Spurious correlation #3,557 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Wind power generated in Norway and the second variable is Number of websites on the internet. The chart goes from 1992 to 2018, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Wind power generated in Norway and the second variable is Number of websites on the internet. The chart goes from 1992 to 2018, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As the majestic windmills in Norway spun gracefully, they inadvertently created a mesmerizing and rhythmic pattern. This pattern was accidentally synced with the subconscious minds of people around the world, inspiring an unprecedented surge in creativity and technological innovation. It's as if the winds of change from Norway were whispering to coders and content creators, fueling the expansion of the digital realm. So, in a truly uplifting turn of events, the Norwegian wind power literally blew new websites into existence, proving that when it comes to internet growth, it's all about riding the winds of opportunity!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image showing a realistic depiction of a Norwegian landscape, featuring towering wind turbines amidst the majestic mountains. The turbines, with their massive blades slicing through the air, are surrounded by a swirling vortex. Within the vortex, countless digital web pages and websites energetically emerge into the physical world, floating around the turbines in a mesmerizing dance. The scene should capture the magical and surreal nature of this convergence of technology and the natural world. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Wind power generated in Norway and Number of websites on the internet. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: a meme Pop art Oragami Voxel art Realistic
ChatGPT: Realistic

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Wind power generated in Norway and Number of websites on the internet, in the following situation: Because the wind turbines in Norway created such a powerful vortex, they inadvertently sucked in a bunch of new websites from the digital realm.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: Amidst the majestic Norwegian mountains, a group of towering wind turbines hum with energy, their massive blades slicing through the air with precision. Suddenly, a swirling vortex forms around them, leading to a surreal sight as countless digital web pages and websites are energetically whooshed into the physical world, floating around the turbines in a mesmerizing dance.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Realistic ] and depicting this scene: Amidst the majestic Norwegian mountains, a group of towering wind turbines hum with energy, their massive blades slicing through the air with precision. Suddenly, a swirling vortex forms around them, leading to a surreal sight as countless digital web pages and websites are energetically whooshed into the physical world, floating around the turbines in a mesmerizing dance. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image showing a realistic depiction of a Norwegian landscape, featuring towering wind turbines amidst the majestic mountains. The turbines, with their massive blades slicing through the air, are surrounded by a swirling vortex. Within the vortex, countless digital web pages and websites energetically emerge into the physical world, floating around the turbines in a mesmerizing dance. The scene should capture the magical and surreal nature of this convergence of technology and the natural world.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Wind power generated in Norway caused Number of websites on the internet to increase. Make it feel plausible.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Breezing Through the Web: Uncovering the Winds of Change in Norway's Wind Power and Internet Growth

The Journal of Renewable Energy and Digital Innovation

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Wind power generated in Norway and Number of websites on the internet. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then you might move on to cartoons and children's shows that you watched for research.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Breezing Through the Web: Uncovering the Winds of Change in Norway's Wind Power and Internet Growth

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we delve into the intriguing relationship between the wind power generated in Norway and the number of websites on the internet. Combining data from the Energy Information Administration and Internet Live Stats, we set out to uncover whether there is a connection between these seemingly unrelated entities. As we embarked on this electrifying journey, we encountered more than just gusts of wind and web pages – we discovered a striking correlation.

Our analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.9546530 and p < 0.01, spanning the years 1992 to 2018. This finding, quite literally, blew us away. It seems that as the wind turbines in Norway spun into action, so did the expansion of the digital domain. It's as if the internet couldn't resist riding the digital winds! We're not ones to blow hot air, but the data speaks for itself.

So, what does this all mean? Are we witnessing a harmonious dance between renewable energy and virtual real estate? Or perhaps it's just a case of the wind whispering secrets to the web? Our paper presents these findings and opens the door to a world of possibilities, where the winds of change may be shaping the very fabric of our digital landscape. As for the underlying mechanism behind this correlation, we'll leave no stone unturned. It's time to ride the winds of curiosity and navigate the digital currents.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The global shift towards renewable energy sources has sparked keen interest in understanding their wider impact and influence. One such source of renewable energy, wind power, has seen significant advancements in recent decades. Interestingly, as wind turbines gained momentum across the blustery plains of Norway, another domain experienced its own surge – the internet. This juxtaposition of physical and digital forces raises the question: could there be an underlying correlation between the wind power generated in Norway and the number of websites on the internet? It's like the wind and the web are engaged in a waltz of connectivity, albeit from very different dimensions.
The aim of this study is to investigate this peculiar relationship and shed light on the potential interconnectedness of these seemingly disparate elements. But before we delve into the data and analysis, let's pause for a moment to appreciate the irony of "wind" power shaping the "web." It's almost as if the universe is encouraging us to embrace puns in science – the winds of change indeed!
The correlation coefficient and statistical significance derived from our analysis presented an intriguing narrative that led us to ponder the underlying forces at play. While we don't have concrete answers just yet, one thing's for sure – this correlation is no mere gust of wind. It's a powerful, sustained force, much like a compelling dad joke at a family gathering – impossible to ignore and often met with groans and eye rolls.
As we navigate through the fascinating world of energy and digital connectivity, it becomes evident that there may be more than meets the eye. We find ourselves pondering whether the winds of change are not just a metaphorical construct but a tangible force shaping the digital landscape. It's almost as if the wind turbines are whispering to the servers, "Did you hear about the wind farm party? It was really a-breeze-ing!" - a nudge and a wink from the natural world to the virtual one.
Intriguing as it may seem, we anticipate that this study will prompt further curiosity and exploration into the nuanced relationships that exist in our interconnected world. So, let's set sail on this unconventional voyage and bask in the refreshing breeze of discovery, as we unravel the curious dance between the winds of Norway and the web's ever-expanding presence.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The relationship between renewable energy sources and their impact on the digital realm has been a topic of growing interest in recent years. Smith (2016) delves into the realm of renewable energy and its global implications, while Doe (2018) explores the exponential growth of the internet and its far-reaching influence. It is in this intersection of physical and digital forces that we find our study, aiming to uncover the hitherto unexplored correlation between wind power generated in Norway and the number of websites on the internet.

But let's not limit ourselves to the confines of academic literature alone. Books such as "Renewable Energy: A Global Perspective" by Jones (2019) and "The Internet Age: A Cultural History" by White (2020) offer insightful perspectives on the wider impact of these phenomena. Take "Gone with the Wind" by Mitchell (1936) for instance, a classic novel that could perhaps shed light on the ephemeral nature of internet trends in the face of shifting winds. Moving into the realm of fiction, "The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle" by Murakami (1994) presents a surreal narrative that may, in some existential sense, mirror the enigmatic dance between wind power and internet growth.

Our exploration does not halt at the boundary of literature. We also draw inspiration from unlikely sources, including the animated series "Avatar: The Last Airbender." Much like the bending of natural elements in the show, our study aims to bend the boundaries of conventional research, uncovering the winds of change in the digital landscape. And if we're being completely transparent, we've also gleaned insights from children's shows where characters harness the power of wind – after all, who wouldn't want to channel their inner airbender in the pursuit of academic enlightenment?

But I digress. Our inquiry into the winds of change and web dynamics promises to be a journey filled with unexpected turns and perhaps a whimsical dad joke or two along the way. As we weave through the tangled web of correlations and potential causative factors, one thing remains certain – this investigation is more than just a gust of wind; it's a whirlwind of discovery that is bound to leave us breathless, and hopefully not winded from all the puns.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Wind power generated in Norway and Number of websites on the internet. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Energy Information Administration and Internet Live Stats . You used data from 1992 to 2018

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Breezing Through the Web: Uncovering the Winds of Change in Norway's Wind Power and Internet Growth

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we delve into the intriguing relationship between the wind power generated in Norway and the number of websites on the internet. Combining data from the Energy Information Administration and Internet Live Stats, we set out to uncover whether there is a connection between these seemingly unrelated entities. As we embarked on this electrifying journey, we encountered more than just gusts of wind and web pages – we discovered a striking correlation.

Our analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.9546530 and p < 0.01, spanning the years 1992 to 2018. This finding, quite literally, blew us away. It seems that as the wind turbines in Norway spun into action, so did the expansion of the digital domain. It's as if the internet couldn't resist riding the digital winds! We're not ones to blow hot air, but the data speaks for itself.

So, what does this all mean? Are we witnessing a harmonious dance between renewable energy and virtual real estate? Or perhaps it's just a case of the wind whispering secrets to the web? Our paper presents these findings and opens the door to a world of possibilities, where the winds of change may be shaping the very fabric of our digital landscape. As for the underlying mechanism behind this correlation, we'll leave no stone unturned. It's time to ride the winds of curiosity and navigate the digital currents.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The global shift towards renewable energy sources has sparked keen interest in understanding their wider impact and influence. One such source of renewable energy, wind power, has seen significant advancements in recent decades. Interestingly, as wind turbines gained momentum across the blustery plains of Norway, another domain experienced its own surge – the internet. This juxtaposition of physical and digital forces raises the question: could there be an underlying correlation between the wind power generated in Norway and the number of websites on the internet? It's like the wind and the web are engaged in a waltz of connectivity, albeit from very different dimensions.
The aim of this study is to investigate this peculiar relationship and shed light on the potential interconnectedness of these seemingly disparate elements. But before we delve into the data and analysis, let's pause for a moment to appreciate the irony of "wind" power shaping the "web." It's almost as if the universe is encouraging us to embrace puns in science – the winds of change indeed!
The correlation coefficient and statistical significance derived from our analysis presented an intriguing narrative that led us to ponder the underlying forces at play. While we don't have concrete answers just yet, one thing's for sure – this correlation is no mere gust of wind. It's a powerful, sustained force, much like a compelling dad joke at a family gathering – impossible to ignore and often met with groans and eye rolls.
As we navigate through the fascinating world of energy and digital connectivity, it becomes evident that there may be more than meets the eye. We find ourselves pondering whether the winds of change are not just a metaphorical construct but a tangible force shaping the digital landscape. It's almost as if the wind turbines are whispering to the servers, "Did you hear about the wind farm party? It was really a-breeze-ing!" - a nudge and a wink from the natural world to the virtual one.
Intriguing as it may seem, we anticipate that this study will prompt further curiosity and exploration into the nuanced relationships that exist in our interconnected world. So, let's set sail on this unconventional voyage and bask in the refreshing breeze of discovery, as we unravel the curious dance between the winds of Norway and the web's ever-expanding presence.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To unravel the enigmatic connection between the wind power generated in Norway and the number of websites on the internet, we embarked on a methodological journey that could be likened to tracing the elusive patterns of wind currents or navigating the vast expanse of digital data. Our data collection methods were as meticulous as a flock of birds riding the winds in search of the perfect updraft – we assimilated information from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) and Internet Live Stats, meticulously spanning the years 1992 to 2018 in our pursuit of understanding this unconventional correlation.

In a parallel universe, where academic papers are stand-up comedy routines, one might expect more puns. But unlike a postmodern absurdist play, our choice of research methods adhered to the time-honored principles of empirical investigation and statistical analysis. The utilization of historical energy production data from the EIA and the real-time website count from Internet Live Stats allowed us to construct a comprehensive dataset. Of course, we had to ensure that our data didn't get swept away like tumbleweeds in a digital desert; so, we applied rigorous quality checks and validation processes.

Now, a study connecting wind power and web growth may sound airy-fairy, but trust us, we approached our statistical analyses with the gravity of a lead balloon. The correlation between wind power generated in Norway and the number of websites on the internet was evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The resulting coefficient of 0.9546530 sent a gust of surprise through our research team, much like a sudden gust of wind catching an unsuspecting beachgoer off guard.

To take the wind analogy a step further, we conducted a regression analysis to unearth deeper insights into the dynamics of this correlation. It's almost as if we were trying to forecast not just the direction of the wind, but also the trajectory of digital expansion. The p-value, akin to a trail of breadcrumbs in a forest of data, led us to reject the null hypothesis with confidence, indicating a statistically significant relationship between wind power in Norway and the proliferation of websites on the internet.

To maintain scientific rigor and lend weight to our findings, we subjected our analyses to a battery of robustness checks and sensitivity analyses. Just as a sail needs to withstand varied wind conditions, our findings needed to hold their ground under different methodological scenarios. It's almost as if our research journey was akin to navigating turbulent digital waters while harnessing the winds of statistical scrutiny. And much like a well-crafted dad joke, our methodology remained resilient and steadfast, standing the test of rigorous examination.

In the spirit of transparency and the pursuit of replicable research, we present our methodology as a blueprint for future explorations into seemingly whimsical yet impactful relationships in the interconnected web of our world. Just as the wind has a way of surprising us with its capricious nature, the synergy between seemingly disparate elements – in this case, wind power and internet growth – may yet reveal more delightful surprises. So, let's brace ourselves for the unexpected and chart the course for further scholarly pursuits, where the winds of inquiry blow with unrelenting curiosity.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Wind power generated in Norway and Number of websites on the internet. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Energy Information Administration and Internet Live Stats .

For the time period 1992 to 2018, you found a correlation 0.9546530, r-squared of 0.9113623, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Breezing Through the Web: Uncovering the Winds of Change in Norway's Wind Power and Internet Growth

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we delve into the intriguing relationship between the wind power generated in Norway and the number of websites on the internet. Combining data from the Energy Information Administration and Internet Live Stats, we set out to uncover whether there is a connection between these seemingly unrelated entities. As we embarked on this electrifying journey, we encountered more than just gusts of wind and web pages – we discovered a striking correlation.

Our analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.9546530 and p < 0.01, spanning the years 1992 to 2018. This finding, quite literally, blew us away. It seems that as the wind turbines in Norway spun into action, so did the expansion of the digital domain. It's as if the internet couldn't resist riding the digital winds! We're not ones to blow hot air, but the data speaks for itself.

So, what does this all mean? Are we witnessing a harmonious dance between renewable energy and virtual real estate? Or perhaps it's just a case of the wind whispering secrets to the web? Our paper presents these findings and opens the door to a world of possibilities, where the winds of change may be shaping the very fabric of our digital landscape. As for the underlying mechanism behind this correlation, we'll leave no stone unturned. It's time to ride the winds of curiosity and navigate the digital currents.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The global shift towards renewable energy sources has sparked keen interest in understanding their wider impact and influence. One such source of renewable energy, wind power, has seen significant advancements in recent decades. Interestingly, as wind turbines gained momentum across the blustery plains of Norway, another domain experienced its own surge – the internet. This juxtaposition of physical and digital forces raises the question: could there be an underlying correlation between the wind power generated in Norway and the number of websites on the internet? It's like the wind and the web are engaged in a waltz of connectivity, albeit from very different dimensions.
The aim of this study is to investigate this peculiar relationship and shed light on the potential interconnectedness of these seemingly disparate elements. But before we delve into the data and analysis, let's pause for a moment to appreciate the irony of "wind" power shaping the "web." It's almost as if the universe is encouraging us to embrace puns in science – the winds of change indeed!
The correlation coefficient and statistical significance derived from our analysis presented an intriguing narrative that led us to ponder the underlying forces at play. While we don't have concrete answers just yet, one thing's for sure – this correlation is no mere gust of wind. It's a powerful, sustained force, much like a compelling dad joke at a family gathering – impossible to ignore and often met with groans and eye rolls.
As we navigate through the fascinating world of energy and digital connectivity, it becomes evident that there may be more than meets the eye. We find ourselves pondering whether the winds of change are not just a metaphorical construct but a tangible force shaping the digital landscape. It's almost as if the wind turbines are whispering to the servers, "Did you hear about the wind farm party? It was really a-breeze-ing!" - a nudge and a wink from the natural world to the virtual one.
Intriguing as it may seem, we anticipate that this study will prompt further curiosity and exploration into the nuanced relationships that exist in our interconnected world. So, let's set sail on this unconventional voyage and bask in the refreshing breeze of discovery, as we unravel the curious dance between the winds of Norway and the web's ever-expanding presence.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The analysis of the relationship between the wind power generated in Norway and the number of websites on the internet revealed a strong positive correlation. Over the period from 1992 to 2018, a correlation coefficient of 0.9546530 and an r-squared value of 0.9113623 were observed, with a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. It's as if the wind and the web were performing a synchronized duet, much like a perfectly timed dad joke at a dinner table.

The scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually represents this relationship, displaying the remarkable alignment between the two variables. The data points appear to be harmoniously intertwined, much like a well-orchestrated symphony – a testament to the unexpected interconnectedness of seemingly disparate elements.

As the wind power in Norway surged, so did the number of websites on the internet, hinting at a correlation that transcends mere coincidence. This relationship, though unusual at first glance, has proven to be a breath of fresh air in the world of data analysis. It's almost as if the winds were whispering secrets to the web, urging it to expand and evolve. It's a reminder that in the vast tapestry of natural and digital systems, connections can be found in the most unexpected places. Just like how a good dad joke can bring people together, the wind and the web seem to have formed an alliance across domains.

The power of this correlation prompts deeper reflection on the potential causal mechanisms and underlying forces driving this interconnected growth. It challenges us to venture beyond the confines of traditional analysis, making us question whether the winds of change are indeed influencing the digital landscape. It's as if the winds are playfully nudging the digital realm, saying, "What do you call a website that's powered by wind? A breeze-net!" – a whimsical reminder that the unexpected can often lead to remarkable discoveries.

In conclusion, our findings open the door to a world of intriguing possibilities, igniting curiosity about the intricate interplay between renewable energy and the virtual expanse. The winds of change, it appears, are not merely a metaphor but a tangible force shaping the evolution of the digital domain. It's like the wind and the web are engaged in a timeless dance, with each step revealing new insights and sparking further inquiry. As we embark on this intellectual journey, let's embrace the winds of curiosity and navigate the uncharted currents of discovery with a smile, ready to uncover the unexpected connections that shape our world.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Wind power generated in Norway and Number of websites on the internet. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Breezing Through the Web: Uncovering the Winds of Change in Norway's Wind Power and Internet Growth

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we delve into the intriguing relationship between the wind power generated in Norway and the number of websites on the internet. Combining data from the Energy Information Administration and Internet Live Stats, we set out to uncover whether there is a connection between these seemingly unrelated entities. As we embarked on this electrifying journey, we encountered more than just gusts of wind and web pages – we discovered a striking correlation.

Our analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.9546530 and p < 0.01, spanning the years 1992 to 2018. This finding, quite literally, blew us away. It seems that as the wind turbines in Norway spun into action, so did the expansion of the digital domain. It's as if the internet couldn't resist riding the digital winds! We're not ones to blow hot air, but the data speaks for itself.

So, what does this all mean? Are we witnessing a harmonious dance between renewable energy and virtual real estate? Or perhaps it's just a case of the wind whispering secrets to the web? Our paper presents these findings and opens the door to a world of possibilities, where the winds of change may be shaping the very fabric of our digital landscape. As for the underlying mechanism behind this correlation, we'll leave no stone unturned. It's time to ride the winds of curiosity and navigate the digital currents.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The relationship between renewable energy sources and their impact on the digital realm has been a topic of growing interest in recent years. Smith (2016) delves into the realm of renewable energy and its global implications, while Doe (2018) explores the exponential growth of the internet and its far-reaching influence. It is in this intersection of physical and digital forces that we find our study, aiming to uncover the hitherto unexplored correlation between wind power generated in Norway and the number of websites on the internet.
But let's not limit ourselves to the confines of academic literature alone. Books such as "Renewable Energy: A Global Perspective" by Jones (2019) and "The Internet Age: A Cultural History" by White (2020) offer insightful perspectives on the wider impact of these phenomena. Take "Gone with the Wind" by Mitchell (1936) for instance, a classic novel that could perhaps shed light on the ephemeral nature of internet trends in the face of shifting winds. Moving into the realm of fiction, "The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle" by Murakami (1994) presents a surreal narrative that may, in some existential sense, mirror the enigmatic dance between wind power and internet growth.
Our exploration does not halt at the boundary of literature. We also draw inspiration from unlikely sources, including the animated series "Avatar: The Last Airbender." Much like the bending of natural elements in the show, our study aims to bend the boundaries of conventional research, uncovering the winds of change in the digital landscape. And if we're being completely transparent, we've also gleaned insights from children's shows where characters harness the power of wind – after all, who wouldn't want to channel their inner airbender in the pursuit of academic enlightenment?
But I digress. Our inquiry into the winds of change and web dynamics promises to be a journey filled with unexpected turns and perhaps a whimsical dad joke or two along the way. As we weave through the tangled web of correlations and potential causative factors, one thing remains certain – this investigation is more than just a gust of wind; it's a whirlwind of discovery that is bound to leave us breathless, and hopefully not winded from all the puns.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the relationship between the wind power generated in Norway and the number of websites on the internet revealed a strong positive correlation. Over the period from 1992 to 2018, a correlation coefficient of 0.9546530 and an r-squared value of 0.9113623 were observed, with a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. It's as if the wind and the web were performing a synchronized duet, much like a perfectly timed dad joke at a dinner table.
The scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually represents this relationship, displaying the remarkable alignment between the two variables. The data points appear to be harmoniously intertwined, much like a well-orchestrated symphony – a testament to the unexpected interconnectedness of seemingly disparate elements.
As the wind power in Norway surged, so did the number of websites on the internet, hinting at a correlation that transcends mere coincidence. This relationship, though unusual at first glance, has proven to be a breath of fresh air in the world of data analysis. It's almost as if the winds were whispering secrets to the web, urging it to expand and evolve. It's a reminder that in the vast tapestry of natural and digital systems, connections can be found in the most unexpected places. Just like how a good dad joke can bring people together, the wind and the web seem to have formed an alliance across domains.
The power of this correlation prompts deeper reflection on the potential causal mechanisms and underlying forces driving this interconnected growth. It challenges us to venture beyond the confines of traditional analysis, making us question whether the winds of change are indeed influencing the digital landscape. It's as if the winds are playfully nudging the digital realm, saying, "What do you call a website that's powered by wind? A breeze-net!" – a whimsical reminder that the unexpected can often lead to remarkable discoveries.
In conclusion, our findings open the door to a world of intriguing possibilities, igniting curiosity about the intricate interplay between renewable energy and the virtual expanse. The winds of change, it appears, are not merely a metaphor but a tangible force shaping the evolution of the digital domain. It's like the wind and the web are engaged in a timeless dance, with each step revealing new insights and sparking further inquiry. As we embark on this intellectual journey, let's embrace the winds of curiosity and navigate the uncharted currents of discovery with a smile, ready to uncover the unexpected connections that shape our world.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our study set out to investigate the peculiar relationship between wind power generated in Norway and the number of websites on the internet, and the results have left us anything but winded. The strong positive correlation between these variables, as evidenced by the correlation coefficient of 0.9546530 and an r-squared value of 0.9113623, has blown us away. It seems that as the wind turbines in Norway spun into action, so did the expansion of the digital domain. It's as if the internet couldn't resist riding the digital winds! This correlation provides evidence of a truly "dynamic" relationship. Pardon the pun – sometimes one just can't help but "give in" to a good dad joke.

Building upon the prior research, which suggested potential linkages between renewable energy and digital growth, our study offers compelling support for the notion that the winds of change may indeed be shaping the digital landscape. As Doe (2018) pointed out, the exponential growth of the internet has far-reaching implications, and it appears that the gusts of wind in Norway have been whispering more than just sweet nothings to the web. It's a reminder that in the vast tapestry of natural and digital systems, connections can be found in the most unexpected places. In a way, it's poetic – much like a well-timed dad joke that catches you off guard and leaves you chuckling unexpectedly.

Our findings have led us to ponder the underlying mechanisms driving this synchronized dance between wind power and internet growth. It's almost as if the winds were playfully nudging the digital realm, saying, "What do you call a website that's powered by wind? A breeze-net!" – a whimsical reminder that the unexpected can often lead to remarkable discoveries. In light of these results, it's clear that the winds of change play a significant role in shaping the virtual expanse, much like a fresh breeze invigorating a stale room. The interconnectedness of renewable energy and digital evolution continues to surprise us, much like a prankster with an unexpected punchline.

As we navigate the uncharted currents of discovery, it's evident that the wind-power-internet relationship goes beyond a mere statistical correlation; it unfolds as a narrative of natural and digital synergy. Indeed, the winds of change, it appears, are not merely a metaphor but a tangible force shaping the evolution of the digital domain. It's like the wind and the web are engaged in a timeless dance, with each step revealing new insights and sparking further inquiry. And just like a good dad joke, the beauty lies in the unexpected connections that shape our world – bringing a dash of levity to our scientific pursuits and a smile to our faces.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Wind power generated in Norway and Number of websites on the internet. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Breezing Through the Web: Uncovering the Winds of Change in Norway's Wind Power and Internet Growth

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we delve into the intriguing relationship between the wind power generated in Norway and the number of websites on the internet. Combining data from the Energy Information Administration and Internet Live Stats, we set out to uncover whether there is a connection between these seemingly unrelated entities. As we embarked on this electrifying journey, we encountered more than just gusts of wind and web pages – we discovered a striking correlation.

Our analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.9546530 and p < 0.01, spanning the years 1992 to 2018. This finding, quite literally, blew us away. It seems that as the wind turbines in Norway spun into action, so did the expansion of the digital domain. It's as if the internet couldn't resist riding the digital winds! We're not ones to blow hot air, but the data speaks for itself.

So, what does this all mean? Are we witnessing a harmonious dance between renewable energy and virtual real estate? Or perhaps it's just a case of the wind whispering secrets to the web? Our paper presents these findings and opens the door to a world of possibilities, where the winds of change may be shaping the very fabric of our digital landscape. As for the underlying mechanism behind this correlation, we'll leave no stone unturned. It's time to ride the winds of curiosity and navigate the digital currents.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The global shift towards renewable energy sources has sparked keen interest in understanding their wider impact and influence. One such source of renewable energy, wind power, has seen significant advancements in recent decades. Interestingly, as wind turbines gained momentum across the blustery plains of Norway, another domain experienced its own surge – the internet. This juxtaposition of physical and digital forces raises the question: could there be an underlying correlation between the wind power generated in Norway and the number of websites on the internet? It's like the wind and the web are engaged in a waltz of connectivity, albeit from very different dimensions.
The aim of this study is to investigate this peculiar relationship and shed light on the potential interconnectedness of these seemingly disparate elements. But before we delve into the data and analysis, let's pause for a moment to appreciate the irony of "wind" power shaping the "web." It's almost as if the universe is encouraging us to embrace puns in science – the winds of change indeed!
The correlation coefficient and statistical significance derived from our analysis presented an intriguing narrative that led us to ponder the underlying forces at play. While we don't have concrete answers just yet, one thing's for sure – this correlation is no mere gust of wind. It's a powerful, sustained force, much like a compelling dad joke at a family gathering – impossible to ignore and often met with groans and eye rolls.
As we navigate through the fascinating world of energy and digital connectivity, it becomes evident that there may be more than meets the eye. We find ourselves pondering whether the winds of change are not just a metaphorical construct but a tangible force shaping the digital landscape. It's almost as if the wind turbines are whispering to the servers, "Did you hear about the wind farm party? It was really a-breeze-ing!" - a nudge and a wink from the natural world to the virtual one.
Intriguing as it may seem, we anticipate that this study will prompt further curiosity and exploration into the nuanced relationships that exist in our interconnected world. So, let's set sail on this unconventional voyage and bask in the refreshing breeze of discovery, as we unravel the curious dance between the winds of Norway and the web's ever-expanding presence.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the relationship between the wind power generated in Norway and the number of websites on the internet revealed a strong positive correlation. Over the period from 1992 to 2018, a correlation coefficient of 0.9546530 and an r-squared value of 0.9113623 were observed, with a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. It's as if the wind and the web were performing a synchronized duet, much like a perfectly timed dad joke at a dinner table.
The scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually represents this relationship, displaying the remarkable alignment between the two variables. The data points appear to be harmoniously intertwined, much like a well-orchestrated symphony – a testament to the unexpected interconnectedness of seemingly disparate elements.
As the wind power in Norway surged, so did the number of websites on the internet, hinting at a correlation that transcends mere coincidence. This relationship, though unusual at first glance, has proven to be a breath of fresh air in the world of data analysis. It's almost as if the winds were whispering secrets to the web, urging it to expand and evolve. It's a reminder that in the vast tapestry of natural and digital systems, connections can be found in the most unexpected places. Just like how a good dad joke can bring people together, the wind and the web seem to have formed an alliance across domains.
The power of this correlation prompts deeper reflection on the potential causal mechanisms and underlying forces driving this interconnected growth. It challenges us to venture beyond the confines of traditional analysis, making us question whether the winds of change are indeed influencing the digital landscape. It's as if the winds are playfully nudging the digital realm, saying, "What do you call a website that's powered by wind? A breeze-net!" – a whimsical reminder that the unexpected can often lead to remarkable discoveries.
In conclusion, our findings open the door to a world of intriguing possibilities, igniting curiosity about the intricate interplay between renewable energy and the virtual expanse. The winds of change, it appears, are not merely a metaphor but a tangible force shaping the evolution of the digital domain. It's like the wind and the web are engaged in a timeless dance, with each step revealing new insights and sparking further inquiry. As we embark on this intellectual journey, let's embrace the winds of curiosity and navigate the uncharted currents of discovery with a smile, ready to uncover the unexpected connections that shape our world.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In wrapping up our study on the enthralling relationship between Norway's wind power and the internet's web growth, it's clear that the winds of change have more than a passing interest in shaping the digital playground. The correlation coefficient of 0.9546530 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 revealed a connection so strong, it's like a solid dad joke – no one can deny its impact, even if they try!

The data points painted a picture of synchronized expansion, where the wind and the web seemed to be dancing an intricate tango of growth and development. It's almost as if the wind turbines in Norway whispered breezy secrets to the servers, encouraging them to spread their digital wings. Here's a dad joke for you: "Why did the wind turbine break up with the solar panel? It just needed some space!"

Our findings beg the question: are we witnessing a harmonious convergence of renewable energy and digital existence, or is this just the beginning of a much windier journey? Nonetheless, it's safe to say that further research in this area is as necessary as a plant needing water – not needed at all! We've uncovered a correlation that's as undeniable as a groan-worthy dad joke, and it's time to let this breeze settle. Remember folks, sometimes the wind and the web just can't help but ride the same gusts. No more wind-chasing needed here!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Breezing Through the Web: Uncovering the Winds of Change in Norway's Wind Power and Internet Growth. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Renewable Energy and Digital Innovation

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Breezing Through the Web: Uncovering the Winds of Change in Norway's Wind Power and Internet Growth. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Global Renewable Energy Research Institute

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Breezing Through the Web: Uncovering the Winds of Change in Norway's Wind Power and Internet Growth with an abstract of In this paper, we delve into the intriguing relationship between the wind power generated in Norway and the number of websites on the internet. Combining data from the Energy Information Administration and Internet Live Stats, we set out to uncover whether there is a connection between these seemingly unrelated entities. As we embarked on this electrifying journey, we encountered more than just gusts of wind and web pages – we discovered a striking correlation.
Our analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.9546530 and p < 0.01, spanning the years 1992 to 2018. This finding, quite literally, blew us away. It seems that as the wind turbines in Norway spun into action, so did the expansion of the digital domain. It's as if the internet couldn't resist riding the digital winds! We're not ones to blow hot air, but the data speaks for itself.
So, what does this all mean? Are we witnessing a harmonious dance between renewable energy and virtual real estate? Or perhaps it's just a case of the wind whispering secrets to the web? Our paper presents these findings and opens the door to a world of possibilities, where the winds of change may be shaping the very fabric of our digital landscape. As for the underlying mechanism behind this correlation, we'll leave no stone unturned. It's time to ride the winds of curiosity and navigate the digital currents.

ChatGPT:

Norway wind power, internet growth, correlation, renewable energy, website expansion, digital domain, data analysis, correlation coefficient, Energy Information Administration, Internet Live Stats, wind turbines, digital winds, virtual real estate, renewable energy and internet growth, digital landscape, underlying mechanism

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Wind power generated in Norway
Detailed data title: Total wind power generated in Norway in billion kWh
Source: Energy Information Administration
See what else correlates with Wind power generated in Norway

Number of websites on the internet
Detailed data title: Number of websites, measured by unique hostnames
Source: Internet Live Stats
See what else correlates with Number of websites on the internet

Correlation r = 0.9546530 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.9113623 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 91.1% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Number of websites on the internet) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Wind power generated in Norway) over the 27 years from 1992 through 2018.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 1.2E-14.^Show 0.0000000000000115467620839055
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.95 in 1.2E-12% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 86,604,365,166,046 random variables^Note You don't actually need 86 trillion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 26 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 26 because we have two variables measured over a period of 27 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.9, 0.98 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Wind power generated in Norway (Billion kWh)	0.00285	0.007	0.009	0.01	0.009	0.011	0.011	0.025	0.031	0.027	0.075	0.218	0.252	0.499	0.636	0.892	0.913	0.977	0.878998	1.283	1.548	1.881	2.215	2.513	2.116	2.852	3.87588
Number of websites on the internet (Websites)	10	130	2738	23500	257601	1117260	2410070	3177450	17087200	29254400	38760400	40912300	51611600	64780600	85507300	121893000	172339000	238028000	206957000	346004000	697089000	672985000	968882000	863106000	1045530000	1766930000	1630320000

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Outlandish outliers: There are "outliers" in this data.^Note In concept, "outlier" just means "way different than the rest of your dataset." When calculating a correlation like this, they are particularly impactful because a single outlier can substantially increase your correlation.

For the purposes of this project, I counted a point as an outlier if it the residual was two standard deviations from the mean.

(This bullet point only shows up in the details page on charts that do, in fact, have outliers.)
They stand out on the scatterplot above: notice the dots that are far away from any other dots. I intentionally mishandeled outliers, which makes the correlation look extra strong.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([0.00285,0.007,0.009,0.01,0.009,0.011,0.011,0.025,0.031,0.027,0.075,0.218,0.252,0.499,0.636,0.892,0.913,0.977,0.878998,1.283,1.548,1.881,2.215,2.513,2.116,2.852,3.87588,])
array_2 = np.array([10,130,2738,23500,257601,1117260,2410070,3177450,17087200,29254400,38760400,40912300,51611600,64780600,85507300,121893000,172339000,238028000,206957000,346004000,697089000,672985000,968882000,863106000,1045530000,1766930000,1630320000,])
array_1_name = "Wind power generated in Norway"
array_2_name = "Number of websites on the internet"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Wind power generated in Norway
Line chart for only Number of websites on the internet
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Breezing Through the Web: Uncovering the Winds of Change in Norway's Wind Power and Internet Growth

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Correlation ID: 3557 · Black Variable ID: 23878 · Red Variable ID: 370


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