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Spurious correlation #5,326 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Arizona and the second variable is Biomass power generated in Uganda.  The chart goes from 2000 to 2020, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

As more people in Arizona voted for the Libertarian Presidential candidate, it created a ripple effect of embracing non-traditional options. This led to a surge in support for alternative energy sources. In an unexpected turn of events, this newfound interest in liberty and independence resonated all the way to Uganda, inspiring greater investment in biomass power generation. It's like the butterfly effect, but with a political twist and a biomass bonanza. Who knew that the road to energy abundance could be intertwined with the political landscape of Arizona!

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Create an eerie image showing the juxtaposition of a stark futuristic concept and ancient tribal elements. In the foreground, a simmering biomass power plant looms ominously, its metallic structures casting long, creeping shadows over the desert landscape of Arizona. At the same time, nestled within the twisted metal framework, a forbidding figure stands, draped in traditional tribal attire. The scene is infused with an unsettling sense of contrast, as the figure's face is obscured in shadow, hinting at a deep, unknowable power emanating from the connection between ancient and modern energy influences. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Arizona and Biomass power generated in Uganda. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Cute 2D animation Symbolism Macabre Celtic art Macabre
ChatGPT: Macabre

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Arizona and Biomass power generated in Uganda, in the following situation: As more people in Arizona voted for the Libertarian Presidential candidate, it created a ripple effect of embracing non-traditional options. This led to a surge in support for alternative energy sources. In an unexpected turn of events, this newfound interest in liberty and independence resonated all the way to Uganda, inspiring greater investment in biomass power generation. It's like the butterfly effect, but with a political twist and a biomass bonanza. Who knew that the road to energy abundance could be intertwined with the political landscape of Arizona!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In Arizona, an increasing number of citizens proudly cast their votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate, embracing a shift towards non-traditional options. This momentum sparked a surge in support for alternative energy sources, leading to a vibrant wave of interest in biomass power generation. Meanwhile, across the globe in Uganda, this newfound sense of liberty echoed, inspiring greater investment in the development of biomass power, creating a web of interconnected energy abundance and political influence.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Macabre ] and depicting this scene: In Arizona, an increasing number of citizens proudly cast their votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate, embracing a shift towards non-traditional options. This momentum sparked a surge in support for alternative energy sources, leading to a vibrant wave of interest in biomass power generation. Meanwhile, across the globe in Uganda, this newfound sense of liberty echoed, inspiring greater investment in the development of biomass power, creating a web of interconnected energy abundance and political influence. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Create an eerie image showing the juxtaposition of a stark futuristic concept and ancient tribal elements. In the foreground, a simmering biomass power plant looms ominously, its metallic structures casting long, creeping shadows over the desert landscape of Arizona. At the same time, nestled within the twisted metal framework, a forbidding figure stands, draped in traditional tribal attire. The scene is infused with an unsettling sense of contrast, as the figure's face is obscured in shadow, hinting at a deep, unknowable power emanating from the connection between ancient and modern energy influences.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Arizona caused Biomass power generated in Uganda to increase. Make it feel plausible.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
From Libertarian Votes in Arizona to Biomass Might in Uganda: A Correlation That Leaves Us in Stitches

The International Journal of Whimsical Correlations

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Arizona and Biomass power generated in Uganda. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Make the title punny if you can come up with clever pun. If not, just make it sound clever.

Your research team used data from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse and Energy Information Administration to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9689452 and p < 0.01 for 2000 to 2020.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
From Libertarian Votes in Arizona to Biomass Might in Uganda: A Correlation That Leaves Us in Stitches

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the unexpected and seemingly unrelated realms of political preferences in Arizona and the biomass power generated in Uganda, seeking to uncover any hidden connections between the two. Our research team, armed with data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, set out to investigate this peculiar association, which some may view as akin to comparing apples and oranges. As we embarked on this whimsical journey, we stumbled upon a correlation coefficient of 0.9689452 and a p-value < 0.01 for the years 2000 to 2020, leaving us pleasantly surprised and slightly puzzled. It turns out, there may be more to the libertarian leanings of Arizona and the biomass might of Uganda than meets the eye, proving that even in the realm of statistical analysis, expect the unexpected - it's a wild world out there!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Arizona and Biomass power generated in Uganda. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
From Libertarian Votes in Arizona to Biomass Might in Uganda: A Correlation That Leaves Us in Stitches

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the unexpected and seemingly unrelated realms of political preferences in Arizona and the biomass power generated in Uganda, seeking to uncover any hidden connections between the two. Our research team, armed with data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, set out to investigate this peculiar association, which some may view as akin to comparing apples and oranges. As we embarked on this whimsical journey, we stumbled upon a correlation coefficient of 0.9689452 and a p-value < 0.01 for the years 2000 to 2020, leaving us pleasantly surprised and slightly puzzled. It turns out, there may be more to the libertarian leanings of Arizona and the biomass might of Uganda than meets the eye, proving that even in the realm of statistical analysis, expect the unexpected - it's a wild world out there!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

In this peculiar and somewhat ludicrous study, we set out to explore the enigmatic relationship between the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Arizona and the biomass power generated in Uganda. Our endeavor was met with skepticism and befuddlement from colleagues, who couldn't resist asking, "What's the connection, and why should we care?" Well, we'll answer the first question shortly, but as for the second - because who doesn't love a good statistical mystery with a dash of international intrigue?

Now, onto the meat of the matter. When we first stumbled upon the idea of examining the political inclinations in the Grand Canyon State and the renewable energy prowess in the Pearl of Africa, our advisors were quick to quip, "Are you trying to find the 'political power' behind biomass, or are you just a plant enthusiast with a penchant for presidential elections?" Oh, the puns – folks, you just can't beet them!

Armed with data from MIT and Harvard, we used rigorous statistical methods to conduct our analysis, akin to a detective trying to crack a case where the only clues seem to be as mismatched as peanut butter and pickles. But lo and behold, as we crunched the numbers, we discovered a correlation coefficient so strong it could make even the most skeptical statistician's monocle pop out in surprise. It seems the libertarian votes in Arizona and the biomass power in Uganda are more intertwined than a pair of overzealous spider monkeys in a jungle gym.

While some may view this unexpected correlation as the statistical equivalent of finding a unicorn in a haystack, we are here to assure you that these findings are not just statistical noise or a mere coincidence. So, let's strap in and get ready for a rollercoaster ride through the wacky world of data analysis and electoral whims - we promise it'll be a hoot!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Arizona and Biomass power generated in Uganda. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Perhaps you also got inspiration from some board games that are vaugely related.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
From Libertarian Votes in Arizona to Biomass Might in Uganda: A Correlation That Leaves Us in Stitches

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the unexpected and seemingly unrelated realms of political preferences in Arizona and the biomass power generated in Uganda, seeking to uncover any hidden connections between the two. Our research team, armed with data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, set out to investigate this peculiar association, which some may view as akin to comparing apples and oranges. As we embarked on this whimsical journey, we stumbled upon a correlation coefficient of 0.9689452 and a p-value < 0.01 for the years 2000 to 2020, leaving us pleasantly surprised and slightly puzzled. It turns out, there may be more to the libertarian leanings of Arizona and the biomass might of Uganda than meets the eye, proving that even in the realm of statistical analysis, expect the unexpected - it's a wild world out there!

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
In this peculiar and somewhat ludicrous study, we set out to explore the enigmatic relationship between the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Arizona and the biomass power generated in Uganda. Our endeavor was met with skepticism and befuddlement from colleagues, who couldn't resist asking, "What's the connection, and why should we care?" Well, we'll answer the first question shortly, but as for the second - because who doesn't love a good statistical mystery with a dash of international intrigue?
Now, onto the meat of the matter. When we first stumbled upon the idea of examining the political inclinations in the Grand Canyon State and the renewable energy prowess in the Pearl of Africa, our advisors were quick to quip, "Are you trying to find the 'political power' behind biomass, or are you just a plant enthusiast with a penchant for presidential elections?" Oh, the puns – folks, you just can't beet them!
Armed with data from MIT and Harvard, we used rigorous statistical methods to conduct our analysis, akin to a detective trying to crack a case where the only clues seem to be as mismatched as peanut butter and pickles. But lo and behold, as we crunched the numbers, we discovered a correlation coefficient so strong it could make even the most skeptical statistician's monocle pop out in surprise. It seems the libertarian votes in Arizona and the biomass power in Uganda are more intertwined than a pair of overzealous spider monkeys in a jungle gym.
While some may view this unexpected correlation as the statistical equivalent of finding a unicorn in a haystack, we are here to assure you that these findings are not just statistical noise or a mere coincidence. So, let's strap in and get ready for a rollercoaster ride through the wacky world of data analysis and electoral whims - we promise it'll be a hoot!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

In "Smith et al.," the authors find a strong relationship between political preferences and renewable energy utilization, sparking our curiosity and paving the way for this whimsical inquiry. The notion that the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Arizona could be linked to the biomass power generated in Uganda initially seemed as improbable as finding a needle in a haystack, or even rarer, a politician keeping their promises – now that's a statistical anomaly!

However, as we dived deeper into the literature, we encountered "Doe's" work, which expounded on the intricate web of international political ideologies and their influence on energy practices. It was as if a light bulb had lit up in a dark room, illuminating the path towards this quixotic quest for correlation between Arizona votes and Ugandan biomass. You could say it was a light bulb powered by biomass energy – sustainable and illuminating!

In "Jones' exploration of global energy trends," we were drawn to the idea of transcending geographic barriers in our analysis, like exploring the correlation between cheese consumption in France and the number of Nobel laureates – doubtful but delightful. It was almost as if the universe was beckoning us, nudging us to unravel the mysteries of statistical shenanigans, which is quite the 'whale' of a task!

With the influence of fictional literature in mind, we turned to "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" by Douglas Adams, reminding us that the universe is a peculiar place and that anything, no matter how improbable, is possible. And so, armed with this mantra, we embarked on our statistical odyssey, ready to embrace the absurdity of our pursuit like a Vogon embracing bad poetry – with gusto and a hint of confusion!

Taking inspiration from the classic board game "Clue," we approached our investigation as if we were searching for the elusive murderer in a game of deductive reasoning, only instead of "Colonel Mustard in the library with the candlestick," we were seeking the connection between "Arizona libertarian votes" and "Ugandan biomass power" with the power of statistical analysis. It was like playing a cryptic game of connecting the dots – with the added perplexity of trying to connect dots that seemed miles apart!

The real push for our inquiry, however, came from the unlikeliest of sources: "The Mysterious Case of the Correlated Crossword" by Agatha Christie. In this fictional tale, the protagonist unravels a series of peculiar connections that at first appear utterly unrelated, leading us to realize that correlations, much like clues in a mystery novel, may be hidden in plain sight. It was like finding the missing puzzle piece under the couch – unexpected, but oh so satisfying!

So, with an amalgamation of real and imaginary sources guiding our journey, we invite you to join us on this wacky expedition, reminding ourselves that sometimes the most surprising connections lie where we least expect them – much like finding a pirate's treasure map in a library book about astrophysics.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Arizona and Biomass power generated in Uganda. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse and Energy Information Administration . You used data from 2000 to 2020

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
From Libertarian Votes in Arizona to Biomass Might in Uganda: A Correlation That Leaves Us in Stitches

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the unexpected and seemingly unrelated realms of political preferences in Arizona and the biomass power generated in Uganda, seeking to uncover any hidden connections between the two. Our research team, armed with data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, set out to investigate this peculiar association, which some may view as akin to comparing apples and oranges. As we embarked on this whimsical journey, we stumbled upon a correlation coefficient of 0.9689452 and a p-value < 0.01 for the years 2000 to 2020, leaving us pleasantly surprised and slightly puzzled. It turns out, there may be more to the libertarian leanings of Arizona and the biomass might of Uganda than meets the eye, proving that even in the realm of statistical analysis, expect the unexpected - it's a wild world out there!

[[INTRODUCTION]]
In this peculiar and somewhat ludicrous study, we set out to explore the enigmatic relationship between the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Arizona and the biomass power generated in Uganda. Our endeavor was met with skepticism and befuddlement from colleagues, who couldn't resist asking, "What's the connection, and why should we care?" Well, we'll answer the first question shortly, but as for the second - because who doesn't love a good statistical mystery with a dash of international intrigue?
Now, onto the meat of the matter. When we first stumbled upon the idea of examining the political inclinations in the Grand Canyon State and the renewable energy prowess in the Pearl of Africa, our advisors were quick to quip, "Are you trying to find the 'political power' behind biomass, or are you just a plant enthusiast with a penchant for presidential elections?" Oh, the puns – folks, you just can't beet them!
Armed with data from MIT and Harvard, we used rigorous statistical methods to conduct our analysis, akin to a detective trying to crack a case where the only clues seem to be as mismatched as peanut butter and pickles. But lo and behold, as we crunched the numbers, we discovered a correlation coefficient so strong it could make even the most skeptical statistician's monocle pop out in surprise. It seems the libertarian votes in Arizona and the biomass power in Uganda are more intertwined than a pair of overzealous spider monkeys in a jungle gym.
While some may view this unexpected correlation as the statistical equivalent of finding a unicorn in a haystack, we are here to assure you that these findings are not just statistical noise or a mere coincidence. So, let's strap in and get ready for a rollercoaster ride through the wacky world of data analysis and electoral whims - we promise it'll be a hoot!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To unearth the hidden connections between the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Arizona and the biomass power generated in Uganda, we employed a range of methodological approaches that were as diverse as the two subjects themselves. Our data collection process resembled a scavenger hunt, with our research team meticulously sifting through the digital troves of the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, like determined spelunkers searching for statistical treasure amidst the data caves of the internet.

We began by gathering state-level voting data for the Libertarian candidate in Arizona, keeping an eye out for any anomalies that might have stemmed from a stray cactus influencing the ballot box. Similarly, to measure the biomass power generated in Uganda, we embraced the enigma of international energy statistics, navigating through the labyrinthine pathways of power production data as though we were on an eccentric safari through the wilds of the renewable energy landscape.

Next, we engaged in a rigorous process of data cleaning and preparation, akin to grooming a ferocious lion into a fluffy housecat (albeit, with less hairballs). We identified outliers and inconsistencies in the data, ensuring that our statistical investigation was built upon a foundation as sturdy as a cactus in the Arizona desert – and no, we won't desert you without a chuckle-inducing plant pun!

After the data grooming exercise, we channeled our inner Sherlock Holmes and Watson, employing bivariate correlation analysis to investigate the potential relationship between the two seemingly unrelated variables. With a keen eye for detail and a touch of statistical panache, we computed correlation coefficients with the fervor of a magician pulling a rabbit out of a hat, albeit with more p-values and fewer top hats.

But wait, here comes the punchline – our selection of statistical models didn't stop there! We delved into time-series analysis, embracing the temporal nuances of the data like a group of archeologists carefully brushing the dust off ancient artifacts. Through this approach, we sought to unravel any temporal dependencies that might reveal the intricate dance between libertarian leanings in Arizona and the ebb and flow of biomass power generation in Uganda.

Lastly, to add an extra layer of statistical scrutiny, we subjected our findings to a battery of robustness checks that would make even the most steadfast skeptic raise an eyebrow. We embraced sensitivity analyses and bootstrapping methods, akin to a cautious traveler checking and rechecking their luggage before embarking on a whimsical journey through the statistical landscape.

With our methodologies as eclectic as a menu at a fusion restaurant, we embraced the idiosyncrasies and complexities of our chosen research domains, all the while ensuring that our analysis was as robust and rigorous as a dad joke at a family gathering. And speaking of dad jokes – did you hear about the mathematician who’s afraid of negative numbers? He’ll stop at nothing to avoid them!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Arizona and Biomass power generated in Uganda. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse and Energy Information Administration .

For the time period 2000 to 2020, you found a correlation 0.9689452, r-squared of 0.9388549, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
From Libertarian Votes in Arizona to Biomass Might in Uganda: A Correlation That Leaves Us in Stitches

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the unexpected and seemingly unrelated realms of political preferences in Arizona and the biomass power generated in Uganda, seeking to uncover any hidden connections between the two. Our research team, armed with data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, set out to investigate this peculiar association, which some may view as akin to comparing apples and oranges. As we embarked on this whimsical journey, we stumbled upon a correlation coefficient of 0.9689452 and a p-value < 0.01 for the years 2000 to 2020, leaving us pleasantly surprised and slightly puzzled. It turns out, there may be more to the libertarian leanings of Arizona and the biomass might of Uganda than meets the eye, proving that even in the realm of statistical analysis, expect the unexpected - it's a wild world out there!

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
In this peculiar and somewhat ludicrous study, we set out to explore the enigmatic relationship between the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Arizona and the biomass power generated in Uganda. Our endeavor was met with skepticism and befuddlement from colleagues, who couldn't resist asking, "What's the connection, and why should we care?" Well, we'll answer the first question shortly, but as for the second - because who doesn't love a good statistical mystery with a dash of international intrigue?
Now, onto the meat of the matter. When we first stumbled upon the idea of examining the political inclinations in the Grand Canyon State and the renewable energy prowess in the Pearl of Africa, our advisors were quick to quip, "Are you trying to find the 'political power' behind biomass, or are you just a plant enthusiast with a penchant for presidential elections?" Oh, the puns – folks, you just can't beet them!
Armed with data from MIT and Harvard, we used rigorous statistical methods to conduct our analysis, akin to a detective trying to crack a case where the only clues seem to be as mismatched as peanut butter and pickles. But lo and behold, as we crunched the numbers, we discovered a correlation coefficient so strong it could make even the most skeptical statistician's monocle pop out in surprise. It seems the libertarian votes in Arizona and the biomass power in Uganda are more intertwined than a pair of overzealous spider monkeys in a jungle gym.
While some may view this unexpected correlation as the statistical equivalent of finding a unicorn in a haystack, we are here to assure you that these findings are not just statistical noise or a mere coincidence. So, let's strap in and get ready for a rollercoaster ride through the wacky world of data analysis and electoral whims - we promise it'll be a hoot!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

Our investigation into the correlation between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Arizona and the biomass power generated in Uganda yielded astonishing results. We found a robust correlation coefficient of 0.9689452, indicating a remarkably strong positive relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. It's as if peanut butter found its perfect match in jelly, or in this case, Arizona found its match in Ugandan biomass power production. You might say they're a real pair of "power" couples!

The r-squared value of 0.9388549 further confirms the strength of this correlation, suggesting that approximately 93.89% of the variability in biomass power generated in Uganda can be explained by the votes for the Libertarian candidate in Arizona. That's a significantly high explanatory power for what many would consider an unlikely association. It's almost as surprising as finding a four-leaf clover in the Arizona desert – a statistical stroke of luck, if you will!

Additionally, the p-value of less than 0.01 provides strong evidence against the null hypothesis, further supporting the existence of a significant relationship between these two variables. The chances of this correlation occurring by random chance are less likely than winning a stuffed teddy bear at the state fair – statistically speaking, of course!

Furthermore, our findings are visually represented in Figure 1, which displays a scatterplot illustrating the undeniable connection between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Arizona and the biomass power generated in Uganda. It's like a visual "aha" moment, where the data points seem to hold hands and dance in perfect statistical harmony. It's a sight to behold, much like witnessing a unicorn gracefully prancing through the wilderness!

In conclusion, our results provide compelling evidence of a surprisingly strong correlation between the political preferences in Arizona and the renewable energy output in Uganda. The statistical significance of this association may challenge conventional wisdom and ignite curiosity in the unlikeliest of places. As we reflect on our findings, we can't help but marvel at the unpredictable and whimsical nature of statistical analysis – it's a captivating world where unlikely connections can reveal themselves in the most unexpected of ways.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Arizona and Biomass power generated in Uganda. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
From Libertarian Votes in Arizona to Biomass Might in Uganda: A Correlation That Leaves Us in Stitches

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the unexpected and seemingly unrelated realms of political preferences in Arizona and the biomass power generated in Uganda, seeking to uncover any hidden connections between the two. Our research team, armed with data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, set out to investigate this peculiar association, which some may view as akin to comparing apples and oranges. As we embarked on this whimsical journey, we stumbled upon a correlation coefficient of 0.9689452 and a p-value < 0.01 for the years 2000 to 2020, leaving us pleasantly surprised and slightly puzzled. It turns out, there may be more to the libertarian leanings of Arizona and the biomass might of Uganda than meets the eye, proving that even in the realm of statistical analysis, expect the unexpected - it's a wild world out there!

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In "Smith et al.," the authors find a strong relationship between political preferences and renewable energy utilization, sparking our curiosity and paving the way for this whimsical inquiry. The notion that the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Arizona could be linked to the biomass power generated in Uganda initially seemed as improbable as finding a needle in a haystack, or even rarer, a politician keeping their promises – now that's a statistical anomaly!
However, as we dived deeper into the literature, we encountered "Doe's" work, which expounded on the intricate web of international political ideologies and their influence on energy practices. It was as if a light bulb had lit up in a dark room, illuminating the path towards this quixotic quest for correlation between Arizona votes and Ugandan biomass. You could say it was a light bulb powered by biomass energy – sustainable and illuminating!
In "Jones' exploration of global energy trends," we were drawn to the idea of transcending geographic barriers in our analysis, like exploring the correlation between cheese consumption in France and the number of Nobel laureates – doubtful but delightful. It was almost as if the universe was beckoning us, nudging us to unravel the mysteries of statistical shenanigans, which is quite the 'whale' of a task!
With the influence of fictional literature in mind, we turned to "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" by Douglas Adams, reminding us that the universe is a peculiar place and that anything, no matter how improbable, is possible. And so, armed with this mantra, we embarked on our statistical odyssey, ready to embrace the absurdity of our pursuit like a Vogon embracing bad poetry – with gusto and a hint of confusion!
Taking inspiration from the classic board game "Clue," we approached our investigation as if we were searching for the elusive murderer in a game of deductive reasoning, only instead of "Colonel Mustard in the library with the candlestick," we were seeking the connection between "Arizona libertarian votes" and "Ugandan biomass power" with the power of statistical analysis. It was like playing a cryptic game of connecting the dots – with the added perplexity of trying to connect dots that seemed miles apart!
The real push for our inquiry, however, came from the unlikeliest of sources: "The Mysterious Case of the Correlated Crossword" by Agatha Christie. In this fictional tale, the protagonist unravels a series of peculiar connections that at first appear utterly unrelated, leading us to realize that correlations, much like clues in a mystery novel, may be hidden in plain sight. It was like finding the missing puzzle piece under the couch – unexpected, but oh so satisfying!
So, with an amalgamation of real and imaginary sources guiding our journey, we invite you to join us on this wacky expedition, reminding ourselves that sometimes the most surprising connections lie where we least expect them – much like finding a pirate's treasure map in a library book about astrophysics.

[[RESULTS]]
Our investigation into the correlation between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Arizona and the biomass power generated in Uganda yielded astonishing results. We found a robust correlation coefficient of 0.9689452, indicating a remarkably strong positive relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. It's as if peanut butter found its perfect match in jelly, or in this case, Arizona found its match in Ugandan biomass power production. You might say they're a real pair of "power" couples!
The r-squared value of 0.9388549 further confirms the strength of this correlation, suggesting that approximately 93.89% of the variability in biomass power generated in Uganda can be explained by the votes for the Libertarian candidate in Arizona. That's a significantly high explanatory power for what many would consider an unlikely association. It's almost as surprising as finding a four-leaf clover in the Arizona desert – a statistical stroke of luck, if you will!
Additionally, the p-value of less than 0.01 provides strong evidence against the null hypothesis, further supporting the existence of a significant relationship between these two variables. The chances of this correlation occurring by random chance are less likely than winning a stuffed teddy bear at the state fair – statistically speaking, of course!
Furthermore, our findings are visually represented in Figure 1, which displays a scatterplot illustrating the undeniable connection between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Arizona and the biomass power generated in Uganda. It's like a visual "aha" moment, where the data points seem to hold hands and dance in perfect statistical harmony. It's a sight to behold, much like witnessing a unicorn gracefully prancing through the wilderness!
In conclusion, our results provide compelling evidence of a surprisingly strong correlation between the political preferences in Arizona and the renewable energy output in Uganda. The statistical significance of this association may challenge conventional wisdom and ignite curiosity in the unlikeliest of places. As we reflect on our findings, we can't help but marvel at the unpredictable and whimsical nature of statistical analysis – it's a captivating world where unlikely connections can reveal themselves in the most unexpected of ways.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our study sets out to unravel the perplexing connection between Libertarian votes in Arizona and biomass power generated in Uganda, two seemingly incongruous entities that, against all odds, appear to share a remarkable correlation. Like a magician pulling a rabbit out of a hat, our findings astound and entertain, leaving us pondering the whimsical mysteries of statistical analysis. It's as if politics and renewable energy have decided to dance the tango together - a surprising but oh-so-statistically satisfying partnership.

The unexpected link we've unearthed echoes the work of Smith et al., who hinted at the intertwining of political preferences and renewable energy utilization. Likewise, Doe's intricate web of international political ideologies influencing energy practices seems to have paved the way for this discovery, almost like a breadcrumb trail leading us to the statistical pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. It's as if the statistical stars have aligned, and we've uncovered a correlation that, much like a good dad joke, defies all expectations.

Our results fortify the previous research by revealing a robust correlation coefficient of 0.9689452, affirming the unanticipated tie between votes for the Libertarian candidate in Arizona and biomass power in Uganda. Picture this: Arizona and Ugandan biomass power holding hands, strolling through the statistical park, proving that even in the world of numbers, some love stories are meant to be. It's like witnessing a mathematical meet-cute - unexpected, but undeniably heartwarming.

The r-squared value of 0.9388549 further cements this mind-boggling relationship, demonstrating that approximately 93.89% of the variability in Ugandan biomass power can be accounted for by the libertarian leanings of Arizona. It's a statistical partnership so strong, it's akin to finding your statistical soulmate – a rare occurrence, indeed.

Moreover, with a p-value of less than 0.01, our results obliterate the null hypothesis, providing stronger evidence for the existence of this unlikely yet significant relationship. This statistical victory is akin to winning a game of statistical roulette - a thrilling triumph, with odds stacked in our favor.

As we process these findings, it becomes evident that in the wild and whimsical world of statistical analysis, even the most improbable connections can surprise and inspire. So, let's raise our metaphorical statistical glasses to the unexpected, to the quirky, and to the delightfully absurd - for in the realm of data, as in life, the most unexpected correlations often hold the greatest wisdom. So, here's to statistical adventures that leave us in stitches, and a world where political preferences in Arizona can hold the statistical key to Ugandan biomass power.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Arizona and Biomass power generated in Uganda. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
From Libertarian Votes in Arizona to Biomass Might in Uganda: A Correlation That Leaves Us in Stitches

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the unexpected and seemingly unrelated realms of political preferences in Arizona and the biomass power generated in Uganda, seeking to uncover any hidden connections between the two. Our research team, armed with data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, set out to investigate this peculiar association, which some may view as akin to comparing apples and oranges. As we embarked on this whimsical journey, we stumbled upon a correlation coefficient of 0.9689452 and a p-value < 0.01 for the years 2000 to 2020, leaving us pleasantly surprised and slightly puzzled. It turns out, there may be more to the libertarian leanings of Arizona and the biomass might of Uganda than meets the eye, proving that even in the realm of statistical analysis, expect the unexpected - it's a wild world out there!

[[INTRDUCTION]]
In this peculiar and somewhat ludicrous study, we set out to explore the enigmatic relationship between the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Arizona and the biomass power generated in Uganda. Our endeavor was met with skepticism and befuddlement from colleagues, who couldn't resist asking, "What's the connection, and why should we care?" Well, we'll answer the first question shortly, but as for the second - because who doesn't love a good statistical mystery with a dash of international intrigue?
Now, onto the meat of the matter. When we first stumbled upon the idea of examining the political inclinations in the Grand Canyon State and the renewable energy prowess in the Pearl of Africa, our advisors were quick to quip, "Are you trying to find the 'political power' behind biomass, or are you just a plant enthusiast with a penchant for presidential elections?" Oh, the puns – folks, you just can't beet them!
Armed with data from MIT and Harvard, we used rigorous statistical methods to conduct our analysis, akin to a detective trying to crack a case where the only clues seem to be as mismatched as peanut butter and pickles. But lo and behold, as we crunched the numbers, we discovered a correlation coefficient so strong it could make even the most skeptical statistician's monocle pop out in surprise. It seems the libertarian votes in Arizona and the biomass power in Uganda are more intertwined than a pair of overzealous spider monkeys in a jungle gym.
While some may view this unexpected correlation as the statistical equivalent of finding a unicorn in a haystack, we are here to assure you that these findings are not just statistical noise or a mere coincidence. So, let's strap in and get ready for a rollercoaster ride through the wacky world of data analysis and electoral whims - we promise it'll be a hoot!

[[RESULTS]]
Our investigation into the correlation between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Arizona and the biomass power generated in Uganda yielded astonishing results. We found a robust correlation coefficient of 0.9689452, indicating a remarkably strong positive relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. It's as if peanut butter found its perfect match in jelly, or in this case, Arizona found its match in Ugandan biomass power production. You might say they're a real pair of "power" couples!
The r-squared value of 0.9388549 further confirms the strength of this correlation, suggesting that approximately 93.89% of the variability in biomass power generated in Uganda can be explained by the votes for the Libertarian candidate in Arizona. That's a significantly high explanatory power for what many would consider an unlikely association. It's almost as surprising as finding a four-leaf clover in the Arizona desert – a statistical stroke of luck, if you will!
Additionally, the p-value of less than 0.01 provides strong evidence against the null hypothesis, further supporting the existence of a significant relationship between these two variables. The chances of this correlation occurring by random chance are less likely than winning a stuffed teddy bear at the state fair – statistically speaking, of course!
Furthermore, our findings are visually represented in Figure 1, which displays a scatterplot illustrating the undeniable connection between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Arizona and the biomass power generated in Uganda. It's like a visual "aha" moment, where the data points seem to hold hands and dance in perfect statistical harmony. It's a sight to behold, much like witnessing a unicorn gracefully prancing through the wilderness!
In conclusion, our results provide compelling evidence of a surprisingly strong correlation between the political preferences in Arizona and the renewable energy output in Uganda. The statistical significance of this association may challenge conventional wisdom and ignite curiosity in the unlikeliest of places. As we reflect on our findings, we can't help but marvel at the unpredictable and whimsical nature of statistical analysis – it's a captivating world where unlikely connections can reveal themselves in the most unexpected of ways.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our research has not only unveiled an intriguing correlation between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Arizona and the biomass power generated in Uganda but has also highlighted the unforeseen connections that exist in the world of statistical analysis. It's as if statistical relationships are the stand-up comedians of the research world, always ready to surprise us with their unexpected punchlines.

Our findings, with a robust correlation coefficient of 0.9689452, have shown a stronger connection than a father's love for his bad jokes – and yes, we just couldn't resist adding a dad joke in this conclusion. The r-squared value further emphasizes the power of this relationship, making it as undeniable as a catchy pop song that you can't get out of your head.

With a p-value of less than 0.01, the evidence against the null hypothesis is as compelling as a free dessert after a satisfying meal. And our scatterplot, capturing the bond between these unlikely bedfellows, serves as a visual testament to the whimsical nature of statistics – it's like a dance party where everyone's moves perfectly sync up.

As we wave goodbye to our data and bid adieu to this unlikely statistical romance, we assert that no more research is needed in this area. The statistical saga of Libertarian votes in Arizona and Ugandan biomass power has left us thoroughly entertained and slightly flabbergasted. And who wouldn't want a bit of statistical puzzlement in their academic reading?

So, until the next statistical surprise captures our curiosity, let's raise a figurative toast to the delightful unpredictability of data analysis and bid adieu to this statistical samba. It's been a ride as unexpected as finding a unicorn herding cats, and we wouldn't have it any other way!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited From Libertarian Votes in Arizona to Biomass Might in Uganda: A Correlation That Leaves Us in Stitches. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The International Journal of Whimsical Correlations


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited From Libertarian Votes in Arizona to Biomass Might in Uganda: A Correlation That Leaves Us in Stitches. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Association for Quirky Correlations Research (AQCR)


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled From Libertarian Votes in Arizona to Biomass Might in Uganda: A Correlation That Leaves Us in Stitches with an abstract of In this study, we delve into the unexpected and seemingly unrelated realms of political preferences in Arizona and the biomass power generated in Uganda, seeking to uncover any hidden connections between the two. Our research team, armed with data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, set out to investigate this peculiar association, which some may view as akin to comparing apples and oranges. As we embarked on this whimsical journey, we stumbled upon a correlation coefficient of 0.9689452 and a p-value < 0.01 for the years 2000 to 2020, leaving us pleasantly surprised and slightly puzzled. It turns out, there may be more to the libertarian leanings of Arizona and the biomass might of Uganda than meets the eye, proving that even in the realm of statistical analysis, expect the unexpected - it's a wild world out there!

ChatGPT:

Arizona, political preferences, libertarian, voting, biomass power, Uganda, correlation, statistical analysis, MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, Energy Information Administration, p-value, correlation coefficient, political science, renewable energy, cross-country analysis

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Arizona
Detailed data title: Percentage of all votes cast for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Arizona
Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse
See what else correlates with Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Arizona

Biomass power generated in Uganda
Detailed data title: Total biomass power generated in Uganda in billion kWh
Source: Energy Information Administration
See what else correlates with Biomass power generated in Uganda

Correlation r = 0.9689452 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.9388549 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 93.9% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Biomass power generated in Uganda) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Arizona) over the 6 years from 2000 through 2020.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 0.0014. 0.0014316239305880631000000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.97 in 0.14% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 699 random variables Which I absolutely did.
with the same 5 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 5 because we have two variables measured over a period of 6 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.74, 1 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
200020042008201220162020
Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Arizona (Percentage of votes)0.3769540.5890930.5474231.396114.132151.51934
Biomass power generated in Uganda (Billion kWh)0.030.0470.110.160.3630.188




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,237 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 636,906,169 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
  4. Very low n: There are not many data points included in this analysis. Even if the p-value is high, we should be suspicious of using so few datapoints in a correlation.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([0.376954,0.589093,0.547423,1.39611,4.13215,1.51934,])
array_2 = np.array([0.03,0.047,0.11,0.16,0.363,0.188,])
array_1_name = "Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Arizona"
array_2_name = "Biomass power generated in Uganda"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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Correlation ID: 5326 · Black Variable ID: 26056 · Red Variable ID: 24059
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