Spurious correlation #4,363 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air pollution in Peoria, Illinois and the second variable is Google searches for 'Titanic'. The chart goes from 2008 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air pollution in Peoria, Illinois and the second variable is Google searches for 'Titanic'. The chart goes from 2008 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

The citizens of Peoria, in a quest for cleaner air, started watching the movie Titanic in droves, leading to a spike in online searches for anything Titanic-related. As they say, the smoggier, the merrier! Or perhaps a new form of pollution control involves releasing Kate Winslet's iconic "I'm flying, Jack!" scene into the air.

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Create an image of a futuristic cityscape with towering skyscrapers obscured by a dense, otherworldly smog. In the foreground, depict groups of people gathered in holographic viewing pods, all watching the iconic "I'm flying, Jack!" scene from Titanic. Meanwhile, holographic search bars flicker across the city, displaying queries related to the historic Titanic, capturing the citizens' collective fascination. The scene should feel both fantastical and dystopian, blending the elements of sci-fi, fantasy, and an unexpected interest in history amidst the polluted landscape. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Air pollution in Peoria, Illinois and Google searches for 'Titanic'. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Psychedelic Scalar art Surrealism Brutalism Sci-fi fantacy
ChatGPT: Sci-fi fantasy

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Air pollution in Peoria, Illinois and Google searches for 'Titanic', in the following situation: The citizens of Peoria, in a quest for cleaner air, started watching the movie Titanic in droves, leading to a spike in online searches for anything Titanic-related. As they say, the smoggier, the merrier! Or perhaps a new form of pollution control involves releasing Kate Winslet's iconic "I'm flying, Jack!" scene into the air.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In Peoria, Illinois, a thick cloud of smog hangs in the air, obscuring the sky. Amongst the haze, groups of people come together to watch the movie Titanic, creating a shared experience as they are captivated by the famous "I'm flying, Jack!" scene. Meanwhile, across the city, search bars fill with queries about the Titanic, as the citizens' interest in the historic ship peaks, providing a welcome distraction from the pollution.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Sci-fi fantasy ] and depicting this scene: In Peoria, Illinois, a thick cloud of smog hangs in the air, obscuring the sky. Amongst the haze, groups of people come together to watch the movie Titanic, creating a shared experience as they are captivated by the famous "I'm flying, Jack!" scene. Meanwhile, across the city, search bars fill with queries about the Titanic, as the citizens' interest in the historic ship peaks, providing a welcome distraction from the pollution. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Create an image of a futuristic cityscape with towering skyscrapers obscured by a dense, otherworldly smog. In the foreground, depict groups of people gathered in holographic viewing pods, all watching the iconic "I'm flying, Jack!" scene from Titanic. Meanwhile, holographic search bars flicker across the city, displaying queries related to the historic Titanic, capturing the citizens' collective fascination. The scene should feel both fantastical and dystopian, blending the elements of sci-fi, fantasy, and an unexpected interest in history amidst the polluted landscape.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Air pollution in Peoria, Illinois caused Titanic (Google searches for 'Titanic') to increase.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Fuming Love: An Examination of the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Peoria, Illinois, and Google Searches for 'Titanic'

The Journal of Ecological Connections

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Peoria, Illinois and Google searches for 'Titanic'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then devolve ever further, and mention something completely ridiculous, like you conducted literature review by reading the backs of shampoo bottles.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Fuming Love: An Examination of the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Peoria, Illinois, and Google Searches for 'Titanic'

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study investigates the intriguing connection between air pollution in Peoria, Illinois, and the frequency of Google searches for the term 'Titanic.' Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, our research team sought to unravel this peculiar correlation. With a correlation coefficient of 0.8309558 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning from 2008 to 2023, the results may leave you breathless (or perhaps just slightly wheezy).

The analysis reveals a striking association between increased levels of air pollution in Peoria and a surge in Google searches for 'Titanic'. The findings suggest that as air quality declines, public interest in the doomed vessel rises, leaving us to ponder whether it's a simple case of shared atmospheric drama or a more complex metaphor for the human experience. As the old adage goes, "You can't escape the Titanic, but you can certainly try to avoid polluted air – unless, of course, you're Jack, in which case, good luck."

In conclusion, our study provides compelling evidence of the link between environmental factors and popular culture curiosity, and may inspire further investigation into the curious ways in which external influences impact our collective interests. So take a deep breath and let this revelation sink in – just hopefully not as deeply as the Titanic itself.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The search for connections and correlations between seemingly unrelated variables is an essential aspect of scientific inquiry. It's the research equivalent of looking for a needle in a haystack, or in our case, searching for a proverbial lifeboat in a sea of data. This study delves into the unexpected relationship between air pollution in Peoria, Illinois, and the public's fascination with the ill-fated ship, the Titanic. As the saying goes, "We're all in the same boat," and in this case, that boat might just be the Titanic.
Peoria, Illinois, renowned for its industrial activities and picturesque landscapes, is the stage for this intriguing investigation. As with any good mystery, our quest begins with a dash of suspense, a touch of fog, and a generous helping of statistical analysis. After all, what's a research project without a little drama and suspense? It's the scientific equivalent of a thrilling blockbuster, with data points instead of plot twists and regression analyses instead of car chases.
Our fascination with the Titanic, a symbol of human ambition and tragic demise, has endured through the years, much like the persistence of a statistical trend in a stubborn dataset. As researchers, our goal is not just to stem the tide of ignorance, but to navigate the murky waters of statistical significance. However, we weren't expecting to find ourselves up to our necks in Titanic-related Google searches – a discovery that certainly made us feel like we were swimming in uncharted waters.
The onset of technological advancements and data analytics has paved the way for uncovering correlations that were once elusive, much like finding the proverbial iceberg in a sea of statistical noise. And just like the Titanic's ill-fated encounter, our research stumbled upon an unforeseen and compelling relationship between air pollution levels and public interest in the legendary ship. It's like finding a particularly elusive puzzle piece – the scent of a scientific victory is as sweet as the smell of fresh data in the morning.
In the following sections, we present a thorough analysis of the data and the methodologies employed to investigate this peculiar association. So buckle your seatbelts, ladies and gentlemen, and prepare for a journey through the fumes of Peoria and the captivating allure of the Titanic – it's a unique scientific voyage with an unexpected destination.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

Numerous studies have emphasized the detrimental effects of air pollution on human health and well-being. Smith et al. (2015) demonstrated a clear link between air pollutants and respiratory diseases, highlighting the pressing need for environmental regulation and public awareness. Similarly, Doe and Jones (2018) examined the economic ramifications of air pollution, underscoring its substantial financial burden on healthcare systems and productivity. In this context, the present study adds a whimsical yet thought-provoking dimension to the discourse surrounding air pollution and its consequences.

In "The Air Pollution Crisis: Causes, Consequences, and Solutions" by White (2019), the author presents a comprehensive overview of the environmental and health effects of air pollution, providing a sobering account of its global impact. Similarly, "The Economics of Clean Air" by Green (2017) delves into the economic implications of air quality degradation, offering valuable insights into the costs and potential remedies associated with pollution.

On the other hand, fictitious works such as "Smog over Peoria: A Historical Novel" and "The Sinking Sensation: A Titanic Tale" provide imaginative narratives that, albeit fictional, capture the essence of the thematic elements under investigation. These works serve as a reminder of the enduring fascination with both environmental challenges and the dramatic narrative of the ill-fated ocean liner. As the saying goes, "Sometimes truth is stranger than fiction, but in this case, they might just be sailing in the same boat."

Moving beyond conventional sources, the authors conducted an exhaustive review of literature, including unconventional sources such as the backs of shampoo bottles, hoping to stumble upon hidden gems of insight within unexpected domains. While the contents of these sources predominantly focused on hair care tips and ingredient listings, a surprising mention of "Titanic" amidst the lather, rinse, and repeat instructions elevated the study team's spirits, providing a moment of unintended comic relief in the pursuit of scholarly pursuits. After all, when it comes to research, one must always keep an open mind, even if it means exploring the uncharted territory of toiletry literature. True to the whims of research, inspiration can emerge from the most unexpected of places, even the shower caddy.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Peoria, Illinois and Google searches for 'Titanic'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends . You used data from 2008 to 2023

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Fuming Love: An Examination of the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Peoria, Illinois, and Google Searches for 'Titanic'

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study investigates the intriguing connection between air pollution in Peoria, Illinois, and the frequency of Google searches for the term 'Titanic.' Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, our research team sought to unravel this peculiar correlation. With a correlation coefficient of 0.8309558 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning from 2008 to 2023, the results may leave you breathless (or perhaps just slightly wheezy).

The analysis reveals a striking association between increased levels of air pollution in Peoria and a surge in Google searches for 'Titanic'. The findings suggest that as air quality declines, public interest in the doomed vessel rises, leaving us to ponder whether it's a simple case of shared atmospheric drama or a more complex metaphor for the human experience. As the old adage goes, "You can't escape the Titanic, but you can certainly try to avoid polluted air – unless, of course, you're Jack, in which case, good luck."

In conclusion, our study provides compelling evidence of the link between environmental factors and popular culture curiosity, and may inspire further investigation into the curious ways in which external influences impact our collective interests. So take a deep breath and let this revelation sink in – just hopefully not as deeply as the Titanic itself.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The search for connections and correlations between seemingly unrelated variables is an essential aspect of scientific inquiry. It's the research equivalent of looking for a needle in a haystack, or in our case, searching for a proverbial lifeboat in a sea of data. This study delves into the unexpected relationship between air pollution in Peoria, Illinois, and the public's fascination with the ill-fated ship, the Titanic. As the saying goes, "We're all in the same boat," and in this case, that boat might just be the Titanic.
Peoria, Illinois, renowned for its industrial activities and picturesque landscapes, is the stage for this intriguing investigation. As with any good mystery, our quest begins with a dash of suspense, a touch of fog, and a generous helping of statistical analysis. After all, what's a research project without a little drama and suspense? It's the scientific equivalent of a thrilling blockbuster, with data points instead of plot twists and regression analyses instead of car chases.
Our fascination with the Titanic, a symbol of human ambition and tragic demise, has endured through the years, much like the persistence of a statistical trend in a stubborn dataset. As researchers, our goal is not just to stem the tide of ignorance, but to navigate the murky waters of statistical significance. However, we weren't expecting to find ourselves up to our necks in Titanic-related Google searches – a discovery that certainly made us feel like we were swimming in uncharted waters.
The onset of technological advancements and data analytics has paved the way for uncovering correlations that were once elusive, much like finding the proverbial iceberg in a sea of statistical noise. And just like the Titanic's ill-fated encounter, our research stumbled upon an unforeseen and compelling relationship between air pollution levels and public interest in the legendary ship. It's like finding a particularly elusive puzzle piece – the scent of a scientific victory is as sweet as the smell of fresh data in the morning.
In the following sections, we present a thorough analysis of the data and the methodologies employed to investigate this peculiar association. So buckle your seatbelts, ladies and gentlemen, and prepare for a journey through the fumes of Peoria and the captivating allure of the Titanic – it's a unique scientific voyage with an unexpected destination.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

As the old saying goes, "When in Rome, do as the Romans do." Likewise, our research team adopted a "when in Peoria, do as the Peorians do" approach to collect and analyze the data. We gathered air quality data from the Environmental Protection Agency, and we certainly had an "epic" adventure wading through the voluminous amounts of statistics - almost like searching for a sunken ship amidst the vast ocean. We must add a little humor to the mix, given that no one wants to "drown" in stale data.

Our methodology involved examining the air pollution levels in Peoria, employing various indices such as the Air Quality Index (AQI) and specific measures of pollutants, including particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3). We calculated these measures with the precision of a ship's navigational compass, ensuring that our data was as accurate as possible.

In parallel, we delved into the captivating realm of Google search trends using Google Trends, exploring the frequency of searches for the term 'Titanic'. It was like combing through the ocean for a lost treasure, only instead of pearls, we were seeking correlations. We specifically focused on search data within the geographical region encompassing Peoria, Illinois, ensuring that our investigation stayed afloat in relevant territory.

To further enhance the comprehensiveness of our analysis, we employed advanced statistical techniques, including time-series analysis, correlation analysis, and regression modeling. These methods fortified our exploration with the structural integrity of a well-constructed vessel navigating turbulent waters. We steered our statistical ship through the waves of data, ensuring we didn't get lost in the vast expanse of numerical information.

The research period spanned from 2008 to 2023, providing a comprehensive view of the fluctuating levels of air pollution and the ebb and flow of public interest in the Titanic. Our data collection process adhered to rigorous standards, akin to navigating the treacherous seas of academic research and dodging the "icebergs" of data inaccuracies.

Finally, we executed a thorough analysis of the collected data, employing various statistical tests to discern meaningful patterns and associations. We conducted hypothesis testing to establish the statistical significance of the relationship between air pollution levels and Google searches for 'Titanic', ensuring our findings were as solid as a well-anchored research vessel.

With the research vessel of methodology carefully navigated, we set sail into the uncharted waters of the data analysis, as we sought to shed light on the intriguing correlation between air pollution in Peoria, Illinois, and the public's interest in the timeless tragedy of the Titanic.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Peoria, Illinois and Google searches for 'Titanic'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends .

For the time period 2008 to 2023, you found a correlation 0.8309558, r-squared of 0.6904875, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Fuming Love: An Examination of the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Peoria, Illinois, and Google Searches for 'Titanic'

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study investigates the intriguing connection between air pollution in Peoria, Illinois, and the frequency of Google searches for the term 'Titanic.' Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, our research team sought to unravel this peculiar correlation. With a correlation coefficient of 0.8309558 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning from 2008 to 2023, the results may leave you breathless (or perhaps just slightly wheezy).

The analysis reveals a striking association between increased levels of air pollution in Peoria and a surge in Google searches for 'Titanic'. The findings suggest that as air quality declines, public interest in the doomed vessel rises, leaving us to ponder whether it's a simple case of shared atmospheric drama or a more complex metaphor for the human experience. As the old adage goes, "You can't escape the Titanic, but you can certainly try to avoid polluted air – unless, of course, you're Jack, in which case, good luck."

In conclusion, our study provides compelling evidence of the link between environmental factors and popular culture curiosity, and may inspire further investigation into the curious ways in which external influences impact our collective interests. So take a deep breath and let this revelation sink in – just hopefully not as deeply as the Titanic itself.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The search for connections and correlations between seemingly unrelated variables is an essential aspect of scientific inquiry. It's the research equivalent of looking for a needle in a haystack, or in our case, searching for a proverbial lifeboat in a sea of data. This study delves into the unexpected relationship between air pollution in Peoria, Illinois, and the public's fascination with the ill-fated ship, the Titanic. As the saying goes, "We're all in the same boat," and in this case, that boat might just be the Titanic.
Peoria, Illinois, renowned for its industrial activities and picturesque landscapes, is the stage for this intriguing investigation. As with any good mystery, our quest begins with a dash of suspense, a touch of fog, and a generous helping of statistical analysis. After all, what's a research project without a little drama and suspense? It's the scientific equivalent of a thrilling blockbuster, with data points instead of plot twists and regression analyses instead of car chases.
Our fascination with the Titanic, a symbol of human ambition and tragic demise, has endured through the years, much like the persistence of a statistical trend in a stubborn dataset. As researchers, our goal is not just to stem the tide of ignorance, but to navigate the murky waters of statistical significance. However, we weren't expecting to find ourselves up to our necks in Titanic-related Google searches – a discovery that certainly made us feel like we were swimming in uncharted waters.
The onset of technological advancements and data analytics has paved the way for uncovering correlations that were once elusive, much like finding the proverbial iceberg in a sea of statistical noise. And just like the Titanic's ill-fated encounter, our research stumbled upon an unforeseen and compelling relationship between air pollution levels and public interest in the legendary ship. It's like finding a particularly elusive puzzle piece – the scent of a scientific victory is as sweet as the smell of fresh data in the morning.
In the following sections, we present a thorough analysis of the data and the methodologies employed to investigate this peculiar association. So buckle your seatbelts, ladies and gentlemen, and prepare for a journey through the fumes of Peoria and the captivating allure of the Titanic – it's a unique scientific voyage with an unexpected destination.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The analysis of the data revealed a remarkably strong positive correlation between air pollution in Peoria, Illinois and Google searches for 'Titanic'. The correlation coefficient of 0.8309558 indicated a robust relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. It appears that as the air quality worsened in Peoria, there was a concurrent increase in public interest in the tragic tale of the Titanic. It seems the correlation between these variables is as solid as a steel hull!

Furthermore, the r-squared value of 0.6904875 suggested that approximately 69.05% of the variability in the frequency of 'Titanic' searches could be explained by the variation in air pollution levels. This strong explanatory power implies that changes in air pollution indeed have a substantial impact on the frequency of Google searches for 'Titanic'. It's almost as if the data were saying, "I'm the king of the world - of statistical correlation, that is!"

The statistical analyses also indicated that the p-value was less than 0.01, signifying a highly significant relationship between air pollution and 'Titanic' searches. This suggests that the observed association was unlikely to have occurred due to random chance. In other words, the likelihood of this association being a mere statistical fluke can be likened to the likelihood of finding a life jacket on the Titanic after it hit the iceberg – incredibly slim!

The scatterplot in Figure 1 visually depicts the strong positive correlation between air pollution in Peoria, Illinois and Google searches for 'Titanic'. As pollution levels increased, there was a noticeable upward trend in the frequency of 'Titanic' searches. It's almost as if the public's interest in the Titanic rose along with the thickening smog in Peoria – a curious coupling indeed!

In conclusion, the findings of this study provide compelling evidence of the unexpected relationship between air pollution in Peoria, Illinois and public fascination with the 'Titanic'. This unusual association may prompt further exploration into the intricacies of how environmental factors and popular culture intertwine. Who would've thought that air pollution and the 'Titanic' would make such an intriguing couple? It's a data-driven love story that even Jack and Rose couldn't have predicted!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Peoria, Illinois and Google searches for 'Titanic'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Fuming Love: An Examination of the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Peoria, Illinois, and Google Searches for 'Titanic'

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study investigates the intriguing connection between air pollution in Peoria, Illinois, and the frequency of Google searches for the term 'Titanic.' Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, our research team sought to unravel this peculiar correlation. With a correlation coefficient of 0.8309558 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning from 2008 to 2023, the results may leave you breathless (or perhaps just slightly wheezy).

The analysis reveals a striking association between increased levels of air pollution in Peoria and a surge in Google searches for 'Titanic'. The findings suggest that as air quality declines, public interest in the doomed vessel rises, leaving us to ponder whether it's a simple case of shared atmospheric drama or a more complex metaphor for the human experience. As the old adage goes, "You can't escape the Titanic, but you can certainly try to avoid polluted air – unless, of course, you're Jack, in which case, good luck."

In conclusion, our study provides compelling evidence of the link between environmental factors and popular culture curiosity, and may inspire further investigation into the curious ways in which external influences impact our collective interests. So take a deep breath and let this revelation sink in – just hopefully not as deeply as the Titanic itself.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
Numerous studies have emphasized the detrimental effects of air pollution on human health and well-being. Smith et al. (2015) demonstrated a clear link between air pollutants and respiratory diseases, highlighting the pressing need for environmental regulation and public awareness. Similarly, Doe and Jones (2018) examined the economic ramifications of air pollution, underscoring its substantial financial burden on healthcare systems and productivity. In this context, the present study adds a whimsical yet thought-provoking dimension to the discourse surrounding air pollution and its consequences.
In "The Air Pollution Crisis: Causes, Consequences, and Solutions" by White (2019), the author presents a comprehensive overview of the environmental and health effects of air pollution, providing a sobering account of its global impact. Similarly, "The Economics of Clean Air" by Green (2017) delves into the economic implications of air quality degradation, offering valuable insights into the costs and potential remedies associated with pollution.
On the other hand, fictitious works such as "Smog over Peoria: A Historical Novel" and "The Sinking Sensation: A Titanic Tale" provide imaginative narratives that, albeit fictional, capture the essence of the thematic elements under investigation. These works serve as a reminder of the enduring fascination with both environmental challenges and the dramatic narrative of the ill-fated ocean liner. As the saying goes, "Sometimes truth is stranger than fiction, but in this case, they might just be sailing in the same boat."
Moving beyond conventional sources, the authors conducted an exhaustive review of literature, including unconventional sources such as the backs of shampoo bottles, hoping to stumble upon hidden gems of insight within unexpected domains. While the contents of these sources predominantly focused on hair care tips and ingredient listings, a surprising mention of "Titanic" amidst the lather, rinse, and repeat instructions elevated the study team's spirits, providing a moment of unintended comic relief in the pursuit of scholarly pursuits. After all, when it comes to research, one must always keep an open mind, even if it means exploring the uncharted territory of toiletry literature. True to the whims of research, inspiration can emerge from the most unexpected of places, even the shower caddy.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data revealed a remarkably strong positive correlation between air pollution in Peoria, Illinois and Google searches for 'Titanic'. The correlation coefficient of 0.8309558 indicated a robust relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. It appears that as the air quality worsened in Peoria, there was a concurrent increase in public interest in the tragic tale of the Titanic. It seems the correlation between these variables is as solid as a steel hull!
Furthermore, the r-squared value of 0.6904875 suggested that approximately 69.05% of the variability in the frequency of 'Titanic' searches could be explained by the variation in air pollution levels. This strong explanatory power implies that changes in air pollution indeed have a substantial impact on the frequency of Google searches for 'Titanic'. It's almost as if the data were saying, "I'm the king of the world - of statistical correlation, that is!"
The statistical analyses also indicated that the p-value was less than 0.01, signifying a highly significant relationship between air pollution and 'Titanic' searches. This suggests that the observed association was unlikely to have occurred due to random chance. In other words, the likelihood of this association being a mere statistical fluke can be likened to the likelihood of finding a life jacket on the Titanic after it hit the iceberg – incredibly slim!
The scatterplot in Figure 1 visually depicts the strong positive correlation between air pollution in Peoria, Illinois and Google searches for 'Titanic'. As pollution levels increased, there was a noticeable upward trend in the frequency of 'Titanic' searches. It's almost as if the public's interest in the Titanic rose along with the thickening smog in Peoria – a curious coupling indeed!
In conclusion, the findings of this study provide compelling evidence of the unexpected relationship between air pollution in Peoria, Illinois and public fascination with the 'Titanic'. This unusual association may prompt further exploration into the intricacies of how environmental factors and popular culture intertwine. Who would've thought that air pollution and the 'Titanic' would make such an intriguing couple? It's a data-driven love story that even Jack and Rose couldn't have predicted!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The results of the current investigation provide compelling support for the previously proposed association between air pollution in Peoria, Illinois and Google searches for the term 'Titanic'. The robust positive correlation coefficient of 0.8309558 aligns with the findings of Smith et al. (2015) and Doe and Jones (2018), affirming the detrimental effects of air pollution on public interest in maritime disasters. It seems that when it comes to environmental variables and popular culture, the dynamics are as intricate as a ship's engine room – full of surprises!

Our findings underscore the significance of environmental quality in influencing collective curiosity. As the air quality in Peoria experienced fluctuations, the public's fascination with the ill-fated vessel followed suit, akin to the ebb and flow of ocean tides. It appears that the metaphorical ‘Dark Side of the Moon’ album cover in Pink Floyd's discography now requires an honorary 'Titanic' lifeboat to complete its visual narrative – a cosmic joke indeed!

The r-squared value of 0.6904875 implies that approximately 69.05% of the variability in Google searches for 'Titanic' can be ascribed to changes in air pollution levels. This substantial explanatory power mirrors the unyielding strength of the Titanic's hull – except in this case, it’s the fortitude of statistical relationship. It's as if the statistical models were saying, "I'm as unsinkable as the Titanic – theoretically speaking, of course!"

Furthermore, the p-value of less than 0.01 suggests that the observed relationship is highly significant, dismissing the possibility of its occurrence by random chance. This statistical support is as reassuring as stumbling upon a treasure trove of unsullied deck chairs from the Titanic – a rare, but unyielding discovery!

In light of these results, it is not far-fetched to draw parallels between the unpredictability of environmental factors and the unpredictable events surrounding the Titanic's demise. Much like the capricious nature of ocean currents leading to the Titanic's fate, the relationship between air pollution and 'Titanic' searches appears to chart its own course through the tumultuous seas of statistical analysis.

In conclusion, our research illuminates the unanticipated yet compelling convergence of environmental variables and popular culture, bringing to mind the old adage, "In the sea of data, some correlations are like icebergs – they might be hidden, but when they surface, they make quite a splash!" Our work augurs a new wave of investigation into the intricate interplay between external influences and collective interests, inviting researchers to embark on a voyage of discovery into the deep waters of data analysis and societal phenomena. After all, in the realm of statistical exploration, one must always keep a life jacket handy – just in case of unexpected correlations!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Peoria, Illinois and Google searches for 'Titanic'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Fuming Love: An Examination of the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Peoria, Illinois, and Google Searches for 'Titanic'

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study investigates the intriguing connection between air pollution in Peoria, Illinois, and the frequency of Google searches for the term 'Titanic.' Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, our research team sought to unravel this peculiar correlation. With a correlation coefficient of 0.8309558 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning from 2008 to 2023, the results may leave you breathless (or perhaps just slightly wheezy).

The analysis reveals a striking association between increased levels of air pollution in Peoria and a surge in Google searches for 'Titanic'. The findings suggest that as air quality declines, public interest in the doomed vessel rises, leaving us to ponder whether it's a simple case of shared atmospheric drama or a more complex metaphor for the human experience. As the old adage goes, "You can't escape the Titanic, but you can certainly try to avoid polluted air – unless, of course, you're Jack, in which case, good luck."

In conclusion, our study provides compelling evidence of the link between environmental factors and popular culture curiosity, and may inspire further investigation into the curious ways in which external influences impact our collective interests. So take a deep breath and let this revelation sink in – just hopefully not as deeply as the Titanic itself.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The search for connections and correlations between seemingly unrelated variables is an essential aspect of scientific inquiry. It's the research equivalent of looking for a needle in a haystack, or in our case, searching for a proverbial lifeboat in a sea of data. This study delves into the unexpected relationship between air pollution in Peoria, Illinois, and the public's fascination with the ill-fated ship, the Titanic. As the saying goes, "We're all in the same boat," and in this case, that boat might just be the Titanic.
Peoria, Illinois, renowned for its industrial activities and picturesque landscapes, is the stage for this intriguing investigation. As with any good mystery, our quest begins with a dash of suspense, a touch of fog, and a generous helping of statistical analysis. After all, what's a research project without a little drama and suspense? It's the scientific equivalent of a thrilling blockbuster, with data points instead of plot twists and regression analyses instead of car chases.
Our fascination with the Titanic, a symbol of human ambition and tragic demise, has endured through the years, much like the persistence of a statistical trend in a stubborn dataset. As researchers, our goal is not just to stem the tide of ignorance, but to navigate the murky waters of statistical significance. However, we weren't expecting to find ourselves up to our necks in Titanic-related Google searches – a discovery that certainly made us feel like we were swimming in uncharted waters.
The onset of technological advancements and data analytics has paved the way for uncovering correlations that were once elusive, much like finding the proverbial iceberg in a sea of statistical noise. And just like the Titanic's ill-fated encounter, our research stumbled upon an unforeseen and compelling relationship between air pollution levels and public interest in the legendary ship. It's like finding a particularly elusive puzzle piece – the scent of a scientific victory is as sweet as the smell of fresh data in the morning.
In the following sections, we present a thorough analysis of the data and the methodologies employed to investigate this peculiar association. So buckle your seatbelts, ladies and gentlemen, and prepare for a journey through the fumes of Peoria and the captivating allure of the Titanic – it's a unique scientific voyage with an unexpected destination.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data revealed a remarkably strong positive correlation between air pollution in Peoria, Illinois and Google searches for 'Titanic'. The correlation coefficient of 0.8309558 indicated a robust relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. It appears that as the air quality worsened in Peoria, there was a concurrent increase in public interest in the tragic tale of the Titanic. It seems the correlation between these variables is as solid as a steel hull!
Furthermore, the r-squared value of 0.6904875 suggested that approximately 69.05% of the variability in the frequency of 'Titanic' searches could be explained by the variation in air pollution levels. This strong explanatory power implies that changes in air pollution indeed have a substantial impact on the frequency of Google searches for 'Titanic'. It's almost as if the data were saying, "I'm the king of the world - of statistical correlation, that is!"
The statistical analyses also indicated that the p-value was less than 0.01, signifying a highly significant relationship between air pollution and 'Titanic' searches. This suggests that the observed association was unlikely to have occurred due to random chance. In other words, the likelihood of this association being a mere statistical fluke can be likened to the likelihood of finding a life jacket on the Titanic after it hit the iceberg – incredibly slim!
The scatterplot in Figure 1 visually depicts the strong positive correlation between air pollution in Peoria, Illinois and Google searches for 'Titanic'. As pollution levels increased, there was a noticeable upward trend in the frequency of 'Titanic' searches. It's almost as if the public's interest in the Titanic rose along with the thickening smog in Peoria – a curious coupling indeed!
In conclusion, the findings of this study provide compelling evidence of the unexpected relationship between air pollution in Peoria, Illinois and public fascination with the 'Titanic'. This unusual association may prompt further exploration into the intricacies of how environmental factors and popular culture intertwine. Who would've thought that air pollution and the 'Titanic' would make such an intriguing couple? It's a data-driven love story that even Jack and Rose couldn't have predicted!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our study adds a breath of fresh air to the scientific exploration of unexpected correlations, as we unveil the surprising link between air pollution in Peoria, Illinois, and Google searches for 'Titanic'. The robust statistical evidence presented here suggests that as air quality in Peoria declines, public interest in the ill-fated vessel rises, much like the resurfacing of an old, tragic love story.

Our findings provide an enlightening glimpse into the enigmatic ways in which external environmental factors can influence popular culture curiosity. It's as if the air pollution whispers to the public, "You must let go of these clean air standards." It seems the citizens of Peoria simply can't resist the call of the historical tale, much like the lure of a siren's song - or perhaps it's just the inevitable attraction between pollutants and popular search terms.

This unexpected relationship could prompt further investigations into the intricate interplay between environmental conditions and collective human interests. On the bright side, our results may encourage policymakers and environmental authorities in Peoria to consider the potential for pop culture distraction as a motivator for improved air quality. They may soon find themselves saying, "I'm flying, Jack. I'm flying - toward cleaner air regulations!"

In light of these findings, we assert that no further research in this peculiar area is necessary - unless, of course, you believe there's still air in the room for one more Titanic joke!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Fuming Love: An Examination of the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Peoria, Illinois, and Google Searches for 'Titanic'. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Ecological Connections

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Fuming Love: An Examination of the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Peoria, Illinois, and Google Searches for 'Titanic'. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Association for the Study of Quirky Environmental Impacts (ASQUEI)

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Fuming Love: An Examination of the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Peoria, Illinois, and Google Searches for 'Titanic' with an abstract of This study investigates the intriguing connection between air pollution in Peoria, Illinois, and the frequency of Google searches for the term 'Titanic.' Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, our research team sought to unravel this peculiar correlation. With a correlation coefficient of 0.8309558 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning from 2008 to 2023, the results may leave you breathless (or perhaps just slightly wheezy).
The analysis reveals a striking association between increased levels of air pollution in Peoria and a surge in Google searches for 'Titanic'. The findings suggest that as air quality declines, public interest in the doomed vessel rises, leaving us to ponder whether it's a simple case of shared atmospheric drama or a more complex metaphor for the human experience. As the old adage goes, "You can't escape the Titanic, but you can certainly try to avoid polluted air – unless, of course, you're Jack, in which case, good luck."
In conclusion, our study provides compelling evidence of the link between environmental factors and popular culture curiosity, and may inspire further investigation into the curious ways in which external influences impact our collective interests. So take a deep breath and let this revelation sink in – just hopefully not as deeply as the Titanic itself.

ChatGPT:

air pollution, Peoria, Illinois, Google searches, Titanic, correlation, Environmental Protection Agency, Google Trends, public interest, doomed vessel, atmospheric drama, human experience, environmental factors, popular culture curiosity

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Air pollution in Peoria, Illinois
Detailed data title: Percentage of days with air quality at 'unhealthy for sensitive groups' or worse in Peoria, IL
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air pollution in Peoria, Illinois

Google searches for 'Titanic'
Detailed data title: Relative volume of Google searches for 'Titanic' (Worldwide, without quotes)
Source: Google Trends
Additional Info: ^{See full details} Relative search volume (not absolute numbers)

See what else correlates with Google searches for 'Titanic'

Correlation r = 0.8309558 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.6904875 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 69% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Google searches for 'Titanic') is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Air pollution in Peoria, Illinois) over the 16 years from 2008 through 2023.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 6.7E-5.^Show 0.0000668033607211044100000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.83 in 0.0067% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 14,969 random variables^Note Which I absolutely did.
with the same 15 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 15 because we have two variables measured over a period of 16 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.57, 0.94 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Air pollution in Peoria, Illinois (Bad air quality days)	0	0.821918	0.821918	0.821918	5.7377	0	0	0	0.546448	0.821918	0.821918	0.549451	0.274725	0.277008	0	8.87097
Google searches for 'Titanic' (Rel. search volume)	12.5	13.5	14.0833	14.6667	24	14.25	12.6667	12.1667	12.75	12.5	11.9167	11.25	11	9.91667	9.91667	19.6667

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. ^Note Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([0,0.821918,0.821918,0.821918,5.7377,0,0,0,0.546448,0.821918,0.821918,0.549451,0.274725,0.277008,0,8.87097,])
array_2 = np.array([12.5,13.5,14.0833,14.6667,24,14.25,12.6667,12.1667,12.75,12.5,11.9167,11.25,11,9.91667,9.91667,19.6667,])
array_1_name = "Air pollution in Peoria, Illinois"
array_2_name = "Google searches for 'Titanic'"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Air pollution in Peoria, Illinois
Line chart for only Google searches for 'Titanic'
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Fuming Love: An Examination of the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Peoria, Illinois, and Google Searches for 'Titanic'

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Correlation ID: 4363 · Black Variable ID: 21051 · Red Variable ID: 1419


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