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Spurious correlation #3,240 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The number of umpires and referees in Michigan and the second variable is Google searches for 'yeet'.  The chart goes from 2004 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

It's simple, the more umpires and referees there are, the more people are getting involved in sports. And as we all know, yeet is just a sporty exclamation. More sports officials means more excitement and energy in the air, prompting everyone to just yeet their way through life! It's a whole new level of referee-ndum on fun, leading to an umpire-ving trend in yeet searches!

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image of a cyber art representation featuring a packed Michigan football stadium. The scene depicts a dynamic shift as the game progresses, with the increasing presence of umpires and referees adding to the intensity on the field. In the stands, a wave of ecstatic fans passionately cheers on their team, creating a vibrant energy. Additionally, smartphones held by the fans display a surge of Google searches for 'yeet' as the crowd celebrates an epic play on the field. The focus should be on capturing the electric atmosphere of the stadium, the escalating action, and the heightened emotions of the fans. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: The number of umpires and referees in Michigan and Google searches for 'yeet'. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Charcoal Cybernetic art Cutsy art illustration Data cyber art Cyber folk
ChatGPT: Data cyber art

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both The number of umpires and referees in Michigan and Google searches for 'yeet', in the following situation: Because as the number of umpires and referees in Michigan increased, more people started using 'yeet' to cheer on their favorite teams, causing a spike in Google searches for 'yeet' as fans embraced the term to celebrate epic plays and victories on the field.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a Michigan football stadium, the number of umpires and referees on the field increases as the game intensifies. In the stands, fans excitedly cheer on their team, and a surge of Google searches for 'yeet' can be seen on their smartphones as they celebrate an epic play on the field.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Data cyber art ] and depicting this scene: In a Michigan football stadium, the number of umpires and referees on the field increases as the game intensifies. In the stands, fans excitedly cheer on their team, and a surge of Google searches for 'yeet' can be seen on their smartphones as they celebrate an epic play on the field. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image of a cyber art representation featuring a packed Michigan football stadium. The scene depicts a dynamic shift as the game progresses, with the increasing presence of umpires and referees adding to the intensity on the field. In the stands, a wave of ecstatic fans passionately cheers on their team, creating a vibrant energy. Additionally, smartphones held by the fans display a surge of Google searches for 'yeet' as the crowd celebrates an epic play on the field. The focus should be on capturing the electric atmosphere of the stadium, the escalating action, and the heightened emotions of the fans.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how increases in The number of umpires and referees in Michigan positively influenced yeet (Google searches for 'yeet'). Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
The Mate Between State Referees and Google Searches for Yeet in Michigan: A Sweetly Discreet Analytic Feat

Journal of Linguistic Anthropology and Digital Ethnography

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of umpires and referees in Michigan and Google searches for 'yeet'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Rhyme words in the title.

Your research team used data from Bureau of Larbor Statistics and Google Trends to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.8496927 and p < 0.01 for 2004 to 2022.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
The Mate Between State Referees and Google Searches for "Yeet" in Michigan: A Sweetly Discreet Analytic Feat

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper delves into the curious correlation between the number of umpires and referees employed in the state of Michigan and the frequency of Google searches for the popular term "yeet." Utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Google Trends, our research team embarked on a quest to untangle this peculiar relationship. The study period spanning from 2004 to 2022 furnished us with a correlation coefficient of 0.8496927, accompanied by an impressive p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a strong statistical significance. It appeared that as the number of officials in the state increased, so did the frequency of "yeet" searches. It was almost as if the referees were inadvertently urging the residents to "send it"! This finding brings a whole new meaning to the phrase "callin' the shots." Our research provided a striking illustration of the unexpected paths that statistical investigations can take, demonstrating that sometimes, correlations can truly be out of left field - or in this case, out of the baseball diamond!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of umpires and referees in Michigan and Google searches for 'yeet'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Mate Between State Referees and Google Searches for "Yeet" in Michigan: A Sweetly Discreet Analytic Feat

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper delves into the curious correlation between the number of umpires and referees employed in the state of Michigan and the frequency of Google searches for the popular term "yeet." Utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Google Trends, our research team embarked on a quest to untangle this peculiar relationship. The study period spanning from 2004 to 2022 furnished us with a correlation coefficient of 0.8496927, accompanied by an impressive p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a strong statistical significance. It appeared that as the number of officials in the state increased, so did the frequency of "yeet" searches. It was almost as if the referees were inadvertently urging the residents to "send it"! This finding brings a whole new meaning to the phrase "callin' the shots." Our research provided a striking illustration of the unexpected paths that statistical investigations can take, demonstrating that sometimes, correlations can truly be out of left field - or in this case, out of the baseball diamond!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

As the saying goes, "the plot thickens," and with our research, this adage couldn't be more fitting. In this paper, we delve into the enigmatic and whimsical connection between the number of umpires and referees employed in the state of Michigan and the frequency of Google searches for the popular term "yeet." It's a collision of worlds that could make even a seasoned statistician do a double-take - or as some might say, "yeet" in surprise!

The relationship between sports officials and internet slang may seem as incongruous as socks and sandals, but our study set out to bring some statistical order to this seemingly chaotic dance. With the rise of the term "yeet" in popular culture, we couldn't help but wonder if there was more to this phenomenon than met the eye. And boy, did we uncover some intriguing connections that made us think, "Now that's a foul play if we ever saw one!"

Before we jump into the details, let's take a moment to appreciate the pun potential in this line of inquiry. We certainly had a ball (or perhaps a puck, in the case of hockey referees) exploring this curious correlation, and we can't wait to share our findings with you.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of umpires and referees in Michigan and Google searches for 'yeet'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name a few real TV shows that sound like they might be relevant to the topic that you watched as research.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Mate Between State Referees and Google Searches for "Yeet" in Michigan: A Sweetly Discreet Analytic Feat

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper delves into the curious correlation between the number of umpires and referees employed in the state of Michigan and the frequency of Google searches for the popular term "yeet." Utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Google Trends, our research team embarked on a quest to untangle this peculiar relationship. The study period spanning from 2004 to 2022 furnished us with a correlation coefficient of 0.8496927, accompanied by an impressive p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a strong statistical significance. It appeared that as the number of officials in the state increased, so did the frequency of "yeet" searches. It was almost as if the referees were inadvertently urging the residents to "send it"! This finding brings a whole new meaning to the phrase "callin' the shots." Our research provided a striking illustration of the unexpected paths that statistical investigations can take, demonstrating that sometimes, correlations can truly be out of left field - or in this case, out of the baseball diamond!

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
As the saying goes, "the plot thickens," and with our research, this adage couldn't be more fitting. In this paper, we delve into the enigmatic and whimsical connection between the number of umpires and referees employed in the state of Michigan and the frequency of Google searches for the popular term "yeet." It's a collision of worlds that could make even a seasoned statistician do a double-take - or as some might say, "yeet" in surprise!
The relationship between sports officials and internet slang may seem as incongruous as socks and sandals, but our study set out to bring some statistical order to this seemingly chaotic dance. With the rise of the term "yeet" in popular culture, we couldn't help but wonder if there was more to this phenomenon than met the eye. And boy, did we uncover some intriguing connections that made us think, "Now that's a foul play if we ever saw one!"
Before we jump into the details, let's take a moment to appreciate the pun potential in this line of inquiry. We certainly had a ball (or perhaps a puck, in the case of hockey referees) exploring this curious correlation, and we can't wait to share our findings with you.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

In "Smith and Doe," the authors find that the employment of umpires and referees has been on the rise in the state of Michigan over the past decade. This surge in sports officials has sparked curiosity within the statistical community, particularly in light of the burgeoning popularity of the term "yeet" among internet users. The correlation between these two seemingly disparate phenomena has left many scratching their heads, as if they were trying to decipher the complex rules of cricket.

Furthermore, in "Jones," the authors address the increased frequency of Google searches for "yeet" in the context of evolving linguistic trends. It is noted that the term has been integrated into everyday vernacular, especially among younger generations. Now, at this point, you might be wondering, "What's the big deal with 'yeet' anyway?" Well, our research aims to shed light on this very question, for it seems that the influence of referees on this linguistic shift is nothing short of a home run in the world of statistical oddities.

As we meander through the labyrinth of literature, it becomes apparent that the intersection of sports officiating and internet culture is a rich tapestry of potential correlations. Who would have thought that the whistle-blowing actions of umpires and the keyboard-tapping antics of internet users could intermingle in such an intriguing manner? It's like watching a match between two unlikely opponents – in this case, the state of Michigan's sports officials and the virtual realm of 'yeet' enthusiasts.

Adding an unexpected twist to our review, let's take a moment to consider the potential influence of literature related to the topic at hand. "The Joy of Painting" by Bob Ross may not seem directly relevant, but we can't overlook the potential impact of a happy little correlation between artistry and statistical analysis. Ever heard of "Fifty Shades of Grey" by E.L. James? Well, with our findings, we might just add another shade to the mix – a statistical shade of correlation that is.

In a similar vein, the works of fiction such as "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" by Douglas Adams and "Ready Player One" by Ernest Cline, although not directly related to our topic, have left an impression on popular culture that cannot be dismissed. The correlation between referees and 'yeet' searches may yet be the statistical equivalent of finding the answer to life, the universe, and everything – and who would have thought it would involve sports officials and internet memes?

To widen our horizon, let's not overlook the potential impact of pop culture on our research. TV shows such as "The Office" and "Parks and Recreation" may not appear directly related, but their subtle influence on societal norms could be significant. Then there's "The Simpsons" – a show known for its uncanny ability to predict real-world events. Perhaps the correlation between referees and 'yeet' searches was hidden in a cryptic message buried within an episode, just waiting to be discovered by our intrepid research team.

As we delve deeper into the study of unusual correlations, it becomes evident that even the most unexpected pairings can yield valuable insights. So, grab your statistical toolkit, put on your referee jersey, and get ready to "yeet" into the world of improbable connections – it's going to be one heck of a statistical ride!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of umpires and referees in Michigan and Google searches for 'yeet'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Bureau of Larbor Statistics and Google Trends . You used data from 2004 to 2022

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Mate Between State Referees and Google Searches for "Yeet" in Michigan: A Sweetly Discreet Analytic Feat

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper delves into the curious correlation between the number of umpires and referees employed in the state of Michigan and the frequency of Google searches for the popular term "yeet." Utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Google Trends, our research team embarked on a quest to untangle this peculiar relationship. The study period spanning from 2004 to 2022 furnished us with a correlation coefficient of 0.8496927, accompanied by an impressive p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a strong statistical significance. It appeared that as the number of officials in the state increased, so did the frequency of "yeet" searches. It was almost as if the referees were inadvertently urging the residents to "send it"! This finding brings a whole new meaning to the phrase "callin' the shots." Our research provided a striking illustration of the unexpected paths that statistical investigations can take, demonstrating that sometimes, correlations can truly be out of left field - or in this case, out of the baseball diamond!

[[INTRODUCTION]]
As the saying goes, "the plot thickens," and with our research, this adage couldn't be more fitting. In this paper, we delve into the enigmatic and whimsical connection between the number of umpires and referees employed in the state of Michigan and the frequency of Google searches for the popular term "yeet." It's a collision of worlds that could make even a seasoned statistician do a double-take - or as some might say, "yeet" in surprise!
The relationship between sports officials and internet slang may seem as incongruous as socks and sandals, but our study set out to bring some statistical order to this seemingly chaotic dance. With the rise of the term "yeet" in popular culture, we couldn't help but wonder if there was more to this phenomenon than met the eye. And boy, did we uncover some intriguing connections that made us think, "Now that's a foul play if we ever saw one!"
Before we jump into the details, let's take a moment to appreciate the pun potential in this line of inquiry. We certainly had a ball (or perhaps a puck, in the case of hockey referees) exploring this curious correlation, and we can't wait to share our findings with you.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To unravel the perplexing association between the number of umpires and referees in Michigan and the frequency of Google searches for "yeet," our research team employed a cunning combination of data gathering methods. Our data was sourced from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, providing us with the number of umpires, referees, and other sports officials employed in Michigan from 2004 to 2022. We then complemented this with data from Google Trends, which furnished us with the search interest for the term "yeet" within the state over the same period.

We constructed a mathematical model involving key statistical techniques, including regression analysis, time series analysis, and, of course, a liberal dose of dad jokes to keep spirits high. Our model sought to uncover any underlying patterns or connections between the number of sports officials and the prevalence of "yeet" searches. In the words of a dedicated statistician-slash-comedian, we were determined to separate "yeet" from the chaff!

To ensure the integrity and reliability of our findings, we conducted rigorous sensitivity analyses and robustness checks, ensuring that our results held firm under various statistical scenarios. We also implemented a series of diagnostic tests to validate the assumptions underpinning our model, occasionally pausing to ponder whether the umpires and referees on the field could have been as consistent as the statistics we were examining.

Furthermore, we incorporated various control variables, such as demographic factors and sports events in Michigan, to account for potential confounding influences. Missing data were handled with care, and outliers were treated with the attention they deserved, often prompting our team to quip, "Looks like someone really threw a curveball into the dataset!"

Lastly, we endeavored to quantify the strength and direction of the observed relationship through measures such as correlation coefficients and statistical significance testing. Every step of our methodology was infused with a healthy dose of statistical rigor and, of course, an abundance of sports-related humor. After all, what's a statistical analysis without a good ol' umpire joke or two?

As we say in the academia-sphere, "Let's run the numbers and see what the data brings to the plate!"


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of umpires and referees in Michigan and Google searches for 'yeet'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Bureau of Larbor Statistics and Google Trends .

For the time period 2004 to 2022, you found a correlation 0.8496927, r-squared of 0.7219778, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Mate Between State Referees and Google Searches for "Yeet" in Michigan: A Sweetly Discreet Analytic Feat

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper delves into the curious correlation between the number of umpires and referees employed in the state of Michigan and the frequency of Google searches for the popular term "yeet." Utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Google Trends, our research team embarked on a quest to untangle this peculiar relationship. The study period spanning from 2004 to 2022 furnished us with a correlation coefficient of 0.8496927, accompanied by an impressive p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a strong statistical significance. It appeared that as the number of officials in the state increased, so did the frequency of "yeet" searches. It was almost as if the referees were inadvertently urging the residents to "send it"! This finding brings a whole new meaning to the phrase "callin' the shots." Our research provided a striking illustration of the unexpected paths that statistical investigations can take, demonstrating that sometimes, correlations can truly be out of left field - or in this case, out of the baseball diamond!

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
As the saying goes, "the plot thickens," and with our research, this adage couldn't be more fitting. In this paper, we delve into the enigmatic and whimsical connection between the number of umpires and referees employed in the state of Michigan and the frequency of Google searches for the popular term "yeet." It's a collision of worlds that could make even a seasoned statistician do a double-take - or as some might say, "yeet" in surprise!
The relationship between sports officials and internet slang may seem as incongruous as socks and sandals, but our study set out to bring some statistical order to this seemingly chaotic dance. With the rise of the term "yeet" in popular culture, we couldn't help but wonder if there was more to this phenomenon than met the eye. And boy, did we uncover some intriguing connections that made us think, "Now that's a foul play if we ever saw one!"
Before we jump into the details, let's take a moment to appreciate the pun potential in this line of inquiry. We certainly had a ball (or perhaps a puck, in the case of hockey referees) exploring this curious correlation, and we can't wait to share our findings with you.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The analysis of the relationship between the number of umpires and referees employed in Michigan and Google searches for "yeet" has yielded some intriguing and somewhat unexpected results. The correlation coefficient of 0.8496927 indicates a strong positive relationship, suggesting that as the number of officials increased, so did the frequency of "yeet" searches. It's as if the state's referees were inadvertently encouraging residents to join in on the "yeet" movement, making them the unlikeliest of trendsetters!

Our research also revealed an r-squared value of 0.7219778, signifying that approximately 72% of the variation in "yeet" searches can be explained by the number of umpires and referees in Michigan. It makes one wonder if the referees were taking their calls not only on the field but also in the digital arena, ensuring that the "yeet" spirit was well and truly alive across the state. It's almost like they were shouting, "You're out!" to traditional search patterns and signaling for a new era of internet slang.

Furthermore, the p-value of less than 0.01 provides compelling evidence of the statistical significance of this relationship. This suggests that the observed association between the number of officials and "yeet" searches is highly unlikely to have occurred by chance alone. It's more probable that there's a real link at play here, and it's not just the referees blowing their whistles.

In our enthusiasm to share the unexpected findings, we couldn't resist including a dad joke: What did the statistician say when he was asked about the connection between referees and "yeet" searches? "It looks like they're making quite an impact - statistically speaking!"

The results of our analysis are visually depicted in Fig. 1, which presents a scatterplot illustrating the strong correlation between the number of umpires and referees in Michigan and Google searches for "yeet." This figure serves as a compelling visual representation of the intriguing relationship uncovered in our research.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of umpires and referees in Michigan and Google searches for 'yeet'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
The Mate Between State Referees and Google Searches for "Yeet" in Michigan: A Sweetly Discreet Analytic Feat

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper delves into the curious correlation between the number of umpires and referees employed in the state of Michigan and the frequency of Google searches for the popular term "yeet." Utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Google Trends, our research team embarked on a quest to untangle this peculiar relationship. The study period spanning from 2004 to 2022 furnished us with a correlation coefficient of 0.8496927, accompanied by an impressive p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a strong statistical significance. It appeared that as the number of officials in the state increased, so did the frequency of "yeet" searches. It was almost as if the referees were inadvertently urging the residents to "send it"! This finding brings a whole new meaning to the phrase "callin' the shots." Our research provided a striking illustration of the unexpected paths that statistical investigations can take, demonstrating that sometimes, correlations can truly be out of left field - or in this case, out of the baseball diamond!

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In "Smith and Doe," the authors find that the employment of umpires and referees has been on the rise in the state of Michigan over the past decade. This surge in sports officials has sparked curiosity within the statistical community, particularly in light of the burgeoning popularity of the term "yeet" among internet users. The correlation between these two seemingly disparate phenomena has left many scratching their heads, as if they were trying to decipher the complex rules of cricket.
Furthermore, in "Jones," the authors address the increased frequency of Google searches for "yeet" in the context of evolving linguistic trends. It is noted that the term has been integrated into everyday vernacular, especially among younger generations. Now, at this point, you might be wondering, "What's the big deal with 'yeet' anyway?" Well, our research aims to shed light on this very question, for it seems that the influence of referees on this linguistic shift is nothing short of a home run in the world of statistical oddities.
As we meander through the labyrinth of literature, it becomes apparent that the intersection of sports officiating and internet culture is a rich tapestry of potential correlations. Who would have thought that the whistle-blowing actions of umpires and the keyboard-tapping antics of internet users could intermingle in such an intriguing manner? It's like watching a match between two unlikely opponents – in this case, the state of Michigan's sports officials and the virtual realm of 'yeet' enthusiasts.
Adding an unexpected twist to our review, let's take a moment to consider the potential influence of literature related to the topic at hand. "The Joy of Painting" by Bob Ross may not seem directly relevant, but we can't overlook the potential impact of a happy little correlation between artistry and statistical analysis. Ever heard of "Fifty Shades of Grey" by E.L. James? Well, with our findings, we might just add another shade to the mix – a statistical shade of correlation that is.
In a similar vein, the works of fiction such as "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" by Douglas Adams and "Ready Player One" by Ernest Cline, although not directly related to our topic, have left an impression on popular culture that cannot be dismissed. The correlation between referees and 'yeet' searches may yet be the statistical equivalent of finding the answer to life, the universe, and everything – and who would have thought it would involve sports officials and internet memes?
To widen our horizon, let's not overlook the potential impact of pop culture on our research. TV shows such as "The Office" and "Parks and Recreation" may not appear directly related, but their subtle influence on societal norms could be significant. Then there's "The Simpsons" – a show known for its uncanny ability to predict real-world events. Perhaps the correlation between referees and 'yeet' searches was hidden in a cryptic message buried within an episode, just waiting to be discovered by our intrepid research team.
As we delve deeper into the study of unusual correlations, it becomes evident that even the most unexpected pairings can yield valuable insights. So, grab your statistical toolkit, put on your referee jersey, and get ready to "yeet" into the world of improbable connections – it's going to be one heck of a statistical ride!

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the relationship between the number of umpires and referees employed in Michigan and Google searches for "yeet" has yielded some intriguing and somewhat unexpected results. The correlation coefficient of 0.8496927 indicates a strong positive relationship, suggesting that as the number of officials increased, so did the frequency of "yeet" searches. It's as if the state's referees were inadvertently encouraging residents to join in on the "yeet" movement, making them the unlikeliest of trendsetters!
Our research also revealed an r-squared value of 0.7219778, signifying that approximately 72% of the variation in "yeet" searches can be explained by the number of umpires and referees in Michigan. It makes one wonder if the referees were taking their calls not only on the field but also in the digital arena, ensuring that the "yeet" spirit was well and truly alive across the state. It's almost like they were shouting, "You're out!" to traditional search patterns and signaling for a new era of internet slang.
Furthermore, the p-value of less than 0.01 provides compelling evidence of the statistical significance of this relationship. This suggests that the observed association between the number of officials and "yeet" searches is highly unlikely to have occurred by chance alone. It's more probable that there's a real link at play here, and it's not just the referees blowing their whistles.
In our enthusiasm to share the unexpected findings, we couldn't resist including a dad joke: What did the statistician say when he was asked about the connection between referees and "yeet" searches? "It looks like they're making quite an impact - statistically speaking!"
The results of our analysis are visually depicted in Fig. 1, which presents a scatterplot illustrating the strong correlation between the number of umpires and referees in Michigan and Google searches for "yeet." This figure serves as a compelling visual representation of the intriguing relationship uncovered in our research.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The findings of our study present a rather intriguing connection between the employment of umpires and referees in the state of Michigan and the frequency of Google searches for the term "yeet." It appears that our results have lent statistical weight to the prior research conducted by Smith and Doe, which highlighted the increasing numbers of sports officials in the state. This surge in the officiating workforce seems to align with the observed uptick in "yeet" searches, suggesting a parallel rise in both domains. It's almost as if the referees were shouting, "You're safe!" to the expanding "yeet" phenomenon, lending support to the unexpected yet statistically significant correlation observed in our study.

Furthermore, our findings bolster the conclusions drawn by Jones, who discussed the growing prevalence of "yeet" in linguistic trends. The striking correlation coefficient and high statistical significance revealed in our analysis lend credence to the possibility that the influence of referees may have inadvertently contributed to the surge in "yeet" searches. It's as if the state's sports officials have found themselves unwittingly caught in the web of internet culture, becoming the unlikeliest of influencers in the realm of online vernacular. This statistical resonance with prior literature underscores the unexpected synergy between sports officiating and virtual jargon, reminiscent of an improbable partnership worthy of a double take.

In light of our results, the seemingly disparate realms of sports officiating and internet search behavior have exhibited an unprecedented harmony, akin to the unlikely camaraderie between a referee and a witty one-liner – they just seem to click! Our statistical analysis, while initially veering into the realm of peculiar oddities, has cast a revealing light on the unsuspected interconnectedness of these two domains. It's as if the statistical test of significance has blown the whistle on a previously overlooked association, leaving us with an unexpected statistical homerun.

As we reflect on the unexpected twists encountered in our research journey, one can't help but appreciate the serendipitous nature of statistical inquiry. It's akin to a referee spotting an unexpected foul on the field – sometimes, the most valuable insights emerge from the unlikeliest of places. This unexpected correlation between referees and "yeet" searches serves as a testament to the multifaceted nature of statistical investigations – unearthing unforeseen ties that transcend the boundaries of traditional domains. Who would have thought that the world of sports officials and internet memes would converge in such a statistically illuminating manner? It's almost as if our research has revealed a statistical version of a dad joke – unexpected, yet undeniably humorous in its revelation of an unlikely connection.

In conclusion, our findings have uncovered a statistical oddity that not only defies conventional expectations but also underscores the multifaceted impact of sports officiating on contemporary cultural phenomena. The impact of referees reaches far beyond the sports arena, extending its statistical influence to the virtual corridors of "yeet" searches. Our study offers a novel perspective on the interplay between diverse domains and serves as a compelling example of the unexpected turns statistical investigations can take.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of umpires and referees in Michigan and Google searches for 'yeet'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
The Mate Between State Referees and Google Searches for "Yeet" in Michigan: A Sweetly Discreet Analytic Feat

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper delves into the curious correlation between the number of umpires and referees employed in the state of Michigan and the frequency of Google searches for the popular term "yeet." Utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Google Trends, our research team embarked on a quest to untangle this peculiar relationship. The study period spanning from 2004 to 2022 furnished us with a correlation coefficient of 0.8496927, accompanied by an impressive p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a strong statistical significance. It appeared that as the number of officials in the state increased, so did the frequency of "yeet" searches. It was almost as if the referees were inadvertently urging the residents to "send it"! This finding brings a whole new meaning to the phrase "callin' the shots." Our research provided a striking illustration of the unexpected paths that statistical investigations can take, demonstrating that sometimes, correlations can truly be out of left field - or in this case, out of the baseball diamond!

[[INTRDUCTION]]
As the saying goes, "the plot thickens," and with our research, this adage couldn't be more fitting. In this paper, we delve into the enigmatic and whimsical connection between the number of umpires and referees employed in the state of Michigan and the frequency of Google searches for the popular term "yeet." It's a collision of worlds that could make even a seasoned statistician do a double-take - or as some might say, "yeet" in surprise!
The relationship between sports officials and internet slang may seem as incongruous as socks and sandals, but our study set out to bring some statistical order to this seemingly chaotic dance. With the rise of the term "yeet" in popular culture, we couldn't help but wonder if there was more to this phenomenon than met the eye. And boy, did we uncover some intriguing connections that made us think, "Now that's a foul play if we ever saw one!"
Before we jump into the details, let's take a moment to appreciate the pun potential in this line of inquiry. We certainly had a ball (or perhaps a puck, in the case of hockey referees) exploring this curious correlation, and we can't wait to share our findings with you.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the relationship between the number of umpires and referees employed in Michigan and Google searches for "yeet" has yielded some intriguing and somewhat unexpected results. The correlation coefficient of 0.8496927 indicates a strong positive relationship, suggesting that as the number of officials increased, so did the frequency of "yeet" searches. It's as if the state's referees were inadvertently encouraging residents to join in on the "yeet" movement, making them the unlikeliest of trendsetters!
Our research also revealed an r-squared value of 0.7219778, signifying that approximately 72% of the variation in "yeet" searches can be explained by the number of umpires and referees in Michigan. It makes one wonder if the referees were taking their calls not only on the field but also in the digital arena, ensuring that the "yeet" spirit was well and truly alive across the state. It's almost like they were shouting, "You're out!" to traditional search patterns and signaling for a new era of internet slang.
Furthermore, the p-value of less than 0.01 provides compelling evidence of the statistical significance of this relationship. This suggests that the observed association between the number of officials and "yeet" searches is highly unlikely to have occurred by chance alone. It's more probable that there's a real link at play here, and it's not just the referees blowing their whistles.
In our enthusiasm to share the unexpected findings, we couldn't resist including a dad joke: What did the statistician say when he was asked about the connection between referees and "yeet" searches? "It looks like they're making quite an impact - statistically speaking!"
The results of our analysis are visually depicted in Fig. 1, which presents a scatterplot illustrating the strong correlation between the number of umpires and referees in Michigan and Google searches for "yeet." This figure serves as a compelling visual representation of the intriguing relationship uncovered in our research.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our investigation into the perplexing connection between the number of umpires and referees in Michigan and the frequency of Google searches for the term "yeet" has yielded fascinating results. The strong positive correlation we uncovered suggests that as the roster of officials increased, so did the enthusiasm for "yeet." It's almost as if the referees were signaling for a home run of internet slang! Speaking of which, I wonder what a baseball game between teams of umpires and internet mavens would look like - a real clash of the titans, wouldn't you say?

Our study not only highlighted the unexpected dynamics at play in the digital age but also underscored the peculiar influence of seemingly unrelated entities on popular culture. It goes to show that statistical analysis can be full of surprises, much like finding out your favorite referee is also a secret "yeet" enthusiast. It's like uncovering a hidden talent for doing the "yeet" dance move during a football review - a real game-changer!

The r-squared value of 0.7219778 provided further insight into the extent to which the number of officials can explain the variation in "yeet" searches, affirming the substantial impact of referees on the state's digital landscape. It's almost as if they were blowing their virtual whistles, ushering in a new era of search trends. I suppose you could say they were "calling the shots" in more ways than one!

As we wrap up this discussion, I can't help but share one last dad joke: Why did the statistician bring a ladder to the baseball game? Because he heard the umpires were making some high calls - both on the field and in the Google search rankings!

Given the robustness of our findings and the richness of our puns, we are confident that no further research in this area is warranted. After all, when it comes to the connection between referees and "yeet" searches, it's clear that we've knocked it out of the park!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited The Mate Between State Referees and Google Searches for Yeet in Michigan: A Sweetly Discreet Analytic Feat. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

Journal of Linguistic Anthropology and Digital Ethnography


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited The Mate Between State Referees and Google Searches for Yeet in Michigan: A Sweetly Discreet Analytic Feat. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Quirky Linguistic Studies


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled The Mate Between State Referees and Google Searches for Yeet in Michigan: A Sweetly Discreet Analytic Feat with an abstract of This paper delves into the curious correlation between the number of umpires and referees employed in the state of Michigan and the frequency of Google searches for the popular term "yeet." Utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Google Trends, our research team embarked on a quest to untangle this peculiar relationship. The study period spanning from 2004 to 2022 furnished us with a correlation coefficient of 0.8496927, accompanied by an impressive p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a strong statistical significance. It appeared that as the number of officials in the state increased, so did the frequency of "yeet" searches. It was almost as if the referees were inadvertently urging the residents to "send it"! This finding brings a whole new meaning to the phrase "callin' the shots." Our research provided a striking illustration of the unexpected paths that statistical investigations can take, demonstrating that sometimes, correlations can truly be out of left field - or in this case, out of the baseball diamond!

ChatGPT:

Michigan, state referees, Google searches, correlation, "yeet" frequency, data analysis, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Google Trends, statistical significance, officials, "send it," correlation coefficient, p-value, unexpected correlations

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

The number of umpires and referees in Michigan
Detailed data title: BLS estimate of umpires, referees, and other sports officials in Michigan
Source: Bureau of Larbor Statistics
See what else correlates with The number of umpires and referees in Michigan

Google searches for 'yeet'
Detailed data title: Relative volume of Google searches for 'yeet' (Worldwide, without quotes)
Source: Google Trends
Additional Info: Relative search volume (not absolute numbers)

See what else correlates with Google searches for 'yeet'

Correlation r = 0.8496927 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.7219778 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 72.2% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Google searches for 'yeet') is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., The number of umpires and referees in Michigan) over the 19 years from 2004 through 2022.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 4.1E-6. 0.0000041429614032426750000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.85 in 0.00041% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 241,373 random variables You don't actually need 241 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 18 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 18 because we have two variables measured over a period of 19 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.64, 0.94 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
2004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022
The number of umpires and referees in Michigan (Laborers)410410410230240310230290240360430450300650940880620520410
Google searches for 'yeet' (Rel. search volume)0.50.50.2222220.4285710.666667001012610.33337.916671446.257954.7528.916718.6667




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([410,410,410,230,240,310,230,290,240,360,430,450,300,650,940,880,620,520,410,])
array_2 = np.array([0.5,0.5,0.222222,0.428571,0.666667,0,0,1,0,1,26,10.3333,7.91667,14,46.25,79,54.75,28.9167,18.6667,])
array_1_name = "The number of umpires and referees in Michigan"
array_2_name = "Google searches for 'yeet'"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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Correlation ID: 3240 · Black Variable ID: 9670 · Red Variable ID: 1369
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