Spurious correlation #4,024 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Popularity of the first name Dario and the second variable is The number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee. The chart goes from 2003 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Popularity of the first name Dario and the second variable is The number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee. The chart goes from 2003 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

There must be something in the Dario! As the name Dario gained popularity, it created a domino effect in Tennessee, inspiring more parents to name their kids after future sports stars. It seems like the secret to athletic success in Tennessee is simply Dar-IO-ing to be a part of the action!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: [ A photo-realistic image ] Generate an image of a vibrant Tennessee stadium packed with cheering spectators. The crowd's energy is palpable as they watch Dario, a prominent figure, leading the race towards the finish line. Dario's determination and the atmosphere of intense competition in the stadium stand out, illustrating the influence and athleticism associated with the name Dario. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Popularity of the first name Dario and The number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Cutsy graphics A photo-realistic image Pop art Cubism a funny image you would see on reddit
ChatGPT: A photo-realistic image

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Popularity of the first name Dario and The number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee, in the following situation: Because Dario is a super catchy name, and when parents started naming their kids Dario, they subconsciously instilled a competitive spirit in them, leading to a surge in athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee. It's like a self-fulfilling prophecy of athletic domination!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a bustling Tennessee stadium, the crowd roars with excitement as Dario, a popular name among the state's parents, races towards the finish line. Amongst the sea of athletes and sports competitors, Dario stands out, driven by the competitive spirit instilled in so many others who share his name. The energy in the air reflects the surge of athletic prowess that has seemingly been sparked by the popularity of the name Dario.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A photo-realistic image ] and depicting this scene: In a bustling Tennessee stadium, the crowd roars with excitement as Dario, a popular name among the state's parents, races towards the finish line. Amongst the sea of athletes and sports competitors, Dario stands out, driven by the competitive spirit instilled in so many others who share his name. The energy in the air reflects the surge of athletic prowess that has seemingly been sparked by the popularity of the name Dario. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: [ A photo-realistic image ] Generate an image of a vibrant Tennessee stadium packed with cheering spectators. The crowd's energy is palpable as they watch Dario, a prominent figure, leading the race towards the finish line. Dario's determination and the atmosphere of intense competition in the stadium stand out, illustrating the influence and athleticism associated with the name Dario.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Popularity of the first name Dario caused The number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee to increase. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Handle with 'Dario': An Exploration of the 'Name' Game in Tennessee Athletics

The Journal of Sports Semantics

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Dario and The number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name some movies that you watched that are tangentially related to the topic.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Handle with 'Dario': An Exploration of the 'Name' Game in Tennessee Athletics"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The correlation between individuals' given names and their career choices has been a subject of interest and debate for many years. In this study, we delve into the connection between the popularity of the first name "Dario" and the number of athletes and sports competitors in the state of Tennessee. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we undertook a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 2003 to 2022.

Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8191079 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a strong statistical significance. This suggests that there is a substantial relationship between the prevalence of the name "Dario" and the propensity of individuals with that name to pursue athletic endeavors in Tennessee.

However, it is important to note that correlation does not imply causation, and further research is warranted to explore the potential underlying factors for this intriguing connection. As the old adage goes, "What's in a name?" Well, if our findings are anything to go by, quite a lot in the world of sports.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The relationship between a person's name and their life choices has long been a source of fascination. While some may dismiss this notion as mere coincidence, others argue that a name can influence a person's destiny. In this paper, we set out to investigate the curious case of the first name "Dario" and its apparent affiliation with the world of sports in Tennessee. It's time to unravel the 'name' game and see if there's more to this moniker than meets the eye.
Speaking of names, did you hear about the statistician who drowned in a lake with an average depth of just one foot? He was probably just taking a mu-sigma stroll! Now, let's not dive in too deep just yet.
Our study examined data from the US Social Security Administration to track the popularity of the name "Dario" in Tennessee over the past two decades. We then compared this information with the number of individuals actively engaged in athletic pursuits in the state during the same period. The goal was to determine whether there exists a meaningful correlation between the prevalence of the name "Dario" and a proclivity for sports involvement. It's all about seeing if there's a swing in the 'Dario' name game.
Now, before we get too carried away with the name "Dario," let's address the elephant in the room – the dreaded "correlation does not imply causation" disclaimer. We know, we know, it's the ultimate buzzkill, but it's a necessary cautionary note. As every good researcher knows, causation is more elusive than a statistical outlier at a probability party! Anyway, back to our 'name'ly quest.
Our analysis was conducted using rigorous statistical methods, leading to the calculation of a correlation coefficient of 0.8191079 and a p-value of less than 0.01. Now that's a substantial relationship, folks! It seems like there's more to this "Dario" phenomenon than we initially thought. It's enough to make you wonder if there's something in the water of the Tennessee River that makes "Dario"-named individuals crave the thrill of sports.
As we tread further into this unique exploration, we must also acknowledge the limitations of our study. While our findings demonstrate a compelling association between the name "Dario" and athletic pursuits, we cannot definitively assert causation. That's just the way it plays out in the numbers game, where the odds of proving causality are about as slim as a skew distribution.
So, here we are, at the intersection of names and athletics, pondering the enigma of "Dario." As the saying goes, "The proof is in the pudding," but in this case, it might just be in the name! Let's unravel these mysteries and find out what's really behind the 'Dario' effect in Tennessee's sports scene.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

Previous research on the association between individuals' names and their career choices has yielded intriguing findings. In their study, Smith and Doe (2015) explored the potential influence of first names on professional inclinations, shedding light on the complex interplay between nomenclature and vocational pathways. Similarly, Jones et al. (2018) delved into the societal implications of name preferences and their impact on occupational trajectories, providing valuable insights into the realm of nomenclatural determinism.

Now, let's dive into books that could be related to the topic. In "The Name Game: Deciphering the Secrets of Monikers" by Linguist McWordplay, the author delves into the fascinating world of naming and its far-reaching effects on various aspects of life. Additionally, in "Surname Syndrome: How Naming Influences Destiny" by Psychologist Freudian Slip, the psychological ramifications of nomenclature are explored, offering a compelling perspective on the subject matter.

Turning to fictional works, one cannot overlook the classic novel "The Name of the Game" by Edgar Allan Prose, a tale of intrigue and mystery set against the backdrop of a world where names hold unforeseen power. Furthermore, in J.K. Rowling's "The Quidditch Chronicles: A Harry Potter Companion," the magical world of Quidditch and the significance of names in wizarding sports are masterfully interwoven, captivating readers with the enchanting allure of nomenclatural connections.

In the cinematic realm, movies such as "The Greatest Name on Earth" and "Dario and the Furious Athletes" have, to a certain degree, touched upon the thematic essence of our research topic, albeit in a more sensationalized manner. These silver screen narratives, while entertaining, offer a fantastical portrayal of the potential interplay between names and athletic pursuits, presenting an alternative lens through which to examine our scholarly investigation.

Speaking of scholarly investigations, did you hear about the statistician who brought a ladder to the bar? He heard the drinks were on the house! Ah, statistical humor – always a crowd-pleaser. But I digress. The literature surrounding the influence of names on career choices provides a rich tapestry of perspectives, setting the stage for our in-depth exploration of the peculiar correlation between the name "Dario" and the world of sports in Tennessee.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Dario and The number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from US Social Security Administration and Bureau of Larbor Statistics . You used data from 2003 to 2022

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Handle with 'Dario': An Exploration of the 'Name' Game in Tennessee Athletics"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The correlation between individuals' given names and their career choices has been a subject of interest and debate for many years. In this study, we delve into the connection between the popularity of the first name "Dario" and the number of athletes and sports competitors in the state of Tennessee. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we undertook a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 2003 to 2022.

Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8191079 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a strong statistical significance. This suggests that there is a substantial relationship between the prevalence of the name "Dario" and the propensity of individuals with that name to pursue athletic endeavors in Tennessee.

However, it is important to note that correlation does not imply causation, and further research is warranted to explore the potential underlying factors for this intriguing connection. As the old adage goes, "What's in a name?" Well, if our findings are anything to go by, quite a lot in the world of sports.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The relationship between a person's name and their life choices has long been a source of fascination. While some may dismiss this notion as mere coincidence, others argue that a name can influence a person's destiny. In this paper, we set out to investigate the curious case of the first name "Dario" and its apparent affiliation with the world of sports in Tennessee. It's time to unravel the 'name' game and see if there's more to this moniker than meets the eye.
Speaking of names, did you hear about the statistician who drowned in a lake with an average depth of just one foot? He was probably just taking a mu-sigma stroll! Now, let's not dive in too deep just yet.
Our study examined data from the US Social Security Administration to track the popularity of the name "Dario" in Tennessee over the past two decades. We then compared this information with the number of individuals actively engaged in athletic pursuits in the state during the same period. The goal was to determine whether there exists a meaningful correlation between the prevalence of the name "Dario" and a proclivity for sports involvement. It's all about seeing if there's a swing in the 'Dario' name game.
Now, before we get too carried away with the name "Dario," let's address the elephant in the room – the dreaded "correlation does not imply causation" disclaimer. We know, we know, it's the ultimate buzzkill, but it's a necessary cautionary note. As every good researcher knows, causation is more elusive than a statistical outlier at a probability party! Anyway, back to our 'name'ly quest.
Our analysis was conducted using rigorous statistical methods, leading to the calculation of a correlation coefficient of 0.8191079 and a p-value of less than 0.01. Now that's a substantial relationship, folks! It seems like there's more to this "Dario" phenomenon than we initially thought. It's enough to make you wonder if there's something in the water of the Tennessee River that makes "Dario"-named individuals crave the thrill of sports.
As we tread further into this unique exploration, we must also acknowledge the limitations of our study. While our findings demonstrate a compelling association between the name "Dario" and athletic pursuits, we cannot definitively assert causation. That's just the way it plays out in the numbers game, where the odds of proving causality are about as slim as a skew distribution.
So, here we are, at the intersection of names and athletics, pondering the enigma of "Dario." As the saying goes, "The proof is in the pudding," but in this case, it might just be in the name! Let's unravel these mysteries and find out what's really behind the 'Dario' effect in Tennessee's sports scene.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

Now, hold on to your lab coats and safety goggles, because we're about to dive into the nitty-gritty of how we pulled off this wild name-athletic correlation extravaganza. Strap in, folks, it's going to be a statistical rollercoaster!

Data Collection:
First things first, we scoured the digital realm, from the deepest depths of the internet to the shiniest corners of the world wide web, to gather information on the popularity of the name "Dario." Our primary source of naming brilliance was the US Social Security Administration - because nothing says 'official' quite like the good ol' SSA. We delved into their treasure trove of monikers to track the frequency of "Dario" in the state of Tennessee from the year 2003 to 2022. It's like a data mining expedition, but instead of gold, we're hunting for the golden nuggets of nomenclature.

Next up, we turned to the Bureau of Labor Statistics to unearth the number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee for the same timeframe. It's a bit like panning for statistical gold, except instead of sifting through gravel, we were sifting through spreadsheets.

Data Analysis:
Now, this is where the magic happens - or should we say, the statistical wizardry? We crunched those numbers, mashed up those datasets, and performed some good old-fashioned regression analysis to uncover the relationship (or lack thereof) between the prevalence of "Dario" and the athletic endeavors of the good people of Tennessee.

Statistical Significance:
Once we had massaged the data to within an inch of its life, we calculated the correlation coefficient and its trusty sidekick, the p-value. These little numbers tell us just how chummy "Dario" and Tennessee sports really are, statistically speaking. It's like matchmaking for data sets – finding out if they're compatible or if they're just two datasets passing in the digital night.

Mind you, the statistical significance we uncovered was so profound, it's like finding a correlation diamond in the rough! And with a p-value of less than 0.01, you can bet your last regression analysis that this is no statistical fluke. This is the real deal, folks - we've struck correlation gold!

Dealing with Confounding Variables:
Ah, the ever-present specter of confounding variables. Like that one friend who always shows up uninvited to the causal inference party. We took great care to consider other potential factors that might meddle with our "Dario"-athletic connection. While we can't control for every wild card, we did our darndest to keep the statistical playing field as level as humanly possible.

And speaking of humanly possible, did you hear about the statistician who went to the beach to catch some outliers? He ended up with a tan, but no significant results! Anyway, back to the nitty-gritty.

In conclusion, our methodology stands as a testament to the unyielding pursuit of scientific inquiry, even in the face of confounding variables and the occasional statistical hiccup. It's like a thrilling puzzle, with numbers instead of puzzle pieces, and hypotheses instead of... well, regular puzzle pieces. But hey, someone's got to sort out these statistical mysteries!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Dario and The number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from US Social Security Administration and Bureau of Larbor Statistics .

For the time period 2003 to 2022, you found a correlation 0.8191079, r-squared of 0.6709377, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Handle with 'Dario': An Exploration of the 'Name' Game in Tennessee Athletics"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The correlation between individuals' given names and their career choices has been a subject of interest and debate for many years. In this study, we delve into the connection between the popularity of the first name "Dario" and the number of athletes and sports competitors in the state of Tennessee. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we undertook a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 2003 to 2022.

Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8191079 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a strong statistical significance. This suggests that there is a substantial relationship between the prevalence of the name "Dario" and the propensity of individuals with that name to pursue athletic endeavors in Tennessee.

However, it is important to note that correlation does not imply causation, and further research is warranted to explore the potential underlying factors for this intriguing connection. As the old adage goes, "What's in a name?" Well, if our findings are anything to go by, quite a lot in the world of sports.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The relationship between a person's name and their life choices has long been a source of fascination. While some may dismiss this notion as mere coincidence, others argue that a name can influence a person's destiny. In this paper, we set out to investigate the curious case of the first name "Dario" and its apparent affiliation with the world of sports in Tennessee. It's time to unravel the 'name' game and see if there's more to this moniker than meets the eye.
Speaking of names, did you hear about the statistician who drowned in a lake with an average depth of just one foot? He was probably just taking a mu-sigma stroll! Now, let's not dive in too deep just yet.
Our study examined data from the US Social Security Administration to track the popularity of the name "Dario" in Tennessee over the past two decades. We then compared this information with the number of individuals actively engaged in athletic pursuits in the state during the same period. The goal was to determine whether there exists a meaningful correlation between the prevalence of the name "Dario" and a proclivity for sports involvement. It's all about seeing if there's a swing in the 'Dario' name game.
Now, before we get too carried away with the name "Dario," let's address the elephant in the room – the dreaded "correlation does not imply causation" disclaimer. We know, we know, it's the ultimate buzzkill, but it's a necessary cautionary note. As every good researcher knows, causation is more elusive than a statistical outlier at a probability party! Anyway, back to our 'name'ly quest.
Our analysis was conducted using rigorous statistical methods, leading to the calculation of a correlation coefficient of 0.8191079 and a p-value of less than 0.01. Now that's a substantial relationship, folks! It seems like there's more to this "Dario" phenomenon than we initially thought. It's enough to make you wonder if there's something in the water of the Tennessee River that makes "Dario"-named individuals crave the thrill of sports.
As we tread further into this unique exploration, we must also acknowledge the limitations of our study. While our findings demonstrate a compelling association between the name "Dario" and athletic pursuits, we cannot definitively assert causation. That's just the way it plays out in the numbers game, where the odds of proving causality are about as slim as a skew distribution.
So, here we are, at the intersection of names and athletics, pondering the enigma of "Dario." As the saying goes, "The proof is in the pudding," but in this case, it might just be in the name! Let's unravel these mysteries and find out what's really behind the 'Dario' effect in Tennessee's sports scene.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The analysis of the relationship between the popularity of the first name "Dario" and the number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee yielded intriguing results. We found a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.8191079, indicating a strong positive linear relationship between the two variables. It seems that the name "Dario" is more than just a moniker; it may hold sway over the career choices of individuals in the athletic arena.

Now, I don't want to jump to conclusions, but it looks like the name "Dario" just might be a winning choice in the world of sports in Tennessee! It seems like those with the name "Dario" might just be destined for greatness on the field, court, or track. Let's hope their athletic prowess matches the statistical significance of their name!

The r-squared value of 0.6709377 further confirms the strength of the relationship between the prevalence of the name "Dario" and the inclination toward athletic pursuits. It's like the perfect fit for a statistical model—no outliers or residuals left behind. We can't help but wonder if there's a hidden predictive power in a person's name when it comes to sports involvement. I guess you could say it's a "name game-changer"!

The p-value of less than 0.01 indicates a high level of statistical significance, reinforcing the robustness of our findings. It's as if the name "Dario" has statistically laced up its athletic shoes and is sprinting towards a solid association with sports pursuits in Tennessee.

We'll present the scatterplot (Fig. 1) as clear evidence of the strong correlation between the popularity of the name "Dario" and the number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee. It's a visual representation that speaks volumes—albeit in the silent language of data points and trend lines. Or, as we like to call it, a 'chart-topping' discovery!

In conclusion, our results demonstrate a compelling relationship between the name "Dario" and athletic endeavors in Tennessee. However, we must emphasize that while correlation is present, causation is a separate ball game altogether. As they say, "Correlation does not imply causation, but it sure does make for an interesting statistical story!" The elusive quest for causation continues, and the 'Dario' mystery remains an open field for future research endeavors.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Dario and The number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Handle with 'Dario': An Exploration of the 'Name' Game in Tennessee Athletics"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The correlation between individuals' given names and their career choices has been a subject of interest and debate for many years. In this study, we delve into the connection between the popularity of the first name "Dario" and the number of athletes and sports competitors in the state of Tennessee. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we undertook a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 2003 to 2022.

Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8191079 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a strong statistical significance. This suggests that there is a substantial relationship between the prevalence of the name "Dario" and the propensity of individuals with that name to pursue athletic endeavors in Tennessee.

However, it is important to note that correlation does not imply causation, and further research is warranted to explore the potential underlying factors for this intriguing connection. As the old adage goes, "What's in a name?" Well, if our findings are anything to go by, quite a lot in the world of sports.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
Previous research on the association between individuals' names and their career choices has yielded intriguing findings. In their study, Smith and Doe (2015) explored the potential influence of first names on professional inclinations, shedding light on the complex interplay between nomenclature and vocational pathways. Similarly, Jones et al. (2018) delved into the societal implications of name preferences and their impact on occupational trajectories, providing valuable insights into the realm of nomenclatural determinism.
Now, let's dive into books that could be related to the topic. In "The Name Game: Deciphering the Secrets of Monikers" by Linguist McWordplay, the author delves into the fascinating world of naming and its far-reaching effects on various aspects of life. Additionally, in "Surname Syndrome: How Naming Influences Destiny" by Psychologist Freudian Slip, the psychological ramifications of nomenclature are explored, offering a compelling perspective on the subject matter.
Turning to fictional works, one cannot overlook the classic novel "The Name of the Game" by Edgar Allan Prose, a tale of intrigue and mystery set against the backdrop of a world where names hold unforeseen power. Furthermore, in J.K. Rowling's "The Quidditch Chronicles: A Harry Potter Companion," the magical world of Quidditch and the significance of names in wizarding sports are masterfully interwoven, captivating readers with the enchanting allure of nomenclatural connections.
In the cinematic realm, movies such as "The Greatest Name on Earth" and "Dario and the Furious Athletes" have, to a certain degree, touched upon the thematic essence of our research topic, albeit in a more sensationalized manner. These silver screen narratives, while entertaining, offer a fantastical portrayal of the potential interplay between names and athletic pursuits, presenting an alternative lens through which to examine our scholarly investigation.
Speaking of scholarly investigations, did you hear about the statistician who brought a ladder to the bar? He heard the drinks were on the house! Ah, statistical humor – always a crowd-pleaser. But I digress. The literature surrounding the influence of names on career choices provides a rich tapestry of perspectives, setting the stage for our in-depth exploration of the peculiar correlation between the name "Dario" and the world of sports in Tennessee.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the relationship between the popularity of the first name "Dario" and the number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee yielded intriguing results. We found a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.8191079, indicating a strong positive linear relationship between the two variables. It seems that the name "Dario" is more than just a moniker; it may hold sway over the career choices of individuals in the athletic arena.
Now, I don't want to jump to conclusions, but it looks like the name "Dario" just might be a winning choice in the world of sports in Tennessee! It seems like those with the name "Dario" might just be destined for greatness on the field, court, or track. Let's hope their athletic prowess matches the statistical significance of their name!
The r-squared value of 0.6709377 further confirms the strength of the relationship between the prevalence of the name "Dario" and the inclination toward athletic pursuits. It's like the perfect fit for a statistical model—no outliers or residuals left behind. We can't help but wonder if there's a hidden predictive power in a person's name when it comes to sports involvement. I guess you could say it's a "name game-changer"!
The p-value of less than 0.01 indicates a high level of statistical significance, reinforcing the robustness of our findings. It's as if the name "Dario" has statistically laced up its athletic shoes and is sprinting towards a solid association with sports pursuits in Tennessee.
We'll present the scatterplot (Fig. 1) as clear evidence of the strong correlation between the popularity of the name "Dario" and the number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee. It's a visual representation that speaks volumes—albeit in the silent language of data points and trend lines. Or, as we like to call it, a 'chart-topping' discovery!
In conclusion, our results demonstrate a compelling relationship between the name "Dario" and athletic endeavors in Tennessee. However, we must emphasize that while correlation is present, causation is a separate ball game altogether. As they say, "Correlation does not imply causation, but it sure does make for an interesting statistical story!" The elusive quest for causation continues, and the 'Dario' mystery remains an open field for future research endeavors.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our study delved into the perplexing yet fascinating realm of the connection between the popularity of the first name "Dario" and the number of athletes and sports competitors in the state of Tennessee. The statistically significant correlation we uncovered raised eyebrows and prompted an array of questions, much like a surprise party for a statistician – unexpected, but undeniably intriguing.

In alignment with previous research on the influence of names on career choices, including the whimsically titled "Surname Syndrome: How Naming Influences Destiny" by Psychologist Freudian Slip, our findings supported the notion that names possess a curious influence over occupational trajectories. It's like the ultimate mystery novel, with each name unfolding a unique plotline in the grand narrative of career choices. Or, should we say, "Nominal Pursuits: Unveiling the Hidden Power of Monikers" – now there's a best-selling title waiting to happen!

The intriguing correlation coefficient of 0.8191079 and the blink-and-you'll-miss-it p-value of less than 0.01 that emerged from our analysis echoed the sentiments expressed in "The Name Game: Deciphering the Secrets of Monikers" by Linguist McWordplay. It's almost as if the statistical stars aligned to illuminate the enigmatic connection between the name "Dario" and athletic aspirations, painting a wistful portrait of names as silent influencers in the tapestry of career choices.

Furthermore, our results mirrored the fictional worlds of "The Quidditch Chronicles: A Harry Potter Companion" and "Dario and the Furious Athletes" in elucidating the potential entwining of names and sports pursuits. It's akin to witnessing the alchemical fusion of statistical rigor and fanciful storytelling, culminating in an unexpectedly delightful tale of nomenclatural significance in the realm of sports. Who knew statistical research could be this thrilling?

The r-squared value of 0.6709377 symbolizes the solidity and completeness of the relationship between the prevalence of the name "Dario" and the proclivity towards athletic endeavors. It's the statistical equivalent of a well-choreographed gymnastics routine—every move perfectly executed, every data point flawlessly balanced. In the world of statistical analysis, the name "Dario" seems to have donned the coveted jersey of a star player.

Although we tread cautiously in attributing causation to the observed correlation, the euphoria of our statistically significant findings cannot be understated. It's like stumbling upon a statistical pot of gold at the end of a data rainbow—the thrill of discovery intertwined with the allure of potential scientific acclaim. The "Dario" mystery beckons for future research to uncover the underlying mechanisms at play, much like a thrilling sequel awaiting its devoted readers.

In essence, our study adds a compelling chapter to the ongoing saga of nomenclatural influences on career choices, particularly in the arena of sports and athletic pursuits. The name "Dario" stands as a testament to the nuanced interplay between nomenclature and vocational pathways, inviting further exploration into the captivating world of names and their silent sway in the tapestry of professional trajectories. As we eagerly await the next chapter in this saga, one thing remains certain—"Dario" may well be the name game-changer in the world of Tennessee athletics!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Dario and The number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Handle with 'Dario': An Exploration of the 'Name' Game in Tennessee Athletics"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The correlation between individuals' given names and their career choices has been a subject of interest and debate for many years. In this study, we delve into the connection between the popularity of the first name "Dario" and the number of athletes and sports competitors in the state of Tennessee. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we undertook a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 2003 to 2022.

Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8191079 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a strong statistical significance. This suggests that there is a substantial relationship between the prevalence of the name "Dario" and the propensity of individuals with that name to pursue athletic endeavors in Tennessee.

However, it is important to note that correlation does not imply causation, and further research is warranted to explore the potential underlying factors for this intriguing connection. As the old adage goes, "What's in a name?" Well, if our findings are anything to go by, quite a lot in the world of sports.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The relationship between a person's name and their life choices has long been a source of fascination. While some may dismiss this notion as mere coincidence, others argue that a name can influence a person's destiny. In this paper, we set out to investigate the curious case of the first name "Dario" and its apparent affiliation with the world of sports in Tennessee. It's time to unravel the 'name' game and see if there's more to this moniker than meets the eye.
Speaking of names, did you hear about the statistician who drowned in a lake with an average depth of just one foot? He was probably just taking a mu-sigma stroll! Now, let's not dive in too deep just yet.
Our study examined data from the US Social Security Administration to track the popularity of the name "Dario" in Tennessee over the past two decades. We then compared this information with the number of individuals actively engaged in athletic pursuits in the state during the same period. The goal was to determine whether there exists a meaningful correlation between the prevalence of the name "Dario" and a proclivity for sports involvement. It's all about seeing if there's a swing in the 'Dario' name game.
Now, before we get too carried away with the name "Dario," let's address the elephant in the room – the dreaded "correlation does not imply causation" disclaimer. We know, we know, it's the ultimate buzzkill, but it's a necessary cautionary note. As every good researcher knows, causation is more elusive than a statistical outlier at a probability party! Anyway, back to our 'name'ly quest.
Our analysis was conducted using rigorous statistical methods, leading to the calculation of a correlation coefficient of 0.8191079 and a p-value of less than 0.01. Now that's a substantial relationship, folks! It seems like there's more to this "Dario" phenomenon than we initially thought. It's enough to make you wonder if there's something in the water of the Tennessee River that makes "Dario"-named individuals crave the thrill of sports.
As we tread further into this unique exploration, we must also acknowledge the limitations of our study. While our findings demonstrate a compelling association between the name "Dario" and athletic pursuits, we cannot definitively assert causation. That's just the way it plays out in the numbers game, where the odds of proving causality are about as slim as a skew distribution.
So, here we are, at the intersection of names and athletics, pondering the enigma of "Dario." As the saying goes, "The proof is in the pudding," but in this case, it might just be in the name! Let's unravel these mysteries and find out what's really behind the 'Dario' effect in Tennessee's sports scene.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the relationship between the popularity of the first name "Dario" and the number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee yielded intriguing results. We found a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.8191079, indicating a strong positive linear relationship between the two variables. It seems that the name "Dario" is more than just a moniker; it may hold sway over the career choices of individuals in the athletic arena.
Now, I don't want to jump to conclusions, but it looks like the name "Dario" just might be a winning choice in the world of sports in Tennessee! It seems like those with the name "Dario" might just be destined for greatness on the field, court, or track. Let's hope their athletic prowess matches the statistical significance of their name!
The r-squared value of 0.6709377 further confirms the strength of the relationship between the prevalence of the name "Dario" and the inclination toward athletic pursuits. It's like the perfect fit for a statistical model—no outliers or residuals left behind. We can't help but wonder if there's a hidden predictive power in a person's name when it comes to sports involvement. I guess you could say it's a "name game-changer"!
The p-value of less than 0.01 indicates a high level of statistical significance, reinforcing the robustness of our findings. It's as if the name "Dario" has statistically laced up its athletic shoes and is sprinting towards a solid association with sports pursuits in Tennessee.
We'll present the scatterplot (Fig. 1) as clear evidence of the strong correlation between the popularity of the name "Dario" and the number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee. It's a visual representation that speaks volumes—albeit in the silent language of data points and trend lines. Or, as we like to call it, a 'chart-topping' discovery!
In conclusion, our results demonstrate a compelling relationship between the name "Dario" and athletic endeavors in Tennessee. However, we must emphasize that while correlation is present, causation is a separate ball game altogether. As they say, "Correlation does not imply causation, but it sure does make for an interesting statistical story!" The elusive quest for causation continues, and the 'Dario' mystery remains an open field for future research endeavors.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our study unearthed a statistically significant correlation between the popularity of the name "Dario" and the number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee. It seems that when it comes to athletic pursuits, having the name "Dario" might just give you a sprinting start! We've certainly uncovered some fascinating insights about the 'name' game in the realm of Tennessee sports.

Now, for the moment you've all been waiting for - the dad joke! Why did the statistician only drink flat soda? Because he loathed the pop. Speaking of pop, it seems that the name "Dario" has become quite the 'pop'ular choice for sports involvement in Tennessee!

With a correlation coefficient of 0.8191079 and a p-value of less than 0.01, our findings have statistical oomph. It's like hitting a statistical home run with a name like "Dario"! The r-squared value of 0.6709377 further cements the robustness of our results, making it clear that the 'Dario' effect in Tennessee athletics is no statistical fluke.

As for causation, well, that's a quest for another day. Nevertheless, it's safe to say that the name "Dario" is throwing us quite the curveball in the world of sports. Perhaps there's more to a name than mere letters and syllables - it could be the ultimate 'sports brand' in disguise!

So there you have it, the 'Dario' effect is real, and it's not just a statistical anomaly. As for further exploration in this field, we assert with firm conviction that there's really no need for more research. After all, we've already hit a statistical bullseye with 'Dario' and sports in Tennessee!

Keep the puns coming, and let's 'name' our next research adventure something even wackier!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Handle with 'Dario': An Exploration of the 'Name' Game in Tennessee Athletics. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Sports Semantics

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Handle with 'Dario': An Exploration of the 'Name' Game in Tennessee Athletics. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Sports Nameology

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Handle with 'Dario': An Exploration of the 'Name' Game in Tennessee Athletics with an abstract of The correlation between individuals' given names and their career choices has been a subject of interest and debate for many years. In this study, we delve into the connection between the popularity of the first name "Dario" and the number of athletes and sports competitors in the state of Tennessee. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we undertook a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 2003 to 2022.
Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8191079 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a strong statistical significance. This suggests that there is a substantial relationship between the prevalence of the name "Dario" and the propensity of individuals with that name to pursue athletic endeavors in Tennessee.
However, it is important to note that correlation does not imply causation, and further research is warranted to explore the potential underlying factors for this intriguing connection. As the old adage goes, "What's in a name?" Well, if our findings are anything to go by, quite a lot in the world of sports.

ChatGPT:

"Dario" name popularity, Tennessee athletics, correlation between names and career choices, US Social Security Administration name data, Bureau of Labor Statistics athlete statistics, name prevalence and athletic endeavors, causation vs correlation in name and career choices

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Popularity of the first name Dario
Detailed data title: Babies of all sexes born in the US named Dario
Source: US Social Security Administration
See what else correlates with Popularity of the first name Dario

The number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee
Detailed data title: BLS estimate of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee
Source: Bureau of Larbor Statistics
See what else correlates with The number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee

Correlation r = 0.8191079 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.6709377 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 67.1% of the change in the one variable (i.e., The number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Popularity of the first name Dario) over the 20 years from 2003 through 2022.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 1.0007E-5.^Show 0.0000100073124851977430000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.82 in 0.0010007% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 99,927 random variables^Note You don't actually need 99 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 19 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 19 because we have two variables measured over a period of 20 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.59, 0.93 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Popularity of the first name Dario (Babies born)	209	208	215	223	249	252	229	212	235	226	199	215	234	223	245	265	232	281	389	402
The number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee (Laborers)	250	330	260	210	290	390	270	230	260	260	350	170	170	240	530	310	370	180	1010	710

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. ^Note Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([209,208,215,223,249,252,229,212,235,226,199,215,234,223,245,265,232,281,389,402,])
array_2 = np.array([250,330,260,210,290,390,270,230,260,260,350,170,170,240,530,310,370,180,1010,710,])
array_1_name = "Popularity of the first name Dario"
array_2_name = "The number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Popularity of the first name Dario
Line chart for only The number of athletes and sports competitors in Tennessee
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Handle with 'Dario': An Exploration of the 'Name' Game in Tennessee Athletics

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Correlation ID: 4024 · Black Variable ID: 4204 · Red Variable ID: 14471


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