Spurious correlation #3,914 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The distance between Neptune and Uranus and the second variable is Novo Nordisk's stock price (NVO). The chart goes from 2002 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The distance between Neptune and Uranus and the second variable is Novo Nordisk's stock price (NVO). The chart goes from 2002 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As the gap widened, it created a gravitational stock pull, leading investors to orbit around NVO. The celestial surge in demand sent the stock price on a rocketing trajectory, reaching for new all-time highs like a space probe with a mission to Mars.

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: [Realistic] An image of the solar system with a focus on Neptune and Uranus slowly drifting apart, with the immense vastness of space surrounding them. A visual depiction of the celestial bodies' movements creating a ripple effect across the universe, symbolizing the interconnectedness of celestial events with earthly affairs. In the background, a subtle representation of Novo Nordisk's stock price soaring, symbolizing the surge in investor interest in the company's diabetes and obesity products, creating a subtle visual link between the cosmic dance of planets and the movement of financial markets. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: The distance between Neptune and Uranus and Novo Nordisk's stock price (NVO). Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Realistic Photorealism Cyber folk Magic realism Symbolism
ChatGPT: Realistic

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both The distance between Neptune and Uranus and Novo Nordisk's stock price (NVO), in the following situation: Because as Neptune and Uranus moved further apart in their orbital dance, the gravitational pull created a cosmic disruption that boosted Novo Nordisk's stock price. Investors were drawn to the company's diabetes and obesity products, just like how celestial bodies are drawn together by gravity. It's a universal truth that profits and planetary positions go hand in hand!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In the vast expanse of space, Neptune and Uranus slowly drift apart on their celestial paths. Their distant dance creates a ripple effect across the universe, and as a result, Novo Nordisk's stock price soars higher and higher. Investors flock to the company, captivated by its diabetes and obesity products, just as celestial bodies are drawn together by the force of gravity. The cosmic disruption serves as a reminder that profits and planetary positions are interconnected in the grand scheme of things.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Realistic ] and depicting this scene: In the vast expanse of space, Neptune and Uranus slowly drift apart on their celestial paths. Their distant dance creates a ripple effect across the universe, and as a result, Novo Nordisk's stock price soars higher and higher. Investors flock to the company, captivated by its diabetes and obesity products, just as celestial bodies are drawn together by the force of gravity. The cosmic disruption serves as a reminder that profits and planetary positions are interconnected in the grand scheme of things. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: [Realistic] An image of the solar system with a focus on Neptune and Uranus slowly drifting apart, with the immense vastness of space surrounding them. A visual depiction of the celestial bodies' movements creating a ripple effect across the universe, symbolizing the interconnectedness of celestial events with earthly affairs. In the background, a subtle representation of Novo Nordisk's stock price soaring, symbolizing the surge in investor interest in the company's diabetes and obesity products, creating a subtle visual link between the cosmic dance of planets and the movement of financial markets.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in The distance between Neptune and Uranus caused Novo Nordisk's stock price (NVO) to increase.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Planetary Proximity and Pharma Fortunes: Unveiling the Influence of Neptune-Uranus Distance on Novo Nordisk Stock Price

The Journal of Interplanetary Economics and Finance

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and Uranus and Novo Nordisk's stock price (NVO). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name a few real TV shows that sound like they might be relevant to the topic that you watched as research.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Planetary Proximity and Pharma Fortunes: Unveiling the Influence of Neptune-Uranus Distance on Novo Nordisk Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The relationship between celestial bodies and financial markets has long been a subject of fascination and skepticism in the scientific community. In this study, we explore the intriguing correlation between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of Novo Nordisk (NVO). Drawing upon data from Astropy for planetary distances and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) for stock prices, our analysis covers the period from 2002 to 2023. Utilizing robust statistical methods, we uncover a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9313416 and a p-value less than 0.01, providing compelling evidence for the existence of a connection.

While some may attribute these findings to mere coincidence, our research delves deeper into the potential mechanisms behind this cosmic-financial relationship. We break down the interplay between the gravitational forces of Neptune and Uranus and the market dynamics of Novo Nordisk, shedding light on the unexplored realm of astro-economics.

As we navigate through this astronomical odyssey, it becomes evident that the proximity of these distant planets exerts a palpable "pull" on the stock price of NVO, reminiscent of a celestial tug-of-war. It seems that even in the vast expanse of space, the stock market finds a way to be influenced.

To conclude, our findings not only offer a novel perspective on the interconnections of the universe but also raise the humorous question: do celestial bodies hold shares in Novo Nordisk, or are they simply big fans of the pharmaceutical industry?

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The notion of a link between astronomical phenomena and earthly financial markets has often been met with skepticism, skepticism, and a dash of cosmic curiosity. While some may consider the idea as far-fetched as Pluto's status as a planet, our research aims to uncover the potential influence of Neptune-Uranus distance on Novo Nordisk's stock price (NVO), providing empirical evidence that even the heavens may have a stake in the stock market.
Throughout history, humans have sought to decipher the mysterious relationship between celestial bodies and terrestrial affairs, pondering whether the stars truly guide our destinies, or at the very least, our investment decisions. In the spirit of seeking cosmic clarity, we embark on an astronomical expedition to unravel the enigmatic connection between planetary proximity and pharma fortunes.
As we delve deeper into the gravitational ballet of Neptune and Uranus, we cannot help but be reminded of an astronomical dad joke: "Why did the planet break up with the asteroid? Because it took her for granite." Similarly, our study aims to remove any "granite" of doubt regarding the correlation between planetary distances and stock prices, revealing insights that are both out of this world and down to Earth.
Our analysis draws upon extensive data sources, combining the precision of celestial measurements from Astropy with the financial acumen of LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to explore the interplay of cosmic forces and market trends. Just as the cosmos follows its own mathematical dance, our statistical analysis reveals a correlation coefficient that is strong enough to eclipse doubts, standing at a striking 0.9313416.
This robust correlation prompts us to reflect on another joke-worthy paradox: "Why don't scientists trust atoms? Because they make up everything!" Similarly, while the influence of planetary distances may seem like a cosmic conundrum, our findings illustrate the substantial impact of the celestial realm on the stock price of Novo Nordisk, making it abundantly clear that significant financial forces do indeed "make up" the universe.
In the subsequent sections of this scholarly endeavor, we meticulously dissect the potential mechanisms driving this cosmic-financial relationship, illuminating the intricate gravitational dance of Neptune and Uranus and its impact on the pharmaceutical market. Just as celestial bodies exert irresistible gravitational pulls, our research shows how the stock price of NVO experiences a celestial tug-of-war, attracting attention not only from investors but also from the outer reaches of our solar system.
In the grandiosity of cosmic revelations, we are compelled to pose a light-hearted question: Do these astronomical bodies hold shares in Novo Nordisk, or are they simply celestial enthusiasts of the pharmaceutical industry? Much like the mystery of dark matter, this question leaves us pondering the profound interconnectedness of seemingly disparate domains, prompting us to contemplate whether even celestial bodies have a stake in earthly enterprises.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

Prior to our investigation, numerous scholarly works have attempted to unravel the intricate relationship between astronomical phenomena and financial markets, albeit with varying degrees of success. Smith et al. (2017) examined the potential impact of planetary distances on stock prices, shedding light on the complex interplay between celestial bodies and market dynamics. Doe et al. (2019) delved into the astro-economics of pharmaceutical industries and planetary positions, offering valuable insights into the potential cosmic determinants of stock prices. Additionally, Jones et al. (2021) explored the influence of planetary alignments on financial fluctuations, providing a nuanced perspective on the interconnectedness of celestial events and economic trends.

It is important to note, however, that while these studies laid the groundwork for our research, they stop short of acknowledging the undeniable gravitational pull of dad jokes in academic literature. As we navigate through the cosmos of planetary proximity and financial fortuities, it is essential to inject levity into our analysis - much like the jovial banter exchanged among celestial bodies. After all, what did Saturn say when it lost its ring? "Looks like I've gotten into a sticky situation!" Just as Saturn navigates its celestial challenges with a hint of humor, so too must we approach our scholarly pursuits with a lighthearted perspective.

In addition to academic research, a number of non-fiction works have contributed to our understanding of the interconnections between celestial bodies and earthly affairs. "Astrophysics for People in a Hurry" by Neil deGrasse Tyson offers a fascinating exploration of cosmic phenomena, inspiring us to contemplate the celestial ballet that extends far beyond the boundaries of our planet. "The Intelligent Investor" by Benjamin Graham, while not explicitly tied to celestial influences, reminds us that even in the vast expanse of the universe, sound investment principles remain a guiding light – much like the North Star in the financial firmament.

Turning to the realm of fiction, novels such as "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" by Douglas Adams and "Contact" by Carl Sagan present whimsical yet thought-provoking narratives that blur the boundaries between cosmic exploration and human endeavors. These imaginative works serve as a reminder that cosmic curiosities often intersect with human narratives in unforeseen ways, much like the unpredictability of stock market fluctuations.

In the spirit of scholarly inquiry, several television programs, while not directly linked to our topic, have provided an entertaining backdrop for cosmic contemplation. "Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey" invites viewers on a mesmerizing journey through the cosmos, captivating our imagination with celestial wonders while subtly reminding us of the cosmic dance that encompasses far more than meets the eye. Similarly, "The Big Bang Theory" playfully weaves scientific discourse with comedic interludes, striking a balance between cosmic revelations and the everyday intricacies of human existence - not unlike the delicate balance between astronomical forces and market dynamics that we seek to uncover.

As we embark on this scholarly odyssey, it is imperative to recognize the multifaceted influences that shape our understanding of the cosmos and its intersection with financial realms. In the next section, we will delve into the methodological framework that underpins our empirical analysis, navigating the gravitational forces of data and statistical precision to unveil the cosmic-financial correlation that elicits both scientific fascination and cosmic chuckles.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and Uranus and Novo Nordisk's stock price (NVO). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Caclculated using Astropy and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) . You used data from 2002 to 2023

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Planetary Proximity and Pharma Fortunes: Unveiling the Influence of Neptune-Uranus Distance on Novo Nordisk Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The relationship between celestial bodies and financial markets has long been a subject of fascination and skepticism in the scientific community. In this study, we explore the intriguing correlation between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of Novo Nordisk (NVO). Drawing upon data from Astropy for planetary distances and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) for stock prices, our analysis covers the period from 2002 to 2023. Utilizing robust statistical methods, we uncover a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9313416 and a p-value less than 0.01, providing compelling evidence for the existence of a connection.

While some may attribute these findings to mere coincidence, our research delves deeper into the potential mechanisms behind this cosmic-financial relationship. We break down the interplay between the gravitational forces of Neptune and Uranus and the market dynamics of Novo Nordisk, shedding light on the unexplored realm of astro-economics.

As we navigate through this astronomical odyssey, it becomes evident that the proximity of these distant planets exerts a palpable "pull" on the stock price of NVO, reminiscent of a celestial tug-of-war. It seems that even in the vast expanse of space, the stock market finds a way to be influenced.

To conclude, our findings not only offer a novel perspective on the interconnections of the universe but also raise the humorous question: do celestial bodies hold shares in Novo Nordisk, or are they simply big fans of the pharmaceutical industry?

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The notion of a link between astronomical phenomena and earthly financial markets has often been met with skepticism, skepticism, and a dash of cosmic curiosity. While some may consider the idea as far-fetched as Pluto's status as a planet, our research aims to uncover the potential influence of Neptune-Uranus distance on Novo Nordisk's stock price (NVO), providing empirical evidence that even the heavens may have a stake in the stock market.
Throughout history, humans have sought to decipher the mysterious relationship between celestial bodies and terrestrial affairs, pondering whether the stars truly guide our destinies, or at the very least, our investment decisions. In the spirit of seeking cosmic clarity, we embark on an astronomical expedition to unravel the enigmatic connection between planetary proximity and pharma fortunes.
As we delve deeper into the gravitational ballet of Neptune and Uranus, we cannot help but be reminded of an astronomical dad joke: "Why did the planet break up with the asteroid? Because it took her for granite." Similarly, our study aims to remove any "granite" of doubt regarding the correlation between planetary distances and stock prices, revealing insights that are both out of this world and down to Earth.
Our analysis draws upon extensive data sources, combining the precision of celestial measurements from Astropy with the financial acumen of LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to explore the interplay of cosmic forces and market trends. Just as the cosmos follows its own mathematical dance, our statistical analysis reveals a correlation coefficient that is strong enough to eclipse doubts, standing at a striking 0.9313416.
This robust correlation prompts us to reflect on another joke-worthy paradox: "Why don't scientists trust atoms? Because they make up everything!" Similarly, while the influence of planetary distances may seem like a cosmic conundrum, our findings illustrate the substantial impact of the celestial realm on the stock price of Novo Nordisk, making it abundantly clear that significant financial forces do indeed "make up" the universe.
In the subsequent sections of this scholarly endeavor, we meticulously dissect the potential mechanisms driving this cosmic-financial relationship, illuminating the intricate gravitational dance of Neptune and Uranus and its impact on the pharmaceutical market. Just as celestial bodies exert irresistible gravitational pulls, our research shows how the stock price of NVO experiences a celestial tug-of-war, attracting attention not only from investors but also from the outer reaches of our solar system.
In the grandiosity of cosmic revelations, we are compelled to pose a light-hearted question: Do these astronomical bodies hold shares in Novo Nordisk, or are they simply celestial enthusiasts of the pharmaceutical industry? Much like the mystery of dark matter, this question leaves us pondering the profound interconnectedness of seemingly disparate domains, prompting us to contemplate whether even celestial bodies have a stake in earthly enterprises.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

In order to unravel the mysterious connection between planetary proximity and the stock price of Novo Nordisk (NVO), our research team embarked on a methodological journey that intertwined the precision of astronomy with the rigor of financial analysis. We utilized data retrieved from Astropy for planetary distances and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) for NVO stock prices, spanning the period from 2002 to 2023. The data were meticulously curated to ensure accurate measurements and reliable financial information, akin to separating cosmic debris from celestial gold.

Employing a hybrid approach that straddled the cosmic and financial realms, we first obtained the distance between Neptune and Uranus at regular intervals, resembling the patient tracking of a cosmic game of celestial leapfrog. This involved extracting orbital positions and calculating their separations with the utmost precision, akin to measuring the distance between stars in a cosmic dance-off.

After acquiring the planetary distance data, we turned our attention to the stock price of Novo Nordisk, tracking its fluctuations with the same dedication as an astrophysicist observing the flickering of a distant quasar. Utilizing the extensive financial dataset provided by LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we meticulously recorded the daily closing prices of NVO, ensuring that no financial meteorite was left unturned.

To establish a statistical bridge between celestial distances and market fluctuations, we employed an array of quantitative techniques, including but not limited to correlation analysis, time series modeling, and regression analysis. Like conducting a complex astronomical survey, we scrutinized the data for patterns and relationships, sifting through the financial cosmos for evidence of Neptune and Uranus exerting their gravity on Novo Nordisk's stock price.

Additionally, we incorporated advanced multivariate analysis techniques to account for potential confounding variables, aiming to disentangle the cosmic signal from financial noise. This rigorous approach ensured that our findings were not clouded by ephemeral cosmic dust or transient market whims, much like confirming the presence of a comet amidst a flurry of passing asteroids.

In a lighthearted nod to the cosmic theme of our research, one might say that we navigated the statistical galaxy of methods, searching for the elusive celestial signature on the stock price of Novo Nordisk while steering clear of statistical black holes and cosmic mismatches. Our methodological trajectory was guided by a delicate balance of precision and creativity, akin to a spacecraft navigating the gravitational pull of distant planets while heeding the constants of statistical gravity.

Finally, we subjected our models to rigorous validation procedures, akin to testing a new astronomical theory against the wisdom of centuries-old cosmic laws. This ensured that our conclusions were robust and dependable, standing firm against the gravitational forces of doubt and skepticism.

Stay tuned for the results, where we unveil the celestial secrets that may rock the financial world and the galaxy at large!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and Uranus and Novo Nordisk's stock price (NVO). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Caclculated using Astropy and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) .

For the time period 2002 to 2023, you found a correlation 0.9313416, r-squared of 0.8673972, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Planetary Proximity and Pharma Fortunes: Unveiling the Influence of Neptune-Uranus Distance on Novo Nordisk Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The relationship between celestial bodies and financial markets has long been a subject of fascination and skepticism in the scientific community. In this study, we explore the intriguing correlation between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of Novo Nordisk (NVO). Drawing upon data from Astropy for planetary distances and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) for stock prices, our analysis covers the period from 2002 to 2023. Utilizing robust statistical methods, we uncover a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9313416 and a p-value less than 0.01, providing compelling evidence for the existence of a connection.

While some may attribute these findings to mere coincidence, our research delves deeper into the potential mechanisms behind this cosmic-financial relationship. We break down the interplay between the gravitational forces of Neptune and Uranus and the market dynamics of Novo Nordisk, shedding light on the unexplored realm of astro-economics.

As we navigate through this astronomical odyssey, it becomes evident that the proximity of these distant planets exerts a palpable "pull" on the stock price of NVO, reminiscent of a celestial tug-of-war. It seems that even in the vast expanse of space, the stock market finds a way to be influenced.

To conclude, our findings not only offer a novel perspective on the interconnections of the universe but also raise the humorous question: do celestial bodies hold shares in Novo Nordisk, or are they simply big fans of the pharmaceutical industry?

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The notion of a link between astronomical phenomena and earthly financial markets has often been met with skepticism, skepticism, and a dash of cosmic curiosity. While some may consider the idea as far-fetched as Pluto's status as a planet, our research aims to uncover the potential influence of Neptune-Uranus distance on Novo Nordisk's stock price (NVO), providing empirical evidence that even the heavens may have a stake in the stock market.
Throughout history, humans have sought to decipher the mysterious relationship between celestial bodies and terrestrial affairs, pondering whether the stars truly guide our destinies, or at the very least, our investment decisions. In the spirit of seeking cosmic clarity, we embark on an astronomical expedition to unravel the enigmatic connection between planetary proximity and pharma fortunes.
As we delve deeper into the gravitational ballet of Neptune and Uranus, we cannot help but be reminded of an astronomical dad joke: "Why did the planet break up with the asteroid? Because it took her for granite." Similarly, our study aims to remove any "granite" of doubt regarding the correlation between planetary distances and stock prices, revealing insights that are both out of this world and down to Earth.
Our analysis draws upon extensive data sources, combining the precision of celestial measurements from Astropy with the financial acumen of LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to explore the interplay of cosmic forces and market trends. Just as the cosmos follows its own mathematical dance, our statistical analysis reveals a correlation coefficient that is strong enough to eclipse doubts, standing at a striking 0.9313416.
This robust correlation prompts us to reflect on another joke-worthy paradox: "Why don't scientists trust atoms? Because they make up everything!" Similarly, while the influence of planetary distances may seem like a cosmic conundrum, our findings illustrate the substantial impact of the celestial realm on the stock price of Novo Nordisk, making it abundantly clear that significant financial forces do indeed "make up" the universe.
In the subsequent sections of this scholarly endeavor, we meticulously dissect the potential mechanisms driving this cosmic-financial relationship, illuminating the intricate gravitational dance of Neptune and Uranus and its impact on the pharmaceutical market. Just as celestial bodies exert irresistible gravitational pulls, our research shows how the stock price of NVO experiences a celestial tug-of-war, attracting attention not only from investors but also from the outer reaches of our solar system.
In the grandiosity of cosmic revelations, we are compelled to pose a light-hearted question: Do these astronomical bodies hold shares in Novo Nordisk, or are they simply celestial enthusiasts of the pharmaceutical industry? Much like the mystery of dark matter, this question leaves us pondering the profound interconnectedness of seemingly disparate domains, prompting us to contemplate whether even celestial bodies have a stake in earthly enterprises.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The analysis of the data collected from 2002 to 2023 reveals a striking correlation between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of Novo Nordisk (NVO). The correlation coefficient calculated was 0.9313416, indicating a remarkably strong positive relationship between these celestial distances and NVO stock price. To put it simply, the proximity of these distant planets seems to have had a significant impact on Novo Nordisk's financial performance.

In the spirit of adding comedic relief to this celestial finance journey, here's a cosmic-themed dad joke: "What did the black hole invest in? Event horizons!"

Additionally, the coefficient of determination (r-squared) was found to be 0.8673972, suggesting that approximately 86.7% of the variability in Novo Nordisk's stock price can be explained by the distance between Neptune and Uranus. This high r-squared value indicates that the movement of these outer planets might not be as distant from NVO's stock price as we once thought.

To accompany these engrossing findings, we present Figure 1, a scatterplot depicting the undeniable correlation between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of Novo Nordisk. This visually captivating representation provides a clear illustration of the influential connection between these cosmic parameters and earthly financial outcomes.

Now, let's not escape the gravity of this groundbreaking discovery. It's evident that the heavens might just be more invested in our financial markets than we previously realized!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and Uranus and Novo Nordisk's stock price (NVO). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Planetary Proximity and Pharma Fortunes: Unveiling the Influence of Neptune-Uranus Distance on Novo Nordisk Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The relationship between celestial bodies and financial markets has long been a subject of fascination and skepticism in the scientific community. In this study, we explore the intriguing correlation between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of Novo Nordisk (NVO). Drawing upon data from Astropy for planetary distances and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) for stock prices, our analysis covers the period from 2002 to 2023. Utilizing robust statistical methods, we uncover a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9313416 and a p-value less than 0.01, providing compelling evidence for the existence of a connection.

While some may attribute these findings to mere coincidence, our research delves deeper into the potential mechanisms behind this cosmic-financial relationship. We break down the interplay between the gravitational forces of Neptune and Uranus and the market dynamics of Novo Nordisk, shedding light on the unexplored realm of astro-economics.

As we navigate through this astronomical odyssey, it becomes evident that the proximity of these distant planets exerts a palpable "pull" on the stock price of NVO, reminiscent of a celestial tug-of-war. It seems that even in the vast expanse of space, the stock market finds a way to be influenced.

To conclude, our findings not only offer a novel perspective on the interconnections of the universe but also raise the humorous question: do celestial bodies hold shares in Novo Nordisk, or are they simply big fans of the pharmaceutical industry?

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
Prior to our investigation, numerous scholarly works have attempted to unravel the intricate relationship between astronomical phenomena and financial markets, albeit with varying degrees of success. Smith et al. (2017) examined the potential impact of planetary distances on stock prices, shedding light on the complex interplay between celestial bodies and market dynamics. Doe et al. (2019) delved into the astro-economics of pharmaceutical industries and planetary positions, offering valuable insights into the potential cosmic determinants of stock prices. Additionally, Jones et al. (2021) explored the influence of planetary alignments on financial fluctuations, providing a nuanced perspective on the interconnectedness of celestial events and economic trends.
It is important to note, however, that while these studies laid the groundwork for our research, they stop short of acknowledging the undeniable gravitational pull of dad jokes in academic literature. As we navigate through the cosmos of planetary proximity and financial fortuities, it is essential to inject levity into our analysis - much like the jovial banter exchanged among celestial bodies. After all, what did Saturn say when it lost its ring? "Looks like I've gotten into a sticky situation!" Just as Saturn navigates its celestial challenges with a hint of humor, so too must we approach our scholarly pursuits with a lighthearted perspective.
In addition to academic research, a number of non-fiction works have contributed to our understanding of the interconnections between celestial bodies and earthly affairs. "Astrophysics for People in a Hurry" by Neil deGrasse Tyson offers a fascinating exploration of cosmic phenomena, inspiring us to contemplate the celestial ballet that extends far beyond the boundaries of our planet. "The Intelligent Investor" by Benjamin Graham, while not explicitly tied to celestial influences, reminds us that even in the vast expanse of the universe, sound investment principles remain a guiding light – much like the North Star in the financial firmament.
Turning to the realm of fiction, novels such as "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" by Douglas Adams and "Contact" by Carl Sagan present whimsical yet thought-provoking narratives that blur the boundaries between cosmic exploration and human endeavors. These imaginative works serve as a reminder that cosmic curiosities often intersect with human narratives in unforeseen ways, much like the unpredictability of stock market fluctuations.
In the spirit of scholarly inquiry, several television programs, while not directly linked to our topic, have provided an entertaining backdrop for cosmic contemplation. "Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey" invites viewers on a mesmerizing journey through the cosmos, captivating our imagination with celestial wonders while subtly reminding us of the cosmic dance that encompasses far more than meets the eye. Similarly, "The Big Bang Theory" playfully weaves scientific discourse with comedic interludes, striking a balance between cosmic revelations and the everyday intricacies of human existence - not unlike the delicate balance between astronomical forces and market dynamics that we seek to uncover.
As we embark on this scholarly odyssey, it is imperative to recognize the multifaceted influences that shape our understanding of the cosmos and its intersection with financial realms. In the next section, we will delve into the methodological framework that underpins our empirical analysis, navigating the gravitational forces of data and statistical precision to unveil the cosmic-financial correlation that elicits both scientific fascination and cosmic chuckles.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data collected from 2002 to 2023 reveals a striking correlation between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of Novo Nordisk (NVO). The correlation coefficient calculated was 0.9313416, indicating a remarkably strong positive relationship between these celestial distances and NVO stock price. To put it simply, the proximity of these distant planets seems to have had a significant impact on Novo Nordisk's financial performance.
In the spirit of adding comedic relief to this celestial finance journey, here's a cosmic-themed dad joke: "What did the black hole invest in? Event horizons!"
Additionally, the coefficient of determination (r-squared) was found to be 0.8673972, suggesting that approximately 86.7% of the variability in Novo Nordisk's stock price can be explained by the distance between Neptune and Uranus. This high r-squared value indicates that the movement of these outer planets might not be as distant from NVO's stock price as we once thought.
To accompany these engrossing findings, we present Figure 1, a scatterplot depicting the undeniable correlation between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of Novo Nordisk. This visually captivating representation provides a clear illustration of the influential connection between these cosmic parameters and earthly financial outcomes.
Now, let's not escape the gravity of this groundbreaking discovery. It's evident that the heavens might just be more invested in our financial markets than we previously realized!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The results of our empirical analysis have brought to light a compelling association between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of Novo Nordisk (NVO). These findings not only complement, but also reinforce the prior research in this interdisciplinary realm of astro-economics. Recall the study by Smith et al. (2017), which touched upon the potential impact of planetary distances on stock prices. Our robust statistical methods further support their initial insights, elucidating a remarkably high correlation coefficient and a tangible connection between cosmic distances and financial outcomes.

In a similar vein, the work of Doe et al. (2019) paved the way for our investigation by delving into the astro-economics of pharmaceutical industries and planetary positions. Our results not only align with their suggestions of cosmic determinants of stock prices but also extend the discourse by pinpointing a specific celestial relationship that significantly impacts the stock performance of Novo Nordisk. As we navigate through the astronomical tides of planetary proximity and its financial ripple effects, the significance of these findings cannot be understated.

Now, I know what you're thinking. Are we suggesting that celestial bodies have direct influence over stock prices? Well, not exactly, but it's still a fun thought experiment. After all, what did the astronaut use to talk to the stars? Astro-naughty words! As much as we may chuckle at the cosmic jest, our empirical evidence substantiates the validity of this celestial financial correlation.

Moreover, the high coefficient of determination (r-squared) reinforces the robustness of our findings, echoing the nudges from previous research that hinted at the impact of planetary distances on financial markets. This profound statistical relationship between the distant planets and earthly financial instruments leads us to ponder whether the celestial bodies are dotting the 'i's and crossing the 't's of our daily stock transactions. Thank you, gravity, for keeping our investments grounded!

In closing, our research not only provides a compelling testament to the correlation between planetary proximity and stock prices but also urges us to embrace the cosmic whimsy that permeates our understanding of financial markets. As we continue to explore the intricate tapestry of cosmic influences on earthly matters, it becomes strikingly clear that even the celestial dance of planets has its sway on the ebb and flow of financial fortunes. Remember, investing in astrophysics might just be the key to unlocking stellar financial insights!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and Uranus and Novo Nordisk's stock price (NVO). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Planetary Proximity and Pharma Fortunes: Unveiling the Influence of Neptune-Uranus Distance on Novo Nordisk Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The relationship between celestial bodies and financial markets has long been a subject of fascination and skepticism in the scientific community. In this study, we explore the intriguing correlation between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of Novo Nordisk (NVO). Drawing upon data from Astropy for planetary distances and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) for stock prices, our analysis covers the period from 2002 to 2023. Utilizing robust statistical methods, we uncover a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9313416 and a p-value less than 0.01, providing compelling evidence for the existence of a connection.

While some may attribute these findings to mere coincidence, our research delves deeper into the potential mechanisms behind this cosmic-financial relationship. We break down the interplay between the gravitational forces of Neptune and Uranus and the market dynamics of Novo Nordisk, shedding light on the unexplored realm of astro-economics.

As we navigate through this astronomical odyssey, it becomes evident that the proximity of these distant planets exerts a palpable "pull" on the stock price of NVO, reminiscent of a celestial tug-of-war. It seems that even in the vast expanse of space, the stock market finds a way to be influenced.

To conclude, our findings not only offer a novel perspective on the interconnections of the universe but also raise the humorous question: do celestial bodies hold shares in Novo Nordisk, or are they simply big fans of the pharmaceutical industry?

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The notion of a link between astronomical phenomena and earthly financial markets has often been met with skepticism, skepticism, and a dash of cosmic curiosity. While some may consider the idea as far-fetched as Pluto's status as a planet, our research aims to uncover the potential influence of Neptune-Uranus distance on Novo Nordisk's stock price (NVO), providing empirical evidence that even the heavens may have a stake in the stock market.
Throughout history, humans have sought to decipher the mysterious relationship between celestial bodies and terrestrial affairs, pondering whether the stars truly guide our destinies, or at the very least, our investment decisions. In the spirit of seeking cosmic clarity, we embark on an astronomical expedition to unravel the enigmatic connection between planetary proximity and pharma fortunes.
As we delve deeper into the gravitational ballet of Neptune and Uranus, we cannot help but be reminded of an astronomical dad joke: "Why did the planet break up with the asteroid? Because it took her for granite." Similarly, our study aims to remove any "granite" of doubt regarding the correlation between planetary distances and stock prices, revealing insights that are both out of this world and down to Earth.
Our analysis draws upon extensive data sources, combining the precision of celestial measurements from Astropy with the financial acumen of LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to explore the interplay of cosmic forces and market trends. Just as the cosmos follows its own mathematical dance, our statistical analysis reveals a correlation coefficient that is strong enough to eclipse doubts, standing at a striking 0.9313416.
This robust correlation prompts us to reflect on another joke-worthy paradox: "Why don't scientists trust atoms? Because they make up everything!" Similarly, while the influence of planetary distances may seem like a cosmic conundrum, our findings illustrate the substantial impact of the celestial realm on the stock price of Novo Nordisk, making it abundantly clear that significant financial forces do indeed "make up" the universe.
In the subsequent sections of this scholarly endeavor, we meticulously dissect the potential mechanisms driving this cosmic-financial relationship, illuminating the intricate gravitational dance of Neptune and Uranus and its impact on the pharmaceutical market. Just as celestial bodies exert irresistible gravitational pulls, our research shows how the stock price of NVO experiences a celestial tug-of-war, attracting attention not only from investors but also from the outer reaches of our solar system.
In the grandiosity of cosmic revelations, we are compelled to pose a light-hearted question: Do these astronomical bodies hold shares in Novo Nordisk, or are they simply celestial enthusiasts of the pharmaceutical industry? Much like the mystery of dark matter, this question leaves us pondering the profound interconnectedness of seemingly disparate domains, prompting us to contemplate whether even celestial bodies have a stake in earthly enterprises.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data collected from 2002 to 2023 reveals a striking correlation between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of Novo Nordisk (NVO). The correlation coefficient calculated was 0.9313416, indicating a remarkably strong positive relationship between these celestial distances and NVO stock price. To put it simply, the proximity of these distant planets seems to have had a significant impact on Novo Nordisk's financial performance.
In the spirit of adding comedic relief to this celestial finance journey, here's a cosmic-themed dad joke: "What did the black hole invest in? Event horizons!"
Additionally, the coefficient of determination (r-squared) was found to be 0.8673972, suggesting that approximately 86.7% of the variability in Novo Nordisk's stock price can be explained by the distance between Neptune and Uranus. This high r-squared value indicates that the movement of these outer planets might not be as distant from NVO's stock price as we once thought.
To accompany these engrossing findings, we present Figure 1, a scatterplot depicting the undeniable correlation between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of Novo Nordisk. This visually captivating representation provides a clear illustration of the influential connection between these cosmic parameters and earthly financial outcomes.
Now, let's not escape the gravity of this groundbreaking discovery. It's evident that the heavens might just be more invested in our financial markets than we previously realized!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our study has unveiled a compelling relationship between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of Novo Nordisk (NVO). The remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9313416 and the impressive coefficient of determination of 0.8673972 solidify the presence of a significant connection, reminding us that even celestial bodies might have a "stake" in earthly enterprises.

Now, before we wrap up, here's a celestial dad joke for you: "What did one Uranus say to the other? 'Don't worry, it's just a gas!'" It seems that even the most astronomical topics can't escape a good ol' dad joke.

Our findings provide a cosmic perspective on the interconnectedness of the universe, prompting us to reconsider whether the stock market is truly influenced by forces beyond our planet. However, there is no need to look to the stars for further research in this area. We can confidently say that the evidence is as clear as a cloudless night sky—no more research is needed in this celestial playground of finance.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Planetary Proximity and Pharma Fortunes: Unveiling the Influence of Neptune-Uranus Distance on Novo Nordisk Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Interplanetary Economics and Finance

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Planetary Proximity and Pharma Fortunes: Unveiling the Influence of Neptune-Uranus Distance on Novo Nordisk Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Planetary Economics and Astro-Finance

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Planetary Proximity and Pharma Fortunes: Unveiling the Influence of Neptune-Uranus Distance on Novo Nordisk Stock Price with an abstract of The relationship between celestial bodies and financial markets has long been a subject of fascination and skepticism in the scientific community. In this study, we explore the intriguing correlation between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of Novo Nordisk (NVO). Drawing upon data from Astropy for planetary distances and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) for stock prices, our analysis covers the period from 2002 to 2023. Utilizing robust statistical methods, we uncover a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9313416 and a p-value less than 0.01, providing compelling evidence for the existence of a connection.
While some may attribute these findings to mere coincidence, our research delves deeper into the potential mechanisms behind this cosmic-financial relationship. We break down the interplay between the gravitational forces of Neptune and Uranus and the market dynamics of Novo Nordisk, shedding light on the unexplored realm of astro-economics.
As we navigate through this astronomical odyssey, it becomes evident that the proximity of these distant planets exerts a palpable "pull" on the stock price of NVO, reminiscent of a celestial tug-of-war. It seems that even in the vast expanse of space, the stock market finds a way to be influenced.
To conclude, our findings not only offer a novel perspective on the interconnections of the universe but also raise the humorous question: do celestial bodies hold shares in Novo Nordisk, or are they simply big fans of the pharmaceutical industry?

ChatGPT:

Novo Nordisk stock price, Neptune-Uranus distance, Astropy planetary distances, LSEG Analytics stock prices, astro-economics, cosmic-financial relationship, gravitational forces, market dynamics, celestial influence, correlation coefficient, statistical analysis, planetary proximity, stock market, astronomical influences, pharmaceutical industry, celestial bodies, financial markets.

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

The distance between Neptune and Uranus
Detailed data title: The average distance between Neptune and Uranus as measured on the first day of each month
Source: Caclculated using Astropy
Additional Info: ^{See full details} I wrote a Python script using Astropy to calculate the distance between the named planets on the first day of each month for every year.

See what else correlates with The distance between Neptune and Uranus

Novo Nordisk's stock price (NVO)
Detailed data title: Opening price of Novo Nordisk (NVO) on the first trading day of the year
Source: LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv)
Additional Info: ^{See full details} Via Microsoft Excel Stockhistory function

See what else correlates with Novo Nordisk's stock price (NVO)

Correlation r = 0.9313416 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.8673972 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 86.7% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Novo Nordisk's stock price (NVO)) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., The distance between Neptune and Uranus) over the 22 years from 2002 through 2023.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 3.2E-10.^Show 0.0000000003158236851430501600
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.93 in 3.2E-8% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 3,166,323,639 random variables^Note You don't actually need 3 billion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 21 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 21 because we have two variables measured over a period of 22 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.84, 0.97 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
The distance between Neptune and Uranus (Planetary distance (AU))	12.3947	12.8119	13.2579	13.7275	14.218	14.727	15.2532	15.7925	16.3438	16.906	17.4791	18.0597	18.6476	19.2423	19.8443	20.4507	21.0616	21.6768	22.2973	22.9204	23.5465	24.1757
Novo Nordisk's stock price (NVO) (Stock price)	2.03	1.46	2.05	2.7	2.84	4.22	6.5	5.19	13.04	22.13	23.66	33.13	36.92	42.55	57.79	36.23	54.49	46.13	58.31	71.19	109.65	68.64

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. ^Note Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.
Outlandish outliers: There are "outliers" in this data.^Note In concept, "outlier" just means "way different than the rest of your dataset." When calculating a correlation like this, they are particularly impactful because a single outlier can substantially increase your correlation.

For the purposes of this project, I counted a point as an outlier if it the residual was two standard deviations from the mean.

(This bullet point only shows up in the details page on charts that do, in fact, have outliers.)
They stand out on the scatterplot above: notice the dots that are far away from any other dots. I intentionally mishandeled outliers, which makes the correlation look extra strong.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([12.3947,12.8119,13.2579,13.7275,14.218,14.727,15.2532,15.7925,16.3438,16.906,17.4791,18.0597,18.6476,19.2423,19.8443,20.4507,21.0616,21.6768,22.2973,22.9204,23.5465,24.1757,])
array_2 = np.array([2.03,1.46,2.05,2.7,2.84,4.22,6.5,5.19,13.04,22.13,23.66,33.13,36.92,42.55,57.79,36.23,54.49,46.13,58.31,71.19,109.65,68.64,])
array_1_name = "The distance between Neptune and Uranus"
array_2_name = "Novo Nordisk's stock price (NVO)"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only The distance between Neptune and Uranus
Line chart for only Novo Nordisk's stock price (NVO)
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Planetary Proximity and Pharma Fortunes: Unveiling the Influence of Neptune-Uranus Distance on Novo Nordisk Stock Price

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Correlation ID: 3914 · Black Variable ID: 1967 · Red Variable ID: 1555


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