primarily focused on theoretical astrophysical phenomena, the work offers a thought-provoking framework for contemplating the interstellar interconnectedness that underpins this study.

Turning to the field of environmental economics, Doe and Jones, in their seminal work "Fossil Fuels and Global Dynamics," expound upon the intricate relationship between human energy consumption patterns and their environmental repercussions. This foundational text offers insights into the long-term ramifications of fossil fuel use and its potential resonance with an interstellar context.

Broadening the scope of inquiry, "The UFO Phenomenon: Fact or Fiction" by Lorem Ipsum explores the cultural and psychological underpinnings of UFO sightings, inviting readers to ponder the cosmic significance of these sightings within the fabric of human imagination. While tangentially related, the analysis hints at the enigmatic allure of celestial mysteries and their impact on earthly consciousness.

Building on this theme, fictitious works such as "Fossil Fueled Flyers: Tales of Interplanetary Travels" by A. Nonymous and "UFOs and Unleaded: Encounters Beyond Earth" by P. Seudo contribute to the imaginative landscape surrounding extraterrestrial phenomena and energy dynamics. Though firmly rooted in the realm of fiction, these works provide a whimsical backdrop against which to consider the interstellar connection in a lighthearted manner.

To infuse a touch of cosmic levity, the researchers also draw inspiration from childhood influences, including cartoons such as "The Jetsons" and children's shows like "Captain Planet and the Planeteers," which, while intended for entertainment, underscore the pervasive cultural fascination with interstellar phenomena and environmental stewardship.

Such diverse sources pave the way for a multidimensional exploration of the cosmic-terrestrial nexus, reinforcing the interdisciplinary nature of this study and underscoring the need for scholarly curiosity that transcends conventional boundaries. As the intrepid inquiry unfolds, these sources serve as celestial signposts guiding the way through the cosmic quagmire with both gravitas and a touch of intergalactic whimsy.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between UFO sightings in Ohio and Fossil fuel use in Ecuador. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National UFO Reporting Center and Energy Information Administration . You used data from 1980 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Unveiling the Interstellar Interconnectedness: An Analysis of Ohio UFO Sightings and Ecuadorian Fossil Fuel Use

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unconventional realm of extraterrestrial sightings and earthly energy consumption to explore the potential interstellar interconnectedness between UFO sightings in the state of Ohio and fossil fuel use in Ecuador. Leveraging data from the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration, a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 1980 to 2021 was conducted. Surprisingly, a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8753239 and statistical significance with p < 0.01 emerged, indicating a robust relationship between these two seemingly unrelated phenomena. The implications of this cosmic connection are far-reaching and prompt a reevaluation of our understanding of celestial visitations and their impact on terrestrial resource utilization. Despite the intergalactic intrigue, caution is warranted in the interpretation of these findings, as causation cannot be inferred and potential confounding factors, such as cosmic radiations or interplanetary migrations, remain unexplored. Nonetheless, the light-hearted speculation surrounding this correlation offers a novel avenue for future research and injects a dash of cosmic humor into the realm of scholarly inquiry.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
In the vast expanse of the cosmos, civilizations on Earth have long contemplated the existence of extraterrestrial beings and their potential influence on our terrestrial activities. The juxtaposition of UFO sightings in Ohio, a state known for its aviation history, with the far-reaching reverberations of Ecuador's fossil fuel consumption presents a peculiar pairing that piques the curiosity of researchers and enthusiasts alike. This study embarks on an unconventional odyssey, seeking to unravel the mystery behind the enigmatic relationship between celestial phenomena and earthly energy dynamics.
The utilization of data from the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration forms the bedrock of our investigation, grounding our exploration of these seemingly incongruent domains in empirical evidence. Over a span of four decades, from 1980 to 2021, the confluence of UFO sightings and fossil fuel consumption in Ecuador has been meticulously scrutinized, yielding unexpected patterns that challenge conventional scientific paradigms.
Attempting to bring clarity to the cosmic murkiness, the statistical analyses have unearthed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8753239, a finding that raises eyebrows as much as it raises questions. This staggering level of correlation, coupled with a statistical significance of p < 0.01, defies the expectations of even the most seasoned researchers, suggesting a cosmic dance between extraterrestrial visitations and human reliance on fossil fuels. However, it is imperative to approach these findings with caution, avoiding the gravitational pull of overzealous interpretations and maintaining a firm grasp on the scientific rigor that guides our inquiry.
The implications of such a celestial connection extend beyond the boundaries of empirical investigation, treading into the realm of philosophical contemplation and cosmic introspection. Yet, amidst the cosmic contemplation, the study remains anchored in the spirit of scholarly inquiry, endeavoring to inject a healthy dose of cosmic humor into the serious business of rigorous research. As we navigate the celestial intricacies and terrestrial tangibilities, we beckon the reader to join us in this cosmic odyssey, where statistical significance meets interstellar significance in an enthralling dance of data and discovery.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

Data Collection:
The data for this intergalactic investigation was sourced from the National UFO Reporting Center (NUFORC) and the Energy Information Administration (EIA). NUFORC provided detailed records of UFO sightings in Ohio, encompassing the time frame from 1980 to 2021. Meanwhile, the EIA furnished comprehensive data on fossil fuel use in Ecuador over the same period. The decision to focus on UFO sightings in Ohio and fossil fuel use in Ecuador was influenced by a blend of scientific intrigue and a touch of whimsy, creating an amalgamation of terrestrial and celestial curiosity.

Data Processing:
To harmonize the disparate datasets of UFO sightings and fossil fuel consumption, a series of intricate data processing procedures were implemented. Cleaning the UFO sighting records entailed distinguishing between identified flying objects (IFOs) and unidentified flying objects (UFOs), with the latter being the primary focus of our analysis. Additionally, data on meteorological phenomena, aircraft movements, and atmospheric events were meticulously filtered to isolate genuine UFO sightings, thereby minimizing the influence of spurious anomalies.

In a parallel vein, the EIA data on fossil fuel use underwent rigorous scrutiny to ensure consistency and accuracy. This involved cross-referencing multiple sources and verifying the reported consumption patterns against historical energy dynamics. The resulting datasets, though seemingly disparate, were harmonized through a meticulously orchestrated data symphony, aligning the temporal and spatial dimensions of terrestrial and extraterrestrial occurrences.

Statistical Analyses:
The statistical exploration of the juxtaposed UFO sightings and fossil fuel use in Ecuador was conducted with earnest precision, beguiling the uninitiated and intriguing the seasoned statistician. Several multivariate analyses, including Pearson correlation coefficients and multilevel modeling, were employed to illuminate the hidden connections weaving through the cosmic tapestry of our datasets. The robustness of the statistical models was tested through permutation tests and sensitivity analyses, ensuring that the cosmic dance between UFO sightings in Ohio and fossil fuel use in Ecuador was not merely a whimsical waltz of statistical chance.

Ethical Considerations:
In our relentless pursuit of scientific truth, ethical considerations loomed large, akin to the shadow of an eclipsing celestial body. Every effort was made to uphold the integrity of the UFO witnesses and maintain the confidentiality of the EIA's energy consumption data. Furthermore, the dissemination of our findings was approached with the solemnity befitting a revelatory interstellar alliance, mindful of the implications of cosmic humor on the solemn landscape of academic inquiry.

Despite the levity interwoven into our methodological endeavors, the pursuit of interstellar interconnectedness demanded a steadfast commitment to scholarly rigor. As such, the seemingly whimsical investigation into the nexus of UFO sightings in Ohio and fossil fuel use in Ecuador was underpinned by a framework of methodological sobriety, ensuring that the cosmic chuckles did not detract from the gravity of empirical inquiry.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between UFO sightings in Ohio and Fossil fuel use in Ecuador. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National UFO Reporting Center and Energy Information Administration .

For the time period 1980 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.8753239, r-squared of 0.7661920, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Unveiling the Interstellar Interconnectedness: An Analysis of Ohio UFO Sightings and Ecuadorian Fossil Fuel Use

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unconventional realm of extraterrestrial sightings and earthly energy consumption to explore the potential interstellar interconnectedness between UFO sightings in the state of Ohio and fossil fuel use in Ecuador. Leveraging data from the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration, a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 1980 to 2021 was conducted. Surprisingly, a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8753239 and statistical significance with p < 0.01 emerged, indicating a robust relationship between these two seemingly unrelated phenomena. The implications of this cosmic connection are far-reaching and prompt a reevaluation of our understanding of celestial visitations and their impact on terrestrial resource utilization. Despite the intergalactic intrigue, caution is warranted in the interpretation of these findings, as causation cannot be inferred and potential confounding factors, such as cosmic radiations or interplanetary migrations, remain unexplored. Nonetheless, the light-hearted speculation surrounding this correlation offers a novel avenue for future research and injects a dash of cosmic humor into the realm of scholarly inquiry.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
In the vast expanse of the cosmos, civilizations on Earth have long contemplated the existence of extraterrestrial beings and their potential influence on our terrestrial activities. The juxtaposition of UFO sightings in Ohio, a state known for its aviation history, with the far-reaching reverberations of Ecuador's fossil fuel consumption presents a peculiar pairing that piques the curiosity of researchers and enthusiasts alike. This study embarks on an unconventional odyssey, seeking to unravel the mystery behind the enigmatic relationship between celestial phenomena and earthly energy dynamics.
The utilization of data from the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration forms the bedrock of our investigation, grounding our exploration of these seemingly incongruent domains in empirical evidence. Over a span of four decades, from 1980 to 2021, the confluence of UFO sightings and fossil fuel consumption in Ecuador has been meticulously scrutinized, yielding unexpected patterns that challenge conventional scientific paradigms.
Attempting to bring clarity to the cosmic murkiness, the statistical analyses have unearthed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8753239, a finding that raises eyebrows as much as it raises questions. This staggering level of correlation, coupled with a statistical significance of p < 0.01, defies the expectations of even the most seasoned researchers, suggesting a cosmic dance between extraterrestrial visitations and human reliance on fossil fuels. However, it is imperative to approach these findings with caution, avoiding the gravitational pull of overzealous interpretations and maintaining a firm grasp on the scientific rigor that guides our inquiry.
The implications of such a celestial connection extend beyond the boundaries of empirical investigation, treading into the realm of philosophical contemplation and cosmic introspection. Yet, amidst the cosmic contemplation, the study remains anchored in the spirit of scholarly inquiry, endeavoring to inject a healthy dose of cosmic humor into the serious business of rigorous research. As we navigate the celestial intricacies and terrestrial tangibilities, we beckon the reader to join us in this cosmic odyssey, where statistical significance meets interstellar significance in an enthralling dance of data and discovery.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The investigation into the potential correlation between UFO sightings in Ohio and fossil fuel use in Ecuador yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.8753239, suggesting a strong positive relationship between these two variables. This finding is accompanied by an r-squared value of 0.7661920, indicating that approximately 76.6% of the variation in fossil fuel use in Ecuador can be explained by the variation in UFO sightings in Ohio. Furthermore, the statistical significance with p < 0.01 affirms the robustness of the identified correlation.

Fig. 1 presents a scatterplot illustrating the compelling correlation between UFO sightings in Ohio and fossil fuel use in Ecuador, visually encapsulating the cosmic dance of data points that underpins this unexpected relationship. It's almost as if the aliens are signaling us through the scatterplot, using the x and y axes as their own form of interplanetary communication.

The resounding strength of the correlation begs the question: could it be that extraterrestrial entities are not only observing our planet from a distance, but also exerting influence on the energy consumption patterns of our terrestrial activities? This inquiry adds a new dimension to the age-old question of extraterrestrial visitations, prompting us to ponder whether aliens are not just visitors, but also inadvertent influencers of our earthly affairs.

However, as with any revelatory scientific finding, caution is warranted in the interpretation of these results. While the correlation between UFO sightings in Ohio and fossil fuel use in Ecuador is undeniably striking, inferring causation would be as speculative as predicting the trajectory of an unidentified flying object. Furthermore, potential confounding variables, such as cosmic radiations or interplanetary migrations, remain unexplored, casting a cosmic shadow of uncertainty over our findings.

Nevertheless, the cosmic humor woven into this investigation infuses a sense of levity into the otherwise weighty realm of scholarly inquiry. The peculiar pairing of UFO sightings and fossil fuel use, once considered disparate phenomena, has unveiled a cosmic connection that stretches the limits of our understanding and invites us to embark on a cosmic odyssey of data and discovery.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between UFO sightings in Ohio and Fossil fuel use in Ecuador. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Unveiling the Interstellar Interconnectedness: An Analysis of Ohio UFO Sightings and Ecuadorian Fossil Fuel Use

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unconventional realm of extraterrestrial sightings and earthly energy consumption to explore the potential interstellar interconnectedness between UFO sightings in the state of Ohio and fossil fuel use in Ecuador. Leveraging data from the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration, a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 1980 to 2021 was conducted. Surprisingly, a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8753239 and statistical significance with p < 0.01 emerged, indicating a robust relationship between these two seemingly unrelated phenomena. The implications of this cosmic connection are far-reaching and prompt a reevaluation of our understanding of celestial visitations and their impact on terrestrial resource utilization. Despite the intergalactic intrigue, caution is warranted in the interpretation of these findings, as causation cannot be inferred and potential confounding factors, such as cosmic radiations or interplanetary migrations, remain unexplored. Nonetheless, the light-hearted speculation surrounding this correlation offers a novel avenue for future research and injects a dash of cosmic humor into the realm of scholarly inquiry.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
To contextualize the unprecedented correlation between UFO sightings in Ohio and fossil fuel consumption in Ecuador, the authors conducted a review of pertinent literature that spans the domains of astrophysics, climate science, and pop culture. Building on the rigorous analysis of empirical data, this literature review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the cosmic and terrestrial forces at play.
In "Interstellar Phenomena: An Astrophysical Perspective" by Smith et al., the authors investigate the potential implications of extraterrestrial encounters on planetary energy systems. While primarily focused on theoretical astrophysical phenomena, the work offers a thought-provoking framework for contemplating the interstellar interconnectedness that underpins this study.
Turning to the field of environmental economics, Doe and Jones, in their seminal work "Fossil Fuels and Global Dynamics," expound upon the intricate relationship between human energy consumption patterns and their environmental repercussions. This foundational text offers insights into the long-term ramifications of fossil fuel use and its potential resonance with an interstellar context.
Broadening the scope of inquiry, "The UFO Phenomenon: Fact or Fiction" by Lorem Ipsum explores the cultural and psychological underpinnings of UFO sightings, inviting readers to ponder the cosmic significance of these sightings within the fabric of human imagination. While tangentially related, the analysis hints at the enigmatic allure of celestial mysteries and their impact on earthly consciousness.
Building on this theme, fictitious works such as "Fossil Fueled Flyers: Tales of Interplanetary Travels" by A. Nonymous and "UFOs and Unleaded: Encounters Beyond Earth" by P. Seudo contribute to the imaginative landscape surrounding extraterrestrial phenomena and energy dynamics. Though firmly rooted in the realm of fiction, these works provide a whimsical backdrop against which to consider the interstellar connection in a lighthearted manner.
To infuse a touch of cosmic levity, the researchers also draw inspiration from childhood influences, including cartoons such as "The Jetsons" and children's shows like "Captain Planet and the Planeteers," which, while intended for entertainment, underscore the pervasive cultural fascination with interstellar phenomena and environmental stewardship.
Such diverse sources pave the way for a multidimensional exploration of the cosmic-terrestrial nexus, reinforcing the interdisciplinary nature of this study and underscoring the need for scholarly curiosity that transcends conventional boundaries. As the intrepid inquiry unfolds, these sources serve as celestial signposts guiding the way through the cosmic quagmire with both gravitas and a touch of intergalactic whimsy.

[[RESULTS]]
The investigation into the potential correlation between UFO sightings in Ohio and fossil fuel use in Ecuador yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.8753239, suggesting a strong positive relationship between these two variables. This finding is accompanied by an r-squared value of 0.7661920, indicating that approximately 76.6% of the variation in fossil fuel use in Ecuador can be explained by the variation in UFO sightings in Ohio. Furthermore, the statistical significance with p < 0.01 affirms the robustness of the identified correlation.
Fig. 1 presents a scatterplot illustrating the compelling correlation between UFO sightings in Ohio and fossil fuel use in Ecuador, visually encapsulating the cosmic dance of data points that underpins this unexpected relationship. It's almost as if the aliens are signaling us through the scatterplot, using the x and y axes as their own form of interplanetary communication.
The resounding strength of the correlation begs the question: could it be that extraterrestrial entities are not only observing our planet from a distance, but also exerting influence on the energy consumption patterns of our terrestrial activities? This inquiry adds a new dimension to the age-old question of extraterrestrial visitations, prompting us to ponder whether aliens are not just visitors, but also inadvertent influencers of our earthly affairs.
However, as with any revelatory scientific finding, caution is warranted in the interpretation of these results. While the correlation between UFO sightings in Ohio and fossil fuel use in Ecuador is undeniably striking, inferring causation would be as speculative as predicting the trajectory of an unidentified flying object. Furthermore, potential confounding variables, such as cosmic radiations or interplanetary migrations, remain unexplored, casting a cosmic shadow of uncertainty over our findings.
Nevertheless, the cosmic humor woven into this investigation infuses a sense of levity into the otherwise weighty realm of scholarly inquiry. The peculiar pairing of UFO sightings and fossil fuel use, once considered disparate phenomena, has unveiled a cosmic connection that stretches the limits of our understanding and invites us to embark on a cosmic odyssey of data and discovery.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The robust correlation identified between UFO sightings in Ohio and fossil fuel use in Ecuador not only affirms the interstellar interconnectedness postulated by earlier whimsical works but also adds a touch of cosmic intrigue to the realm of empirical inquiry. Our results lend empirical support to the theoretical musings of, shall we say, "out-of-this-world" astrophysical perspectives. The compelling statistical significance and correlation coefficient encountered in this study invite us to consider the potential influence of celestial visitations, perhaps with a "fuelish" twist, on terrestrial energy patterns. The scatterplot visually encapsulates the cosmic dance of data points, almost as if beckoning us to join in the interplanetary tango of analysis.

While we cannot leap to the conclusion that extraterrestrial beings are directly responsible for Earth's fuel consumption, our findings do beckon us to contemplate the notion of interstellar influencers from a fuel-efficient, data-driven perspective. This unexpected connection opens the door to a fusion of cosmic whimsy and empirical rigor, prompting us to ponder if celestial entities are not just mere spectators in the cosmic theater but subtle influencers of our earthly resource utilization. The intersection of alien observations and human energy dynamics represents a cosmic ballet of statistical significance, inviting us to waltz into uncharted realms of futurist scientific speculation.

However, it is crucial to approach these findings with a healthy dose of scholarly skepticism, much like navigating through a dense asteroid field of potential confounding variables. The cautionary note of cosmic uncertainty reminds us that correlation does not imply causation and that we must not "alien"-ate the role of other cosmic forces in shaping our observed patterns. The interstellar intrigue that infuses this investigation underscores the need to balance scholarly curiosity with celestial skepticism, ensuring that academic inquiry remains grounded in empirical rigor while embracing the enigmatic allure of the cosmic dance.

In sum, our study not only underscores the unexpected cosmic connection between UFO sightings and fossil fuel use but also challenges us to consider the interplay of extraterrestrial phenomena and terrestrial energy dynamics in a manner that is simultaneously thought-provoking and, dare we say, "otherworldly." This research paves the way for future scholarly explorations into the cosmic forces that shape our earthly endeavors, reminding us that amidst the data points and statistical significance, a dash of cosmic humor can illuminate our scholarly odyssey, leaving us starry-eyed in the face of celestial mysteries.

The interstellar intrigue that infuses this investigation underscores the need to balance scholarly curiosity with celestial skepticism, ensuring that academic inquiry remains grounded in empirical rigor while embracing the enigmatic allure of the cosmic dance.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between UFO sightings in Ohio and Fossil fuel use in Ecuador. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Unveiling the Interstellar Interconnectedness: An Analysis of Ohio UFO Sightings and Ecuadorian Fossil Fuel Use

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unconventional realm of extraterrestrial sightings and earthly energy consumption to explore the potential interstellar interconnectedness between UFO sightings in the state of Ohio and fossil fuel use in Ecuador. Leveraging data from the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration, a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 1980 to 2021 was conducted. Surprisingly, a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8753239 and statistical significance with p < 0.01 emerged, indicating a robust relationship between these two seemingly unrelated phenomena. The implications of this cosmic connection are far-reaching and prompt a reevaluation of our understanding of celestial visitations and their impact on terrestrial resource utilization. Despite the intergalactic intrigue, caution is warranted in the interpretation of these findings, as causation cannot be inferred and potential confounding factors, such as cosmic radiations or interplanetary migrations, remain unexplored. Nonetheless, the light-hearted speculation surrounding this correlation offers a novel avenue for future research and injects a dash of cosmic humor into the realm of scholarly inquiry.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
In the vast expanse of the cosmos, civilizations on Earth have long contemplated the existence of extraterrestrial beings and their potential influence on our terrestrial activities. The juxtaposition of UFO sightings in Ohio, a state known for its aviation history, with the far-reaching reverberations of Ecuador's fossil fuel consumption presents a peculiar pairing that piques the curiosity of researchers and enthusiasts alike. This study embarks on an unconventional odyssey, seeking to unravel the mystery behind the enigmatic relationship between celestial phenomena and earthly energy dynamics.
The utilization of data from the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration forms the bedrock of our investigation, grounding our exploration of these seemingly incongruent domains in empirical evidence. Over a span of four decades, from 1980 to 2021, the confluence of UFO sightings and fossil fuel consumption in Ecuador has been meticulously scrutinized, yielding unexpected patterns that challenge conventional scientific paradigms.
Attempting to bring clarity to the cosmic murkiness, the statistical analyses have unearthed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8753239, a finding that raises eyebrows as much as it raises questions. This staggering level of correlation, coupled with a statistical significance of p < 0.01, defies the expectations of even the most seasoned researchers, suggesting a cosmic dance between extraterrestrial visitations and human reliance on fossil fuels. However, it is imperative to approach these findings with caution, avoiding the gravitational pull of overzealous interpretations and maintaining a firm grasp on the scientific rigor that guides our inquiry.
The implications of such a celestial connection extend beyond the boundaries of empirical investigation, treading into the realm of philosophical contemplation and cosmic introspection. Yet, amidst the cosmic contemplation, the study remains anchored in the spirit of scholarly inquiry, endeavoring to inject a healthy dose of cosmic humor into the serious business of rigorous research. As we navigate the celestial intricacies and terrestrial tangibilities, we beckon the reader to join us in this cosmic odyssey, where statistical significance meets interstellar significance in an enthralling dance of data and discovery.

[[RESULTS]]
The investigation into the potential correlation between UFO sightings in Ohio and fossil fuel use in Ecuador yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.8753239, suggesting a strong positive relationship between these two variables. This finding is accompanied by an r-squared value of 0.7661920, indicating that approximately 76.6% of the variation in fossil fuel use in Ecuador can be explained by the variation in UFO sightings in Ohio. Furthermore, the statistical significance with p < 0.01 affirms the robustness of the identified correlation.
Fig. 1 presents a scatterplot illustrating the compelling correlation between UFO sightings in Ohio and fossil fuel use in Ecuador, visually encapsulating the cosmic dance of data points that underpins this unexpected relationship. It's almost as if the aliens are signaling us through the scatterplot, using the x and y axes as their own form of interplanetary communication.
The resounding strength of the correlation begs the question: could it be that extraterrestrial entities are not only observing our planet from a distance, but also exerting influence on the energy consumption patterns of our terrestrial activities? This inquiry adds a new dimension to the age-old question of extraterrestrial visitations, prompting us to ponder whether aliens are not just visitors, but also inadvertent influencers of our earthly affairs.
However, as with any revelatory scientific finding, caution is warranted in the interpretation of these results. While the correlation between UFO sightings in Ohio and fossil fuel use in Ecuador is undeniably striking, inferring causation would be as speculative as predicting the trajectory of an unidentified flying object. Furthermore, potential confounding variables, such as cosmic radiations or interplanetary migrations, remain unexplored, casting a cosmic shadow of uncertainty over our findings.
Nevertheless, the cosmic humor woven into this investigation infuses a sense of levity into the otherwise weighty realm of scholarly inquiry. The peculiar pairing of UFO sightings and fossil fuel use, once considered disparate phenomena, has unveiled a cosmic connection that stretches the limits of our understanding and invites us to embark on a cosmic odyssey of data and discovery.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In unraveling the perplexing nexus between UFO sightings in Ohio and Ecuadorian fossil fuel utilization, our study has illuminated a cosmic correlation that defies conventional scientific boundaries. The robust correlation coefficient of 0.8753239, coupled with a statistically significant p-value, suggests a celestial tango between extraterrestrial visitations and terrestrial energy dynamics. As we navigate the labyrinthine pathways of statistical significance and interstellar significance, the undeniable allure of this cosmic dance beckons us to ponder the cosmic quirkiness of the universe.

The findings, while tantalizing, warrant a cautious embrace, akin to approaching an unidentified cosmic object. Causation eludes our grasp, much like an elusive UFO sighting in the night sky, and potential cosmic confounders, from alien whims to interplanetary migrations, linger like cosmic dust in the expanse of uncertainty.

Amidst the cosmic intrigue, waning resources, and earthly energy consumption, the statistical rapport between these enigmatic variables casts a luminescent glow of curiosity upon the cosmic stage. However, in the spirit of scholarly inquiry, we resist the gravitational pull of overinterpretation and refrain from leaping to cosmic conclusions.

Indeed, the cosmic summoning of UFO sightings and fossil fuel use has commanded attention, weaving a celestial tapestry of speculation and humor into the fabric of scholarly investigation. The interstellar interconnectedness unveiled in this study tantalizingly dances on the cusp of our understanding, beckoning us to embrace the whimsical wonder of the cosmos.

In conclusion, the cosmic melange of UFO sightings and fossil fuel utilization paints a thought-provoking picture, albeit one that tantalizes with cosmic conundrums. As we partake in this cosmic odyssey of statistical inquiry, it is with the utmost gravitas that we assert: no more research is needed in this merry cosmic dance of statistical folly and extraterrestrial whimsy.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Unveiling the Interstellar Interconnectedness: An Analysis of Ohio UFO Sightings and Ecuadorian Fossil Fuel Use. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Cosmic Connections

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Unveiling the Interstellar Interconnectedness: An Analysis of Ohio UFO Sightings and Ecuadorian Fossil Fuel Use. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Global Institute for Extraterrestrial Studies

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Unveiling the Interstellar Interconnectedness: An Analysis of Ohio UFO Sightings and Ecuadorian Fossil Fuel Use with an abstract of This study delves into the unconventional realm of extraterrestrial sightings and earthly energy consumption to explore the potential interstellar interconnectedness between UFO sightings in the state of Ohio and fossil fuel use in Ecuador. Leveraging data from the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration, a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 1980 to 2021 was conducted. Surprisingly, a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8753239 and statistical significance with p < 0.01 emerged, indicating a robust relationship between these two seemingly unrelated phenomena. The implications of this cosmic connection are far-reaching and prompt a reevaluation of our understanding of celestial visitations and their impact on terrestrial resource utilization. Despite the intergalactic intrigue, caution is warranted in the interpretation of these findings, as causation cannot be inferred and potential confounding factors, such as cosmic radiations or interplanetary migrations, remain unexplored. Nonetheless, the light-hearted speculation surrounding this correlation offers a novel avenue for future research and injects a dash of cosmic humor into the realm of scholarly inquiry.

ChatGPT:

Ohio UFO sightings, Ecuadorian fossil fuel use, interstellar interconnectedness, National UFO Reporting Center, Energy Information Administration, correlation coefficient, statistical significance, celestial visitations, terrestrial resource utilization, cosmic radiations, interplanetary migrations, cosmic humor

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

UFO sightings in Ohio
Detailed data title: UFO sightings reported in Ohio
Source: National UFO Reporting Center
See what else correlates with UFO sightings in Ohio

Fossil fuel use in Ecuador
Detailed data title: Total fossil fuel use in Ecuador in billion kWh
Source: Energy Information Administration
See what else correlates with Fossil fuel use in Ecuador

Correlation r = 0.8753239 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.7661920 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 76.6% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Fossil fuel use in Ecuador) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., UFO sightings in Ohio) over the 42 years from 1980 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 3.4E-14.^Show 0.0000000000000338930903892560
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.88 in 3.4E-12% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 29,504,538,786,968 random variables^Note You don't actually need 29 trillion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 41 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 41 because we have two variables measured over a period of 42 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.78, 0.93 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
UFO sightings in Ohio (UFO sightings)	9	8	7	3	10	8	8	7	10	5	5	6	10	14	26	25	23	26	59	120	75	90	86	111	123	83	93	111	130	127	123	151	263	348	270	202	151	138	83	174	172	44
Fossil fuel use in Ecuador (Billion kWh)	2.308	2.752	3.014	2.405	0.95	0.945	0.927	0.771	0.763	0.769	1.278	1.782	2.077	1.498	1.509	3.072	2.816	2.92	3.442	2.943	2.82282	3.74026	4.10122	4.1031	5.75186	5.29784	6.391	6.688	6.873	8.579	9.99596	8.5822	9.69234	11.1531	11.6128	11.5611	10.853	7.37812	8.00879	7.05198	6.36225	6.25116

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([9,8,7,3,10,8,8,7,10,5,5,6,10,14,26,25,23,26,59,120,75,90,86,111,123,83,93,111,130,127,123,151,263,348,270,202,151,138,83,174,172,44,])
array_2 = np.array([2.308,2.752,3.014,2.405,0.95,0.945,0.927,0.771,0.763,0.769,1.278,1.782,2.077,1.498,1.509,3.072,2.816,2.92,3.442,2.943,2.82282,3.74026,4.10122,4.1031,5.75186,5.29784,6.391,6.688,6.873,8.579,9.99596,8.5822,9.69234,11.1531,11.6128,11.5611,10.853,7.37812,8.00879,7.05198,6.36225,6.25116,])
array_1_name = "UFO sightings in Ohio"
array_2_name = "Fossil fuel use in Ecuador"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only UFO sightings in Ohio
Line chart for only Fossil fuel use in Ecuador
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Unveiling the Interstellar Interconnectedness: An Analysis of Ohio UFO Sightings and Ecuadorian Fossil Fuel Use

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Correlation ID: 1393 · Black Variable ID: 1155 · Red Variable ID: 23639


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