Spurious correlation #5,526 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the second variable is Liquefied petroleum gas used in Haiti. The chart goes from 1980 to 2020, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the second variable is Liquefied petroleum gas used in Haiti. The chart goes from 1980 to 2020, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As the support for the Libertarian candidate heated up in Rhode Island, it sparked a chain reaction leading to a surge in enthusiasm for alternative fuels. This burning passion for freedom and smaller government in the Ocean State somehow ignited a wave of interest in LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) in Haiti, creating a 'flame-worthy' connection between political ideology and clean-burning fuel usage. It's a gas-tly good example of how even at a distance, political choices can 'propane' positive change in unexpected ways!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: An image that looks like it is a scene from a Pixar movie, where in Rhode Island, a group of diverse people are shown proudly casting their votes in a picturesque town square. Their enthusiasm for the Libertarian Presidential candidate is depicted through colorful banners and their joyful expressions. As the excitement ignites, vibrant flames of passion and hope are seen flickering around them, symbolizing the energy of their political conviction. Simultaneously, the scene seamlessly transitions across the ocean to Haiti, presenting a lively marketplace where locals are joyfully embracing the use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as an alternative fuel. The vivid colors of the market and the enthusiasm of the locals contrast with the serene ocean backdrop. The connection between political ideology and clean-burning fuel usage becomes evident as the energy of liberty and smaller government in Rhode Island translates into positive change in Haiti, represented by sparkling waves of transformative energy reaching the island. This visual representation conveys the interconnectedness between political action and environmental progress with a touch of animated charm and emotional depth. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island and Liquefied petroleum gas used in Haiti. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Cybernetic art a funny image you would see on reddit Whimsical illustration Data cyber art An image that looks like it is a scene from a Pixar movie
ChatGPT: An image that looks like it is a scene from a Pixar movie

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island and Liquefied petroleum gas used in Haiti, in the following situation: As the support for the Libertarian candidate heated up in Rhode Island, it sparked a chain reaction leading to a surge in enthusiasm for alternative fuels. This burning passion for freedom and smaller government in the Ocean State somehow ignited a wave of interest in LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) in Haiti, creating a 'flame-worthy' connection between political ideology and clean-burning fuel usage. It's a gas-tly good example of how even at a distance, political choices can 'propane' positive change in unexpected ways!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In Rhode Island, a group of people proudly cast their votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate, their enthusiasm igniting like a flame. As the excitement spreads, it somehow travels across the ocean to Haiti, where locals are seen joyfully embracing the use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as an alternative fuel. The connection between political ideology and clean-burning fuel usage becomes evident as the energy of liberty and smaller government in Rhode Island ''propane'' positive change in Haiti.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ An image that looks like it is a scene from a Pixar movie ] and depicting this scene: In Rhode Island, a group of people proudly cast their votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate, their enthusiasm igniting like a flame. As the excitement spreads, it somehow travels across the ocean to Haiti, where locals are seen joyfully embracing the use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as an alternative fuel. The connection between political ideology and clean-burning fuel usage becomes evident as the energy of liberty and smaller government in Rhode Island ''propane'' positive change in Haiti. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: An image that looks like it is a scene from a Pixar movie, where in Rhode Island, a group of diverse people are shown proudly casting their votes in a picturesque town square. Their enthusiasm for the Libertarian Presidential candidate is depicted through colorful banners and their joyful expressions. As the excitement ignites, vibrant flames of passion and hope are seen flickering around them, symbolizing the energy of their political conviction. Simultaneously, the scene seamlessly transitions across the ocean to Haiti, presenting a lively marketplace where locals are joyfully embracing the use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as an alternative fuel. The vivid colors of the market and the enthusiasm of the locals contrast with the serene ocean backdrop. The connection between political ideology and clean-burning fuel usage becomes evident as the energy of liberty and smaller government in Rhode Island translates into positive change in Haiti, represented by sparkling waves of transformative energy reaching the island. This visual representation conveys the interconnectedness between political action and environmental progress with a touch of animated charm and emotional depth.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how increases in Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island positively influenced Liquefied petroleum gas used in Haiti. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Rhode Island Vote for Libertarian Might Elevate Haiti's Propane Fête

The Journal of Political Puzzles

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island and Liquefied petroleum gas used in Haiti. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name some cartoons and childrens' shows that you watched that are related to the topic.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Rhode Island Vote for Libertarian Might Elevate Haiti's Propane Fête

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper scrutinizes the intriguing relationship between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the consumption of liquefied petroleum gas in Haiti. Leveraging data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, we embarked on a rigorous investigation into this seemingly disparate connection. Upon meticulous analysis, a notable correlation coefficient of 0.9133838 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 emerged for the period spanning from 1980 to 2020. Our findings not only shed light on this enigmatic nexus but also hint at the potential for unexpected linkages in the realm of political and energy dynamics.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The interplay between political preferences in Rhode Island and the utilization of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in distant Haiti has long remained an enigma to scholars and observers alike. To further complicate matters, the inclusion of the Libertarian presidential candidate in the electoral landscape introduces a variable that both intrigues and baffles the research community. The implications of such a connection, or lack thereof, present a puzzling conundrum that demands systematic exploration.
In this study, we embark on a scholarly journey that attempts to unpack this convoluted relationship, delving into the realms of statistical analyses and multidisciplinary insights. While this endeavor may appear whimsical at first glance, the underlying aim is steadfastly rooted in the pursuit of knowledge and the unraveling of clandestine associations that lurk beneath the superficial layers of electoral dynamics and energy consumption patterns.
The juxtaposition of votes cast for a political outlier in a specific geographic region with the consumption of LPG in a geographically disparate locale presents an alluring anomaly for scientific inquiry. The mere suggestion of potential causality or correlation prompts a raised eyebrow and an inquisitive tilt of the head, as if to say, "How curious! What unforeseen forces might be at play here?" It is this exact blend of scientific intrigue and perplexing incongruity that propels our investigation into uncharted territories of empirical scrutiny.
With the aid of comprehensive data sourced from reputable repositories, we step into an intricate dance of regression analyses, hypothesis testing, and intricate model specifications. We aim to extract meaningful patterns and unveil lurking connections, all while maintaining a vigilant eye for spurious correlations and the ever-alluring specter of confounding variables.
By no means do we underestimate the inherent complexity and the potential for serendipitous findings that this research endeavor presents. Nonetheless, armed with the tools of rigorous scientific inquiry, and perhaps a dash of scholarly whimsy, we forge ahead in the pursuit of unraveling the unsuspected ties that bind electoral choices in Rhode Island to the propane fête in Haiti.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

Numerous studies have delved into the intricate web of political voting patterns and energy consumption dynamics, but few have ventured into the uncharted territory of exploring the connection between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the consumption of liquefied petroleum gas in Haiti. Nonetheless, the significance of understanding such a seemingly incongruous relationship cannot be overstated.

Smith (2010) elucidates the electoral landscape in Rhode Island, examining the nuances of voter behavior and party affiliations that may serve as a backdrop for the emergence of political outliers. Doe (2015) delves into the energy sector in Haiti, scrutinizing the patterns of liquefied petroleum gas usage and the socio-economic factors that underpin such consumption.

Expanding beyond the realms of academia, several non-fiction books offer insightful perspectives on the role of third-party candidates in elections and the dynamics of propane utilization in developing nations. "The Third-Party Solution: A Historical Analysis" by J. Jones presents an in-depth exploration of the impact of third-party candidates on elections, while "Energy Matters: LPG Consumption in Developing Countries" by A. Smith offers a comprehensive analysis of liquefied petroleum gas usage patterns.

Turning to the world of fiction, the works of Orwell and Huxley provide tantalizing allusions to the intricacies of political systems and societal structures. "1984" by George Orwell and "Brave New World" by Aldous Huxley offer dystopian visions that may serve as contemplative fodder for the unexpected nexus between electoral choices in Rhode Island and propane consumption in Haiti.

While the relevance of cartoons and children's shows in this context may seem dubious, the animated series "Dora the Explorer" and "The Magic School Bus" both feature episodes that touch upon geographical and environmental themes that intersect with the realms of politics and energy dynamics. While their direct relevance may be tenuous, the subtle connections they draw between seemingly disparate domains prompt a reflective pause and an appreciative nod to the potential for unanticipated linkages.

Throughout the annals of scholarly inquiry, the pursuit of knowledge often leads one to unexpected crossroads and serendipitous discoveries. As we wade into this uncharted domain of electoral quirkiness and energy intrigue, a blend of scholarly rigor and imaginative musings guides our expedition.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island and Liquefied petroleum gas used in Haiti. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse and Energy Information Administration . You used data from 1980 to 2020

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Rhode Island Vote for Libertarian Might Elevate Haiti's Propane Fête

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper scrutinizes the intriguing relationship between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the consumption of liquefied petroleum gas in Haiti. Leveraging data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, we embarked on a rigorous investigation into this seemingly disparate connection. Upon meticulous analysis, a notable correlation coefficient of 0.9133838 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 emerged for the period spanning from 1980 to 2020. Our findings not only shed light on this enigmatic nexus but also hint at the potential for unexpected linkages in the realm of political and energy dynamics.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The interplay between political preferences in Rhode Island and the utilization of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in distant Haiti has long remained an enigma to scholars and observers alike. To further complicate matters, the inclusion of the Libertarian presidential candidate in the electoral landscape introduces a variable that both intrigues and baffles the research community. The implications of such a connection, or lack thereof, present a puzzling conundrum that demands systematic exploration.
In this study, we embark on a scholarly journey that attempts to unpack this convoluted relationship, delving into the realms of statistical analyses and multidisciplinary insights. While this endeavor may appear whimsical at first glance, the underlying aim is steadfastly rooted in the pursuit of knowledge and the unraveling of clandestine associations that lurk beneath the superficial layers of electoral dynamics and energy consumption patterns.
The juxtaposition of votes cast for a political outlier in a specific geographic region with the consumption of LPG in a geographically disparate locale presents an alluring anomaly for scientific inquiry. The mere suggestion of potential causality or correlation prompts a raised eyebrow and an inquisitive tilt of the head, as if to say, "How curious! What unforeseen forces might be at play here?" It is this exact blend of scientific intrigue and perplexing incongruity that propels our investigation into uncharted territories of empirical scrutiny.
With the aid of comprehensive data sourced from reputable repositories, we step into an intricate dance of regression analyses, hypothesis testing, and intricate model specifications. We aim to extract meaningful patterns and unveil lurking connections, all while maintaining a vigilant eye for spurious correlations and the ever-alluring specter of confounding variables.
By no means do we underestimate the inherent complexity and the potential for serendipitous findings that this research endeavor presents. Nonetheless, armed with the tools of rigorous scientific inquiry, and perhaps a dash of scholarly whimsy, we forge ahead in the pursuit of unraveling the unsuspected ties that bind electoral choices in Rhode Island to the propane fête in Haiti.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

Data collection for this study commenced with a thorough scouring of the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, the Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration. The dataset regarding votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island was extracted with the utmost precision, ensuring that no stray hanging chads or errant butterfly ballots interfered with the sanctity of the electoral figures. Similarly, the details on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) consumption in Haiti were meticulously sourced, taking care to sift through the data without getting lost in the labyrinth of propane statistics.

To explore the relationship between these disparate variables, a series of convoluted yet elegantly arcane statistical methods were employed. First, a time series analysis was conducted to decipher the temporal patterns of Libertarian votes in Rhode Island and LPG consumption in Haiti, allowing for a nuanced comprehension of the dynamics at play over the past four decades.

Subsequently, a fancy array of regression models, including but not limited to simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, and perhaps a touch of polynomial regression for dramatic effect, were deployed to disentangle the potential associations between the variables. These models were accompanied by a battalion of diagnostic tests, ensuring that no assumptions were violated and that the integrity of the statistical inferences remained unassailable.

Furthermore, the peculiarities of the electoral process and energy dynamics were factored into the analysis through a rigorous exploration of contextual variables. While these additional covariates may have appeared as unwelcome gatecrashers to the statistical party, their inclusion was essential to guard against the surreptitious influence of lurking confounding factors.

Finally, to ascertain the robustness of our findings, a sensitivity analysis was conducted, treating the data to a battery of perturbations and modifications, akin to the careful prodding and poking of a scientific curiosity in its natural habitat. By subjecting the results to such rigorous scrutiny, we aimed to distill the signal from the noise and ensure that the observed relationship between Libertarian votes in Rhode Island and LPG consumption in Haiti was not merely a statistical chimera masquerading as a meaningful pattern.

In summary, the methodology employed in this investigation featured an assemblage of sophisticated statistical techniques and a sprinkle of scholarly whimsy, reflecting a balanced amalgamation of gravitas and scientific playfulness. The ensuing section presents the empirical findings that emerged from this meticulous foray into the convoluted dominion of electoral choices and propane revelry.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island and Liquefied petroleum gas used in Haiti. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Rhode Island Vote for Libertarian Might Elevate Haiti's Propane Fête

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper scrutinizes the intriguing relationship between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the consumption of liquefied petroleum gas in Haiti. Leveraging data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, we embarked on a rigorous investigation into this seemingly disparate connection. Upon meticulous analysis, a notable correlation coefficient of 0.9133838 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 emerged for the period spanning from 1980 to 2020. Our findings not only shed light on this enigmatic nexus but also hint at the potential for unexpected linkages in the realm of political and energy dynamics.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
Numerous studies have delved into the intricate web of political voting patterns and energy consumption dynamics, but few have ventured into the uncharted territory of exploring the connection between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the consumption of liquefied petroleum gas in Haiti. Nonetheless, the significance of understanding such a seemingly incongruous relationship cannot be overstated.
Smith (2010) elucidates the electoral landscape in Rhode Island, examining the nuances of voter behavior and party affiliations that may serve as a backdrop for the emergence of political outliers. Doe (2015) delves into the energy sector in Haiti, scrutinizing the patterns of liquefied petroleum gas usage and the socio-economic factors that underpin such consumption.
Expanding beyond the realms of academia, several non-fiction books offer insightful perspectives on the role of third-party candidates in elections and the dynamics of propane utilization in developing nations. "The Third-Party Solution: A Historical Analysis" by J. Jones presents an in-depth exploration of the impact of third-party candidates on elections, while "Energy Matters: LPG Consumption in Developing Countries" by A. Smith offers a comprehensive analysis of liquefied petroleum gas usage patterns.
Turning to the world of fiction, the works of Orwell and Huxley provide tantalizing allusions to the intricacies of political systems and societal structures. "1984" by George Orwell and "Brave New World" by Aldous Huxley offer dystopian visions that may serve as contemplative fodder for the unexpected nexus between electoral choices in Rhode Island and propane consumption in Haiti.
While the relevance of cartoons and children's shows in this context may seem dubious, the animated series "Dora the Explorer" and "The Magic School Bus" both feature episodes that touch upon geographical and environmental themes that intersect with the realms of politics and energy dynamics. While their direct relevance may be tenuous, the subtle connections they draw between seemingly disparate domains prompt a reflective pause and an appreciative nod to the potential for unanticipated linkages.
Throughout the annals of scholarly inquiry, the pursuit of knowledge often leads one to unexpected crossroads and serendipitous discoveries. As we wade into this uncharted domain of electoral quirkiness and energy intrigue, a blend of scholarly rigor and imaginative musings guides our expedition.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the relationship between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the consumption of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in Haiti yielded some illuminating findings. The correlation coefficient of 0.9133838 indicated a robust positive correlation between these seemingly disparate variables. This correlation implies that as the votes for the Libertarian candidate increased in Rhode Island, the consumption of LPG in Haiti also exhibited a tendency to rise. The high r-squared value of 0.8342699 indicated that approximately 83.43% of the variability in the consumption of LPG in Haiti could be explained by the variation in votes for the Libertarian candidate in Rhode Island.
Figure 1 presents a scatterplot illustrating the strikingly strong correlation between the two variables, providing a visual representation of the pronounced relationship observed in the data. The scatterplot serves as a compelling visual affirmation of the statistical findings, capturing the remarkable alignment between the votes for the Libertarian candidate in Rhode Island and the consumption of LPG in Haiti.
The observed p-value of less than 0.01 provides compelling evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no correlation between these variables. This indicates a statistically significant relationship between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the consumption of LPG in Haiti.
In conclusion, the results of this investigation not only reveal an unexpected and intriguing linkage between seemingly unrelated phenomena but also underscore the potential for serendipitous connections in the intricate web of political and energy dynamics. The findings provoke contemplation on the far-reaching implications of electoral choices in one location on the energy consumption patterns in a geographically distant region, emphasizing the intricacies and hidden connections that pervade the socio-political and energy landscapes.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The significant correlation coefficient of 0.9133838 between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the consumption of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in Haiti offers a remarkable insight into the interplay of seemingly unrelated variables. As we undertake a thorough dissection of these results, we cannot help but be reminded of the prophetic themes present in Orwell's "1984" and Huxley's "Brave New World," where unforeseen interconnections shape the fabric of society. While the notion of electoral choices in Rhode Island influencing the propane consumption landscape in Haiti may initially appear as incongruous as a political cartoon, these findings emphasize the profound influence of individual decisions on global dynamics.

Our analysis reinforces the prior research conducted by Smith (2010), who delved into the electoral landscape in Rhode Island and highlighted the nuances of voter behavior. Indeed, the emergence of outliers and the influence of third-party candidates on political dynamics cannot be underestimated. Each vote cast for a non-traditional candidate may reverberate across borders, creating ripples of influence that extend far beyond the immediate precincts. In a manner akin to a scientific "butterfly effect," the statistical link we have uncovered underscores the far-reaching consequences of seemingly isolated electoral choices.

Similarly, the work of Doe (2015) sheds light on the socio-economic factors underpinning LPG consumption in Haiti, offering a backdrop against which our findings gain resonance. The unexpected nexus we have unearthed aligns with Smith's (2010) comprehensive analysis of propane utilization in developing countries, illustrating the entwined nature of political and energy dynamics. Just as a chemical reaction unfolds in predictable yet intricate ways, the relationship between Rhode Island's political climate and Haiti's energy consumption unveils an underlying coherence that defies initial expectations.

Moreover, our findings subtly echo the thought-provoking thematic intertwinings in children's shows, such as "Dora the Explorer" and "The Magic School Bus," where seemingly disparate domains converge to illuminate unexpected connections. While these references may incite whimsical amusement, they also serve as a contemplative reminder of the intricate tapestry of influences at play in our global landscape.

In essence, our results not only support and extend prior research but also amplify the imperative for holistic and interdisciplinary approaches to understanding societal phenomena. The unanticipated nexus between votes for the Libertarian candidate in Rhode Island and LPG consumption in Haiti underscores the profound implications of local decisions on a global scale. As we navigate the labyrinth of socio-political and energy landscapes, the potential for serendipitous discoveries and inconspicuous relationships remains ever-present, inviting us to embrace the unanticipated with intellectual curiosity and a touch of scientific whimsy.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island and Liquefied petroleum gas used in Haiti. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Rhode Island Vote for Libertarian Might Elevate Haiti's Propane Fête

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper scrutinizes the intriguing relationship between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the consumption of liquefied petroleum gas in Haiti. Leveraging data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, we embarked on a rigorous investigation into this seemingly disparate connection. Upon meticulous analysis, a notable correlation coefficient of 0.9133838 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 emerged for the period spanning from 1980 to 2020. Our findings not only shed light on this enigmatic nexus but also hint at the potential for unexpected linkages in the realm of political and energy dynamics.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The interplay between political preferences in Rhode Island and the utilization of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in distant Haiti has long remained an enigma to scholars and observers alike. To further complicate matters, the inclusion of the Libertarian presidential candidate in the electoral landscape introduces a variable that both intrigues and baffles the research community. The implications of such a connection, or lack thereof, present a puzzling conundrum that demands systematic exploration.
In this study, we embark on a scholarly journey that attempts to unpack this convoluted relationship, delving into the realms of statistical analyses and multidisciplinary insights. While this endeavor may appear whimsical at first glance, the underlying aim is steadfastly rooted in the pursuit of knowledge and the unraveling of clandestine associations that lurk beneath the superficial layers of electoral dynamics and energy consumption patterns.
The juxtaposition of votes cast for a political outlier in a specific geographic region with the consumption of LPG in a geographically disparate locale presents an alluring anomaly for scientific inquiry. The mere suggestion of potential causality or correlation prompts a raised eyebrow and an inquisitive tilt of the head, as if to say, "How curious! What unforeseen forces might be at play here?" It is this exact blend of scientific intrigue and perplexing incongruity that propels our investigation into uncharted territories of empirical scrutiny.
With the aid of comprehensive data sourced from reputable repositories, we step into an intricate dance of regression analyses, hypothesis testing, and intricate model specifications. We aim to extract meaningful patterns and unveil lurking connections, all while maintaining a vigilant eye for spurious correlations and the ever-alluring specter of confounding variables.
By no means do we underestimate the inherent complexity and the potential for serendipitous findings that this research endeavor presents. Nonetheless, armed with the tools of rigorous scientific inquiry, and perhaps a dash of scholarly whimsy, we forge ahead in the pursuit of unraveling the unsuspected ties that bind electoral choices in Rhode Island to the propane fête in Haiti.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the relationship between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the consumption of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in Haiti yielded some illuminating findings. The correlation coefficient of 0.9133838 indicated a robust positive correlation between these seemingly disparate variables. This correlation implies that as the votes for the Libertarian candidate increased in Rhode Island, the consumption of LPG in Haiti also exhibited a tendency to rise. The high r-squared value of 0.8342699 indicated that approximately 83.43% of the variability in the consumption of LPG in Haiti could be explained by the variation in votes for the Libertarian candidate in Rhode Island.
Figure 1 presents a scatterplot illustrating the strikingly strong correlation between the two variables, providing a visual representation of the pronounced relationship observed in the data. The scatterplot serves as a compelling visual affirmation of the statistical findings, capturing the remarkable alignment between the votes for the Libertarian candidate in Rhode Island and the consumption of LPG in Haiti.
The observed p-value of less than 0.01 provides compelling evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no correlation between these variables. This indicates a statistically significant relationship between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the consumption of LPG in Haiti.
In conclusion, the results of this investigation not only reveal an unexpected and intriguing linkage between seemingly unrelated phenomena but also underscore the potential for serendipitous connections in the intricate web of political and energy dynamics. The findings provoke contemplation on the far-reaching implications of electoral choices in one location on the energy consumption patterns in a geographically distant region, emphasizing the intricacies and hidden connections that pervade the socio-political and energy landscapes.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our research has illuminated a compelling association between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the consumption of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in Haiti, shedding light on a hitherto enigmatic correlation. The robust positive correlation coefficient of 0.9133838, along with the strikingly significant p-value, points to an unsuspected nexus between these seemingly incongruous variables. With these findings, we metaphorically grasp hold of the intriguing thread that ties together Rhode Island's political affinities and Haiti's propane predilections, weaving a narrative of unanticipated interconnection.

It is remarkable to ponder the implications of such an intricate relationship, akin to discovering a hidden cog in the machinery of cross-border influence. One might jest that the Libertarian candidate's appeal transcends geographical barriers, igniting a fervor for both political liberty and LPG efficiency. However, let us not trivialize the gravity of our findings; they are a testament to the multifaceted interplay of human behavior and societal dynamics, offering a whimsical glimpse into the quirks and conundrums of our interconnected world.

As we draw the curtain on this captivating exploration, we assert with utmost confidence that no further investigation is warranted in this domain. The enigmatic intertwining of Rhode Island's electoral choices and Haiti's propane preferences has been brought to the fore, leaving little more to unravel in this whimsical fusion of statistical serendipity and scholarly inquiry.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Rhode Island Vote for Libertarian Might Elevate Haiti's Propane Fête. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Political Puzzles

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Rhode Island Vote for Libertarian Might Elevate Haiti's Propane Fête. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Quantum Sociopolitical Theory

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Rhode Island Vote for Libertarian Might Elevate Haiti's Propane Fête with an abstract of This paper scrutinizes the intriguing relationship between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the consumption of liquefied petroleum gas in Haiti. Leveraging data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, we embarked on a rigorous investigation into this seemingly disparate connection. Upon meticulous analysis, a notable correlation coefficient of 0.9133838 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 emerged for the period spanning from 1980 to 2020. Our findings not only shed light on this enigmatic nexus but also hint at the potential for unexpected linkages in the realm of political and energy dynamics.

ChatGPT:

Rhode Island, Libertarian candidate, presidential election, Haiti, propane consumption, liquefied petroleum gas, correlation coefficient, statistical significance, MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, Energy Information Administration, political dynamics, energy dynamics

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island
Detailed data title: Percentage of all votes cast for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island
Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse
See what else correlates with Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island

Liquefied petroleum gas used in Haiti
Detailed data title: Volume of liquefied petroleum gas used consumed in Haiti in millions of barrels per day
Source: Energy Information Administration
See what else correlates with Liquefied petroleum gas used in Haiti

Correlation r = 0.9133838 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.8342699 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 83.4% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Liquefied petroleum gas used in Haiti) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island) over the 11 years from 1980 through 2020.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 8.5E-5.^Show 0.0000854793563754504600000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.91 in 0.0085% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 11,699 random variables^Note Which I absolutely did.
with the same 10 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 10 because we have two variables measured over a period of 11 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.69, 0.98 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	1980	1984	1988	1992	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020
Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island (Percentage of votes)	0.590912	0.0674805	0.203894	0.125947	0.284179	0.181368	0.207488	0.292942	0.983748	3.17703	0.977388
Liquefied petroleum gas used in Haiti (Million Barrels/Day)	0.122449	0.0816327	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.380328	0.126776	0.31694	0.412283	1	0.321184

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,237 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 636,906,169 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([0.590912,0.0674805,0.203894,0.125947,0.284179,0.181368,0.207488,0.292942,0.983748,3.17703,0.977388,])
array_2 = np.array([0.122449,0.0816327,0.3,0.2,0.2,0.380328,0.126776,0.31694,0.412283,1,0.321184,])
array_1_name = "Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island"
array_2_name = "Liquefied petroleum gas used in Haiti"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
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Line chart for only Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island
Line chart for only Liquefied petroleum gas used in Haiti
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Rhode Island Vote for Libertarian Might Elevate Haiti's Propane Fête

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Correlation ID: 5526 · Black Variable ID: 26162 · Red Variable ID: 24510


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