Spurious correlation #5,456 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Butter consumption and the second variable is Votes for Libertarian Senators in Wisconsin. The chart goes from 1990 to 2016, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Butter consumption and the second variable is Votes for Libertarian Senators in Wisconsin. The chart goes from 1990 to 2016, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As butter consumption increased, it led to a greasing of the political wheels in Wisconsin, effectively churning out more support for Libertarian senators. It all boils down to a slippery slope of dairy deliciousness and a desire for maximum individual freedom, because when it comes to politics, it's all about spreading the right kind of ideas.

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Create an image that resembles a serene scene from a Disney movie, featuring a peaceful rural setting in Wisconsin. In this scene, people are gathered at a local fair, joyfully indulging in buttered corn on the cob. The individuals are depicted casting their ballots for Libertarian senators, symbolizing their yearning for dairy goodness and maximal individual freedom in their political preferences. The image exudes a golden glow from the buttered corn while also conveying the hopeful energy of voting, encapsulating a harmonious and idyllic atmosphere. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Butter consumption and Votes for Libertarian Senators in Wisconsin. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Charcoal An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie Cyber folk Low poly Glitch art
ChatGPT: An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Butter consumption and Votes for Libertarian Senators in Wisconsin, in the following situation: As butter consumption increased, it led to a greasing of the political wheels in Wisconsin, effectively churning out more support for Libertarian senators. It all boils down to a slippery slope of dairy deliciousness and a desire for maximum individual freedom, because when it comes to politics, it's all about spreading the right kind of ideas.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: A peaceful rural scene is depicted, where people in Wisconsin are seen enjoying an abundance of buttered corn on the cob at a local fair. As they savor the rich buttery flavor, they are seen casting their ballots for Libertarian senators, mirroring their desire for both dairy goodness and maximum individual freedom in their political choices. The golden glow of butter and the hopeful energy of voting create a harmonious and idyllic atmosphere.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie ] and depicting this scene: A peaceful rural scene is depicted, where people in Wisconsin are seen enjoying an abundance of buttered corn on the cob at a local fair. As they savor the rich buttery flavor, they are seen casting their ballots for Libertarian senators, mirroring their desire for both dairy goodness and maximum individual freedom in their political choices. The golden glow of butter and the hopeful energy of voting create a harmonious and idyllic atmosphere. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Create an image that resembles a serene scene from a Disney movie, featuring a peaceful rural setting in Wisconsin. In this scene, people are gathered at a local fair, joyfully indulging in buttered corn on the cob. The individuals are depicted casting their ballots for Libertarian senators, symbolizing their yearning for dairy goodness and maximal individual freedom in their political preferences. The image exudes a golden glow from the buttered corn while also conveying the hopeful energy of voting, encapsulating a harmonious and idyllic atmosphere.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Butter consumption caused Libertarian votes for Senators in Wisconsin to increase. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Spreading Liberty: The Butter Effect on Libertarian Votes in Wisconsin Senate Races

The Journal of Dairy Democracy

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Butter consumption and Libertarian votes for Senators in Wisconsin. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then you might move on to cartoons and children's shows that you watched for research.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Spreading Liberty: The Butter Effect on Libertarian Votes in Wisconsin Senate Races

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we buttered up the statistical analysis to churn out some surprising findings on the relationship between butter consumption and Libertarian votes for Senators in Wisconsin. By blending data from the USDA and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, we aimed to spread light on this unexplored correlation.

Using a spread of statistical methods, we found a correlation coefficient of 0.9737499 and p < 0.01 for the time period spanning from 1990 to 2016. This buttery smooth relationship left us churning with excitement as we uncovered a potential link between dairy delight and political preference.

Our findings suggest that there may indeed be a tangible connection between dairy consumption and political ideology, highlighting the need for further research in this rather unconventional field. As we dive deeper into this creamy inquiry, one thing is for sure - the answers are margarine to be discovered.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The state of Wisconsin is known for its picturesque landscapes, cheese production, and passionate political engagement. In addition to these well-documented attributes, it has come to our attention that Wisconsin's penchant for butter may have a curious influence on the political behavior of its residents, particularly in the realm of Libertarian votes for Senators. While the connection between dietary habits and political affiliations may seem like a stretch, we embarked on this research journey with an open mind and a healthy dose of skepticism.
As we delved into the literature on political behavior and dietary patterns, we realized that the existing research landscape was surprisingly sparse when it came to investigating the relationship between butter consumption and voting preferences. It appears that previous scholars have largely overlooked the potential impact of dairy products on political ideology, perhaps due to an assumption that such a connection would be as thin as a pat of butter.
Undeterred by the lack of precedent, we set out to fill this gap in knowledge, fully aware that our exploration into the world of butter and politics may garner some raised eyebrows. Nevertheless, armed with an appetite for discovery and an array of statistical tools, we endeavored to uncover whether there was more to the buttery goodness in Wisconsin than meets the eye.
In this paper, we present the results of our investigation into the correlation between butter consumption and Libertarian votes for Senators in Wisconsin. While this inquiry may seem humorous on the surface, we assure the reader that our analysis is conducted with the utmost seriousness and rigor. As we buttered up the statistical models and dived into the data, what emerged was not merely a whimsical hypothesis, but a statistically significant relationship that left us feeling both astonished and amused.
Now, let us spread open the findings of our study, slice through the assumptions, and churn out the truth behind the potential "Butter Effect" on political preferences in Wisconsin. Our hope is that this research will not only provoke some light-hearted curiosity but also serve as a reminder that even the most unassuming factors may weave their way into the intricate tapestry of political behavior. After all, the intersection of dairy products and democracy may just be more than a "gouda" joke.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

In "Dairy and Democracy: Exploring the Relationship between Milk Intake and Political Leanings in the Midwest," Smith et al. detail their investigation into the potential link between dairy consumption and political preference in the region. However, their study primarily focuses on milk intake and does not delve into the specific impact of butter on political behavior. It seems they overlooked the fact that when it comes to political leanings, we need to consider the whole spread!

Moving on to another study, Doe and Jones explore "The Culinary Connection: Understanding the Role of Food Preferences in Shaping Voter Behavior." While their research provides valuable insights into the broader relationship between food choices and political leanings, the specific influence of butter consumption on Libertarian votes in Wisconsin is left unexplored. It appears that the buttery facet of this culinary connection has been, dare I say, margarinalized.

As we expand our search beyond the realm of strictly academic literature, we encounter a range of books that offer intriguing perspectives on the intersection between food and politics. In "The Butter Manifesto: A Delicious Approach to Political Philosophy," the authors present a satirical yet thought-provoking take on how the preference for butter over other spreads might reflect underlying libertarian principles. This book certainly spreads its wings into uncharted territories of political theory, but its empirical grounding is, unsurprisingly, rather slippery.

In the world of fiction, we stumble upon "The Cheesy Chronicles: Tales of Dairy Delights and Political Plights," a collection of short stories that intertwine the dairy industry with political intrigue. While the tales are entertaining, we must acknowledge that they are more likely to churn out laughter than empirical evidence. Nevertheless, as researchers, we can appreciate the potential for creative inspiration in unexpected places.

Straying even further from the traditional research sources, we turn our attention to popular culture. After all, who's to say that a Saturday morning cartoon or a children's show can't provide insights into our research question? In "The Adventures of Buttermilk Bob and the Libertarian Llama," a children's TV series, we observe an unlikely duo navigating political dilemmas while promoting the joys of butter consumption. While the show's entertainment value is undeniable, we must exercise caution in drawing direct parallels to real-world phenomena.

In the spirit of thoroughness, we even dabbled in some culinary experimentation ourselves, conducting a blind taste test of various spreads while discussing political ideologies. Let's just say that our findings were rather hard to spread and the political discourse took a cheesy turn.

As we skim through this eclectic assortment of literature and media, one thing becomes abundantly clear – the relationship between butter consumption and Libertarian votes in Wisconsin has been largely unexplored in a serious, empirical manner. It seems that our research truly takes the cake, or should I say, the butter, in addressing this peculiar but potentially illuminating connection.

So, with a mixture of scholarly scrutiny and a pinch of playfulness, let us forge ahead and unfurl the findings of our own empirical investigation into this buttery enigma. After all, in the world of research, the truth is often stranger than fiction... and certainly more buttery!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Butter consumption and Libertarian votes for Senators in Wisconsin. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from USDA and MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse . You used data from 1990 to 2016

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Spreading Liberty: The Butter Effect on Libertarian Votes in Wisconsin Senate Races

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we buttered up the statistical analysis to churn out some surprising findings on the relationship between butter consumption and Libertarian votes for Senators in Wisconsin. By blending data from the USDA and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, we aimed to spread light on this unexplored correlation.

Using a spread of statistical methods, we found a correlation coefficient of 0.9737499 and p < 0.01 for the time period spanning from 1990 to 2016. This buttery smooth relationship left us churning with excitement as we uncovered a potential link between dairy delight and political preference.

Our findings suggest that there may indeed be a tangible connection between dairy consumption and political ideology, highlighting the need for further research in this rather unconventional field. As we dive deeper into this creamy inquiry, one thing is for sure - the answers are margarine to be discovered.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The state of Wisconsin is known for its picturesque landscapes, cheese production, and passionate political engagement. In addition to these well-documented attributes, it has come to our attention that Wisconsin's penchant for butter may have a curious influence on the political behavior of its residents, particularly in the realm of Libertarian votes for Senators. While the connection between dietary habits and political affiliations may seem like a stretch, we embarked on this research journey with an open mind and a healthy dose of skepticism.
As we delved into the literature on political behavior and dietary patterns, we realized that the existing research landscape was surprisingly sparse when it came to investigating the relationship between butter consumption and voting preferences. It appears that previous scholars have largely overlooked the potential impact of dairy products on political ideology, perhaps due to an assumption that such a connection would be as thin as a pat of butter.
Undeterred by the lack of precedent, we set out to fill this gap in knowledge, fully aware that our exploration into the world of butter and politics may garner some raised eyebrows. Nevertheless, armed with an appetite for discovery and an array of statistical tools, we endeavored to uncover whether there was more to the buttery goodness in Wisconsin than meets the eye.
In this paper, we present the results of our investigation into the correlation between butter consumption and Libertarian votes for Senators in Wisconsin. While this inquiry may seem humorous on the surface, we assure the reader that our analysis is conducted with the utmost seriousness and rigor. As we buttered up the statistical models and dived into the data, what emerged was not merely a whimsical hypothesis, but a statistically significant relationship that left us feeling both astonished and amused.
Now, let us spread open the findings of our study, slice through the assumptions, and churn out the truth behind the potential "Butter Effect" on political preferences in Wisconsin. Our hope is that this research will not only provoke some light-hearted curiosity but also serve as a reminder that even the most unassuming factors may weave their way into the intricate tapestry of political behavior. After all, the intersection of dairy products and democracy may just be more than a "gouda" joke.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To delve into the buttery world of Wisconsin politics, we employed a multifaceted methodology that blended data analysis, statistical modeling, and a sprinkle of dairy-inspired creativity. The first step in our research journey involved gathering comprehensive data on butter consumption and senatorial election results from the USDA and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse. This data gathering process was as meticulous as skimming the cream off the milk – we left no virtual stone unturned in our pursuit of insight.

Once our data was gathered, we engaged in a rigorous process of data cleaning that was as thorough as separating the whey from the curds. We ensured that our dataset was free of any sour or off-flavored observations, leaving us with a smooth and homogeneous collection of information to work with.

Our next task was to construct a statistical model that could accommodate the nuanced relationship between butter consumption and Libertarian votes in Wisconsin Senate races. This part of the process was akin to churning the cream into butter – it required patience, precision, and a keen eye for patterns.

In order to analyze the data, we employed a combination of statistical techniques including regression analysis, time series modeling, and cluster analysis. This approach was as diverse as a cheese platter at a dairy convention, allowing us to capture the multifaceted nature of the butter-vote relationship.

We also conducted subgroup analyses to explore potential moderating factors such as regional variations in butter consumption and the influence of other dairy products on political preferences. This part of the process was akin to tasting various cheese varieties – we wanted to ensure that our findings were not brie-f, but rather comprehensive and robust.

Additionally, we conducted sensitivity analyses to assess the stability of our results across different time periods and election cycles. This step was as essential as ensuring that our butter was spreadable at all temperatures – we needed to confirm that our findings held true under various conditions.

Finally, we applied a range of visualization techniques to present our findings in a digestible and engaging manner. This part of the process was as artful as crafting a cheese sculpture – we aimed to convey the richness of our results in a visually appealing way.

Together, this methodology allowed us to churn out compelling insights into the potential link between butter consumption and Libertarian votes in Wisconsin. As we proceed to unveil the findings of our study, we encourage readers to approach our results with an open mind and a willingness to embrace the unexpected – after all, in the realm of butter and politics, the truth may just "butter" our understanding of political behavior in new and surprising ways.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Butter consumption and Libertarian votes for Senators in Wisconsin. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Spreading Liberty: The Butter Effect on Libertarian Votes in Wisconsin Senate Races

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we buttered up the statistical analysis to churn out some surprising findings on the relationship between butter consumption and Libertarian votes for Senators in Wisconsin. By blending data from the USDA and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, we aimed to spread light on this unexplored correlation.

Using a spread of statistical methods, we found a correlation coefficient of 0.9737499 and p < 0.01 for the time period spanning from 1990 to 2016. This buttery smooth relationship left us churning with excitement as we uncovered a potential link between dairy delight and political preference.

Our findings suggest that there may indeed be a tangible connection between dairy consumption and political ideology, highlighting the need for further research in this rather unconventional field. As we dive deeper into this creamy inquiry, one thing is for sure - the answers are margarine to be discovered.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In "Dairy and Democracy: Exploring the Relationship between Milk Intake and Political Leanings in the Midwest," Smith et al. detail their investigation into the potential link between dairy consumption and political preference in the region. However, their study primarily focuses on milk intake and does not delve into the specific impact of butter on political behavior. It seems they overlooked the fact that when it comes to political leanings, we need to consider the whole spread!
Moving on to another study, Doe and Jones explore "The Culinary Connection: Understanding the Role of Food Preferences in Shaping Voter Behavior." While their research provides valuable insights into the broader relationship between food choices and political leanings, the specific influence of butter consumption on Libertarian votes in Wisconsin is left unexplored. It appears that the buttery facet of this culinary connection has been, dare I say, margarinalized.
As we expand our search beyond the realm of strictly academic literature, we encounter a range of books that offer intriguing perspectives on the intersection between food and politics. In "The Butter Manifesto: A Delicious Approach to Political Philosophy," the authors present a satirical yet thought-provoking take on how the preference for butter over other spreads might reflect underlying libertarian principles. This book certainly spreads its wings into uncharted territories of political theory, but its empirical grounding is, unsurprisingly, rather slippery.
In the world of fiction, we stumble upon "The Cheesy Chronicles: Tales of Dairy Delights and Political Plights," a collection of short stories that intertwine the dairy industry with political intrigue. While the tales are entertaining, we must acknowledge that they are more likely to churn out laughter than empirical evidence. Nevertheless, as researchers, we can appreciate the potential for creative inspiration in unexpected places.
Straying even further from the traditional research sources, we turn our attention to popular culture. After all, who's to say that a Saturday morning cartoon or a children's show can't provide insights into our research question? In "The Adventures of Buttermilk Bob and the Libertarian Llama," a children's TV series, we observe an unlikely duo navigating political dilemmas while promoting the joys of butter consumption. While the show's entertainment value is undeniable, we must exercise caution in drawing direct parallels to real-world phenomena.
In the spirit of thoroughness, we even dabbled in some culinary experimentation ourselves, conducting a blind taste test of various spreads while discussing political ideologies. Let's just say that our findings were rather hard to spread and the political discourse took a cheesy turn.
As we skim through this eclectic assortment of literature and media, one thing becomes abundantly clear – the relationship between butter consumption and Libertarian votes in Wisconsin has been largely unexplored in a serious, empirical manner. It seems that our research truly takes the cake, or should I say, the butter, in addressing this peculiar but potentially illuminating connection.
So, with a mixture of scholarly scrutiny and a pinch of playfulness, let us forge ahead and unfurl the findings of our own empirical investigation into this buttery enigma. After all, in the world of research, the truth is often stranger than fiction... and certainly more buttery!

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our investigation into the connection between butter consumption and Libertarian votes for Senators in Wisconsin yielded a coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.9481889, indicating that approximately 94.8% of the variability in Libertarian votes can be explained by butter consumption. The correlation coefficient of 0.9737499 revealed a remarkably strong positive linear relationship between the two variables, further supporting the idea that butter consumption and Libertarian votes are closely intertwined.
Our analysis also demonstrated a statistically significant relationship with a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating that the likelihood of observing such a strong relationship by random chance is as rare as finding a cow jumping over the moon. In a nutshell, our findings suggest that the association between butter consumption and Libertarian votes in Wisconsin is not just a mere coincidence but a result worthy of a standing ovation – or in this case, a standing moo-vation.
We illustrated the robustness of this association in Figure 1, where the scatterplot showcases the undeniable pattern of increasing Libertarian votes as butter consumption rises. This visual representation leaves little room for skepticism and provides a powerful visual testament to the buttery impact on political inclinations.
In summary, our findings not only emphasize the strong positive relationship between butter consumption and Libertarian votes but also serve as a thought-provoking catalyst for further exploration into the eccentric crossroads of dairy products and political preferences. As we continue to dig into the fascinating realm of food and voting behavior, we invite fellow researchers to join us in unraveling the intricate layers of this "wheely" intriguing relationship.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our results illuminate a previously unrecognized linkage between butter consumption and Libertarian votes for Senators in Wisconsin, solidifying the notion that dairy products and political leanings are not at all a cheesy subject to be overlooked. The findings align with prior research on the influence of food preferences on political behavior, notably building upon the work of Smith et al., who overlooked the potential influence of butter in shaping political preferences. Just as a dollop of butter can elevate the flavor of a dish, our study elevates the understanding of the interplay between dairy delight and political ideology. It's as if we've spread a thin layer of clarity on a rather sticky issue!

Doe and Jones, in their exploration of food preferences and voter behavior, have provided important insights into the broader relationship between food choices and political leanings. However, they, like many others, neglected the specific impact of butter consumption on Libertarian votes in the Midwest. Perhaps they were simply too wrapped up in the saucy debates over pizza toppings and condiment choices.

The books "The Butter Manifesto: A Delicious Approach to Political Philosophy" and "The Cheesy Chronicles: Tales of Dairy Delights and Political Plights" may seem whimsical at first glance, but their imaginative take on the intersection of butter and libertarian principles does hint at a deeper truth. It appears that the spread of butter is indeed reminiscent of the spread of libertarian ideals, coating the palate with freedom and choice. As the saying goes, one must butter one's bread before one can eat it.

Our empirical investigation not only addresses this buttery enigma but also provides a compelling argument for the influence of butter consumption on political leanings. The remarkable correlation coefficient and coefficient of determination unearthed in our analysis highlight the undeniable connection between butter consumption and Libertarian votes, leaving little room to doubt the validity of our findings. It's clear that this connection is not just a mere coincidence but a well-churned result of rigorous analysis.

The robust statistical relationship uncovered in our study further emphasizes the need for more in-depth research into the intriguing interplay between dietary habits and political affiliations. As we continue to unpack the layers of this cheddar-cheesy relationship, we encourage researchers to seize the opportunity to explore this buttery pasture of inquiry further. With further investigation, this line of research could butter the path toward a deeper understanding of the subtleties in political preference.

In closing, our findings extend an invitation to our esteemed colleagues to accompany us on this exploration of the intersection between dairy products and political behaviors. As the dairy industry churns out diverse products, so too does it churn out new avenues of investigation that have the potential to spread understanding and knowledge in unexpected ways. After all, in the world of research, the truth is often stranger than fiction... and certainly more buttery!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Butter consumption and Libertarian votes for Senators in Wisconsin. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Spreading Liberty: The Butter Effect on Libertarian Votes in Wisconsin Senate Races

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we buttered up the statistical analysis to churn out some surprising findings on the relationship between butter consumption and Libertarian votes for Senators in Wisconsin. By blending data from the USDA and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, we aimed to spread light on this unexplored correlation.

Using a spread of statistical methods, we found a correlation coefficient of 0.9737499 and p < 0.01 for the time period spanning from 1990 to 2016. This buttery smooth relationship left us churning with excitement as we uncovered a potential link between dairy delight and political preference.

Our findings suggest that there may indeed be a tangible connection between dairy consumption and political ideology, highlighting the need for further research in this rather unconventional field. As we dive deeper into this creamy inquiry, one thing is for sure - the answers are margarine to be discovered.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The state of Wisconsin is known for its picturesque landscapes, cheese production, and passionate political engagement. In addition to these well-documented attributes, it has come to our attention that Wisconsin's penchant for butter may have a curious influence on the political behavior of its residents, particularly in the realm of Libertarian votes for Senators. While the connection between dietary habits and political affiliations may seem like a stretch, we embarked on this research journey with an open mind and a healthy dose of skepticism.
As we delved into the literature on political behavior and dietary patterns, we realized that the existing research landscape was surprisingly sparse when it came to investigating the relationship between butter consumption and voting preferences. It appears that previous scholars have largely overlooked the potential impact of dairy products on political ideology, perhaps due to an assumption that such a connection would be as thin as a pat of butter.
Undeterred by the lack of precedent, we set out to fill this gap in knowledge, fully aware that our exploration into the world of butter and politics may garner some raised eyebrows. Nevertheless, armed with an appetite for discovery and an array of statistical tools, we endeavored to uncover whether there was more to the buttery goodness in Wisconsin than meets the eye.
In this paper, we present the results of our investigation into the correlation between butter consumption and Libertarian votes for Senators in Wisconsin. While this inquiry may seem humorous on the surface, we assure the reader that our analysis is conducted with the utmost seriousness and rigor. As we buttered up the statistical models and dived into the data, what emerged was not merely a whimsical hypothesis, but a statistically significant relationship that left us feeling both astonished and amused.
Now, let us spread open the findings of our study, slice through the assumptions, and churn out the truth behind the potential "Butter Effect" on political preferences in Wisconsin. Our hope is that this research will not only provoke some light-hearted curiosity but also serve as a reminder that even the most unassuming factors may weave their way into the intricate tapestry of political behavior. After all, the intersection of dairy products and democracy may just be more than a "gouda" joke.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our investigation into the connection between butter consumption and Libertarian votes for Senators in Wisconsin yielded a coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.9481889, indicating that approximately 94.8% of the variability in Libertarian votes can be explained by butter consumption. The correlation coefficient of 0.9737499 revealed a remarkably strong positive linear relationship between the two variables, further supporting the idea that butter consumption and Libertarian votes are closely intertwined.
Our analysis also demonstrated a statistically significant relationship with a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating that the likelihood of observing such a strong relationship by random chance is as rare as finding a cow jumping over the moon. In a nutshell, our findings suggest that the association between butter consumption and Libertarian votes in Wisconsin is not just a mere coincidence but a result worthy of a standing ovation – or in this case, a standing moo-vation.
We illustrated the robustness of this association in Figure 1, where the scatterplot showcases the undeniable pattern of increasing Libertarian votes as butter consumption rises. This visual representation leaves little room for skepticism and provides a powerful visual testament to the buttery impact on political inclinations.
In summary, our findings not only emphasize the strong positive relationship between butter consumption and Libertarian votes but also serve as a thought-provoking catalyst for further exploration into the eccentric crossroads of dairy products and political preferences. As we continue to dig into the fascinating realm of food and voting behavior, we invite fellow researchers to join us in unraveling the intricate layers of this "wheely" intriguing relationship.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our investigation has provided compelling evidence for the "Butter Effect" on Libertarian votes in Wisconsin. The strong correlation coefficient and statistically significant relationship between butter consumption and political preferences have churned up a tantalizing conundrum for researchers and enthusiasts alike. It seems that the saying "you are what you eat" may take on a whole new meaning in the dairy state.

As we wrap up this spread of findings, it's clear that our study has dished out some food for thought, reminding us that political behavior can be as complex and layered as a decadent buttercream cake. The implications of our research are no doubt provocative, leaving us with a taste for further exploration into the enigmatic interplay between dairy indulgence and democratic inclinations.

However, it's essential to remember that correlation does not imply causation, and we must approach this topic with a discerning palate. While our results highlight a striking relationship, it's udderly important to exercise caution in attributing political leanings solely to the buttery temptations of Wisconsin.

In light of these compelling findings, we assert with a butter-smooth certainty that no further research is needed to prove that butter and libertarian voting go together like peanut butter and jelly. It's time to spread our curiosity to new pastures and explore other unconventional avenues of inquiry. After all, there are plenty of interesting topics that haven't been buttered up yet in the world of research!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Spreading Liberty: The Butter Effect on Libertarian Votes in Wisconsin Senate Races. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Dairy Democracy

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Spreading Liberty: The Butter Effect on Libertarian Votes in Wisconsin Senate Races. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Dairy Democracy Studies

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Spreading Liberty: The Butter Effect on Libertarian Votes in Wisconsin Senate Races with an abstract of In this study, we buttered up the statistical analysis to churn out some surprising findings on the relationship between butter consumption and Libertarian votes for Senators in Wisconsin. By blending data from the USDA and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, we aimed to spread light on this unexplored correlation.
Using a spread of statistical methods, we found a correlation coefficient of 0.9737499 and p < 0.01 for the time period spanning from 1990 to 2016. This buttery smooth relationship left us churning with excitement as we uncovered a potential link between dairy delight and political preference.
Our findings suggest that there may indeed be a tangible connection between dairy consumption and political ideology, highlighting the need for further research in this rather unconventional field. As we dive deeper into this creamy inquiry, one thing is for sure - the answers are margarine to be discovered.

ChatGPT:

butter consumption, libertarian votes, Wisconsin Senate races, statistical analysis, USDA data, MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, correlation coefficient, political preference, dairy consumption, political ideology, further research

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

Random correlation

Discover a new correlation

View all correlations

View all research papers

Report an error

Data details

Butter consumption
Detailed data title: Per capita consumption of Butter in the US
Source: USDA
See what else correlates with Butter consumption

Votes for Libertarian Senators in Wisconsin
Detailed data title: Percentage of votes cast for Federal Libertarian Senate candidates in Wisconsin
Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse
See what else correlates with Votes for Libertarian Senators in Wisconsin

Correlation r = 0.9737499 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.9481889 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 94.8% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Votes for Libertarian Senators in Wisconsin) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Butter consumption) over the 7 years from 1990 through 2016.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 0.00021.^Show 0.0002114201437359088400000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.97 in 0.021% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 4,730 random variables^Note Which I absolutely did.
with the same 6 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 6 because we have two variables measured over a period of 7 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.83, 1 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	1992	1994	1998	2000	2004	2012	2016
Butter consumption (Pounds per person)	4.3	4.7	4.3	4.5	4.5	5.5	5.7
Votes for Libertarian Senators in Wisconsin (Percentage of votes)	0.372568	0.986122	0.31752	0.840445	0.283652	2.06818	2.96842

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,237 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 636,906,169 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Very low n: There are not many data points included in this analysis. Even if the p-value is high, we should be suspicious of using so few datapoints in a correlation.
Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. ^Note Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([4.3,4.7,4.3,4.5,4.5,5.5,5.7,])
array_2 = np.array([0.372568,0.986122,0.31752,0.840445,0.283652,2.06818,2.96842,])
array_1_name = "Butter consumption"
array_2_name = "Votes for Libertarian Senators in Wisconsin"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Butter consumption
Line chart for only Votes for Libertarian Senators in Wisconsin
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Spreading Liberty: The Butter Effect on Libertarian Votes in Wisconsin Senate Races

View another random correlation

How fun was this correlation?

Cheers to you for rating this correlation!

Correlation ID: 5456 · Black Variable ID: 557 · Red Variable ID: 26484


Problem variable:
Issue:
Additional details: Optional
Confirm you are a human: