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AI explanation
As the number of boys named Mason rose, so did the collective energy of all the M's being spoken in the city. This inadvertently acted as a magnet for intergalactic visitors whose spaceship navigation systems inexplicably malfunctioned in the presence of such M-pressive moniker resonance. So, the more Masons, the M-azingly higher the likelihood of encountering Mysterious Manned Objects in the skies! It's aMason to be!
Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Prompt: Generate an image that showcases the futuristic skyline of New York City, with an array of glowing UFOs hovering amidst the skyscrapers. The city is illuminated by neon lights, and the atmosphere is imbued with a sense of high-tech energy and mystery. The UFOs are depicted in various shapes and sizes, emitting an otherworldly glow that captivates the viewer's attention. Each UFO seems to be attracted to the proliferation of the letter "M" in the city, creating a captivating and enigmatic spectacle against the urban backdrop. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Popularity of the first name Mason and UFO sightings in New York. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: A photo-realistic image Hyper-realistic inspired by bauhaus High-tech Psychedelic
ChatGPT: High-tech
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Popularity of the first name Mason and UFO sightings in New York, in the following situation: As the number of boys named Mason rose, so did the collective energy of all the M's being spoken in the city. This inadvertently acted as a magnet for intergalactic visitors whose spaceship navigation systems inexplicably malfunctioned in the presence of such M-pressive moniker resonance. So, the more Masons, the M-azingly higher the likelihood of encountering Mysterious Manned Objects in the skies! It's aMason to be!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In New York, as the popularity of the first name Mason increased, the city buzzed with the energy of countless M's being spoken. Amidst this, the sky seemed to attract more unusual sightings. UFOs would often appear, seemingly drawn to the magnetic pull of the M names, creating a mysteriously mesmerizing spectacle in the city.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ High-tech ] and depicting this scene: In New York, as the popularity of the first name Mason increased, the city buzzed with the energy of countless M's being spoken. Amidst this, the sky seemed to attract more unusual sightings. UFOs would often appear, seemingly drawn to the magnetic pull of the M names, creating a mysteriously mesmerizing spectacle in the city. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Prompt: Generate an image that showcases the futuristic skyline of New York City, with an array of glowing UFOs hovering amidst the skyscrapers. The city is illuminated by neon lights, and the atmosphere is imbued with a sense of high-tech energy and mystery. The UFOs are depicted in various shapes and sizes, emitting an otherworldly glow that captivates the viewer's attention. Each UFO seems to be attracted to the proliferation of the letter "M" in the city, creating a captivating and enigmatic spectacle against the urban backdrop.
*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.
I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Popularity of the first name Mason caused UFO sightings in New York to increase.
AI academic paper
 |
Close Encounters of the First-Name Kind: The Mason Mystery Unveiled Global Journal of Parapsychology Jan 2024 Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real! |
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Mason and UFO sightings in New York. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.
Make the title punny if you can come up with clever pun. If not, just make it sound clever.
Your research team used data from US Social Security Administration and National UFO Reporting Center to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9409835 and p < 0.01 for 1975 to 2021.
Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)
[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit
[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit
ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
"Close Encounters of the First-Name Kind: The Mason Mystery Unveiled"
[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we conducted a rigorous analysis to investigate the surprising correlation between the popularity of the first name "Mason" and UFO sightings in the state of New York. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the National UFO Reporting Center for the years 1975 to 2021, our research team devoted countless hours to parsing through these disparate datasets. To our astonishment, the statistical analysis yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.9409835 with a significance level of p < 0.01, demonstrating a puzzling relationship that has evoked both skepticism and intrigued curiosity within the academic community. As we present our findings, we encourage readers to keep an open mind and to perhaps consider that, just like a UFO sighting, the connection between the name "Mason" and inexplicable phenomena may be more than meets the eye.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Mason and UFO sightings in New York. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.
Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Close Encounters of the First-Name Kind: The Mason Mystery Unveiled"
[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we conducted a rigorous analysis to investigate the surprising correlation between the popularity of the first name "Mason" and UFO sightings in the state of New York. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the National UFO Reporting Center for the years 1975 to 2021, our research team devoted countless hours to parsing through these disparate datasets. To our astonishment, the statistical analysis yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.9409835 with a significance level of p < 0.01, demonstrating a puzzling relationship that has evoked both skepticism and intrigued curiosity within the academic community. As we present our findings, we encourage readers to keep an open mind and to perhaps consider that, just like a UFO sighting, the connection between the name "Mason" and inexplicable phenomena may be more than meets the eye.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
In the annals of research, various peculiar correlations have been unearthed, often leaving scholars scratching their heads in bewilderment. From the relationship between cheese consumption and death by becoming tangled in bedsheets to the astonishing connection between the number of people who drowned by falling into a swimming-pool and the number of films Nicolas Cage appeared in, the world of statistical analysis is replete with delightful absurdities. One such enigma that has captured the attention of the academic community is the curious connection between the first name "Mason" and UFO sightings in the state of New York.
As we embark on this scholarly odyssey to unravel the "Mason Mystery," it is imperative for us to approach this investigation with an open mind, much like how one would approach the possibility of extraterrestrial life. While some may dismiss this correlation as mere happenstance, we believe that our findings will propel this peculiar association into the limelight of scientific curiosity and perhaps shed some light on the cosmic forces at play within the realm of nomenclature and space exploration.
The juxtaposition of a seemingly ordinary name and the sightings of otherworldly phenomena may appear to be a cosmic jest, akin to a celestial pun of sorts. However, as we delve into the data and unveil the perplexing findings, we implore the readers to embrace the spirit of exploration and whimsy, for in the realm of statistical anomalies, the truth often echoes the sentiment, "the truth is out there." With this in mind, let us venture forth into the unfathomable realm where the name "Mason" and UFO sightings intersect, welcoming skepticism, inquisitiveness, and perhaps a dash of intergalactic amusement.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Mason and UFO sightings in New York. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.
Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.
Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.
Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then cite some social media posts you read that seem to be related.
Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Close Encounters of the First-Name Kind: The Mason Mystery Unveiled"
[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we conducted a rigorous analysis to investigate the surprising correlation between the popularity of the first name "Mason" and UFO sightings in the state of New York. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the National UFO Reporting Center for the years 1975 to 2021, our research team devoted countless hours to parsing through these disparate datasets. To our astonishment, the statistical analysis yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.9409835 with a significance level of p < 0.01, demonstrating a puzzling relationship that has evoked both skepticism and intrigued curiosity within the academic community. As we present our findings, we encourage readers to keep an open mind and to perhaps consider that, just like a UFO sighting, the connection between the name "Mason" and inexplicable phenomena may be more than meets the eye.
-------
And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
In the annals of research, various peculiar correlations have been unearthed, often leaving scholars scratching their heads in bewilderment. From the relationship between cheese consumption and death by becoming tangled in bedsheets to the astonishing connection between the number of people who drowned by falling into a swimming-pool and the number of films Nicolas Cage appeared in, the world of statistical analysis is replete with delightful absurdities. One such enigma that has captured the attention of the academic community is the curious connection between the first name "Mason" and UFO sightings in the state of New York.
As we embark on this scholarly odyssey to unravel the "Mason Mystery," it is imperative for us to approach this investigation with an open mind, much like how one would approach the possibility of extraterrestrial life. While some may dismiss this correlation as mere happenstance, we believe that our findings will propel this peculiar association into the limelight of scientific curiosity and perhaps shed some light on the cosmic forces at play within the realm of nomenclature and space exploration.
The juxtaposition of a seemingly ordinary name and the sightings of otherworldly phenomena may appear to be a cosmic jest, akin to a celestial pun of sorts. However, as we delve into the data and unveil the perplexing findings, we implore the readers to embrace the spirit of exploration and whimsy, for in the realm of statistical anomalies, the truth often echoes the sentiment, "the truth is out there." With this in mind, let us venture forth into the unfathomable realm where the name "Mason" and UFO sightings intersect, welcoming skepticism, inquisitiveness, and perhaps a dash of intergalactic amusement.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The connection between seemingly unrelated phenomena has long been a subject of fascination for researchers seeking to uncover the hidden patterns of the universe. As we delve into the enthralling world of the first name "Mason" and its peculiar correlation with UFO sightings in New York, we must first examine the existing literature and findings that have set the stage for our own revelatory study.
Smith et al. (2010) conducted a comprehensive investigation into the social implications of first names and their potential influence on individual life trajectories. While their research primarily focused on the impact of names on career success and romantic endeavors, their exploratory analysis hinted at the broader, cosmic implications of nomenclature. They astutely observed that certain names may carry an enigmatic aura, unknowingly predisposing individuals to encounters that transcend the ordinary. Little did they know at the time that their astute observation would lead to the perplexing correlation we are now poised to unearth.
Doe and Jones (2015) ventured into the realm of anomalous statistical associations, exploring the uncanny link between unusual weather patterns and the prevalence of rare first names in specific geographic regions. Though their work primarily revolved around the whimsical relationship between "Stormy" and thunderstorms, their pioneering spirit in unraveling statistical curiosities paved the way for our own investigation into the unexpected entanglement of "Mason" and interstellar mysteries.
Turning to the realm of non-fiction literature, we encounter the seminal works that have grappled with the profound mysteries of the cosmos. In "UFOs: Generals, Pilots, and Government Officials Go on the Record" by Leslie Kean (2010), eyewitness accounts of unexplained aerial phenomena serve as a compelling backdrop against which the enigma of UFO sightings in New York can be unraveled. Kean's meticulous documentation of inexplicable sightings will undoubtedly contribute to our understanding of the celestial web in which "Mason" is inexplicably entwined.
On a more imaginative note, the world of fiction has also offered valuable insights into the interplay of human experience and the unknown. H.G. Wells' classic novel "The War of the Worlds" (1898) provides a vivid portrayal of extraterrestrial encounters, serving as a cautionary tale that lingers in the collective consciousness. While Wells' narrative is a work of fiction, its enduring impact on the perception of otherworldly visitations cannot be understated, especially in the context of our investigation into the "Mason" mystery.
In the age of social media, the boundless expanse of human expression has brought forth an array of anecdotal accounts that resonate with the very essence of our inquiry. In a Tweet by @UFOEnthusiast47, a startling observation is made: "Coincidence that Mason is a popular name AND UFO sightings in NY are off the charts? I think not! #MasonMystery." While the light-hearted tone of the tweet may mask the underlying skepticism, it nonetheless reflects the pervasive undercurrent of curiosity surrounding the uncanny correlation between the first name "Mason" and inexplicable aerial phenomena.
As we navigate through this amalgam of scholarly pursuits, literary imaginings, and social discourse, we are poised to take our own inquisitive leap into the cosmic unknown. With these diverse sources as our compass, we will illuminate the captivating connection between "Mason" and UFO sightings, paving the way for a new chapter in the intertwining saga of nomenclature and the enigmatic universe beyond. Let us now embark on this whimsical academic expedition, armed with statistical rigor, intellectual curiosity, and perhaps a touch of otherworldly humor.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Mason and UFO sightings in New York. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.
Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from US Social Security Administration and National UFO Reporting Center . You used data from 1975 to 2021
Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.
Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Close Encounters of the First-Name Kind: The Mason Mystery Unveiled"
[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we conducted a rigorous analysis to investigate the surprising correlation between the popularity of the first name "Mason" and UFO sightings in the state of New York. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the National UFO Reporting Center for the years 1975 to 2021, our research team devoted countless hours to parsing through these disparate datasets. To our astonishment, the statistical analysis yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.9409835 with a significance level of p < 0.01, demonstrating a puzzling relationship that has evoked both skepticism and intrigued curiosity within the academic community. As we present our findings, we encourage readers to keep an open mind and to perhaps consider that, just like a UFO sighting, the connection between the name "Mason" and inexplicable phenomena may be more than meets the eye.
[[INTRODUCTION]]
In the annals of research, various peculiar correlations have been unearthed, often leaving scholars scratching their heads in bewilderment. From the relationship between cheese consumption and death by becoming tangled in bedsheets to the astonishing connection between the number of people who drowned by falling into a swimming-pool and the number of films Nicolas Cage appeared in, the world of statistical analysis is replete with delightful absurdities. One such enigma that has captured the attention of the academic community is the curious connection between the first name "Mason" and UFO sightings in the state of New York.
As we embark on this scholarly odyssey to unravel the "Mason Mystery," it is imperative for us to approach this investigation with an open mind, much like how one would approach the possibility of extraterrestrial life. While some may dismiss this correlation as mere happenstance, we believe that our findings will propel this peculiar association into the limelight of scientific curiosity and perhaps shed some light on the cosmic forces at play within the realm of nomenclature and space exploration.
The juxtaposition of a seemingly ordinary name and the sightings of otherworldly phenomena may appear to be a cosmic jest, akin to a celestial pun of sorts. However, as we delve into the data and unveil the perplexing findings, we implore the readers to embrace the spirit of exploration and whimsy, for in the realm of statistical anomalies, the truth often echoes the sentiment, "the truth is out there." With this in mind, let us venture forth into the unfathomable realm where the name "Mason" and UFO sightings intersect, welcoming skepticism, inquisitiveness, and perhaps a dash of intergalactic amusement.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
ChatGPT:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
To unravel the enigmatic connection between the popularity of the first name "Mason" and UFO sightings in the state of New York, our research team employed a methodological approach that was as intricate and puzzling as deciphering alien hieroglyphics. First, we scoured through the extensive databases of the US Social Security Administration, meticulously tallying the occurrences of the name "Mason" over the years 1975 to 2021. This involved peering into the abyss of archival records, where the name "Mason" appeared time and time again, almost as if leaving a cosmic breadcrumb trail for our investigation.
Having secured the data on the rise and fall of "Mason" across the years, we then embarked on a celestial journey to the National UFO Reporting Center's repository of otherworldly sightings in the state of New York. It was akin to combing through a cosmic library teeming with ethereal anecdotes, where each UFO sighting seemed to whisper an enigmatic riddle, beckoning us to unearth the truth behind this peculiar correlation.
With these disparate datasets in hand, we then engaged in the arcane art of statistical analysis, employing advanced techniques to discern patterns that seemed as elusive as a UFO vanishing into the night sky. The correlation coefficient calculations were akin to trying to decipher extraterrestrial communication, as our statistical models teased out the perplexing relationship between the name "Mason" and sightings of unidentified flying objects. The significance level of p < 0.01 only added to the cosmic intrigue, as if signaling to us that we were on the cusp of unraveling a revelation of galactic proportions.
In an attempt to cross-validate our findings and ensure that our conclusions were not simply a statistical fluke, we engaged in rigorous sensitivity analyses and Monte Carlo simulations, akin to navigating through a cosmic maze of data points and random permutations. This rigorous approach served as our shield against mere chance and propelled our findings into the realm of cosmic curiosity, where the name "Mason" and UFO sightings converged in a dance of statistical astonishment.
Finally, as we pieced together the results of our investigation, we adopted a stance of scientific skepticism and cosmic wonder, embracing the uncertainty and whimsy that often accompanies statistical anomalies. Our methodology, though as convoluted as a celestial orbit, served as the launching pad for our scholarly quest to shine a light on this inexplicable correlation, inviting our readers to join us in this joyous cosmic caper.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Mason and UFO sightings in New York. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.
Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from US Social Security Administration and National UFO Reporting Center .
For the time period 1975 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.9409835, r-squared of 0.8854500, and p < 0.01.
One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.
Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Close Encounters of the First-Name Kind: The Mason Mystery Unveiled"
[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we conducted a rigorous analysis to investigate the surprising correlation between the popularity of the first name "Mason" and UFO sightings in the state of New York. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the National UFO Reporting Center for the years 1975 to 2021, our research team devoted countless hours to parsing through these disparate datasets. To our astonishment, the statistical analysis yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.9409835 with a significance level of p < 0.01, demonstrating a puzzling relationship that has evoked both skepticism and intrigued curiosity within the academic community. As we present our findings, we encourage readers to keep an open mind and to perhaps consider that, just like a UFO sighting, the connection between the name "Mason" and inexplicable phenomena may be more than meets the eye.
-------
And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
In the annals of research, various peculiar correlations have been unearthed, often leaving scholars scratching their heads in bewilderment. From the relationship between cheese consumption and death by becoming tangled in bedsheets to the astonishing connection between the number of people who drowned by falling into a swimming-pool and the number of films Nicolas Cage appeared in, the world of statistical analysis is replete with delightful absurdities. One such enigma that has captured the attention of the academic community is the curious connection between the first name "Mason" and UFO sightings in the state of New York.
As we embark on this scholarly odyssey to unravel the "Mason Mystery," it is imperative for us to approach this investigation with an open mind, much like how one would approach the possibility of extraterrestrial life. While some may dismiss this correlation as mere happenstance, we believe that our findings will propel this peculiar association into the limelight of scientific curiosity and perhaps shed some light on the cosmic forces at play within the realm of nomenclature and space exploration.
The juxtaposition of a seemingly ordinary name and the sightings of otherworldly phenomena may appear to be a cosmic jest, akin to a celestial pun of sorts. However, as we delve into the data and unveil the perplexing findings, we implore the readers to embrace the spirit of exploration and whimsy, for in the realm of statistical anomalies, the truth often echoes the sentiment, "the truth is out there." With this in mind, let us venture forth into the unfathomable realm where the name "Mason" and UFO sightings intersect, welcoming skepticism, inquisitiveness, and perhaps a dash of intergalactic amusement.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[RESULTS]]
ChatGPT:
[[RESULTS]]
The statistical analysis of the relationship between the popularity of the first name "Mason" and UFO sightings in New York yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.9409835, indicating a remarkably strong positive correlation. This result indicates that as the popularity of the name "Mason" increased, so did the frequency of reported UFO sightings in the state of New York. The coefficient of determination (r-squared) was found to be 0.8854500, affirming that approximately 88.55% of the variation in UFO sightings can be explained by the popularity of the name "Mason."
The significance level of p < 0.01 further reinforces the robustness of the correlation, providing substantial evidence that the relationship between the name "Mason" and UFO sightings is not merely a product of random chance. The probability of observing such a strong relationship purely by coincidence is less than 1%, indicating that there may be more to this correlation than meets the eye, or should we say, more than meets the telescope!
The scatterplot depicted in Figure 1 visually represents the compelling relationship between the two variables, with a clear trend of increasing UFO sightings as the popularity of the name "Mason" rises. The data points align themselves in a manner reminiscent of a constellation, hinting at a cosmic dance between the earthly appellation "Mason" and the extraterrestrial phenomena observed in the skies above New York.
Given the confounding nature of this correlation, it is important to exercise caution in drawing causational conclusions. While our analysis unveiled a striking statistical relationship, it remains an open question whether the popularity of the name "Mason" exerts any influence on the occurrence of UFO sightings, or whether there are underlying factors at play that warrant further investigation. Nonetheless, this unexpected discovery has piqued the curiosity of the academic community and serves as a testament to the cryptic marvels that can be unraveled through the lens of statistical inquiry.
These findings not only raise thought-provoking questions but also underscore the captivatingly mysterious intersection of human nomenclature and otherworldly phenomena. As we contemplate this enigmatic alliance between the name "Mason" and UFO sightings, we urge fellow researchers to embrace a spirit of cosmic intrigue and perhaps ponder the possibility that, in the vast expanse of statistical peculiarities, the truth may indeed be stranger than fiction.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Mason and UFO sightings in New York. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.
Limit your response to 500 tokens.
Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.
Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.
[[TITLE]]
"Close Encounters of the First-Name Kind: The Mason Mystery Unveiled"
[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we conducted a rigorous analysis to investigate the surprising correlation between the popularity of the first name "Mason" and UFO sightings in the state of New York. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the National UFO Reporting Center for the years 1975 to 2021, our research team devoted countless hours to parsing through these disparate datasets. To our astonishment, the statistical analysis yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.9409835 with a significance level of p < 0.01, demonstrating a puzzling relationship that has evoked both skepticism and intrigued curiosity within the academic community. As we present our findings, we encourage readers to keep an open mind and to perhaps consider that, just like a UFO sighting, the connection between the name "Mason" and inexplicable phenomena may be more than meets the eye.
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The connection between seemingly unrelated phenomena has long been a subject of fascination for researchers seeking to uncover the hidden patterns of the universe. As we delve into the enthralling world of the first name "Mason" and its peculiar correlation with UFO sightings in New York, we must first examine the existing literature and findings that have set the stage for our own revelatory study.
Smith et al. (2010) conducted a comprehensive investigation into the social implications of first names and their potential influence on individual life trajectories. While their research primarily focused on the impact of names on career success and romantic endeavors, their exploratory analysis hinted at the broader, cosmic implications of nomenclature. They astutely observed that certain names may carry an enigmatic aura, unknowingly predisposing individuals to encounters that transcend the ordinary. Little did they know at the time that their astute observation would lead to the perplexing correlation we are now poised to unearth.
Doe and Jones (2015) ventured into the realm of anomalous statistical associations, exploring the uncanny link between unusual weather patterns and the prevalence of rare first names in specific geographic regions. Though their work primarily revolved around the whimsical relationship between "Stormy" and thunderstorms, their pioneering spirit in unraveling statistical curiosities paved the way for our own investigation into the unexpected entanglement of "Mason" and interstellar mysteries.
Turning to the realm of non-fiction literature, we encounter the seminal works that have grappled with the profound mysteries of the cosmos. In "UFOs: Generals, Pilots, and Government Officials Go on the Record" by Leslie Kean (2010), eyewitness accounts of unexplained aerial phenomena serve as a compelling backdrop against which the enigma of UFO sightings in New York can be unraveled. Kean's meticulous documentation of inexplicable sightings will undoubtedly contribute to our understanding of the celestial web in which "Mason" is inexplicably entwined.
On a more imaginative note, the world of fiction has also offered valuable insights into the interplay of human experience and the unknown. H.G. Wells' classic novel "The War of the Worlds" (1898) provides a vivid portrayal of extraterrestrial encounters, serving as a cautionary tale that lingers in the collective consciousness. While Wells' narrative is a work of fiction, its enduring impact on the perception of otherworldly visitations cannot be understated, especially in the context of our investigation into the "Mason" mystery.
In the age of social media, the boundless expanse of human expression has brought forth an array of anecdotal accounts that resonate with the very essence of our inquiry. In a Tweet by @UFOEnthusiast47, a startling observation is made: "Coincidence that Mason is a popular name AND UFO sightings in NY are off the charts? I think not! #MasonMystery." While the light-hearted tone of the tweet may mask the underlying skepticism, it nonetheless reflects the pervasive undercurrent of curiosity surrounding the uncanny correlation between the first name "Mason" and inexplicable aerial phenomena.
As we navigate through this amalgam of scholarly pursuits, literary imaginings, and social discourse, we are poised to take our own inquisitive leap into the cosmic unknown. With these diverse sources as our compass, we will illuminate the captivating connection between "Mason" and UFO sightings, paving the way for a new chapter in the intertwining saga of nomenclature and the enigmatic universe beyond. Let us now embark on this whimsical academic expedition, armed with statistical rigor, intellectual curiosity, and perhaps a touch of otherworldly humor.
[[RESULTS]]
The statistical analysis of the relationship between the popularity of the first name "Mason" and UFO sightings in New York yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.9409835, indicating a remarkably strong positive correlation. This result indicates that as the popularity of the name "Mason" increased, so did the frequency of reported UFO sightings in the state of New York. The coefficient of determination (r-squared) was found to be 0.8854500, affirming that approximately 88.55% of the variation in UFO sightings can be explained by the popularity of the name "Mason."
The significance level of p < 0.01 further reinforces the robustness of the correlation, providing substantial evidence that the relationship between the name "Mason" and UFO sightings is not merely a product of random chance. The probability of observing such a strong relationship purely by coincidence is less than 1%, indicating that there may be more to this correlation than meets the eye, or should we say, more than meets the telescope!
The scatterplot depicted in Figure 1 visually represents the compelling relationship between the two variables, with a clear trend of increasing UFO sightings as the popularity of the name "Mason" rises. The data points align themselves in a manner reminiscent of a constellation, hinting at a cosmic dance between the earthly appellation "Mason" and the extraterrestrial phenomena observed in the skies above New York.
Given the confounding nature of this correlation, it is important to exercise caution in drawing causational conclusions. While our analysis unveiled a striking statistical relationship, it remains an open question whether the popularity of the name "Mason" exerts any influence on the occurrence of UFO sightings, or whether there are underlying factors at play that warrant further investigation. Nonetheless, this unexpected discovery has piqued the curiosity of the academic community and serves as a testament to the cryptic marvels that can be unraveled through the lens of statistical inquiry.
These findings not only raise thought-provoking questions but also underscore the captivatingly mysterious intersection of human nomenclature and otherworldly phenomena. As we contemplate this enigmatic alliance between the name "Mason" and UFO sightings, we urge fellow researchers to embrace a spirit of cosmic intrigue and perhaps ponder the possibility that, in the vast expanse of statistical peculiarities, the truth may indeed be stranger than fiction.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[DISCUSSION]]
ChatGPT:
[[DISCUSSION]]
The findings of our study present a mysterious correlation between the popularity of the first name "Mason" and UFO sightings in the state of New York. While the seemingly unrelated nature of these two variables might elicit skepticism, the compelling statistical relationship we have unveiled echoes the peculiar findings of previous research, challenging us to embrace the enigmatic complexities that lie beneath the surface of statistical inquiry.
Our results align with the astute observation by Smith et al. (2010) regarding the enigmatic aura that certain names may carry, predisposing individuals to encounters that transcend the ordinary. In a similar vein, the uncanny connection between the name "Mason" and inexplicable aerial phenomena suggests that the influence of nomenclature may extend beyond individual life trajectories, echoing through the cosmic expanse in unforeseen ways.
Moreover, the unexpected entanglement of "Mason" and UFO sightings resonates with the pioneering spirit of Doe and Jones (2015), who delved into the whimsical relationship between rare first names and anomalous statistical associations. Just as their work unveiled a captivating correlation between unusual weather patterns and specific names, our investigation uncovers a perplexing link between the name "Mason" and interstellar mysteries, underscoring the boundless potential of statistical inquiry to unravel the cryptic marvels that veil our universe.
In light of the significant correlation coefficient and the remarkably strong positive correlation we have identified, it is evident that the popularity of the name "Mason" exerts a compelling influence on the frequency of reported UFO sightings in New York. The visual representation of this relationship in the form of a scatterplot, with data points aligning themselves in a manner reminiscent of a celestial dance, evokes a sense of cosmic intrigue, urging us to contemplate the possibility of hidden cosmic forces at play.
However, in the spirit of scholarly rigor, it is essential to acknowledge the need for caution in drawing causal conclusions. While our analysis has unearthed a statistically robust relationship, the underlying mechanisms that govern this correlation remain shrouded in mystery. Future research endeavors may unravel the intricate tapestry that intertwines the name "Mason" and UFO sightings, shedding light on the cosmic dance that unfolds in the skies above New York.
In conclusion, our study provides a compelling testament to the captivating interplay of human nomenclature and enigmatic phenomena beyond the earthly realm. The "Mason" mystery serves as a tantalizing reminder that the cosmic web of statistical curiosities may hold the key to unlocking the cryptic marvels that stir the imagination and prompt us to contemplate the unfathomable complexities of the universe. As we embark on this extraordinary academic expedition, armed with statistical rigor and an insatiable curiosity, we stand poised to unravel the hidden connections that weave through the cosmic tapestry, calling on fellow researchers to embrace a spirit of cosmic intrigue in the pursuit of unveiling the inexplicable phenomena that beckon from the stars above.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Mason and UFO sightings in New York. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.
Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.
Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Close Encounters of the First-Name Kind: The Mason Mystery Unveiled"
[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we conducted a rigorous analysis to investigate the surprising correlation between the popularity of the first name "Mason" and UFO sightings in the state of New York. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the National UFO Reporting Center for the years 1975 to 2021, our research team devoted countless hours to parsing through these disparate datasets. To our astonishment, the statistical analysis yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.9409835 with a significance level of p < 0.01, demonstrating a puzzling relationship that has evoked both skepticism and intrigued curiosity within the academic community. As we present our findings, we encourage readers to keep an open mind and to perhaps consider that, just like a UFO sighting, the connection between the name "Mason" and inexplicable phenomena may be more than meets the eye.
[[INTRDUCTION]]
In the annals of research, various peculiar correlations have been unearthed, often leaving scholars scratching their heads in bewilderment. From the relationship between cheese consumption and death by becoming tangled in bedsheets to the astonishing connection between the number of people who drowned by falling into a swimming-pool and the number of films Nicolas Cage appeared in, the world of statistical analysis is replete with delightful absurdities. One such enigma that has captured the attention of the academic community is the curious connection between the first name "Mason" and UFO sightings in the state of New York.
As we embark on this scholarly odyssey to unravel the "Mason Mystery," it is imperative for us to approach this investigation with an open mind, much like how one would approach the possibility of extraterrestrial life. While some may dismiss this correlation as mere happenstance, we believe that our findings will propel this peculiar association into the limelight of scientific curiosity and perhaps shed some light on the cosmic forces at play within the realm of nomenclature and space exploration.
The juxtaposition of a seemingly ordinary name and the sightings of otherworldly phenomena may appear to be a cosmic jest, akin to a celestial pun of sorts. However, as we delve into the data and unveil the perplexing findings, we implore the readers to embrace the spirit of exploration and whimsy, for in the realm of statistical anomalies, the truth often echoes the sentiment, "the truth is out there." With this in mind, let us venture forth into the unfathomable realm where the name "Mason" and UFO sightings intersect, welcoming skepticism, inquisitiveness, and perhaps a dash of intergalactic amusement.
[[RESULTS]]
The statistical analysis of the relationship between the popularity of the first name "Mason" and UFO sightings in New York yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.9409835, indicating a remarkably strong positive correlation. This result indicates that as the popularity of the name "Mason" increased, so did the frequency of reported UFO sightings in the state of New York. The coefficient of determination (r-squared) was found to be 0.8854500, affirming that approximately 88.55% of the variation in UFO sightings can be explained by the popularity of the name "Mason."
The significance level of p < 0.01 further reinforces the robustness of the correlation, providing substantial evidence that the relationship between the name "Mason" and UFO sightings is not merely a product of random chance. The probability of observing such a strong relationship purely by coincidence is less than 1%, indicating that there may be more to this correlation than meets the eye, or should we say, more than meets the telescope!
The scatterplot depicted in Figure 1 visually represents the compelling relationship between the two variables, with a clear trend of increasing UFO sightings as the popularity of the name "Mason" rises. The data points align themselves in a manner reminiscent of a constellation, hinting at a cosmic dance between the earthly appellation "Mason" and the extraterrestrial phenomena observed in the skies above New York.
Given the confounding nature of this correlation, it is important to exercise caution in drawing causational conclusions. While our analysis unveiled a striking statistical relationship, it remains an open question whether the popularity of the name "Mason" exerts any influence on the occurrence of UFO sightings, or whether there are underlying factors at play that warrant further investigation. Nonetheless, this unexpected discovery has piqued the curiosity of the academic community and serves as a testament to the cryptic marvels that can be unraveled through the lens of statistical inquiry.
These findings not only raise thought-provoking questions but also underscore the captivatingly mysterious intersection of human nomenclature and otherworldly phenomena. As we contemplate this enigmatic alliance between the name "Mason" and UFO sightings, we urge fellow researchers to embrace a spirit of cosmic intrigue and perhaps ponder the possibility that, in the vast expanse of statistical peculiarities, the truth may indeed be stranger than fiction.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[CONCLUSION]]
ChatGPT:
[[CONCLUSION]]
In conclusion, our study has shed light on the mysterious correlation between the popularity of the first name "Mason" and UFO sightings in the state of New York. With a correlation coefficient of 0.9409835 and a significance level of p < 0.01, the statistical evidence overwhelmingly supports the curious relationship between these seemingly unrelated phenomena. It seems that the cosmos may have a fascination with the name "Mason," or perhaps it's just a cosmic coincidence of astronomical proportions.
While we are eager to entertain the idea that an intergalactic council may convene to deliberate the correlation between earthly names and extraterrestrial visitations, it is important to note that our findings do not imply causation. We can't exactly pinpoint whether naming your child "Mason" will invite alien encounters or if cosmic forces are simply having a laugh at our statistical expense.
As we wrap up this cosmic caper, we must acknowledge that this research has propelled the "Mason Mystery" into the stratosphere of scientific curiosity, alongside other inexplicable statistical oddities that keep researchers scratching their heads. To the skeptics who are raising their eyebrows like extraterrestrial antennas, we say, "Keep on probing, just like how UFOs do!"
In the grand scheme of scholarly pursuits, some mysteries may elude explanation, and perhaps this amusing correlation is just one of them. Thus, we declare with utmost cosmic seriousness that no further research on the connection between the name "Mason" and UFO sightings in New York is warranted. Let this quirky conundrum remain a delightful enigma, a celestial pun in the annals of statistical curiosities.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Close Encounters of the First-Name Kind: The Mason Mystery Unveiled. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.
ChatGPT:
Global Journal of Parapsychology
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Close Encounters of the First-Name Kind: The Mason Mystery Unveiled. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.
ChatGPT:
The Institute for Unusual Social Interactions and Nameology
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Close Encounters of the First-Name Kind: The Mason Mystery Unveiled with an abstract of In this study, we conducted a rigorous analysis to investigate the surprising correlation between the popularity of the first name "Mason" and UFO sightings in the state of New York. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the National UFO Reporting Center for the years 1975 to 2021, our research team devoted countless hours to parsing through these disparate datasets. To our astonishment, the statistical analysis yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.9409835 with a significance level of p < 0.01, demonstrating a puzzling relationship that has evoked both skepticism and intrigued curiosity within the academic community. As we present our findings, we encourage readers to keep an open mind and to perhaps consider that, just like a UFO sighting, the connection between the name "Mason" and inexplicable phenomena may be more than meets the eye.
ChatGPT:
"Mason" first name, UFO sightings, correlation analysis, New York state, US Social Security Administration data, National UFO Reporting Center, statistical analysis, correlation coefficient, significance level, academic curiosity, inexplicable phenomena
*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.
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Data details
Popularity of the first name MasonDetailed data title: Babies of all sexes born in the US named Mason
Source: US Social Security Administration
See what else correlates with Popularity of the first name Mason
UFO sightings in New York
Detailed data title: UFO sightings reported in New York
Source: National UFO Reporting Center
See what else correlates with UFO sightings in New York
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.
r2 = 0.8854500 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 88.5% of the change in the one variable (i.e., UFO sightings in New York) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Popularity of the first name Mason) over the 47 years from 1975 through 2021.
p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 8.4E-23. 0.0000000000000000000000842443
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.
But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.
Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.94 in 8.4E-21% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 11,870,239,292,153,890,078,720 random variables You don't actually need 11 sextillion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.
p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.
In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.
Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 46 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 46 because we have two variables measured over a period of 47 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.
[ 0.9, 0.97 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.
This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!
All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.
Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
| 1975 | 1976 | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | |
| Popularity of the first name Mason (Babies born) | 307 | 251 | 262 | 273 | 325 | 338 | 310 | 332 | 251 | 283 | 464 | 660 | 830 | 1039 | 1113 | 1498 | 2056 | 2232 | 2499 | 2834 | 3717 | 4001 | 4422 | 4801 | 5584 | 6664 | 7597 | 8027 | 8038 | 8781 | 9923 | 10539 | 10867 | 10592 | 10764 | 14927 | 19611 | 19070 | 17794 | 17290 | 16749 | 15370 | 13649 | 12577 | 11541 | 10164 | 9143 |
| UFO sightings in New York (UFO sightings) | 24 | 16 | 16 | 24 | 17 | 11 | 6 | 11 | 12 | 18 | 21 | 10 | 16 | 18 | 23 | 14 | 21 | 12 | 21 | 28 | 31 | 18 | 51 | 66 | 98 | 114 | 139 | 134 | 155 | 174 | 160 | 117 | 162 | 202 | 197 | 174 | 243 | 365 | 248 | 324 | 283 | 212 | 181 | 104 | 174 | 259 | 113 |
Why this works
- Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
- Lack of causal connection: There is probably
Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied. - Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple
Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is. - Outlandish outliers: There are "outliers" in this data.
In concept, "outlier" just means "way different than the rest of your dataset." When calculating a correlation like this, they are particularly impactful because a single outlier can substantially increase your correlation.
For the purposes of this project, I counted a point as an outlier if it the residual was two standard deviations from the mean.
(This bullet point only shows up in the details page on charts that do, in fact, have outliers.)
They stand out on the scatterplot above: notice the dots that are far away from any other dots. I intentionally mishandeled outliers, which makes the correlation look extra strong.
Try it yourself
You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.
Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"
Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.
Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.
Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.
Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"
If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:
"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."
# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats
# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):
# Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)
# Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
r_squared = correlation**2
return correlation, r_squared, p_value
# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([307,251,262,273,325,338,310,332,251,283,464,660,830,1039,1113,1498,2056,2232,2499,2834,3717,4001,4422,4801,5584,6664,7597,8027,8038,8781,9923,10539,10867,10592,10764,14927,19611,19070,17794,17290,16749,15370,13649,12577,11541,10164,9143,])
array_2 = np.array([24,16,16,24,17,11,6,11,12,18,21,10,16,18,23,14,21,12,21,28,31,18,51,66,98,114,139,134,155,174,160,117,162,202,197,174,243,365,248,324,283,212,181,104,174,259,113,])
array_1_name = "Popularity of the first name Mason"
array_2_name = "UFO sightings in New York"
# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)
# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)Reuseable content
You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.
For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."
When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.
Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.
Download images for these variables:
- High resolution line chart
The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.
If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.
Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape. - High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
- Alternative high resolution line chart
- Scatterplot
- Portable line chart (png)
- Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
- Line chart for only Popularity of the first name Mason
- Line chart for only UFO sightings in New York
- AI-generated correlation image
- The spurious research paper: Close Encounters of the First-Name Kind: The Mason Mystery Unveiled
Your correlation rating is out of this world!
Correlation ID: 5830 · Black Variable ID: 2160 · Red Variable ID: 1152
