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Spurious correlation #3,214 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air pollution in St. Marys, Pennsylvania and the second variable is Google searches for 'sushi near me'.  The chart goes from 2004 to 2012, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
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AI explanation

The logic goes like this: As air pollution in St. Marys, Pennsylvania increased, it inadvertently led to the proliferation of a new species of mutant superfish in the local rivers. These superfish, lovingly dubbed 'smogrolls,' had a distinctly sushi-like flavor profile due to their exposure to airborne contaminants. As word spread about this unconventional, locally sourced sushi option, people couldn't resist the temptation to indulge in the freshest 'catch of the day.' Whether it's the allure of embracing the mutant future or just a newfound appreciation for avant-garde culinary experiences, one thing is clear – when it comes to sushi near St. Marys, Pennsylvania, the air pollution may have just sparked a bizarre yet strangely delectable trend. Remember, this is a purely fictional and utterly ludicrous explanation, but hey, stranger things have happened in the realm of culinary creativity!

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image of a futuristic cityscape with St. Marys, Pennsylvania at its center. The city should be shrouded in a hazy, polluted atmosphere, with the nearby river visibly contaminated. Show fish swimming restlessly in the river, reflecting the environmental impact. Meanwhile, depict glowing screens and holographic projections displaying the Google search bar, with "sushi near me" prominently featured, showcasing the locals' search for the elusive fish. The scene should have a blend of futuristic elements and contemporary environmental issues. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Air pollution in St. Marys, Pennsylvania and Google searches for 'sushi near me'. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Psychedelic Art nouveau Hyper-realistic Futuristic Macabre
ChatGPT: Futuristic

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Air pollution in St. Marys, Pennsylvania and Google searches for 'sushi near me', in the following situation: As air pollution increases in St. Marys, Pennsylvania, the fish in the nearby rivers get finicky. To escape the smog, they start heading towards the sushi restaurants in town. This makes people Google "sushi near me" more, contributing to the increase in searches. It's a real school of thought!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In St. Marys, Pennsylvania, the air is hazy with pollution, and the nearby river is filled with fish swimming restlessly. Meanwhile, on people's phones and computers, the Google search bar is busy with "sushi near me" as locals try to track down the elusive fish, contributing to the increase in searches.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Futuristic ] and depicting this scene: In St. Marys, Pennsylvania, the air is hazy with pollution, and the nearby river is filled with fish swimming restlessly. Meanwhile, on people's phones and computers, the Google search bar is busy with "sushi near me" as locals try to track down the elusive fish, contributing to the increase in searches. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image of a futuristic cityscape with St. Marys, Pennsylvania at its center. The city should be shrouded in a hazy, polluted atmosphere, with the nearby river visibly contaminated. Show fish swimming restlessly in the river, reflecting the environmental impact. Meanwhile, depict glowing screens and holographic projections displaying the Google search bar, with "sushi near me" prominently featured, showcasing the locals' search for the elusive fish. The scene should have a blend of futuristic elements and contemporary environmental issues.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Air pollution in St. Marys, Pennsylvania caused sushi near me (Google searches for 'sushi near me') to increase.\Make it sound serious until the end.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Raw Data: Untangling the Tangled Tale of Sushi and Smog in St. Marys

The Journal of Culinary and Environmental Entanglements

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in St. Marys, Pennsylvania and Google searches for 'sushi near me'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Make the title a clever pun.

Your research team used data from Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9967362 and p < 0.01 for 2004 to 2012.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
Raw Data: Untangling the Tangled Tale of Sushi and Smog in St. Marys

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we dive into a rather fishy correlation between air pollution and the cravings of the fine folks of St. Marys, Pennsylvania for the delectable delight that is sushi. Armed with data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we set out to unravel the mystery of whether air pollution levels are linked to an increased fervor for 'sushi near me' searches. It's a bit of a raw deal, you might say!

Our findings revealed a staggering correlation coefficient of 0.9967362, with a pesky p-value below 0.01, for the years 2004 to 2012. This suggests a tantalizing connection between the local air pollution levels and residents' quest for mouthwatering sushi. It seems the sushi cravings of St. Marys residents might not just be a stroke of soy-sauce-laden luck, but rather a response to the environmental surroundings. Talk about a fishy situation, eh?

Our research sheds light on the quirky ways in which environmental factors can influence human behavior and preferences, providing a flavorful twist to the ongoing conversation about the impact of air quality on daily life. So, the next time you're craving sushi, don't just blame your taste buds - it might be the smoggy air around you guiding your culinary choices! Just remember, it's important to take these findings with a pinch of wasabi - after all, correlation doesn't always mean causation.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in St. Marys, Pennsylvania and Google searches for 'sushi near me'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Raw Data: Untangling the Tangled Tale of Sushi and Smog in St. Marys

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we dive into a rather fishy correlation between air pollution and the cravings of the fine folks of St. Marys, Pennsylvania for the delectable delight that is sushi. Armed with data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we set out to unravel the mystery of whether air pollution levels are linked to an increased fervor for 'sushi near me' searches. It's a bit of a raw deal, you might say!

Our findings revealed a staggering correlation coefficient of 0.9967362, with a pesky p-value below 0.01, for the years 2004 to 2012. This suggests a tantalizing connection between the local air pollution levels and residents' quest for mouthwatering sushi. It seems the sushi cravings of St. Marys residents might not just be a stroke of soy-sauce-laden luck, but rather a response to the environmental surroundings. Talk about a fishy situation, eh?

Our research sheds light on the quirky ways in which environmental factors can influence human behavior and preferences, providing a flavorful twist to the ongoing conversation about the impact of air quality on daily life. So, the next time you're craving sushi, don't just blame your taste buds - it might be the smoggy air around you guiding your culinary choices! Just remember, it's important to take these findings with a pinch of wasabi - after all, correlation doesn't always mean causation.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

Imagine this: you're strolling through the charming streets of St. Marys, Pennsylvania, when suddenly, the unmistakable aroma of freshly prepared sushi wafts through the air. You find yourself salivating at the mere thought of those delectable rolls, but wait – do you have a sudden craving for sushi, or is it just the smog playing tricks on your senses? It's a head-scratcher that would make even the most seasoned sushi connoisseur ponder, but fear not! Our research has dived into this unexpected connection between air pollution and the search for 'sushi near me', and the findings are quite the catch of the day!

As the saying goes, "Give a man a fish, and he'll eat for a day. Teach a man to fish, and he'll Google the nearest sushi restaurant." Our study aims to reel in the mystery behind the surge in 'sushi near me' searches and its correlation with air pollution levels in the quaint town of St. Marys. The intersection of environmental factors and gastronomic cravings may seem a bit fishy at first glance, but our data-driven approach casts a wide net over this intriguing relationship.

Now, let's take a deep dive into the tangled tale of sushi and smog in St. Marys. It's a curious case that unfolds like a well-rolled maki – layer upon layer of unexpected connections that could make even the most seasoned sushi chef go, "Wasabi that?"

Our findings not only open a window into the potential impact of environmental factors on culinary desires but also serve as a reminder that the notion of cause and effect can sometimes be as slippery as an eel. So, let's embark on this journey with a sense of curiosity and a dash of wasabi – after all, life's too short for bland findings!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in St. Marys, Pennsylvania and Google searches for 'sushi near me'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then you might move on to cartoons and children's shows that you watched for research.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Raw Data: Untangling the Tangled Tale of Sushi and Smog in St. Marys

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we dive into a rather fishy correlation between air pollution and the cravings of the fine folks of St. Marys, Pennsylvania for the delectable delight that is sushi. Armed with data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we set out to unravel the mystery of whether air pollution levels are linked to an increased fervor for 'sushi near me' searches. It's a bit of a raw deal, you might say!

Our findings revealed a staggering correlation coefficient of 0.9967362, with a pesky p-value below 0.01, for the years 2004 to 2012. This suggests a tantalizing connection between the local air pollution levels and residents' quest for mouthwatering sushi. It seems the sushi cravings of St. Marys residents might not just be a stroke of soy-sauce-laden luck, but rather a response to the environmental surroundings. Talk about a fishy situation, eh?

Our research sheds light on the quirky ways in which environmental factors can influence human behavior and preferences, providing a flavorful twist to the ongoing conversation about the impact of air quality on daily life. So, the next time you're craving sushi, don't just blame your taste buds - it might be the smoggy air around you guiding your culinary choices! Just remember, it's important to take these findings with a pinch of wasabi - after all, correlation doesn't always mean causation.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
Imagine this: you're strolling through the charming streets of St. Marys, Pennsylvania, when suddenly, the unmistakable aroma of freshly prepared sushi wafts through the air. You find yourself salivating at the mere thought of those delectable rolls, but wait – do you have a sudden craving for sushi, or is it just the smog playing tricks on your senses? It's a head-scratcher that would make even the most seasoned sushi connoisseur ponder, but fear not! Our research has dived into this unexpected connection between air pollution and the search for 'sushi near me', and the findings are quite the catch of the day!
As the saying goes, "Give a man a fish, and he'll eat for a day. Teach a man to fish, and he'll Google the nearest sushi restaurant." Our study aims to reel in the mystery behind the surge in 'sushi near me' searches and its correlation with air pollution levels in the quaint town of St. Marys. The intersection of environmental factors and gastronomic cravings may seem a bit fishy at first glance, but our data-driven approach casts a wide net over this intriguing relationship.
Now, let's take a deep dive into the tangled tale of sushi and smog in St. Marys. It's a curious case that unfolds like a well-rolled maki – layer upon layer of unexpected connections that could make even the most seasoned sushi chef go, "Wasabi that?"
Our findings not only open a window into the potential impact of environmental factors on culinary desires but also serve as a reminder that the notion of cause and effect can sometimes be as slippery as an eel. So, let's embark on this journey with a sense of curiosity and a dash of wasabi – after all, life's too short for bland findings!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

Smith et al. (2015) investigated the impact of air pollution on local search trends and found a positive correlation between environmental factors and online searches for various consumer goods. Their study set the stage for our exploration into the specific relationship between air pollution in St. Marys, Pennsylvania and searches for 'sushi near me' on Google.

Doe and Jones (2017) delved into the societal effects of environmental pollution, highlighting the potential influence on consumer behavior. This intersection of environmental factors and online search queries provided a tantalizing avenue for our investigation, prompting us to plunge into the depths of this peculiar connection.

Turning to non-fiction accounts related to environmental and culinary inclinations, we draw inspiration from Elizabeth Royte's "Garbage Land: On the Secret Trail of Trash" and Mark Kurlansky's "Cod: A Biography of the Fish that Changed the World." While these works may not directly address the correlation between air pollution and sushi cravings, they lend a flavorful backdrop to our exploration of seemingly unrelated phenomena intertwining like seaweed around a delicate sushi roll.

As we wade through the literature, let us not overlook the fictitious tales that might offer unexpected insights. Brian Jacques' "The Pearls of Lutra" and Karen Bao's "Dove Arising" may not explicitly address sushi or air pollution, but their imaginative narratives serve as a reminder that the unlikeliest of sources can often illuminate the most unexpected connections, much like discovering a wasabi pea hidden among your sushi.

Moreover, in our pursuit of understanding the quirkier aspects of human behavior in response to environmental stimuli, we draw upon the timeless wisdom of children's animated series such as "SpongeBob SquarePants" and "Scooby-Doo." These beloved shows, while not scientific in nature, offer a whimsical lens through which to view the complexities of human responses to external stimuli – who knew that snacking on sushi could be as mysterious as solving a Scooby-Doo mystery?

Now, armed with a diverse array of literature and influences, we embark on our analysis to untangle the intertwining threads of sushi cravings and the murky world of air pollution, bringing a breath of fresh, albeit slightly fishy, air to the discourse of environmental influences on consumer behavior.

But hey, look at the bright side - at least we won't have to worry about sushi going bad in the polluted air, it's already raw!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in St. Marys, Pennsylvania and Google searches for 'sushi near me'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends . You used data from 2004 to 2012

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Raw Data: Untangling the Tangled Tale of Sushi and Smog in St. Marys

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we dive into a rather fishy correlation between air pollution and the cravings of the fine folks of St. Marys, Pennsylvania for the delectable delight that is sushi. Armed with data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we set out to unravel the mystery of whether air pollution levels are linked to an increased fervor for 'sushi near me' searches. It's a bit of a raw deal, you might say!

Our findings revealed a staggering correlation coefficient of 0.9967362, with a pesky p-value below 0.01, for the years 2004 to 2012. This suggests a tantalizing connection between the local air pollution levels and residents' quest for mouthwatering sushi. It seems the sushi cravings of St. Marys residents might not just be a stroke of soy-sauce-laden luck, but rather a response to the environmental surroundings. Talk about a fishy situation, eh?

Our research sheds light on the quirky ways in which environmental factors can influence human behavior and preferences, providing a flavorful twist to the ongoing conversation about the impact of air quality on daily life. So, the next time you're craving sushi, don't just blame your taste buds - it might be the smoggy air around you guiding your culinary choices! Just remember, it's important to take these findings with a pinch of wasabi - after all, correlation doesn't always mean causation.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
Imagine this: you're strolling through the charming streets of St. Marys, Pennsylvania, when suddenly, the unmistakable aroma of freshly prepared sushi wafts through the air. You find yourself salivating at the mere thought of those delectable rolls, but wait – do you have a sudden craving for sushi, or is it just the smog playing tricks on your senses? It's a head-scratcher that would make even the most seasoned sushi connoisseur ponder, but fear not! Our research has dived into this unexpected connection between air pollution and the search for 'sushi near me', and the findings are quite the catch of the day!
As the saying goes, "Give a man a fish, and he'll eat for a day. Teach a man to fish, and he'll Google the nearest sushi restaurant." Our study aims to reel in the mystery behind the surge in 'sushi near me' searches and its correlation with air pollution levels in the quaint town of St. Marys. The intersection of environmental factors and gastronomic cravings may seem a bit fishy at first glance, but our data-driven approach casts a wide net over this intriguing relationship.
Now, let's take a deep dive into the tangled tale of sushi and smog in St. Marys. It's a curious case that unfolds like a well-rolled maki – layer upon layer of unexpected connections that could make even the most seasoned sushi chef go, "Wasabi that?"
Our findings not only open a window into the potential impact of environmental factors on culinary desires but also serve as a reminder that the notion of cause and effect can sometimes be as slippery as an eel. So, let's embark on this journey with a sense of curiosity and a dash of wasabi – after all, life's too short for bland findings!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To begin untangling the enigmatic connection between air pollution in St. Marys, Pennsylvania, and the appetite for sushi, our research team embarked on a data-gathering odyssey worthy of any epic tale. Our primary sources of information were the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the ever-reliable Google Trends, with their digital tendrils reaching deep into the sushi-loving hearts of St. Marys. We assembled a treasure trove of data spanning the years 2004 to 2012, casting a wide net to capture the evolving relationship between air quality and gastronomic desires.

Now, you may be wondering, "How does one even fish for data on sushi cravings and smog levels?" Well, that's a fin-tastic question! Our team concocted a delightfully convoluted process involving intricate algorithms, a pinch of statistical sorcery, and a dash of digital noodging to tease out the subtle nuances of sushi searches and air pollution readings. Think of it as a culinary adventure in the labyrinth of cyberspace, where each byte of data was lovingly reeled in like a prized catch.

In the realm of air pollution data, we delved into the EPA's archives like intrepid deep-sea divers, navigating through a sea of pollutant concentrations, atmospheric conditions, and regulatory reports. To ensure the utmost accuracy, we cross-referenced these findings with local weather patterns and atmospheric peculiarities, leaving no smog-filled stone unturned. After all, when it comes to studying the interactions between air quality and sushi cravings, precision is the sushi-mama of invention!

Meanwhile, our exploration of sushi-related search queries on Google Trends was akin to navigating a sushi menu with boundless options. We engaged in a delicate dance with search algorithms, sifting through a veritable ocean of data points to discern the ebbs and flows of St. Marys' collective craving for the delectable delicacy. It was a digital expedition filled with surprises, much like discovering an unexpected Wasabi garnish on your sushi platter!

With this comprehensive dataset in hand, we then unleashed the formidable power of statistical analysis, employing an assortment of regression models, time-series analyses, and other methodological tools. We subjected the data to rigorous scrutiny, ensuring that our findings were as robust as a well-constructed sushi roll, with each ingredient playing its part in the flavorful ensemble. It was a statistical banquet fit for the most discerning palates, where every coefficient and p-value had to prove its worth like a seasoned sushi chef in a bustling kitchen!

Through this multi-faceted approach, we sought to shed light on the intricate dance between air pollution and culinary cravings, serving up a tantalizing platter of findings that might just make you reconsider the next time you sniff the air and yearn for sushi. It's a study that takes the notion of cause and effect and wraps it in a savory seaweed blanket, reminding us that the world of human behavior is just as complex and delectable as a well-crafted sushi roll. So, let's dive into the findings with a sense of curiosity and a sprinkle of whimsy—after all, the sea of data is vast and full of flavors! And remember, when in doubt, just keep swimming through the statistics like a determined Nemo in search of the ultimate fishy truth.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in St. Marys, Pennsylvania and Google searches for 'sushi near me'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends .

For the time period 2004 to 2012, you found a correlation 0.9967362, r-squared of 0.9934830, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Raw Data: Untangling the Tangled Tale of Sushi and Smog in St. Marys

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we dive into a rather fishy correlation between air pollution and the cravings of the fine folks of St. Marys, Pennsylvania for the delectable delight that is sushi. Armed with data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we set out to unravel the mystery of whether air pollution levels are linked to an increased fervor for 'sushi near me' searches. It's a bit of a raw deal, you might say!

Our findings revealed a staggering correlation coefficient of 0.9967362, with a pesky p-value below 0.01, for the years 2004 to 2012. This suggests a tantalizing connection between the local air pollution levels and residents' quest for mouthwatering sushi. It seems the sushi cravings of St. Marys residents might not just be a stroke of soy-sauce-laden luck, but rather a response to the environmental surroundings. Talk about a fishy situation, eh?

Our research sheds light on the quirky ways in which environmental factors can influence human behavior and preferences, providing a flavorful twist to the ongoing conversation about the impact of air quality on daily life. So, the next time you're craving sushi, don't just blame your taste buds - it might be the smoggy air around you guiding your culinary choices! Just remember, it's important to take these findings with a pinch of wasabi - after all, correlation doesn't always mean causation.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
Imagine this: you're strolling through the charming streets of St. Marys, Pennsylvania, when suddenly, the unmistakable aroma of freshly prepared sushi wafts through the air. You find yourself salivating at the mere thought of those delectable rolls, but wait – do you have a sudden craving for sushi, or is it just the smog playing tricks on your senses? It's a head-scratcher that would make even the most seasoned sushi connoisseur ponder, but fear not! Our research has dived into this unexpected connection between air pollution and the search for 'sushi near me', and the findings are quite the catch of the day!
As the saying goes, "Give a man a fish, and he'll eat for a day. Teach a man to fish, and he'll Google the nearest sushi restaurant." Our study aims to reel in the mystery behind the surge in 'sushi near me' searches and its correlation with air pollution levels in the quaint town of St. Marys. The intersection of environmental factors and gastronomic cravings may seem a bit fishy at first glance, but our data-driven approach casts a wide net over this intriguing relationship.
Now, let's take a deep dive into the tangled tale of sushi and smog in St. Marys. It's a curious case that unfolds like a well-rolled maki – layer upon layer of unexpected connections that could make even the most seasoned sushi chef go, "Wasabi that?"
Our findings not only open a window into the potential impact of environmental factors on culinary desires but also serve as a reminder that the notion of cause and effect can sometimes be as slippery as an eel. So, let's embark on this journey with a sense of curiosity and a dash of wasabi – after all, life's too short for bland findings!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The results of our analysis revealed a remarkably strong correlation between air pollution levels and Google searches for 'sushi near me' in St. Marys, Pennsylvania. From 2004 to 2012, we found a correlation coefficient of 0.9967362, suggesting a striking relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. It's like the perfect pairing of wasabi and soy sauce - they just go hand in hand! Our r-squared value of 0.9934830 further emphasizes the robustness of this connection. It's quite a "sushifying" revelation, isn't it?

Furthermore, our statistical analysis yielded a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating that this association is not just a fishy fluke. It's as significant as finding a pearl in an oyster! This strong statistical evidence supports our contention that the fluctuations in air pollution levels are indeed associated with the intensity of 'sushi near me' searches in the region.

In Fig. 1, our scatterplot illustrates this compelling correlation between air pollution levels and the yearning for sushi. The data points form a pattern as cohesive as a well-rolled sushi roll, leaving little room for doubt about the consistency of this relationship. It's as if the smog is casting a tantalizing spell over the residents of St. Marys, steering their cravings toward seafood delicacies, or perhaps they're just hooked on the idea of a savory escape from the polluted air.

These findings lend credence to the idea that environmental factors may wield a substantial influence on gastronomic preferences, offering a fresh perspective on the interplay between human behavior and the surrounding atmosphere. So, the next time you find yourself pondering the mystery of sushi cravings in a pollution-plagued town, just remember - there's more than just fish in the sea of correlations!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in St. Marys, Pennsylvania and Google searches for 'sushi near me'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Raw Data: Untangling the Tangled Tale of Sushi and Smog in St. Marys

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we dive into a rather fishy correlation between air pollution and the cravings of the fine folks of St. Marys, Pennsylvania for the delectable delight that is sushi. Armed with data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we set out to unravel the mystery of whether air pollution levels are linked to an increased fervor for 'sushi near me' searches. It's a bit of a raw deal, you might say!

Our findings revealed a staggering correlation coefficient of 0.9967362, with a pesky p-value below 0.01, for the years 2004 to 2012. This suggests a tantalizing connection between the local air pollution levels and residents' quest for mouthwatering sushi. It seems the sushi cravings of St. Marys residents might not just be a stroke of soy-sauce-laden luck, but rather a response to the environmental surroundings. Talk about a fishy situation, eh?

Our research sheds light on the quirky ways in which environmental factors can influence human behavior and preferences, providing a flavorful twist to the ongoing conversation about the impact of air quality on daily life. So, the next time you're craving sushi, don't just blame your taste buds - it might be the smoggy air around you guiding your culinary choices! Just remember, it's important to take these findings with a pinch of wasabi - after all, correlation doesn't always mean causation.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
Smith et al. (2015) investigated the impact of air pollution on local search trends and found a positive correlation between environmental factors and online searches for various consumer goods. Their study set the stage for our exploration into the specific relationship between air pollution in St. Marys, Pennsylvania and searches for 'sushi near me' on Google.
Doe and Jones (2017) delved into the societal effects of environmental pollution, highlighting the potential influence on consumer behavior. This intersection of environmental factors and online search queries provided a tantalizing avenue for our investigation, prompting us to plunge into the depths of this peculiar connection.
Turning to non-fiction accounts related to environmental and culinary inclinations, we draw inspiration from Elizabeth Royte's "Garbage Land: On the Secret Trail of Trash" and Mark Kurlansky's "Cod: A Biography of the Fish that Changed the World." While these works may not directly address the correlation between air pollution and sushi cravings, they lend a flavorful backdrop to our exploration of seemingly unrelated phenomena intertwining like seaweed around a delicate sushi roll.
As we wade through the literature, let us not overlook the fictitious tales that might offer unexpected insights. Brian Jacques' "The Pearls of Lutra" and Karen Bao's "Dove Arising" may not explicitly address sushi or air pollution, but their imaginative narratives serve as a reminder that the unlikeliest of sources can often illuminate the most unexpected connections, much like discovering a wasabi pea hidden among your sushi.
Moreover, in our pursuit of understanding the quirkier aspects of human behavior in response to environmental stimuli, we draw upon the timeless wisdom of children's animated series such as "SpongeBob SquarePants" and "Scooby-Doo." These beloved shows, while not scientific in nature, offer a whimsical lens through which to view the complexities of human responses to external stimuli – who knew that snacking on sushi could be as mysterious as solving a Scooby-Doo mystery?
Now, armed with a diverse array of literature and influences, we embark on our analysis to untangle the intertwining threads of sushi cravings and the murky world of air pollution, bringing a breath of fresh, albeit slightly fishy, air to the discourse of environmental influences on consumer behavior.
But hey, look at the bright side - at least we won't have to worry about sushi going bad in the polluted air, it's already raw!

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our analysis revealed a remarkably strong correlation between air pollution levels and Google searches for 'sushi near me' in St. Marys, Pennsylvania. From 2004 to 2012, we found a correlation coefficient of 0.9967362, suggesting a striking relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. It's like the perfect pairing of wasabi and soy sauce - they just go hand in hand! Our r-squared value of 0.9934830 further emphasizes the robustness of this connection. It's quite a "sushifying" revelation, isn't it?
Furthermore, our statistical analysis yielded a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating that this association is not just a fishy fluke. It's as significant as finding a pearl in an oyster! This strong statistical evidence supports our contention that the fluctuations in air pollution levels are indeed associated with the intensity of 'sushi near me' searches in the region.
In Fig. 1, our scatterplot illustrates this compelling correlation between air pollution levels and the yearning for sushi. The data points form a pattern as cohesive as a well-rolled sushi roll, leaving little room for doubt about the consistency of this relationship. It's as if the smog is casting a tantalizing spell over the residents of St. Marys, steering their cravings toward seafood delicacies, or perhaps they're just hooked on the idea of a savory escape from the polluted air.
These findings lend credence to the idea that environmental factors may wield a substantial influence on gastronomic preferences, offering a fresh perspective on the interplay between human behavior and the surrounding atmosphere. So, the next time you find yourself pondering the mystery of sushi cravings in a pollution-plagued town, just remember - there's more than just fish in the sea of correlations!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our results not only support previous research by Smith et al. (2015), who highlighted the influence of environmental factors on consumer behavior, but also add a flavorful twist to the ongoing conversation about the impact of air quality on daily life. It's as if the air pollution is sushi-ting to a new level of influence on the palate of the St. Marys residents – a situation more serious than a fish out of water. Our sweet and sour findings suggest that sushi cravings are not just a fluke but rather a swiperight response to the environmental surroundings. Now that's what I call a raw deal!

Drawing on the fictitious tales that offer unexpected insights as noted in our literature review, we must recognize that our findings, while may seem fishy, align with the odd but unfathomable interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated phenomena. It's as if our results are a hidden treasure, much like discovering a pearl in an oyster or a delicious chunk of sushi at the bottom of your takeout bag. The strong correlation coefficient between air pollution levels and 'sushi near me' searches is as robust and undeniable as the overpowering aroma of a good fish market.

Our statistical analysis, with a p-value of less than 0.01, underlines the significant association between air pollution and the intensity of 'sushi near me' searches. This is no mere fish tale - it's a sushi saga! It cannot be dismissed as a mere fluke; it is as significant as the elusive pearl in an oyster. Our findings have surfaced like a well-prepared sushi roll, leaving little room for doubt about the strength of this relationship. It's as if the smog is casting a tantalizing spell over the residents of St. Marys, steering their cravings toward seafood delicacies, or perhaps they're just hooked on the idea of a savory escape from the polluted air.

Our research adds a new dimension to the conversation about the influence of environmental factors on gastronomic preferences. It highlights the quirky ways in which environmental factors can influence human behavior and preferences, providing a flavorful twist to the ongoing conversation about the impact of air quality on daily life. In essence, the correlation between air pollution levels and the craving for sushi serves as a reminder that in the puzzle of human behavior, everything is connected – much like seaweed around a delicate sushi roll – and just like sushi, the relationships we uncover can be surprisingly raw!

Now, that's all for now - something's fishy here, and it's not just the sushi!




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in St. Marys, Pennsylvania and Google searches for 'sushi near me'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Raw Data: Untangling the Tangled Tale of Sushi and Smog in St. Marys

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we dive into a rather fishy correlation between air pollution and the cravings of the fine folks of St. Marys, Pennsylvania for the delectable delight that is sushi. Armed with data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we set out to unravel the mystery of whether air pollution levels are linked to an increased fervor for 'sushi near me' searches. It's a bit of a raw deal, you might say!

Our findings revealed a staggering correlation coefficient of 0.9967362, with a pesky p-value below 0.01, for the years 2004 to 2012. This suggests a tantalizing connection between the local air pollution levels and residents' quest for mouthwatering sushi. It seems the sushi cravings of St. Marys residents might not just be a stroke of soy-sauce-laden luck, but rather a response to the environmental surroundings. Talk about a fishy situation, eh?

Our research sheds light on the quirky ways in which environmental factors can influence human behavior and preferences, providing a flavorful twist to the ongoing conversation about the impact of air quality on daily life. So, the next time you're craving sushi, don't just blame your taste buds - it might be the smoggy air around you guiding your culinary choices! Just remember, it's important to take these findings with a pinch of wasabi - after all, correlation doesn't always mean causation.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
Imagine this: you're strolling through the charming streets of St. Marys, Pennsylvania, when suddenly, the unmistakable aroma of freshly prepared sushi wafts through the air. You find yourself salivating at the mere thought of those delectable rolls, but wait – do you have a sudden craving for sushi, or is it just the smog playing tricks on your senses? It's a head-scratcher that would make even the most seasoned sushi connoisseur ponder, but fear not! Our research has dived into this unexpected connection between air pollution and the search for 'sushi near me', and the findings are quite the catch of the day!
As the saying goes, "Give a man a fish, and he'll eat for a day. Teach a man to fish, and he'll Google the nearest sushi restaurant." Our study aims to reel in the mystery behind the surge in 'sushi near me' searches and its correlation with air pollution levels in the quaint town of St. Marys. The intersection of environmental factors and gastronomic cravings may seem a bit fishy at first glance, but our data-driven approach casts a wide net over this intriguing relationship.
Now, let's take a deep dive into the tangled tale of sushi and smog in St. Marys. It's a curious case that unfolds like a well-rolled maki – layer upon layer of unexpected connections that could make even the most seasoned sushi chef go, "Wasabi that?"
Our findings not only open a window into the potential impact of environmental factors on culinary desires but also serve as a reminder that the notion of cause and effect can sometimes be as slippery as an eel. So, let's embark on this journey with a sense of curiosity and a dash of wasabi – after all, life's too short for bland findings!

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our analysis revealed a remarkably strong correlation between air pollution levels and Google searches for 'sushi near me' in St. Marys, Pennsylvania. From 2004 to 2012, we found a correlation coefficient of 0.9967362, suggesting a striking relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. It's like the perfect pairing of wasabi and soy sauce - they just go hand in hand! Our r-squared value of 0.9934830 further emphasizes the robustness of this connection. It's quite a "sushifying" revelation, isn't it?
Furthermore, our statistical analysis yielded a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating that this association is not just a fishy fluke. It's as significant as finding a pearl in an oyster! This strong statistical evidence supports our contention that the fluctuations in air pollution levels are indeed associated with the intensity of 'sushi near me' searches in the region.
In Fig. 1, our scatterplot illustrates this compelling correlation between air pollution levels and the yearning for sushi. The data points form a pattern as cohesive as a well-rolled sushi roll, leaving little room for doubt about the consistency of this relationship. It's as if the smog is casting a tantalizing spell over the residents of St. Marys, steering their cravings toward seafood delicacies, or perhaps they're just hooked on the idea of a savory escape from the polluted air.
These findings lend credence to the idea that environmental factors may wield a substantial influence on gastronomic preferences, offering a fresh perspective on the interplay between human behavior and the surrounding atmosphere. So, the next time you find yourself pondering the mystery of sushi cravings in a pollution-plagued town, just remember - there's more than just fish in the sea of correlations!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our research has reeled in some compelling evidence of the intriguing relationship between air pollution in St. Marys, Pennsylvania and the fervent searches for 'sushi near me'. It seems that when the air gets murky, the residents of St. Marys turn to the tantalizing allure of sushi to clear the fog in their minds. It's like they say, when life gives you smog, search for sushi rolls!

Our study not only underscores the surprising impact of environmental factors on culinary inclinations, but also highlights the need to consider the complexities of human behavior in the context of the surrounding atmosphere. It's like trying to find a soybean in a sea of edamame - the connections may be subtle, but once you spot it, the flavor is unmistakable!

In light of our findings, it's safe to say that the hunt for 'sushi near me' in St. Marys is more than just a search for a satisfying meal; it's a reflection of how environmental conditions can shape our yearnings and cravings. Who would have thought that a craving for sushi could be blown in by the wind?

This "sushifying" correlation calls for a deeper exploration of the intricate ways in which external factors influence human preferences. However, let's not be shellfish with our findings; it's time to tackle new research endeavors and cast our nets into uncharted waters. As the old adage goes, "There are plenty of fish in the sea," but when it comes to the connection between air pollution and sushi cravings in St. Marys, it seems we've reeled in a whopper of a discovery!

In closing, our findings suggest a strong and unmistakable link between air pollution and the search for sushi, leaving little room for skepticism. It's time to wrap up this fish tale and fishy correlation with a "sushi-cially" verified conclusion - no more research is needed, we've truly found the most "sashimi-lar" evidence!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Raw Data: Untangling the Tangled Tale of Sushi and Smog in St. Marys. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Culinary and Environmental Entanglements


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Raw Data: Untangling the Tangled Tale of Sushi and Smog in St. Marys. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Culinary and Environmental Economics


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Raw Data: Untangling the Tangled Tale of Sushi and Smog in St. Marys with an abstract of In this paper, we dive into a rather fishy correlation between air pollution and the cravings of the fine folks of St. Marys, Pennsylvania for the delectable delight that is sushi. Armed with data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we set out to unravel the mystery of whether air pollution levels are linked to an increased fervor for 'sushi near me' searches. It's a bit of a raw deal, you might say!
Our findings revealed a staggering correlation coefficient of 0.9967362, with a pesky p-value below 0.01, for the years 2004 to 2012. This suggests a tantalizing connection between the local air pollution levels and residents' quest for mouthwatering sushi. It seems the sushi cravings of St. Marys residents might not just be a stroke of soy-sauce-laden luck, but rather a response to the environmental surroundings. Talk about a fishy situation, eh?
Our research sheds light on the quirky ways in which environmental factors can influence human behavior and preferences, providing a flavorful twist to the ongoing conversation about the impact of air quality on daily life. So, the next time you're craving sushi, don't just blame your taste buds - it might be the smoggy air around you guiding your culinary choices! Just remember, it's important to take these findings with a pinch of wasabi - after all, correlation doesn't always mean causation.

ChatGPT:

sushi cravings, air pollution, St. Marys Pennsylvania, environmental factors, human behavior, air quality, sushi near me searches, EPA data, Google Trends, correlation coefficient, p-value, 2004-2012, impact of air quality, causation vs correlation

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

Air pollution in St. Marys, Pennsylvania
Detailed data title: Percentage of days 'unhealthy' or worse air quality in St. Marys, PA
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air pollution in St. Marys, Pennsylvania

Google searches for 'sushi near me'
Detailed data title: Relative volume of Google searches for 'sushi near me' (Worldwide, without quotes)
Source: Google Trends
Additional Info: Relative search volume (not absolute numbers)

See what else correlates with Google searches for 'sushi near me'

Correlation r = 0.9967362 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.9934830 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 99.3% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Google searches for 'sushi near me') is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Air pollution in St. Marys, Pennsylvania) over the 9 years from 2004 through 2012.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 6.5E-9. 0.0000000065193900741897660000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 1 in 6.5E-7% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 153,388,582 random variables You don't actually need 153 million variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 8 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 8 because we have two variables measured over a period of 9 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.98, 1 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
200420052006200720082009201020112012
Air pollution in St. Marys, Pennsylvania (Bad air quality days)000000000.00276243
Google searches for 'sushi near me' (Rel. search volume)0.090909100000001.125




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
  4. Very low n: There are not many data points included in this analysis. Even if the p-value is high, we should be suspicious of using so few datapoints in a correlation.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.00276243,])
array_2 = np.array([0.0909091,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1.125,])
array_1_name = "Air pollution in St. Marys, Pennsylvania"
array_2_name = "Google searches for 'sushi near me'"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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Correlation ID: 3214 · Black Variable ID: 22249 · Red Variable ID: 1534
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