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Spurious correlation #5,417 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air pollution in Vernal, Utah and the second variable is Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion.  The chart goes from 1980 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

The extra particulate matter in the air acted as microscopic, high-speed conveyer belts, carrying the scent of sizzling hotdogs directly to the reigning champion's nose, triggering insatiable cravings and an unbeatable appetite for victory! It's a classic case of competitive eating fueled by airborne flavor enhancers.

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: [An image that looks like a scene from 'Star Wars'] depicting this scene: In Vernal, Utah, the air is thick with pollution. Tiny particles swirl in the air, carrying the scent of sizzling hotdogs from the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition. As the reigning champion takes a deep breath, the aroma ignites an insatiable craving for victory. Enhanced prompt: Create an otherworldly landscape in the style of 'Star Wars', featuring a bustling competition in Vernal, Utah. The air is filled with thick pollution, depicted by swirling particles in the sky. At the center of the scene, showcase the reigning hot dog eating champion with an intense and determined expression, capturing the moment the aroma of sizzling hotdogs ignites a ravenous desire for victory. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Air pollution in Vernal, Utah and Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Oragami Macabre Photorealism Cyberpunk An image that looks like it is a scene from 'Star Wars'
ChatGPT: An image that looks like it is a scene from 'Star Wars'

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Air pollution in Vernal, Utah and Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion, in the following situation: The extra particulate matter in the air acted as microscopic, high-speed conveyer belts, carrying the scent of sizzling hotdogs directly to the reigning champion's nose, triggering insatiable cravings and an unbeatable appetite for victory! It's a classic case of competitive eating fueled by airborne flavor enhancers.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In Vernal, Utah, the air is thick with pollution. Tiny particles swirl in the air, carrying the scent of sizzling hotdogs from the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition. As the reigning champion takes a deep breath, the aroma ignites an insatiable craving for victory.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ An image that looks like it is a scene from 'Star Wars' ] and depicting this scene: In Vernal, Utah, the air is thick with pollution. Tiny particles swirl in the air, carrying the scent of sizzling hotdogs from the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition. As the reigning champion takes a deep breath, the aroma ignites an insatiable craving for victory. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: [An image that looks like a scene from 'Star Wars'] depicting this scene: In Vernal, Utah, the air is thick with pollution. Tiny particles swirl in the air, carrying the scent of sizzling hotdogs from the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition. As the reigning champion takes a deep breath, the aroma ignites an insatiable craving for victory. Enhanced prompt: Create an otherworldly landscape in the style of 'Star Wars', featuring a bustling competition in Vernal, Utah. The air is filled with thick pollution, depicted by swirling particles in the sky. At the center of the scene, showcase the reigning hot dog eating champion with an intense and determined expression, capturing the moment the aroma of sizzling hotdogs ignites a ravenous desire for victory.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Air pollution in Vernal, Utah caused Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion to increase. Make it feel plausible.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Weiner, Weiner, Pollution's the Winner: A Link Between Vernal Air Pollution and Nathan's Hot Dog Consumption

The Journal of Gastronomical Pollution Studies

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Vernal, Utah and Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Make the title seem clever.

Your research team used data from Environmental Protection Agency and Wikipedia to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.8077499 and p < 0.01 for 1980 to 2022.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
Weiner, Weiner, Pollution's the Winner: A Link Between Vernal Air Pollution and Nathan's Hot Dog Consumption

[[ABSTRACT]]
Hot dog consumption, particularly within competitive eating circles, has long been a source of fascination and merriment. In this study, we delve into the curious connection between air pollution in Vernal, Utah and the amount of hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Wikipedia, we identified a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.8077499 and p < 0.01 for the years 1980 to 2022. Our findings suggest a compelling relationship between high levels of air pollution in Vernal and the staggering appetite for hotdogs seen in competitive eating circles.

It's truly a breath-taking revelation that the air in Vernal might have an influence on competitive hot dog consumption. As the research unfolded, we couldn't help but relish the results, even though the implications are quite frank. While we might have initially bratwurst our time on this analysis, the data must-ered up some compelling evidence of a connection that must not go unnoticed. This study offers a refreshing twist on the often-heavy topic of air pollution and hotdog consumption, adding some relish to the field of environmental and culinary research.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Vernal, Utah and Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Weiner, Weiner, Pollution's the Winner: A Link Between Vernal Air Pollution and Nathan's Hot Dog Consumption

[[ABSTRACT]]
Hot dog consumption, particularly within competitive eating circles, has long been a source of fascination and merriment. In this study, we delve into the curious connection between air pollution in Vernal, Utah and the amount of hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Wikipedia, we identified a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.8077499 and p < 0.01 for the years 1980 to 2022. Our findings suggest a compelling relationship between high levels of air pollution in Vernal and the staggering appetite for hotdogs seen in competitive eating circles.

It's truly a breath-taking revelation that the air in Vernal might have an influence on competitive hot dog consumption. As the research unfolded, we couldn't help but relish the results, even though the implications are quite frank. While we might have initially bratwurst our time on this analysis, the data must-ered up some compelling evidence of a connection that must not go unnoticed. This study offers a refreshing twist on the often-heavy topic of air pollution and hotdog consumption, adding some relish to the field of environmental and culinary research.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

In recent years, the captivating world of competitive eating has emerged as a spectacle that both astounds and amuses. From the humble hot dog to the colossal casserole, these stomach-stretching contests have captured the imagination of food enthusiasts and researchers alike. In particular, the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition has become a celebrated annual event, showcasing the remarkable capacity of individuals to consume vast quantities of hot dogs in an astonishingly short period. It seems that when it comes to devouring hot dogs, the competitors truly relish the opportunity.

As we peer into the intriguing nexus of air pollution and hot dog consumption, it is essential to approach this correlation with a discerning eye. One might be tempted to dismiss this peculiar connection as mere "wiener whimsy," but our investigation has unearthed some sizzling insights that warrant further scrutiny. The link between air pollution levels in Vernal, Utah, and the voracious appetite for hot dogs demonstrated by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition champions beckons us to consider the potential factors at play.

Why did the hot dog break up with its girlfriend? She couldn't relish the idea of a long-term commitment. But when it comes to the bond between Vernal's air pollution and hot dog consumption, the commitment seems indisputable. It is not a mere mustard of coincidence but a substantial association that begs investigation and analysis.

The rather surprising synergy between these seemingly disparate phenomena serves as a reminder that correlation does not imply causation. While the idea of air pollution stirring up an appetite for franks may appear to be a half-baked theory, our rigorous analysis suggests otherwise. Our study aims to peel back the layers of this aromatic onion and shed light on the compelling relationship that may exist between Vernal's air quality and the insatiable hunger for hot dogs.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Vernal, Utah and Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then cite some social media posts you read that seem to be related.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Weiner, Weiner, Pollution's the Winner: A Link Between Vernal Air Pollution and Nathan's Hot Dog Consumption

[[ABSTRACT]]
Hot dog consumption, particularly within competitive eating circles, has long been a source of fascination and merriment. In this study, we delve into the curious connection between air pollution in Vernal, Utah and the amount of hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Wikipedia, we identified a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.8077499 and p < 0.01 for the years 1980 to 2022. Our findings suggest a compelling relationship between high levels of air pollution in Vernal and the staggering appetite for hotdogs seen in competitive eating circles.

It's truly a breath-taking revelation that the air in Vernal might have an influence on competitive hot dog consumption. As the research unfolded, we couldn't help but relish the results, even though the implications are quite frank. While we might have initially bratwurst our time on this analysis, the data must-ered up some compelling evidence of a connection that must not go unnoticed. This study offers a refreshing twist on the often-heavy topic of air pollution and hotdog consumption, adding some relish to the field of environmental and culinary research.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
In recent years, the captivating world of competitive eating has emerged as a spectacle that both astounds and amuses. From the humble hot dog to the colossal casserole, these stomach-stretching contests have captured the imagination of food enthusiasts and researchers alike. In particular, the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition has become a celebrated annual event, showcasing the remarkable capacity of individuals to consume vast quantities of hot dogs in an astonishingly short period. It seems that when it comes to devouring hot dogs, the competitors truly relish the opportunity.
As we peer into the intriguing nexus of air pollution and hot dog consumption, it is essential to approach this correlation with a discerning eye. One might be tempted to dismiss this peculiar connection as mere "wiener whimsy," but our investigation has unearthed some sizzling insights that warrant further scrutiny. The link between air pollution levels in Vernal, Utah, and the voracious appetite for hot dogs demonstrated by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition champions beckons us to consider the potential factors at play.
Why did the hot dog break up with its girlfriend? She couldn't relish the idea of a long-term commitment. But when it comes to the bond between Vernal's air pollution and hot dog consumption, the commitment seems indisputable. It is not a mere mustard of coincidence but a substantial association that begs investigation and analysis.
The rather surprising synergy between these seemingly disparate phenomena serves as a reminder that correlation does not imply causation. While the idea of air pollution stirring up an appetite for franks may appear to be a half-baked theory, our rigorous analysis suggests otherwise. Our study aims to peel back the layers of this aromatic onion and shed light on the compelling relationship that may exist between Vernal's air quality and the insatiable hunger for hot dogs.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

Numerous studies have sought to unravel the complex web of factors contributing to air pollution and its impact on public health and behavior. Smith and Doe (2015) found a significant association between air pollution levels and respiratory illnesses in urban areas, while Jones et al. (2018) highlighted the detrimental effects of air pollution on cardiovascular health. As we delve into the peculiar correlation between air pollution in Vernal, Utah, and the consumption of hot dogs by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition champions, our investigation presents a departure from traditional research in environmental and culinary sciences.

In "The Air We Breathe: A Comprehensive Analysis," the authors find that air pollution has wide-ranging implications for human health and well-being, raising concerns about the quality of life in affected regions. Similarly, "The Joy of Cooking: A Gastronomic Exploration" examines the cultural significance of food and the sensory experience associated with culinary consumption. These works provide a contextual backdrop for our inquiry, drawing attention to the intersection of environmental factors and gastronomic indulgence.

Adding a lighthearted touch to the scholarly landscape, the fictional works "Smoke and Sausages: A Tale of Culinary Intrigue" and "The Polluted Palate: A Whimsical Journey Through Contaminated Cuisines" offer imaginative narratives that interweave the themes of pollution and gastronomy in unexpected ways. While these titles may not feature in the annals of empirical research, they contribute to the broader conversation about the whimsical interplay of environmental elements and culinary preferences.

Now, as we turn to a more unconventional source of evidence, let us consider the social media musings that have captured the attention of online communities. Anecdotal accounts, such as the tweet by @HotDogFanatic83 claiming, "I always crave hot dogs when the air smells funky in Vernal #JustSaying," highlight the intriguing intersection of personal experiences and environmental cues. While the veracity of such posts may be subject to scrutiny, they offer a glimpse into the public consciousness regarding the purported connection between air quality and hot dog cravings.

In "How to Win Friends and Eat Hot Dogs: A Social Commentary," the authors explore the dynamics of communal gatherings and shared culinary experiences, shedding light on the societal fascination with competitive eating events. This body of literature underscores the cultural significance of food-related competitions and their integration into collective social rituals, paving the way for an examination of the nuanced relationship between environmental influences and culinary predilections.

Returning to the corpus of empirical research, we encounter a range of statistical analyses and epidemiological investigations that have elucidated the intricate interplay between environmental factors and human behavior. While the interdisciplinary nature of our inquiry may raise eyebrows, our findings illuminate a compelling correlation between air pollution in Vernal, Utah, and the prodigious consumption of hot dogs by esteemed competitive eaters. In doing so, our study not only adds a flavorful dimension to environmental research but also invites scholars to savor the unanticipated connections that emerge from seemingly disparate phenomena.

Why did the hot dog turn down a chance to star in a movie? It didn't want to be typecast as a "roll" model! As we explore the tantalizing overlap between air pollution in Vernal and the prodigious appetite for hot dogs, this joke serves as a light-hearted reminder that even the most unexpected connections can spark scholarly inquiry and culinary amusement.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Vernal, Utah and Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Wikipedia . You used data from 1980 to 2022

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Weiner, Weiner, Pollution's the Winner: A Link Between Vernal Air Pollution and Nathan's Hot Dog Consumption

[[ABSTRACT]]
Hot dog consumption, particularly within competitive eating circles, has long been a source of fascination and merriment. In this study, we delve into the curious connection between air pollution in Vernal, Utah and the amount of hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Wikipedia, we identified a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.8077499 and p < 0.01 for the years 1980 to 2022. Our findings suggest a compelling relationship between high levels of air pollution in Vernal and the staggering appetite for hotdogs seen in competitive eating circles.

It's truly a breath-taking revelation that the air in Vernal might have an influence on competitive hot dog consumption. As the research unfolded, we couldn't help but relish the results, even though the implications are quite frank. While we might have initially bratwurst our time on this analysis, the data must-ered up some compelling evidence of a connection that must not go unnoticed. This study offers a refreshing twist on the often-heavy topic of air pollution and hotdog consumption, adding some relish to the field of environmental and culinary research.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
In recent years, the captivating world of competitive eating has emerged as a spectacle that both astounds and amuses. From the humble hot dog to the colossal casserole, these stomach-stretching contests have captured the imagination of food enthusiasts and researchers alike. In particular, the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition has become a celebrated annual event, showcasing the remarkable capacity of individuals to consume vast quantities of hot dogs in an astonishingly short period. It seems that when it comes to devouring hot dogs, the competitors truly relish the opportunity.
As we peer into the intriguing nexus of air pollution and hot dog consumption, it is essential to approach this correlation with a discerning eye. One might be tempted to dismiss this peculiar connection as mere "wiener whimsy," but our investigation has unearthed some sizzling insights that warrant further scrutiny. The link between air pollution levels in Vernal, Utah, and the voracious appetite for hot dogs demonstrated by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition champions beckons us to consider the potential factors at play.
Why did the hot dog break up with its girlfriend? She couldn't relish the idea of a long-term commitment. But when it comes to the bond between Vernal's air pollution and hot dog consumption, the commitment seems indisputable. It is not a mere mustard of coincidence but a substantial association that begs investigation and analysis.
The rather surprising synergy between these seemingly disparate phenomena serves as a reminder that correlation does not imply causation. While the idea of air pollution stirring up an appetite for franks may appear to be a half-baked theory, our rigorous analysis suggests otherwise. Our study aims to peel back the layers of this aromatic onion and shed light on the compelling relationship that may exist between Vernal's air quality and the insatiable hunger for hot dogs.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To investigate the tantalizing link between air pollution in Vernal, Utah, and the prodigious hot dog consumption seen in the esteemed Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition, we employed a range of methodological approaches that were as robust as a well-grilled hot dog on a summer day.

First, we obtained air quality data from the Environmental Protection Agency's air monitoring stations in Vernal from 1980 to 2022. These data encompassed key air pollutants such as ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. We then meticulously scrutinized the trends in air pollution levels, ensuring that no data points were sausaged in or out to skew the results.

Next, in the spirit of thoroughness, we turned to the boundless repository of knowledge that is Wikipedia. We gathered comprehensive historical information on Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition, meticulously documenting the hot dog consumption records of the competition champions during the same period. Burning the midnight oil, we sifted through the digital pages of information like dedicated s'more enthusiasts at a campfire.

Equipped with the data, we put on our statistical chef hats and fired up the grill of analytical techniques. In a display of mathematical prowess that would make even Pythagoras proud, we calculated correlation coefficients between the air pollution levels in Vernal and the staggering hot dog consumption figures from the competition.

Amidst the statistical calculations, we encountered our fair share of outliers and anomalies. However, we approached them with the same keen scrutiny one would employ when inspecting a suspiciously curvaceous cucumber. After robust discussions and several cups of coffee, we leveraged techniques such as linear regression analysis and time series modeling to tease out any potential patterns and relationships between the variables.

Why did the hot dog turn down a chance to become a millionaire? It couldn't ketchup with the spicy investment strategies. In contrast, our research team was determined to ketchup with all the potential nuances and intricacies of the data, leaving no condiment unturned in our quest for scientific thoroughness. After all, a story this juicy deserved nothing less.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Vernal, Utah and Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Wikipedia .

For the time period 1980 to 2022, you found a correlation 0.8077499, r-squared of 0.6524598, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Weiner, Weiner, Pollution's the Winner: A Link Between Vernal Air Pollution and Nathan's Hot Dog Consumption

[[ABSTRACT]]
Hot dog consumption, particularly within competitive eating circles, has long been a source of fascination and merriment. In this study, we delve into the curious connection between air pollution in Vernal, Utah and the amount of hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Wikipedia, we identified a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.8077499 and p < 0.01 for the years 1980 to 2022. Our findings suggest a compelling relationship between high levels of air pollution in Vernal and the staggering appetite for hotdogs seen in competitive eating circles.

It's truly a breath-taking revelation that the air in Vernal might have an influence on competitive hot dog consumption. As the research unfolded, we couldn't help but relish the results, even though the implications are quite frank. While we might have initially bratwurst our time on this analysis, the data must-ered up some compelling evidence of a connection that must not go unnoticed. This study offers a refreshing twist on the often-heavy topic of air pollution and hotdog consumption, adding some relish to the field of environmental and culinary research.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
In recent years, the captivating world of competitive eating has emerged as a spectacle that both astounds and amuses. From the humble hot dog to the colossal casserole, these stomach-stretching contests have captured the imagination of food enthusiasts and researchers alike. In particular, the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition has become a celebrated annual event, showcasing the remarkable capacity of individuals to consume vast quantities of hot dogs in an astonishingly short period. It seems that when it comes to devouring hot dogs, the competitors truly relish the opportunity.
As we peer into the intriguing nexus of air pollution and hot dog consumption, it is essential to approach this correlation with a discerning eye. One might be tempted to dismiss this peculiar connection as mere "wiener whimsy," but our investigation has unearthed some sizzling insights that warrant further scrutiny. The link between air pollution levels in Vernal, Utah, and the voracious appetite for hot dogs demonstrated by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition champions beckons us to consider the potential factors at play.
Why did the hot dog break up with its girlfriend? She couldn't relish the idea of a long-term commitment. But when it comes to the bond between Vernal's air pollution and hot dog consumption, the commitment seems indisputable. It is not a mere mustard of coincidence but a substantial association that begs investigation and analysis.
The rather surprising synergy between these seemingly disparate phenomena serves as a reminder that correlation does not imply causation. While the idea of air pollution stirring up an appetite for franks may appear to be a half-baked theory, our rigorous analysis suggests otherwise. Our study aims to peel back the layers of this aromatic onion and shed light on the compelling relationship that may exist between Vernal's air quality and the insatiable hunger for hot dogs.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

We have uncovered a statistically significant correlation between air pollution levels in Vernal, Utah, and the quantity of hotdogs consumed by the reigning champions of Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition. Our analysis revealed a robust correlation coefficient of 0.8077499, which indicates a strong positive relationship between the two variables. This suggests that as air pollution levels increase in Vernal, so does the number of hotdogs devoured by the competition champions.

This connection is not just a bunch of hot air; it's a real wiener! It seems that the air in Vernal might just be adding some extra "flavor" to the competitive hot dog consumption scene.

The r-squared value of 0.6524598 further strengthens the support for this relationship, indicating that approximately 65.2% of the variability in hotdog consumption can be explained by the variation in air pollution levels. This finding is nothing to "snout" at; it certainly lends weight to the argument that the quality of the air in Vernal is playing a significant role in shaping the appetites of competitive eaters.

As for the p-value of less than 0.01, well, let's just say it's as rare as a well-done steak at a hot dog eating competition. This indicates a high level of confidence in the observed association between Vernal's air pollution and the astonishing hotdog consumption display at Nathan's.

Now, for a closer look at the data, we present Fig. 1, a scatterplot that vividly illustrates the striking correlation between air pollution levels in Vernal and the number of hotdogs consumed by the competition champions. This figure serves as concrete visual evidence of the compelling relationship we have uncovered.

In conclusion, the connection between air pollution in Vernal, Utah, and the remarkable appetite for hot dogs displayed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition champions is a tantalizing topic that deserves further investigation. It's time to "ketchup" on the implications of this unexpected pairing and grill down into the underlying mechanisms at play.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Vernal, Utah and Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Weiner, Weiner, Pollution's the Winner: A Link Between Vernal Air Pollution and Nathan's Hot Dog Consumption

[[ABSTRACT]]
Hot dog consumption, particularly within competitive eating circles, has long been a source of fascination and merriment. In this study, we delve into the curious connection between air pollution in Vernal, Utah and the amount of hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Wikipedia, we identified a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.8077499 and p < 0.01 for the years 1980 to 2022. Our findings suggest a compelling relationship between high levels of air pollution in Vernal and the staggering appetite for hotdogs seen in competitive eating circles.

It's truly a breath-taking revelation that the air in Vernal might have an influence on competitive hot dog consumption. As the research unfolded, we couldn't help but relish the results, even though the implications are quite frank. While we might have initially bratwurst our time on this analysis, the data must-ered up some compelling evidence of a connection that must not go unnoticed. This study offers a refreshing twist on the often-heavy topic of air pollution and hotdog consumption, adding some relish to the field of environmental and culinary research.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
Numerous studies have sought to unravel the complex web of factors contributing to air pollution and its impact on public health and behavior. Smith and Doe (2015) found a significant association between air pollution levels and respiratory illnesses in urban areas, while Jones et al. (2018) highlighted the detrimental effects of air pollution on cardiovascular health. As we delve into the peculiar correlation between air pollution in Vernal, Utah, and the consumption of hot dogs by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition champions, our investigation presents a departure from traditional research in environmental and culinary sciences.
In "The Air We Breathe: A Comprehensive Analysis," the authors find that air pollution has wide-ranging implications for human health and well-being, raising concerns about the quality of life in affected regions. Similarly, "The Joy of Cooking: A Gastronomic Exploration" examines the cultural significance of food and the sensory experience associated with culinary consumption. These works provide a contextual backdrop for our inquiry, drawing attention to the intersection of environmental factors and gastronomic indulgence.
Adding a lighthearted touch to the scholarly landscape, the fictional works "Smoke and Sausages: A Tale of Culinary Intrigue" and "The Polluted Palate: A Whimsical Journey Through Contaminated Cuisines" offer imaginative narratives that interweave the themes of pollution and gastronomy in unexpected ways. While these titles may not feature in the annals of empirical research, they contribute to the broader conversation about the whimsical interplay of environmental elements and culinary preferences.
Now, as we turn to a more unconventional source of evidence, let us consider the social media musings that have captured the attention of online communities. Anecdotal accounts, such as the tweet by @HotDogFanatic83 claiming, "I always crave hot dogs when the air smells funky in Vernal #JustSaying," highlight the intriguing intersection of personal experiences and environmental cues. While the veracity of such posts may be subject to scrutiny, they offer a glimpse into the public consciousness regarding the purported connection between air quality and hot dog cravings.
In "How to Win Friends and Eat Hot Dogs: A Social Commentary," the authors explore the dynamics of communal gatherings and shared culinary experiences, shedding light on the societal fascination with competitive eating events. This body of literature underscores the cultural significance of food-related competitions and their integration into collective social rituals, paving the way for an examination of the nuanced relationship between environmental influences and culinary predilections.
Returning to the corpus of empirical research, we encounter a range of statistical analyses and epidemiological investigations that have elucidated the intricate interplay between environmental factors and human behavior. While the interdisciplinary nature of our inquiry may raise eyebrows, our findings illuminate a compelling correlation between air pollution in Vernal, Utah, and the prodigious consumption of hot dogs by esteemed competitive eaters. In doing so, our study not only adds a flavorful dimension to environmental research but also invites scholars to savor the unanticipated connections that emerge from seemingly disparate phenomena.
Why did the hot dog turn down a chance to star in a movie? It didn't want to be typecast as a "roll" model! As we explore the tantalizing overlap between air pollution in Vernal and the prodigious appetite for hot dogs, this joke serves as a light-hearted reminder that even the most unexpected connections can spark scholarly inquiry and culinary amusement.

[[RESULTS]]
We have uncovered a statistically significant correlation between air pollution levels in Vernal, Utah, and the quantity of hotdogs consumed by the reigning champions of Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition. Our analysis revealed a robust correlation coefficient of 0.8077499, which indicates a strong positive relationship between the two variables. This suggests that as air pollution levels increase in Vernal, so does the number of hotdogs devoured by the competition champions.
This connection is not just a bunch of hot air; it's a real wiener! It seems that the air in Vernal might just be adding some extra "flavor" to the competitive hot dog consumption scene.
The r-squared value of 0.6524598 further strengthens the support for this relationship, indicating that approximately 65.2% of the variability in hotdog consumption can be explained by the variation in air pollution levels. This finding is nothing to "snout" at; it certainly lends weight to the argument that the quality of the air in Vernal is playing a significant role in shaping the appetites of competitive eaters.
As for the p-value of less than 0.01, well, let's just say it's as rare as a well-done steak at a hot dog eating competition. This indicates a high level of confidence in the observed association between Vernal's air pollution and the astonishing hotdog consumption display at Nathan's.
Now, for a closer look at the data, we present Fig. 1, a scatterplot that vividly illustrates the striking correlation between air pollution levels in Vernal and the number of hotdogs consumed by the competition champions. This figure serves as concrete visual evidence of the compelling relationship we have uncovered.
In conclusion, the connection between air pollution in Vernal, Utah, and the remarkable appetite for hot dogs displayed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition champions is a tantalizing topic that deserves further investigation. It's time to "ketchup" on the implications of this unexpected pairing and grill down into the underlying mechanisms at play.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

Our findings reveal a compelling association between air pollution levels in Vernal, Utah, and the prodigious hot dog consumption witnessed at the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition. This unexpected correlation prompts a closer examination of the potential mechanisms underlying the influence of environmental factors on culinary indulgence. Our results not only corroborate prior research on the impact of air pollution on human behavior but also add a flavorful twist to the scholarly discourse in environmental and culinary sciences.

The statistically significant correlation coefficient of 0.8077499, along with a p-value of less than 0.01, underscores the robustness of the observed relationship. This finding, although initially met with skepticism, serves as a reminder that even the most unconventional pairings can yield meaningful insights. Indeed, the air in Vernal might just be adding an extra "kick" to the competitive hot dog consumption scene, reinforcing the intricate interplay between environmental cues and culinary preferences.

The r-squared value of 0.6524598 further reinforces the notion that a substantial proportion of the variation in hot dog consumption can be attributed to fluctuations in air pollution levels. This lends support to the hypothesis that the quality of the air in Vernal is intricately linked to the appetites of competitive eaters, providing a compelling premise for further exploration.

Our study not only confirms the unexpected correlation hinted at by anecdotal accounts and social media musings but also presents a stark departure from traditional investigations in environmental and culinary domains. While the connection between air pollution and respiratory or cardiovascular health is well-documented, the entwining of air quality and hot dog consumption introduces a unique dimension to the discourse, stimulating both scholarly curiosity and culinary amusement.

As we contemplate the implications of this unexpected pairing, it is crucial to consider the broader ramifications for public health and environmental policy. The revelation of a tangible link between air pollution in Vernal and the staggering appetite for hot dogs underscores the need for comprehensive approaches to mitigate environmental contamination and promote healthier culinary choices. By recognizing the potential impact of air quality on dietary preferences, policymakers and public health advocates can devise targeted interventions to address not only the immediate health effects of air pollution but also its subtle influence on culinary behaviors.

In unraveling this peculiar correlation, we have not only expanded the horizons of environmental and culinary research but also uncovered a "relish-able" connection that invites further exploration. By embracing unexpected intersections and honoring the jestful spirit of inquiry, we can embark on a journey that transcends disciplinary boundaries, offering a refreshing perspective on the delightful interplay of environmental elements and culinary predilections.

Why do hot dogs never tell secrets? Because they always get "relished" on social media! This lighthearted jest serves as a reminder of the whimsical nature of our inquiry and highlights the potential for scholarly engagement in uncovering unexpected connections that may fuel both intellectual curiosity and culinary amusement.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Vernal, Utah and Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Weiner, Weiner, Pollution's the Winner: A Link Between Vernal Air Pollution and Nathan's Hot Dog Consumption

[[ABSTRACT]]
Hot dog consumption, particularly within competitive eating circles, has long been a source of fascination and merriment. In this study, we delve into the curious connection between air pollution in Vernal, Utah and the amount of hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Wikipedia, we identified a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.8077499 and p < 0.01 for the years 1980 to 2022. Our findings suggest a compelling relationship between high levels of air pollution in Vernal and the staggering appetite for hotdogs seen in competitive eating circles.

It's truly a breath-taking revelation that the air in Vernal might have an influence on competitive hot dog consumption. As the research unfolded, we couldn't help but relish the results, even though the implications are quite frank. While we might have initially bratwurst our time on this analysis, the data must-ered up some compelling evidence of a connection that must not go unnoticed. This study offers a refreshing twist on the often-heavy topic of air pollution and hotdog consumption, adding some relish to the field of environmental and culinary research.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
In recent years, the captivating world of competitive eating has emerged as a spectacle that both astounds and amuses. From the humble hot dog to the colossal casserole, these stomach-stretching contests have captured the imagination of food enthusiasts and researchers alike. In particular, the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition has become a celebrated annual event, showcasing the remarkable capacity of individuals to consume vast quantities of hot dogs in an astonishingly short period. It seems that when it comes to devouring hot dogs, the competitors truly relish the opportunity.
As we peer into the intriguing nexus of air pollution and hot dog consumption, it is essential to approach this correlation with a discerning eye. One might be tempted to dismiss this peculiar connection as mere "wiener whimsy," but our investigation has unearthed some sizzling insights that warrant further scrutiny. The link between air pollution levels in Vernal, Utah, and the voracious appetite for hot dogs demonstrated by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition champions beckons us to consider the potential factors at play.
Why did the hot dog break up with its girlfriend? She couldn't relish the idea of a long-term commitment. But when it comes to the bond between Vernal's air pollution and hot dog consumption, the commitment seems indisputable. It is not a mere mustard of coincidence but a substantial association that begs investigation and analysis.
The rather surprising synergy between these seemingly disparate phenomena serves as a reminder that correlation does not imply causation. While the idea of air pollution stirring up an appetite for franks may appear to be a half-baked theory, our rigorous analysis suggests otherwise. Our study aims to peel back the layers of this aromatic onion and shed light on the compelling relationship that may exist between Vernal's air quality and the insatiable hunger for hot dogs.

[[RESULTS]]
We have uncovered a statistically significant correlation between air pollution levels in Vernal, Utah, and the quantity of hotdogs consumed by the reigning champions of Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition. Our analysis revealed a robust correlation coefficient of 0.8077499, which indicates a strong positive relationship between the two variables. This suggests that as air pollution levels increase in Vernal, so does the number of hotdogs devoured by the competition champions.
This connection is not just a bunch of hot air; it's a real wiener! It seems that the air in Vernal might just be adding some extra "flavor" to the competitive hot dog consumption scene.
The r-squared value of 0.6524598 further strengthens the support for this relationship, indicating that approximately 65.2% of the variability in hotdog consumption can be explained by the variation in air pollution levels. This finding is nothing to "snout" at; it certainly lends weight to the argument that the quality of the air in Vernal is playing a significant role in shaping the appetites of competitive eaters.
As for the p-value of less than 0.01, well, let's just say it's as rare as a well-done steak at a hot dog eating competition. This indicates a high level of confidence in the observed association between Vernal's air pollution and the astonishing hotdog consumption display at Nathan's.
Now, for a closer look at the data, we present Fig. 1, a scatterplot that vividly illustrates the striking correlation between air pollution levels in Vernal and the number of hotdogs consumed by the competition champions. This figure serves as concrete visual evidence of the compelling relationship we have uncovered.
In conclusion, the connection between air pollution in Vernal, Utah, and the remarkable appetite for hot dogs displayed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition champions is a tantalizing topic that deserves further investigation. It's time to "ketchup" on the implications of this unexpected pairing and grill down into the underlying mechanisms at play.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In concluding our study on the intriguing relationship between air pollution in Vernal, Utah, and the prodigious hot dog consumption by the revered champions of Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition, we find ourselves in a bit of a pickle! Our findings have indeed brought some flavor to the table, shedding light on a correlation that is as tantalizing as a perfectly grilled bratwurst.

Our results have sausaged us with a statistically significant correlation coefficient of 0.8077499, leaving no doubt about the strength of the association between Vernal's air pollution levels and the astonishing appetite for hot dogs displayed by the competition champions. It appears that the air in Vernal might just have a knack for inflating the number of hotdogs being devoured!

The r-squared value of 0.6524598 further beefs up our case, suggesting that approximately 65.2% of the variability in hotdog consumption can be attributed to the variation in air pollution levels. It seems that Vernal's air quality is not just a silent bystander; it's an active player in shaping the gustatory interests of competitive eaters.

Our p-value of less than 0.01 serves as a firm reminder that this connection is not a mere fluke; it's as rare as a hot dog without mustard. With a high level of confidence in our observed association, it's time for us to relish in the flavorful implications of this unexpected pairing.

In light of these compelling findings, it's safe to say that further research in this area might be the wurst idea. We can confidently assert that this study has mustard up all the evidence needed to establish a meaningful link between Vernal's air pollution and the staggering hotdog consumption at Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition. It's time for us to let this topic rest in peace, or should we say, in pieces.

It's like they say, "Never trust people who do not like hot dogs; they're the wurst." But when it comes to the association between Vernal's air pollution and hot dog consumption, this research leaves no room for skepticism. It's a wrap!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Weiner, Weiner, Pollution's the Winner: A Link Between Vernal Air Pollution and Nathan's Hot Dog Consumption. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Gastronomical Pollution Studies


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Weiner, Weiner, Pollution's the Winner: A Link Between Vernal Air Pollution and Nathan's Hot Dog Consumption. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Center for Sausage Studies


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Weiner, Weiner, Pollution's the Winner: A Link Between Vernal Air Pollution and Nathan's Hot Dog Consumption with an abstract of Hot dog consumption, particularly within competitive eating circles, has long been a source of fascination and merriment. In this study, we delve into the curious connection between air pollution in Vernal, Utah and the amount of hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Wikipedia, we identified a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.8077499 and p < 0.01 for the years 1980 to 2022. Our findings suggest a compelling relationship between high levels of air pollution in Vernal and the staggering appetite for hotdogs seen in competitive eating circles.
It's truly a breath-taking revelation that the air in Vernal might have an influence on competitive hot dog consumption. As the research unfolded, we couldn't help but relish the results, even though the implications are quite frank. While we might have initially bratwurst our time on this analysis, the data must-ered up some compelling evidence of a connection that must not go unnoticed. This study offers a refreshing twist on the often-heavy topic of air pollution and hotdog consumption, adding some relish to the field of environmental and culinary research.

ChatGPT:

Vernal, Utah, air pollution, Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition, hot dog consumption, competitive eating, correlation, Environmental Protection Agency, Wikipedia, data analysis, research findings

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

Air pollution in Vernal, Utah
Detailed data title: Percentage of days with moderate or worse air quality in Vernal, UT
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air pollution in Vernal, Utah

Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion
Detailed data title: Hotdog Consumption by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion
Source: Wikipedia
See what else correlates with Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion

Correlation r = 0.8077499 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.6524598 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 65.2% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Air pollution in Vernal, Utah) over the 43 years from 1980 through 2022.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 5.9E-11. 0.0000000000590195336123052600
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.81 in 5.9E-9% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 16,943,542,905 random variables You don't actually need 16 billion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 42 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 42 because we have two variables measured over a period of 43 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.67, 0.89 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
1980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022
Air pollution in Vernal, Utah (Bad air quality days)0.446429006.741570000000000000000000000041.104354.216930.31554.794546.301452.45963.287735.616431.780831.967243.013748.219238.904130.327939.178129.0411
Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion (Hotdogs eaten)9.5111110.59.511.7515.513.51015.51621.519172019.522.2524.51920.25255050.544.553.334953.7566596854626869616270727471757663




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,237 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 636,906,169 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([0.446429,0,0,6.74157,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,41.1043,54.2169,30.315,54.7945,46.3014,52.459,63.2877,35.6164,31.7808,31.9672,43.0137,48.2192,38.9041,30.3279,39.1781,29.0411,])
array_2 = np.array([9.5,11,11,10.5,9.5,11.75,15.5,13.5,10,15.5,16,21.5,19,17,20,19.5,22.25,24.5,19,20.25,25,50,50.5,44.5,53.33,49,53.75,66,59,68,54,62,68,69,61,62,70,72,74,71,75,76,63,])
array_1_name = "Air pollution in Vernal, Utah"
array_2_name = "Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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Correlation ID: 5417 · Black Variable ID: 21390 · Red Variable ID: 500
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