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Spurious correlation #5,301 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Votes for Libertarian Senators in Indiana and the second variable is Biomass power generated in Australia.  The chart goes from 1986 to 2018, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

As more Libertarian Senators from Indiana were elected, they proposed a quirky trade deal with Australia, exchanging Hoosier corn for Vegemite. This unexpected surge in demand for corn led to a boom in the agricultural industry, prompting farmers to seek alternative uses for their surplus crops. Lo and behold, they turned to biomass power generation, leading to a spike in Australian biomass power production. Who would have thought that a little political shake-up could corn-tribute to such a shocking power play Down Under!

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Create a compelling image inspired by a TIME magazine cover. Imagine a bustling scene where voters in Indiana wait in long lines at polling stations, while Australian farmers efficiently harvest surplus corn in their fields. The backdrop features smoke rising from power plants in Australia, indicating biomass being utilized to generate electricity. The juxtaposition of these three diverse scenes captures the dynamic political and agricultural landscapes of different continents. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Votes for Libertarian Senators in Indiana and Biomass power generated in Australia. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: inspired by bauhaus Magic realism Data cyber art Voxel art A TIME magazine cover image
ChatGPT: A TIME magazine cover image

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Votes for Libertarian Senators in Indiana and Biomass power generated in Australia, in the following situation: As more Libertarian Senators from Indiana were elected, they proposed a quirky trade deal with Australia, exchanging Hoosier corn for Vegemite. This unexpected surge in demand for corn led to a boom in the agricultural industry, prompting farmers to seek alternative uses for their surplus crops. Lo and behold, they turned to biomass power generation, leading to a spike in Australian biomass power production. Who would have thought that a little political shake-up could corn-tribute to such a shocking power play Down Under!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In Indiana, voters line up at polling stations to elect Libertarian Senators, while in Australia, farmers are seen harvesting surplus corn due to a sudden increase in demand. Meanwhile, smoke rises from Australian power plants, where biomass is being used to generate electricity, signifying a surge in biomass power production.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A TIME magazine cover image ] and depicting this scene: In Indiana, voters line up at polling stations to elect Libertarian Senators, while in Australia, farmers are seen harvesting surplus corn due to a sudden increase in demand. Meanwhile, smoke rises from Australian power plants, where biomass is being used to generate electricity, signifying a surge in biomass power production. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Create a compelling image inspired by a TIME magazine cover. Imagine a bustling scene where voters in Indiana wait in long lines at polling stations, while Australian farmers efficiently harvest surplus corn in their fields. The backdrop features smoke rising from power plants in Australia, indicating biomass being utilized to generate electricity. The juxtaposition of these three diverse scenes captures the dynamic political and agricultural landscapes of different continents.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana caused Biomass power generated in Australia to increase.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Voting with the Wind: A Correlational Study of Libertarian Votes for Senators in Indiana and Biomass Power Generated in Australia

The Journal of Political Ecology and Renewable Energy

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana and Biomass power generated in Australia. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Make the title punny if you can come up with clever pun. If not, make it sound serious.

Your research team used data from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse and Energy Information Administration to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9369722 and p < 0.01 for 1986 to 2018.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
"Voting with the Wind: A Correlational Study of Libertarian Votes for Senators in Indiana and Biomass Power Generated in Australia"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The intersection of political ideologies and environmental sustainability has long been a topic of interest, and this study delves into the intriguing relationship between Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana and the generation of biomass power in Australia. Using data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, our research team discovered a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.9369722 and p < 0.01 for the years spanning from 1986 to 2018. The results suggest a strong association between the political leanings of Hoosiers and the utilization of biomass as a renewable energy source down under. This investigation prompts the consideration of how political preferences in one region may have unforeseen implications on environmental practices in distant locales. The findings not only add an interesting new layer to the field of political and environmental research but also highlight the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate global phenomena – truly an enlightening revelation.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana and Biomass power generated in Australia. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Voting with the Wind: A Correlational Study of Libertarian Votes for Senators in Indiana and Biomass Power Generated in Australia"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The intersection of political ideologies and environmental sustainability has long been a topic of interest, and this study delves into the intriguing relationship between Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana and the generation of biomass power in Australia. Using data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, our research team discovered a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.9369722 and p < 0.01 for the years spanning from 1986 to 2018. The results suggest a strong association between the political leanings of Hoosiers and the utilization of biomass as a renewable energy source down under. This investigation prompts the consideration of how political preferences in one region may have unforeseen implications on environmental practices in distant locales. The findings not only add an interesting new layer to the field of political and environmental research but also highlight the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate global phenomena – truly an enlightening revelation.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
Introduction

The correlation between political ideologies and environmental policies has always been a topic of fervent discussion. It is indeed an intriguing interplay between the philosophical leanings of voters and the practices of renewable energy generation in a land far, far away. In our astute investigation, we unearth the enthralling correlation between the voting inclinations of Libertarian constituents in Indiana and the prodigious generation of biomass power in the illustrious land down under, Australia.

We traverse the cornfields of Indiana and the vast expanses of Australian outback, armed with statistical analyses and a penchant for uncovering the unexpected. Our research, harnessed by the robust data from the eminent MIT Election Data and Science Lab, the treasure trove of knowledge known as the Harvard Dataverse, and the indispensable Energy Information Administration, defies traditional boundaries of academic inquiry and embraces the serendipitous connections that emerge from quantitative exploration.

Born from this endeavor is a coefficient of correlation that dazzles the mind, teasing the academic palate with a value of 0.9369722 and a p-value less than 0.01, spanning the chronicles from 1986 to 2018. Such compelling statistical evidence unveils a compelling association between the political proclivities of Hoosiers and the utilization of biomass as a sustainable energy resource in the beloved continent of kangaroos and koalas.

The implications of this audacious correlation stimulate the imagination and beckon the inquisitive mind to ponder the intricate threads that bind our political beliefs and the vast environmental tapestries that adorn our globe. As we probe this cocoon of data, the metamorphosis of knowledge unfolds before us, shedding light on the unsuspected ramifications of regional politics cascading across continents, thereby daring us to broaden our perspectives and reevaluate how we perceive global interconnections.

Through this labyrinthine examination, not only do we add a tantalizing layer to the ever-evolving canvas of political and environmental scholarship, but we also spotlight the interwoven nature of global phenomena, transcending the boundaries of convention and offering a revelation that can only be described as utterly enlightening.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana and Biomass power generated in Australia. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name a few real TV shows that sound like they might be relevant to the topic that you watched as research.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Voting with the Wind: A Correlational Study of Libertarian Votes for Senators in Indiana and Biomass Power Generated in Australia"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The intersection of political ideologies and environmental sustainability has long been a topic of interest, and this study delves into the intriguing relationship between Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana and the generation of biomass power in Australia. Using data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, our research team discovered a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.9369722 and p < 0.01 for the years spanning from 1986 to 2018. The results suggest a strong association between the political leanings of Hoosiers and the utilization of biomass as a renewable energy source down under. This investigation prompts the consideration of how political preferences in one region may have unforeseen implications on environmental practices in distant locales. The findings not only add an interesting new layer to the field of political and environmental research but also highlight the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate global phenomena – truly an enlightening revelation.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
Introduction
The correlation between political ideologies and environmental policies has always been a topic of fervent discussion. It is indeed an intriguing interplay between the philosophical leanings of voters and the practices of renewable energy generation in a land far, far away. In our astute investigation, we unearth the enthralling correlation between the voting inclinations of Libertarian constituents in Indiana and the prodigious generation of biomass power in the illustrious land down under, Australia.
We traverse the cornfields of Indiana and the vast expanses of Australian outback, armed with statistical analyses and a penchant for uncovering the unexpected. Our research, harnessed by the robust data from the eminent MIT Election Data and Science Lab, the treasure trove of knowledge known as the Harvard Dataverse, and the indispensable Energy Information Administration, defies traditional boundaries of academic inquiry and embraces the serendipitous connections that emerge from quantitative exploration.
Born from this endeavor is a coefficient of correlation that dazzles the mind, teasing the academic palate with a value of 0.9369722 and a p-value less than 0.01, spanning the chronicles from 1986 to 2018. Such compelling statistical evidence unveils a compelling association between the political proclivities of Hoosiers and the utilization of biomass as a sustainable energy resource in the beloved continent of kangaroos and koalas.
The implications of this audacious correlation stimulate the imagination and beckon the inquisitive mind to ponder the intricate threads that bind our political beliefs and the vast environmental tapestries that adorn our globe. As we probe this cocoon of data, the metamorphosis of knowledge unfolds before us, shedding light on the unsuspected ramifications of regional politics cascading across continents, thereby daring us to broaden our perspectives and reevaluate how we perceive global interconnections.
Through this labyrinthine examination, not only do we add a tantalizing layer to the ever-evolving canvas of political and environmental scholarship, but we also spotlight the interwoven nature of global phenomena, transcending the boundaries of convention and offering a revelation that can only be described as utterly enlightening.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

Smith and Doe (2015) performed a comprehensive analysis of political voting patterns in Indiana, focusing on Libertarian votes in the context of senatorial races. Their findings highlighted the nuances of political ideologies within the state and provided a foundation for understanding voter behavior. Similarly, Jones (2017) delved into the intricacies of biomass power generation in Australia, elucidating the environmental impact and economic feasibility of such renewable energy sources. Their studies, while seemingly unrelated, lay the groundwork for the unexpected confluence of these two seemingly disparate phenomena.

Building upon this foundational research, our investigation embarks on a journey that reveals an unforeseen correlation between the voting proclivities of Hoosiers and the utilization of biomass power in the land down under. The statistical evidence we present challenges conventional wisdom, much like "Freakonomics" (Levitt & Dubner, 2005) challenges conventional economic thinking. However, unlike the enigma of sumo wrestlers and schoolteachers, our findings offer a humorous twist -- one that involves political leanings and energy generation across continents.

As we traverse the literary landscape, we encounter a plethora of captivating works that mirror the essence of our research, such as "The Audacity of Hope" (Obama, 2006) and "The Power of Now" (Tolle, 1997), both of which evoke the interconnectedness of human beliefs and the present moment, akin to the interplay of political ideologies and sustainable energy practices. Furthermore, for a touch of whimsy in our exploration, we turn to fiction that mirrors the undercurrents of political intrigue and unusual alliances, represented by "House of Cards" (Dobbs, 1989) and "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" (Adams, 1979). These literary parallels infuse our study with a lighthearted perspective on the unexpected correlations we uncover.

Moreover, our research journey extends beyond the written word into the realm of visual media, where we seek inspiration from television shows that offer insight into political dynamics and global connectivity. Shows such as "The West Wing" and "The Newsroom" not only captivate audiences with their behind-the-scenes portrayal of political machinations but also provide a glimpse into the intricate web of relationships that shape international affairs, much like the intricate web of correlations we ascertain between political voting and environmental practices.

In essence, our literature review not only draws from scholarly endeavors but also incorporates elements of humor, curiosity, and cultural exploration, encapsulating the whimsical spirit that underlies our ambitious endeavor.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana and Biomass power generated in Australia. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse and Energy Information Administration . You used data from 1986 to 2018

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Voting with the Wind: A Correlational Study of Libertarian Votes for Senators in Indiana and Biomass Power Generated in Australia"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The intersection of political ideologies and environmental sustainability has long been a topic of interest, and this study delves into the intriguing relationship between Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana and the generation of biomass power in Australia. Using data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, our research team discovered a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.9369722 and p < 0.01 for the years spanning from 1986 to 2018. The results suggest a strong association between the political leanings of Hoosiers and the utilization of biomass as a renewable energy source down under. This investigation prompts the consideration of how political preferences in one region may have unforeseen implications on environmental practices in distant locales. The findings not only add an interesting new layer to the field of political and environmental research but also highlight the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate global phenomena – truly an enlightening revelation.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
Introduction
The correlation between political ideologies and environmental policies has always been a topic of fervent discussion. It is indeed an intriguing interplay between the philosophical leanings of voters and the practices of renewable energy generation in a land far, far away. In our astute investigation, we unearth the enthralling correlation between the voting inclinations of Libertarian constituents in Indiana and the prodigious generation of biomass power in the illustrious land down under, Australia.
We traverse the cornfields of Indiana and the vast expanses of Australian outback, armed with statistical analyses and a penchant for uncovering the unexpected. Our research, harnessed by the robust data from the eminent MIT Election Data and Science Lab, the treasure trove of knowledge known as the Harvard Dataverse, and the indispensable Energy Information Administration, defies traditional boundaries of academic inquiry and embraces the serendipitous connections that emerge from quantitative exploration.
Born from this endeavor is a coefficient of correlation that dazzles the mind, teasing the academic palate with a value of 0.9369722 and a p-value less than 0.01, spanning the chronicles from 1986 to 2018. Such compelling statistical evidence unveils a compelling association between the political proclivities of Hoosiers and the utilization of biomass as a sustainable energy resource in the beloved continent of kangaroos and koalas.
The implications of this audacious correlation stimulate the imagination and beckon the inquisitive mind to ponder the intricate threads that bind our political beliefs and the vast environmental tapestries that adorn our globe. As we probe this cocoon of data, the metamorphosis of knowledge unfolds before us, shedding light on the unsuspected ramifications of regional politics cascading across continents, thereby daring us to broaden our perspectives and reevaluate how we perceive global interconnections.
Through this labyrinthine examination, not only do we add a tantalizing layer to the ever-evolving canvas of political and environmental scholarship, but we also spotlight the interwoven nature of global phenomena, transcending the boundaries of convention and offering a revelation that can only be described as utterly enlightening.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

Data Collection
The data utilized in this study was collected with the precision of a Swiss watchmaker and the enthusiasm of a collector seeking the rarest of Pokémon. Our dedicated team scoured the vast expanse of the digital universe, venturing into the depths of the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, traversing the hallowed archives of the Harvard Dataverse, and navigating the intricate maze of the Energy Information Administration. We retrieved information on Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana and the generation of biomass power in Australia from the years 1986 to 2018, employing the art of meticulous data curation and the judicious use of internet search engines.

Regression Analysis
To unveil the enigmatic relationship between the political terrain of Indiana and the renewable energy landscape of Australia, we harnessed the unparalleled power of regression analysis. With the deftness of a magician wielding a wand, we manipulated the coefficients and intercepts, performing a complex dance of multivariate analysis and computational wizardry. Utilizing statistical software that would make the mathematicians of yore leap with joy, we probed the depths of the data, unraveling the entangled web of association between Libertarian voting patterns and the generation of biomass power.

Correlation Coefficient Calculation
In our quest for understanding, we calculated the correlation coefficient with the precision of a master chef measuring ingredients for a delicate soufflé. Armed with the formulas of Pearson, we let the numbers dance and pirouette, uncovering a correlation coefficient of 0.9369722 that shimmered in the light like a precious gem. The revelation of such a robust coefficient left our team in awe, as we marveled at the fortuitous alignment of political leanings and sustainable energy practices in distant lands.

P-Value Determination
As we delved deeper into the statistical underpinnings of our findings, we summoned the spirits of hypothesis testing to guide us through the labyrinth of significance. With scholarly fervor, we calculated the p-value, our pen poised like a duelist ready for the clash of statistical significance. The outcome was as thrilling as a sudden plot twist in a well-crafted novel, yielding a p-value less than 0.01 that sent ripples of excitement through the halls of academia.

Interpretation and Considerations
Armed with our arsenal of statistical techniques and a keen eye for detail, we gingerly navigated the treacherous waters of interpretation. We unraveled the implications of our findings with the care of a detective solving a complex mystery, considering the nuanced interplay between political ideology and environmental practices. Our endeavors uncovered the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate global phenomena, inviting further contemplation on the far-reaching impact of political proclivities on environmental sustainability.

In essence, this methodology represents the intrepid voyage of our research team, braving the unknown, and embarking on a scientific odyssey to unravel the mysterious ties between Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana and the generation of biomass power in Australia. With the precision of a watchmaker and the courage of an explorer, we present our methodology as a testament to the audacious spirit of inquiry and the relentless pursuit of knowledge.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana and Biomass power generated in Australia. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse and Energy Information Administration .

For the time period 1986 to 2018, you found a correlation 0.9369722, r-squared of 0.8779170, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Voting with the Wind: A Correlational Study of Libertarian Votes for Senators in Indiana and Biomass Power Generated in Australia"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The intersection of political ideologies and environmental sustainability has long been a topic of interest, and this study delves into the intriguing relationship between Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana and the generation of biomass power in Australia. Using data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, our research team discovered a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.9369722 and p < 0.01 for the years spanning from 1986 to 2018. The results suggest a strong association between the political leanings of Hoosiers and the utilization of biomass as a renewable energy source down under. This investigation prompts the consideration of how political preferences in one region may have unforeseen implications on environmental practices in distant locales. The findings not only add an interesting new layer to the field of political and environmental research but also highlight the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate global phenomena – truly an enlightening revelation.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
Introduction
The correlation between political ideologies and environmental policies has always been a topic of fervent discussion. It is indeed an intriguing interplay between the philosophical leanings of voters and the practices of renewable energy generation in a land far, far away. In our astute investigation, we unearth the enthralling correlation between the voting inclinations of Libertarian constituents in Indiana and the prodigious generation of biomass power in the illustrious land down under, Australia.
We traverse the cornfields of Indiana and the vast expanses of Australian outback, armed with statistical analyses and a penchant for uncovering the unexpected. Our research, harnessed by the robust data from the eminent MIT Election Data and Science Lab, the treasure trove of knowledge known as the Harvard Dataverse, and the indispensable Energy Information Administration, defies traditional boundaries of academic inquiry and embraces the serendipitous connections that emerge from quantitative exploration.
Born from this endeavor is a coefficient of correlation that dazzles the mind, teasing the academic palate with a value of 0.9369722 and a p-value less than 0.01, spanning the chronicles from 1986 to 2018. Such compelling statistical evidence unveils a compelling association between the political proclivities of Hoosiers and the utilization of biomass as a sustainable energy resource in the beloved continent of kangaroos and koalas.
The implications of this audacious correlation stimulate the imagination and beckon the inquisitive mind to ponder the intricate threads that bind our political beliefs and the vast environmental tapestries that adorn our globe. As we probe this cocoon of data, the metamorphosis of knowledge unfolds before us, shedding light on the unsuspected ramifications of regional politics cascading across continents, thereby daring us to broaden our perspectives and reevaluate how we perceive global interconnections.
Through this labyrinthine examination, not only do we add a tantalizing layer to the ever-evolving canvas of political and environmental scholarship, but we also spotlight the interwoven nature of global phenomena, transcending the boundaries of convention and offering a revelation that can only be described as utterly enlightening.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The results of our research revealed a striking correlation between Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana and the generation of biomass power in Australia. The correlation coefficient of 0.9369722 and an r-squared of 0.8779170 for the time period from 1986 to 2018 indicate a robust relationship between the two variables. Moreover, the p-value being less than 0.01 suggests a high level of statistical significance, much like discovering a needle in a haystack, or perhaps a cornstalk in Indiana's fields.

Fig. 1 depicts a scatterplot illustrating the conspicuous correlation between these seemingly disparate elements, reminding us that sometimes, relationships between variables can be as surprising as finding a unicorn in the Australian outback. The figure showcases the alignment of Libertarian voting tendencies in Indiana with the generation of biomass power in Australia, a correlation that shines brighter than a solar panel under the Australian sun.

It is noteworthy that the connection identified in this research not only broadens our understanding of political and environmental interactions but also lays the groundwork for further investigations into the global ripple effects of regional political preferences. The statistical evidence we uncovered is as compelling as a well-constructed hypothesis and provides food for thought on the unforeseen impact of individual voting inclinations on environmental practices in far-flung locales.

In essence, our results point to the interconnectedness of political beliefs and environmental practices, urging us to acknowledge the harmonious dance between political ideologies and renewable energy generation. This correlation is a testament to the captivating intricacies of quantitative analysis and demonstrates the interlacing of apparently unrelated variables, much like the crisscrossing of power lines connecting distant corners of the world.

Ultimately, our findings not only add a dash of spice to the academic stew of political and environmental research but also coax us to marvel at the kaleidoscopic nature of global phenomena, delicately intertwined by the enigmatic forces of statistical relationships and unforeseen connections.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana and Biomass power generated in Australia. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Voting with the Wind: A Correlational Study of Libertarian Votes for Senators in Indiana and Biomass Power Generated in Australia"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The intersection of political ideologies and environmental sustainability has long been a topic of interest, and this study delves into the intriguing relationship between Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana and the generation of biomass power in Australia. Using data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, our research team discovered a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.9369722 and p < 0.01 for the years spanning from 1986 to 2018. The results suggest a strong association between the political leanings of Hoosiers and the utilization of biomass as a renewable energy source down under. This investigation prompts the consideration of how political preferences in one region may have unforeseen implications on environmental practices in distant locales. The findings not only add an interesting new layer to the field of political and environmental research but also highlight the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate global phenomena – truly an enlightening revelation.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
Smith and Doe (2015) performed a comprehensive analysis of political voting patterns in Indiana, focusing on Libertarian votes in the context of senatorial races. Their findings highlighted the nuances of political ideologies within the state and provided a foundation for understanding voter behavior. Similarly, Jones (2017) delved into the intricacies of biomass power generation in Australia, elucidating the environmental impact and economic feasibility of such renewable energy sources. Their studies, while seemingly unrelated, lay the groundwork for the unexpected confluence of these two seemingly disparate phenomena.
Building upon this foundational research, our investigation embarks on a journey that reveals an unforeseen correlation between the voting proclivities of Hoosiers and the utilization of biomass power in the land down under. The statistical evidence we present challenges conventional wisdom, much like "Freakonomics" (Levitt & Dubner, 2005) challenges conventional economic thinking. However, unlike the enigma of sumo wrestlers and schoolteachers, our findings offer a humorous twist -- one that involves political leanings and energy generation across continents.
As we traverse the literary landscape, we encounter a plethora of captivating works that mirror the essence of our research, such as "The Audacity of Hope" (Obama, 2006) and "The Power of Now" (Tolle, 1997), both of which evoke the interconnectedness of human beliefs and the present moment, akin to the interplay of political ideologies and sustainable energy practices. Furthermore, for a touch of whimsy in our exploration, we turn to fiction that mirrors the undercurrents of political intrigue and unusual alliances, represented by "House of Cards" (Dobbs, 1989) and "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" (Adams, 1979). These literary parallels infuse our study with a lighthearted perspective on the unexpected correlations we uncover.
Moreover, our research journey extends beyond the written word into the realm of visual media, where we seek inspiration from television shows that offer insight into political dynamics and global connectivity. Shows such as "The West Wing" and "The Newsroom" not only captivate audiences with their behind-the-scenes portrayal of political machinations but also provide a glimpse into the intricate web of relationships that shape international affairs, much like the intricate web of correlations we ascertain between political voting and environmental practices.
In essence, our literature review not only draws from scholarly endeavors but also incorporates elements of humor, curiosity, and cultural exploration, encapsulating the whimsical spirit that underlies our ambitious endeavor.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our research revealed a striking correlation between Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana and the generation of biomass power in Australia. The correlation coefficient of 0.9369722 and an r-squared of 0.8779170 for the time period from 1986 to 2018 indicate a robust relationship between the two variables. Moreover, the p-value being less than 0.01 suggests a high level of statistical significance, much like discovering a needle in a haystack, or perhaps a cornstalk in Indiana's fields.
Fig. 1 depicts a scatterplot illustrating the conspicuous correlation between these seemingly disparate elements, reminding us that sometimes, relationships between variables can be as surprising as finding a unicorn in the Australian outback. The figure showcases the alignment of Libertarian voting tendencies in Indiana with the generation of biomass power in Australia, a correlation that shines brighter than a solar panel under the Australian sun.
It is noteworthy that the connection identified in this research not only broadens our understanding of political and environmental interactions but also lays the groundwork for further investigations into the global ripple effects of regional political preferences. The statistical evidence we uncovered is as compelling as a well-constructed hypothesis and provides food for thought on the unforeseen impact of individual voting inclinations on environmental practices in far-flung locales.
In essence, our results point to the interconnectedness of political beliefs and environmental practices, urging us to acknowledge the harmonious dance between political ideologies and renewable energy generation. This correlation is a testament to the captivating intricacies of quantitative analysis and demonstrates the interlacing of apparently unrelated variables, much like the crisscrossing of power lines connecting distant corners of the world.
Ultimately, our findings not only add a dash of spice to the academic stew of political and environmental research but also coax us to marvel at the kaleidoscopic nature of global phenomena, delicately intertwined by the enigmatic forces of statistical relationships and unforeseen connections.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The unexpected and remarkable correlation between Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana and the generation of biomass power in Australia unveiled by our study has puzzled and amused even the most seasoned researchers. While the seemingly incongruous relationship raises eyebrows, it also serves as a delightful reminder of the whimsical nature of statistical analysis - much like a magician pulling an unexpected rabbit out of a hat.

Building on the existing literature, which was not short of quirky findings itself, the current investigation lends further support to the prior research of Smith and Doe (2015) and Jones (2017), who unraveled the complex nuances of political leanings in Indiana and the environmental impact of biomass power generation in Australia, respectively. Our results not only echo their initial revelations but also add an engaging twist to the narrative, melding political propensities and sustainable energy practices in a manner as surprising as an unexpected plot twist in a Shakespearean comedy.

The strong correlation coefficient of 0.9369722 and a robust r-squared value of 0.8779170 for the years 1986 to 2018 underscore the compelling association between Libertarian voting patterns and the utilization of biomass power in Australia. This robust statistical evidence not only bolsters our findings but also showcases the captivating allure of quantitative analysis; it is akin to finding harmony in a cacophony of discordant notes or discovering a mathematical pattern in the chaos of everyday life.

Our study, similar to "Freakonomics" (Levitt & Dubner, 2005), adds a delightful twist to the scientific dialogue, injecting an element of unexpected correlation between political preferences and renewable energy practices. The statistical significance of the relationship, with a p-value of less than 0.01, is as satisfying as uncovering a buried treasure or solving a perplexing riddle – a testament to the enthralling nature of statistical serendipity.

In conclusion, the correlation between Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana and the generation of biomass power in Australia is an exemplar of the unforeseen connections that statistical analysis can unveil, lighting up the research landscape with the allure of discovery and the quirky charm of scientific inquiry. As we navigate the intricate web of relationships between political ideologies and environmental phenomena, we are reminded of the delightful surprises that lurk amidst the seemingly mundane – much like stumbling upon a hidden punchline in the annals of scientific exploration.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana and Biomass power generated in Australia. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Voting with the Wind: A Correlational Study of Libertarian Votes for Senators in Indiana and Biomass Power Generated in Australia"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The intersection of political ideologies and environmental sustainability has long been a topic of interest, and this study delves into the intriguing relationship between Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana and the generation of biomass power in Australia. Using data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, our research team discovered a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.9369722 and p < 0.01 for the years spanning from 1986 to 2018. The results suggest a strong association between the political leanings of Hoosiers and the utilization of biomass as a renewable energy source down under. This investigation prompts the consideration of how political preferences in one region may have unforeseen implications on environmental practices in distant locales. The findings not only add an interesting new layer to the field of political and environmental research but also highlight the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate global phenomena – truly an enlightening revelation.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
Introduction
The correlation between political ideologies and environmental policies has always been a topic of fervent discussion. It is indeed an intriguing interplay between the philosophical leanings of voters and the practices of renewable energy generation in a land far, far away. In our astute investigation, we unearth the enthralling correlation between the voting inclinations of Libertarian constituents in Indiana and the prodigious generation of biomass power in the illustrious land down under, Australia.
We traverse the cornfields of Indiana and the vast expanses of Australian outback, armed with statistical analyses and a penchant for uncovering the unexpected. Our research, harnessed by the robust data from the eminent MIT Election Data and Science Lab, the treasure trove of knowledge known as the Harvard Dataverse, and the indispensable Energy Information Administration, defies traditional boundaries of academic inquiry and embraces the serendipitous connections that emerge from quantitative exploration.
Born from this endeavor is a coefficient of correlation that dazzles the mind, teasing the academic palate with a value of 0.9369722 and a p-value less than 0.01, spanning the chronicles from 1986 to 2018. Such compelling statistical evidence unveils a compelling association between the political proclivities of Hoosiers and the utilization of biomass as a sustainable energy resource in the beloved continent of kangaroos and koalas.
The implications of this audacious correlation stimulate the imagination and beckon the inquisitive mind to ponder the intricate threads that bind our political beliefs and the vast environmental tapestries that adorn our globe. As we probe this cocoon of data, the metamorphosis of knowledge unfolds before us, shedding light on the unsuspected ramifications of regional politics cascading across continents, thereby daring us to broaden our perspectives and reevaluate how we perceive global interconnections.
Through this labyrinthine examination, not only do we add a tantalizing layer to the ever-evolving canvas of political and environmental scholarship, but we also spotlight the interwoven nature of global phenomena, transcending the boundaries of convention and offering a revelation that can only be described as utterly enlightening.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our research revealed a striking correlation between Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana and the generation of biomass power in Australia. The correlation coefficient of 0.9369722 and an r-squared of 0.8779170 for the time period from 1986 to 2018 indicate a robust relationship between the two variables. Moreover, the p-value being less than 0.01 suggests a high level of statistical significance, much like discovering a needle in a haystack, or perhaps a cornstalk in Indiana's fields.
Fig. 1 depicts a scatterplot illustrating the conspicuous correlation between these seemingly disparate elements, reminding us that sometimes, relationships between variables can be as surprising as finding a unicorn in the Australian outback. The figure showcases the alignment of Libertarian voting tendencies in Indiana with the generation of biomass power in Australia, a correlation that shines brighter than a solar panel under the Australian sun.
It is noteworthy that the connection identified in this research not only broadens our understanding of political and environmental interactions but also lays the groundwork for further investigations into the global ripple effects of regional political preferences. The statistical evidence we uncovered is as compelling as a well-constructed hypothesis and provides food for thought on the unforeseen impact of individual voting inclinations on environmental practices in far-flung locales.
In essence, our results point to the interconnectedness of political beliefs and environmental practices, urging us to acknowledge the harmonious dance between political ideologies and renewable energy generation. This correlation is a testament to the captivating intricacies of quantitative analysis and demonstrates the interlacing of apparently unrelated variables, much like the crisscrossing of power lines connecting distant corners of the world.
Ultimately, our findings not only add a dash of spice to the academic stew of political and environmental research but also coax us to marvel at the kaleidoscopic nature of global phenomena, delicately intertwined by the enigmatic forces of statistical relationships and unforeseen connections.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In wrapping up this exploration of the mystical connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana and Biomass power generated in Australia, our findings have illuminated a rather unexpected and remarkable correlation. The dazzling coefficient of 0.9369722 and the minuscule p-value of less than 0.01 serve as a reminder that in the world of statistics, sometimes truth is indeed stranger than fiction – much like stumbling upon a kangaroo wearing a top hat in the Australian Outback. The robust relationship we've discovered is a testament to the marvelous and often outrageous ways in which variables can intersect, akin to a wild koala bear crooning in harmony with a didgeridoo.

These findings are a testament to the marvels of serendipitous discoveries in research. However, based on the glaring strength of the correlation and the truly eye-popping statistical significance, it appears that no further investigation into the relationship between the political leanings of Hoosiers and the utilization of biomass power in Australia is warranted. The universe has bestowed upon us a rare and unexpected gem of knowledge, leaving us to marvel at the whimsical and eccentric nature of quantitative analysis, and the delightfully bizarre relationships it can uncover. It seems this avenue of inquiry has reached its somewhat inexplicably delightful conclusion.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Voting with the Wind: A Correlational Study of Libertarian Votes for Senators in Indiana and Biomass Power Generated in Australia. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Political Ecology and Renewable Energy


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Voting with the Wind: A Correlational Study of Libertarian Votes for Senators in Indiana and Biomass Power Generated in Australia. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Sociopolitical Dynamics Research and Analysis


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Voting with the Wind: A Correlational Study of Libertarian Votes for Senators in Indiana and Biomass Power Generated in Australia with an abstract of The intersection of political ideologies and environmental sustainability has long been a topic of interest, and this study delves into the intriguing relationship between Libertarian votes for Senators in Indiana and the generation of biomass power in Australia. Using data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, our research team discovered a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.9369722 and p < 0.01 for the years spanning from 1986 to 2018. The results suggest a strong association between the political leanings of Hoosiers and the utilization of biomass as a renewable energy source down under. This investigation prompts the consideration of how political preferences in one region may have unforeseen implications on environmental practices in distant locales. The findings not only add an interesting new layer to the field of political and environmental research but also highlight the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate global phenomena – truly an enlightening revelation.

ChatGPT:

Libertarian votes, Senators, Indiana, biomass power, Australia, correlational study, political ideologies, environmental sustainability, MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, Energy Information Administration, renewable energy, political preferences, environmental practices, global phenomena.

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

Votes for Libertarian Senators in Indiana
Detailed data title: Total number of votes cast for Federal Libertarian Senate candidates in Indiana
Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse
See what else correlates with Votes for Libertarian Senators in Indiana

Biomass power generated in Australia
Detailed data title: Total biomass power generated in Australia in billion kWh
Source: Energy Information Administration
See what else correlates with Biomass power generated in Australia

Correlation r = 0.9369722 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.8779170 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 87.8% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Biomass power generated in Australia) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Votes for Libertarian Senators in Indiana) over the 11 years from 1986 through 2018.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 2.1E-5. 0.0000211663792973476840000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.94 in 0.0021% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 47,245 random variables You don't actually need 47 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 10 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 10 because we have two variables measured over a period of 11 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.77, 0.98 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
19861992199419982000200420062010201220162018
Votes for Libertarian Senators in Indiana (Total votes)8314357331734323641339922734416882094330145282149481100942
Biomass power generated in Australia (Billion kWh)0.40.670.671.031.131.863.912.7773.0433.7223.518




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,237 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 636,906,169 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([8314,35733,17343,23641,33992,27344,168820,94330,145282,149481,100942,])
array_2 = np.array([0.4,0.67,0.67,1.03,1.13,1.86,3.91,2.777,3.043,3.722,3.518,])
array_1_name = "Votes for Libertarian Senators in Indiana"
array_2_name = "Biomass power generated in Australia"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

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Correlation ID: 5301 · Black Variable ID: 26235 · Red Variable ID: 23474
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