Download png, svg
AI explanation
As Neptune cozied up to the Sun, its mysterious space vibes disrupted the fossil fuel particles in D.C., rendering them into clean, sustainable air. Now introducing the revolutionary new planetary air purifier - Neptune: The Eco-Friendly Gas Giant!
Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image showing a cute cartoon representation of Neptune with a friendly face, wearing a space-themed carpooling sticker, happily driving a car on a road in Washington, D.C. Various planets with happy expressions are orbiting around Neptune, with their orbits slightly disrupted. The city skyline in the background is vibrant and clear, with visibly reduced air pollution. The scene exudes a sense of harmony and positive environmental impact. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Washington, D.C.. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: A TIME magazine cover image Cute cartoon High-tech Futuristic Cute cartoon
ChatGPT: Cute cartoon
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Washington, D.C., in the following situation: Because as Neptune moved closer, it disrupted the gravitational balance, causing politicians to carpool less, reducing air pollution in Washington, D.C.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: As Neptune inched closer to the Sun, the planets' orbits became slightly disrupted, causing traffic on the roads of Washington, D.C. to ease. The reduced congestion led to politicians carpooling more frequently, resulting in a visible reduction of air pollution in the city's skyline.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Cute cartoon ] and depicting this scene: As Neptune inched closer to the Sun, the planets' orbits became slightly disrupted, causing traffic on the roads of Washington, D.C. to ease. The reduced congestion led to politicians carpooling more frequently, resulting in a visible reduction of air pollution in the city's skyline. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image showing a cute cartoon representation of Neptune with a friendly face, wearing a space-themed carpooling sticker, happily driving a car on a road in Washington, D.C. Various planets with happy expressions are orbiting around Neptune, with their orbits slightly disrupted. The city skyline in the background is vibrant and clear, with visibly reduced air pollution. The scene exudes a sense of harmony and positive environmental impact.
*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.
I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how a decrease in The distance between Neptune and the Sun caused Air pollution in Washington, D.C. to decrease. Add a funny one-liner at the end.
AI academic paper
 |
Out of This World Pollution: Exploring the Neptune-Sun Distance and Air Quality in Washington, D.C. The Interplanetary Journal of Environmental Science Jan 2024 Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real! |
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Washington, D.C.. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.
Make the title punny if you can come up with clever pun. If not, make it sound serious.
Your research team used data from Caclculated using Astropy and Environmental Protection Agency to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9302756 and p < 0.01 for 1980 to 2023.
Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)
[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit
[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit
ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
"Out of This World Pollution: Exploring the Neptune-Sun Distance and Air Quality in Washington, D.C."
[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we boldly go where no researchers have gone before, to investigate the possible celestial influence on earthly pollution. By harnessing the power of data from Astropy and the Environmental Protection Agency, we have quantified the relationship between the distance separating Neptune from the Sun and the air pollution levels in Washington, D.C. Over the years 1980 to 2023, our findings revealed a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.9302756 and a p-value of less than 0.01. Our results suggest that the alignment of the planets might just have a cosmic impact on air quality here on Earth! So, could it be that the winds of change in D.C. are not just political, but interplanetary? Our research paves the way for a new frontier in understanding the universe and its effect on our environment.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Washington, D.C.. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.
Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Out of This World Pollution: Exploring the Neptune-Sun Distance and Air Quality in Washington, D.C."
[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we boldly go where no researchers have gone before, to investigate the possible celestial influence on earthly pollution. By harnessing the power of data from Astropy and the Environmental Protection Agency, we have quantified the relationship between the distance separating Neptune from the Sun and the air pollution levels in Washington, D.C. Over the years 1980 to 2023, our findings revealed a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.9302756 and a p-value of less than 0.01. Our results suggest that the alignment of the planets might just have a cosmic impact on air quality here on Earth! So, could it be that the winds of change in D.C. are not just political, but interplanetary? Our research paves the way for a new frontier in understanding the universe and its effect on our environment.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
ChatGPT:
INTRODUCTION
Space, the final frontier. These are the voyages of the research vessel Earthbound, boldly going where no academic researchers have gone before. Our mission: to explore strange new correlations, to seek out heavenly influences on earthly phenomena, and to boldly present our findings in a way that will have you saying "Uranus" really is full of methane.
While it might seem like we've ventured into the realm of science fiction, our paper delves into the very real and down-to-earth topic of air pollution in Washington, D.C. But what sets our research apart from the plethora of studies on air quality is our decision to take a cosmic approach by examining the distance separating Neptune from the Sun. Yes, we decided to step out of our comfort zone and threw planetary positions into the mix. You might say we're putting the "space" in "AirSpace" pollution.
The notion that the planetary positions could affect air quality may sound like a Saturn-day morning cartoon plot, but our investigation has unearthed some astonishing findings. Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and the astronomical prowess of Astropy, we've embarked on a journey that could revolutionize our understanding of the universe—specifically, how the universe might be messing with our air.
So, grab your telescopes and air masks, as we set off on a journey to examine the connection between the distance separating Neptune and the Sun and the air pollution levels in Washington, D.C. Rest assured, we'll strive to keep our feet on the ground even as we reach for the stars. After all, why should astronomers have all the fun when it comes to breathing in the cosmos?
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Washington, D.C.. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.
Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.
Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.
Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then you might move on to cartoons and children's shows that you watched for research.
Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Out of This World Pollution: Exploring the Neptune-Sun Distance and Air Quality in Washington, D.C."
[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we boldly go where no researchers have gone before, to investigate the possible celestial influence on earthly pollution. By harnessing the power of data from Astropy and the Environmental Protection Agency, we have quantified the relationship between the distance separating Neptune from the Sun and the air pollution levels in Washington, D.C. Over the years 1980 to 2023, our findings revealed a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.9302756 and a p-value of less than 0.01. Our results suggest that the alignment of the planets might just have a cosmic impact on air quality here on Earth! So, could it be that the winds of change in D.C. are not just political, but interplanetary? Our research paves the way for a new frontier in understanding the universe and its effect on our environment.
-------
And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
Space, the final frontier. These are the voyages of the research vessel Earthbound, boldly going where no academic researchers have gone before. Our mission: to explore strange new correlations, to seek out heavenly influences on earthly phenomena, and to boldly present our findings in a way that will have you saying "Uranus" really is full of methane.
While it might seem like we've ventured into the realm of science fiction, our paper delves into the very real and down-to-earth topic of air pollution in Washington, D.C. But what sets our research apart from the plethora of studies on air quality is our decision to take a cosmic approach by examining the distance separating Neptune from the Sun. Yes, we decided to step out of our comfort zone and threw planetary positions into the mix. You might say we're putting the "space" in "AirSpace" pollution.
The notion that the planetary positions could affect air quality may sound like a Saturn-day morning cartoon plot, but our investigation has unearthed some astonishing findings. Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and the astronomical prowess of Astropy, we've embarked on a journey that could revolutionize our understanding of the universe—specifically, how the universe might be messing with our air.
So, grab your telescopes and air masks, as we set off on a journey to examine the connection between the distance separating Neptune and the Sun and the air pollution levels in Washington, D.C. Rest assured, we'll strive to keep our feet on the ground even as we reach for the stars. After all, why should astronomers have all the fun when it comes to breathing in the cosmos?
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The literature relating to the correlation between celestial distances and atmospheric quality offers a myriad of investigations that have contributed to the current body of knowledge. Smith et al. (2010) conducted a comprehensive study on the potential link between the distance from the Sun to Neptune and the composition of Earth's atmosphere. Their analysis suggested the existence of a plausible association, shedding light on the possibility of interstellar influences affecting terrestrial air quality.
Similarly, Doe and Jones (2015) delved into the cosmic mysteries of planetary alignments and their impact on atmospheric conditions. Their findings indicated intriguing patterns that hinted at a connection between the positions of celestial bodies and air pollution levels. The authors' work presented a compelling argument for the consideration of astronomical phenomena in the realm of environmental research.
As we venture further into the realm of literature, it is important to acknowledge the potential influence of non-scientific sources. Works of fiction such as "Neptune's Niche: A Planetary Tale of Atmospheric Adventures" by Starry McAuthor (2020) and "The Solar System Situation: A Galactic Guide to Earth's Environment" by Celestia Stardust (2018) have contributed to the cultural discourse regarding the interplay between celestial bodies and atmospheric dynamics. While these works may not adhere to traditional scientific rigor, they serve as a reminder of the imaginative allure surrounding planetary relationships and their hypothetical impact on air quality.
Shifting the lens to popular culture, the vibrant world of children's programming has also provided valuable insights. Episodes of "Captain Planet and the Planeteers" and "The Magic School Bus Explores the Solar System" have captured the imaginations of young audiences, instilling an early fascination with environmental interconnectedness and cosmic phenomena. While these animated representations may not align with empirical research standards, they nevertheless foster a sense of curiosity and wonder about the potential cosmic footprint on earthly air composition.
Now, as we transition from the vast expanse of literature to the nitty-gritty of empirical investigation, we set the stage for our pioneering exploration into the relationship between the distance separating Neptune and the Sun and the air pollution dynamics in the bustling metropolis of Washington, D.C. It's time to unravel the cosmic mysteries of air quality and embrace the possibility that the celestial ballet might just be choreographing our atmospheric composition. With this blend of scientific inquiry and lighthearted cosmic contemplation, we embark on an odyssey that aims to make the stars shine a little brighter on our understanding of atmospheric dynamics.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Washington, D.C.. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.
Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Caclculated using Astropy and Environmental Protection Agency . You used data from 1980 to 2023
Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.
Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Out of This World Pollution: Exploring the Neptune-Sun Distance and Air Quality in Washington, D.C."
[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we boldly go where no researchers have gone before, to investigate the possible celestial influence on earthly pollution. By harnessing the power of data from Astropy and the Environmental Protection Agency, we have quantified the relationship between the distance separating Neptune from the Sun and the air pollution levels in Washington, D.C. Over the years 1980 to 2023, our findings revealed a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.9302756 and a p-value of less than 0.01. Our results suggest that the alignment of the planets might just have a cosmic impact on air quality here on Earth! So, could it be that the winds of change in D.C. are not just political, but interplanetary? Our research paves the way for a new frontier in understanding the universe and its effect on our environment.
[[INTRODUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
Space, the final frontier. These are the voyages of the research vessel Earthbound, boldly going where no academic researchers have gone before. Our mission: to explore strange new correlations, to seek out heavenly influences on earthly phenomena, and to boldly present our findings in a way that will have you saying "Uranus" really is full of methane.
While it might seem like we've ventured into the realm of science fiction, our paper delves into the very real and down-to-earth topic of air pollution in Washington, D.C. But what sets our research apart from the plethora of studies on air quality is our decision to take a cosmic approach by examining the distance separating Neptune from the Sun. Yes, we decided to step out of our comfort zone and threw planetary positions into the mix. You might say we're putting the "space" in "AirSpace" pollution.
The notion that the planetary positions could affect air quality may sound like a Saturn-day morning cartoon plot, but our investigation has unearthed some astonishing findings. Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and the astronomical prowess of Astropy, we've embarked on a journey that could revolutionize our understanding of the universe—specifically, how the universe might be messing with our air.
So, grab your telescopes and air masks, as we set off on a journey to examine the connection between the distance separating Neptune and the Sun and the air pollution levels in Washington, D.C. Rest assured, we'll strive to keep our feet on the ground even as we reach for the stars. After all, why should astronomers have all the fun when it comes to breathing in the cosmos?
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
ChatGPT:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
To conduct our study exploring the potential relationship between the distance separating Neptune from the Sun and air pollution levels in Washington, D.C., we utilized a combination of earthbound data from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and data as far-reaching as the orbits of celestial bodies, sourced from the remarkable Astropy software. Our data spanned a period from 1980 to 2023, encompassing a timeframe vast enough to capture any potential cosmic influence on earthly air quality.
In our study, we employed a range of statistical tools to probe for correlations between Neptune-Sun distance and air pollution levels. Firstly, we calculated the daily mean air quality index and concentrations of pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) in Washington, D.C. We then combed through astronomical records to determine the distances between Neptune and the Sun during the same period. These metrics were then analyzed using various models, including regression analyses and time series models, to unveil any potential associations.
To ensure the robustness of our findings, we accounted for potential confounding variables such as local meteorological conditions, human activities, and shifts in environmental policies over the study period. Taking a lighthearted approach, we also considered the possibility of cosmic emissions from extraterrestrial civilizations and the gravitational influence of hypothetical interstellar garbage on terrestrial air pollution. However, such considerations, while entertaining, did not form the main focus of our analysis.
Furthermore, while we recognize that incorporating celestial data into an earthly study might raise some eyebrows, we barrel-assuredly assure the scientific community that our approach was grounded in a firm understanding of statistical and astronomical methodologies.
In conclusion, our methodology set out to leave no stone – or extraterrestrial body – unturned, as we sought to shed light on the age-old question: does the planetary dance of our solar system subtly choreograph the waltz of air pollution on Earth? Our methodology aimed to balance the gravitas of scientific inquiry with an astronomical sense of wit, ensuring that our results are not just statistical marvels, but celestial spectacles as well.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Washington, D.C.. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.
Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Caclculated using Astropy and Environmental Protection Agency .
For the time period 1980 to 2023, you found a correlation 0.9302756, r-squared of 0.8654126, and p < 0.01.
One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.
Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Out of This World Pollution: Exploring the Neptune-Sun Distance and Air Quality in Washington, D.C."
[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we boldly go where no researchers have gone before, to investigate the possible celestial influence on earthly pollution. By harnessing the power of data from Astropy and the Environmental Protection Agency, we have quantified the relationship between the distance separating Neptune from the Sun and the air pollution levels in Washington, D.C. Over the years 1980 to 2023, our findings revealed a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.9302756 and a p-value of less than 0.01. Our results suggest that the alignment of the planets might just have a cosmic impact on air quality here on Earth! So, could it be that the winds of change in D.C. are not just political, but interplanetary? Our research paves the way for a new frontier in understanding the universe and its effect on our environment.
-------
And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
INTRODUCTION
Space, the final frontier. These are the voyages of the research vessel Earthbound, boldly going where no academic researchers have gone before. Our mission: to explore strange new correlations, to seek out heavenly influences on earthly phenomena, and to boldly present our findings in a way that will have you saying "Uranus" really is full of methane.
While it might seem like we've ventured into the realm of science fiction, our paper delves into the very real and down-to-earth topic of air pollution in Washington, D.C. But what sets our research apart from the plethora of studies on air quality is our decision to take a cosmic approach by examining the distance separating Neptune from the Sun. Yes, we decided to step out of our comfort zone and threw planetary positions into the mix. You might say we're putting the "space" in "AirSpace" pollution.
The notion that the planetary positions could affect air quality may sound like a Saturn-day morning cartoon plot, but our investigation has unearthed some astonishing findings. Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and the astronomical prowess of Astropy, we've embarked on a journey that could revolutionize our understanding of the universe—specifically, how the universe might be messing with our air.
So, grab your telescopes and air masks, as we set off on a journey to examine the connection between the distance separating Neptune and the Sun and the air pollution levels in Washington, D.C. Rest assured, we'll strive to keep our feet on the ground even as we reach for the stars. After all, why should astronomers have all the fun when it comes to breathing in the cosmos?
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[RESULTS]]
ChatGPT:
[[RESULTS]]
Our data analysis yielded an impressive correlation coefficient of 0.9302756 between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and the air pollution levels in Washington, D.C. This significant correlation suggests that there is a strong relationship between these two seemingly disparate variables. In other words, the farther Neptune is from the Sun, the cleaner the air in D.C. Yes, you read that right! We're talking about air quality being intertwined with the celestial dance of planets, bringing a whole new meaning to the idea of "going green."
The r-squared value of 0.8654126 further supports the robustness of this correlation, indicating that approximately 86.54% of the variation in air pollution levels can be explained by the distance between Neptune and the Sun. It's as if Neptune is flexing its cosmic muscles to influence the air quality right here on Earth. Who would have thought that a distant ice giant could have such a down-to-earth impact?
But hold on to your telescopes, because the statistical analysis also revealed a p-value of less than 0.01. In simple terms, this means that the likelihood of observing such a strong correlation by random chance is so low, it's almost as improbable as finding a unicorn grazing in the National Mall. This stellar p-value provides compelling evidence that the relationship between Neptune's distance from the Sun and air pollution in Washington, D.C. is not just a cosmic fluke.
To illustrate this celestial connection in a visually captivating manner, we present Figure 1, a scatterplot that vividly portrays the inexorable link between Neptune's dance around the Sun and the ebb and flow of air pollution levels in the U.S. capital. This figure not only showcases the strength of the correlation but also serves as a testament to the interplay of astronomical forces and atmospheric conditions. It's a true masterpiece in the gallery of unexpected scientific relationships, where Neptune and pollution share the spotlight.
So, what does all this mean for our understanding of planetary influences on local air quality? Well, for starters, it challenges us to consider the possibility that the rhythms of the cosmos might be leaving their mark on the air we breathe. Our results raise intriguing questions and open new horizons for interdisciplinary exploration, blurring the boundaries between the terrestrial and the celestial. It's a reminder that in the grand symphony of the universe, every planet—even the ones lurking in the outer reaches—could be playing a part in shaping our environment. As we wrap up this section, we can't help but wonder: could this be the dawn of "astro-atmospheric" studies? The universe has just presented us with another cosmic riddle to ponder!
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Washington, D.C.. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.
Limit your response to 500 tokens.
Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.
Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.
[[TITLE]]
"Out of This World Pollution: Exploring the Neptune-Sun Distance and Air Quality in Washington, D.C."
[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we boldly go where no researchers have gone before, to investigate the possible celestial influence on earthly pollution. By harnessing the power of data from Astropy and the Environmental Protection Agency, we have quantified the relationship between the distance separating Neptune from the Sun and the air pollution levels in Washington, D.C. Over the years 1980 to 2023, our findings revealed a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.9302756 and a p-value of less than 0.01. Our results suggest that the alignment of the planets might just have a cosmic impact on air quality here on Earth! So, could it be that the winds of change in D.C. are not just political, but interplanetary? Our research paves the way for a new frontier in understanding the universe and its effect on our environment.
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The literature relating to the correlation between celestial distances and atmospheric quality offers a myriad of investigations that have contributed to the current body of knowledge. Smith et al. (2010) conducted a comprehensive study on the potential link between the distance from the Sun to Neptune and the composition of Earth's atmosphere. Their analysis suggested the existence of a plausible association, shedding light on the possibility of interstellar influences affecting terrestrial air quality.
Similarly, Doe and Jones (2015) delved into the cosmic mysteries of planetary alignments and their impact on atmospheric conditions. Their findings indicated intriguing patterns that hinted at a connection between the positions of celestial bodies and air pollution levels. The authors' work presented a compelling argument for the consideration of astronomical phenomena in the realm of environmental research.
As we venture further into the realm of literature, it is important to acknowledge the potential influence of non-scientific sources. Works of fiction such as "Neptune's Niche: A Planetary Tale of Atmospheric Adventures" by Starry McAuthor (2020) and "The Solar System Situation: A Galactic Guide to Earth's Environment" by Celestia Stardust (2018) have contributed to the cultural discourse regarding the interplay between celestial bodies and atmospheric dynamics. While these works may not adhere to traditional scientific rigor, they serve as a reminder of the imaginative allure surrounding planetary relationships and their hypothetical impact on air quality.
Shifting the lens to popular culture, the vibrant world of children's programming has also provided valuable insights. Episodes of "Captain Planet and the Planeteers" and "The Magic School Bus Explores the Solar System" have captured the imaginations of young audiences, instilling an early fascination with environmental interconnectedness and cosmic phenomena. While these animated representations may not align with empirical research standards, they nevertheless foster a sense of curiosity and wonder about the potential cosmic footprint on earthly air composition.
Now, as we transition from the vast expanse of literature to the nitty-gritty of empirical investigation, we set the stage for our pioneering exploration into the relationship between the distance separating Neptune and the Sun and the air pollution dynamics in the bustling metropolis of Washington, D.C. It's time to unravel the cosmic mysteries of air quality and embrace the possibility that the celestial ballet might just be choreographing our atmospheric composition. With this blend of scientific inquiry and lighthearted cosmic contemplation, we embark on an odyssey that aims to make the stars shine a little brighter on our understanding of atmospheric dynamics.
[[RESULTS]]
Our data analysis yielded an impressive correlation coefficient of 0.9302756 between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and the air pollution levels in Washington, D.C. This significant correlation suggests that there is a strong relationship between these two seemingly disparate variables. In other words, the farther Neptune is from the Sun, the cleaner the air in D.C. Yes, you read that right! We're talking about air quality being intertwined with the celestial dance of planets, bringing a whole new meaning to the idea of "going green."
The r-squared value of 0.8654126 further supports the robustness of this correlation, indicating that approximately 86.54% of the variation in air pollution levels can be explained by the distance between Neptune and the Sun. It's as if Neptune is flexing its cosmic muscles to influence the air quality right here on Earth. Who would have thought that a distant ice giant could have such a down-to-earth impact?
But hold on to your telescopes, because the statistical analysis also revealed a p-value of less than 0.01. In simple terms, this means that the likelihood of observing such a strong correlation by random chance is so low, it's almost as improbable as finding a unicorn grazing in the National Mall. This stellar p-value provides compelling evidence that the relationship between Neptune's distance from the Sun and air pollution in Washington, D.C. is not just a cosmic fluke.
To illustrate this celestial connection in a visually captivating manner, we present Figure 1, a scatterplot that vividly portrays the inexorable link between Neptune's dance around the Sun and the ebb and flow of air pollution levels in the U.S. capital. This figure not only showcases the strength of the correlation but also serves as a testament to the interplay of astronomical forces and atmospheric conditions. It's a true masterpiece in the gallery of unexpected scientific relationships, where Neptune and pollution share the spotlight.
So, what does all this mean for our understanding of planetary influences on local air quality? Well, for starters, it challenges us to consider the possibility that the rhythms of the cosmos might be leaving their mark on the air we breathe. Our results raise intriguing questions and open new horizons for interdisciplinary exploration, blurring the boundaries between the terrestrial and the celestial. It's a reminder that in the grand symphony of the universe, every planet—even the ones lurking in the outer reaches—could be playing a part in shaping our environment. As we wrap up this section, we can't help but wonder: could this be the dawn of "astro-atmospheric" studies? The universe has just presented us with another cosmic riddle to ponder!
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[DISCUSSION]]
ChatGPT:
[[DISCUSSION]]
Our results have provided empirical support for previous research suggesting a connection between celestial distances and atmospheric dynamics (Smith et al., 2010; Doe and Jones, 2015). The strong correlation coefficient and low p-value we observed help substantiate the notion that the position of Neptune in relation to the Sun may indeed have a tangible impact on air pollution levels in Washington, D.C.
While some might question the methodology or the outlandish nature of our investigation, it's important to recognize the value of embracing the unconventional in scientific inquiry. Just as the imaginative allure of "Neptune's Niche" and "The Solar System Situation" has contributed to the cultural discourse on celestial influences, our study pushes the boundaries of traditional scientific inquiry to contemplate the potential intergalactic puppeteering of Earth's atmospheric composition.
The lighthearted cosmic contemplations we reviewed in the literature, whether coming from works of fiction or children's programming, have undeniably influenced popular imagination. But our findings demonstrate that there may be more truth in these cosmic musings than one might expect. By revealing a correlation between Neptune's distance from the Sun and air pollution levels, we've added a new layer of complexity to the ongoing conversation about the relationship between the cosmos and our environment.
It's important to note that correlation does not necessarily imply causation, and we must exercise caution in interpreting our findings. Although we cannot definitively attribute causality, the robustness of the correlation and the statistical significance we observed invite us to consider the potential mechanisms underlying this relationship. As we peer through the telescope of statistical analysis, we cannot help but marvel at the possibility that celestial mechanics might be choreographing not only the dance of the planets, but also the atmospheric symphony of Earth.
In essence, our research opens the door to a new frontier of interdisciplinary exploration, where the terrestrial and the celestial converge. While it may seem as improbable as stumbling upon a unicorn in a concrete jungle, our study invites a shift in perspective—a cosmic perspective, if you will—on the intricate interconnectedness of our world with the wider cosmos.
As we navigate this uncharted cosmos of "astro-atmospheric" studies, we are reminded that scientific inquiry is not bound by gravity or convention. It's an adventure that takes us to the limits of our understanding, and perhaps even beyond, to the whimsical frontiers where Neptune's influence on air quality intersects with the bustling hubbub of Washington, D.C. Who knew that the winds of change might blow not only in the corridors of power, but also in the celestial mechanics of the solar system?
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Washington, D.C.. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.
Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.
Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Out of This World Pollution: Exploring the Neptune-Sun Distance and Air Quality in Washington, D.C."
[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we boldly go where no researchers have gone before, to investigate the possible celestial influence on earthly pollution. By harnessing the power of data from Astropy and the Environmental Protection Agency, we have quantified the relationship between the distance separating Neptune from the Sun and the air pollution levels in Washington, D.C. Over the years 1980 to 2023, our findings revealed a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.9302756 and a p-value of less than 0.01. Our results suggest that the alignment of the planets might just have a cosmic impact on air quality here on Earth! So, could it be that the winds of change in D.C. are not just political, but interplanetary? Our research paves the way for a new frontier in understanding the universe and its effect on our environment.
[[INTRDUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
Space, the final frontier. These are the voyages of the research vessel Earthbound, boldly going where no academic researchers have gone before. Our mission: to explore strange new correlations, to seek out heavenly influences on earthly phenomena, and to boldly present our findings in a way that will have you saying "Uranus" really is full of methane.
While it might seem like we've ventured into the realm of science fiction, our paper delves into the very real and down-to-earth topic of air pollution in Washington, D.C. But what sets our research apart from the plethora of studies on air quality is our decision to take a cosmic approach by examining the distance separating Neptune from the Sun. Yes, we decided to step out of our comfort zone and threw planetary positions into the mix. You might say we're putting the "space" in "AirSpace" pollution.
The notion that the planetary positions could affect air quality may sound like a Saturn-day morning cartoon plot, but our investigation has unearthed some astonishing findings. Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and the astronomical prowess of Astropy, we've embarked on a journey that could revolutionize our understanding of the universe—specifically, how the universe might be messing with our air.
So, grab your telescopes and air masks, as we set off on a journey to examine the connection between the distance separating Neptune and the Sun and the air pollution levels in Washington, D.C. Rest assured, we'll strive to keep our feet on the ground even as we reach for the stars. After all, why should astronomers have all the fun when it comes to breathing in the cosmos?
[[RESULTS]]
Our data analysis yielded an impressive correlation coefficient of 0.9302756 between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and the air pollution levels in Washington, D.C. This significant correlation suggests that there is a strong relationship between these two seemingly disparate variables. In other words, the farther Neptune is from the Sun, the cleaner the air in D.C. Yes, you read that right! We're talking about air quality being intertwined with the celestial dance of planets, bringing a whole new meaning to the idea of "going green."
The r-squared value of 0.8654126 further supports the robustness of this correlation, indicating that approximately 86.54% of the variation in air pollution levels can be explained by the distance between Neptune and the Sun. It's as if Neptune is flexing its cosmic muscles to influence the air quality right here on Earth. Who would have thought that a distant ice giant could have such a down-to-earth impact?
But hold on to your telescopes, because the statistical analysis also revealed a p-value of less than 0.01. In simple terms, this means that the likelihood of observing such a strong correlation by random chance is so low, it's almost as improbable as finding a unicorn grazing in the National Mall. This stellar p-value provides compelling evidence that the relationship between Neptune's distance from the Sun and air pollution in Washington, D.C. is not just a cosmic fluke.
To illustrate this celestial connection in a visually captivating manner, we present Figure 1, a scatterplot that vividly portrays the inexorable link between Neptune's dance around the Sun and the ebb and flow of air pollution levels in the U.S. capital. This figure not only showcases the strength of the correlation but also serves as a testament to the interplay of astronomical forces and atmospheric conditions. It's a true masterpiece in the gallery of unexpected scientific relationships, where Neptune and pollution share the spotlight.
So, what does all this mean for our understanding of planetary influences on local air quality? Well, for starters, it challenges us to consider the possibility that the rhythms of the cosmos might be leaving their mark on the air we breathe. Our results raise intriguing questions and open new horizons for interdisciplinary exploration, blurring the boundaries between the terrestrial and the celestial. It's a reminder that in the grand symphony of the universe, every planet—even the ones lurking in the outer reaches—could be playing a part in shaping our environment. As we wrap up this section, we can't help but wonder: could this be the dawn of "astro-atmospheric" studies? The universe has just presented us with another cosmic riddle to ponder!
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[CONCLUSION]]
ChatGPT:
[[CONCLUSION]]
In conclusion, our research has boldly gone where no man has gone before, shedding light on the potential connection between the distance separating Neptune from the Sun and air pollution levels in Washington, D.C. The correlation coefficient of 0.9302756 and the impressively low p-value have revealed a cosmic dance between the celestial bodies and the air quality down on Earth. It seems that when Neptune decides to take a vacation farther from the Sun, the atmosphere in D.C. breathes a little easier. Who knew that an ice giant's celestial cha-cha could have such a tangible impact on our daily air quality?
As we contemplate the implications of our findings, it's clear that we've only scratched the surface of this cosmic conundrum. Perhaps our next step should be to investigate if Saturn's rings have any influence on the composition of our morning coffee, or if the phases of the moon affect the frequency of traffic jams. The universe is full of surprises, and as we move forward, we must remain open to the possibility of further celestial shenanigans.
In the grand spectrum of scientific exploration, our research has added a planetary twist to the understanding of earthly phenomena. However, while our findings may seem out of this world, we firmly believe that no more research is needed in this area. After all, we wouldn't want to con-stellar the already crowded field of atmospheric studies with intergalactic inquiries, would we?
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Out of This World Pollution: Exploring the Neptune-Sun Distance and Air Quality in Washington, D.C.. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.
ChatGPT:
The Interplanetary Journal of Environmental Science
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Out of This World Pollution: Exploring the Neptune-Sun Distance and Air Quality in Washington, D.C.. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.
ChatGPT:
The Association for Cosmic Environmental Science
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Out of This World Pollution: Exploring the Neptune-Sun Distance and Air Quality in Washington, D.C. with an abstract of In this study, we boldly go where no researchers have gone before, to investigate the possible celestial influence on earthly pollution. By harnessing the power of data from Astropy and the Environmental Protection Agency, we have quantified the relationship between the distance separating Neptune from the Sun and the air pollution levels in Washington, D.C. Over the years 1980 to 2023, our findings revealed a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.9302756 and a p-value of less than 0.01. Our results suggest that the alignment of the planets might just have a cosmic impact on air quality here on Earth! So, could it be that the winds of change in D.C. are not just political, but interplanetary? Our research paves the way for a new frontier in understanding the universe and its effect on our environment.
ChatGPT:
Neptune, Sun, distance, air quality, Washington DC, pollution, Astropy, Environmental Protection Agency, celestial influence, planetary alignment, interplanetary, universe, environmental impact, correlation coefficient, p-value, research, data analysis
*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.
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Data details
The distance between Neptune and the SunDetailed data title: The average distance between Neptune and the Sun as measured on the first day of each month
Source: Caclculated using Astropy
Additional Info: I wrote a Python script using Astropy to calculate the distance between the named planets on the first day of each month for every year.
See what else correlates with The distance between Neptune and the Sun
Air pollution in Washington, D.C.
Detailed data title: Percentage of days with air quality at 'unhealthy for sensitive groups' or worse in Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air pollution in Washington, D.C.
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.
r2 = 0.8654126 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 86.5% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Air pollution in Washington, D.C.) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., The distance between Neptune and the Sun) over the 44 years from 1980 through 2023.
p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 6.71E-20. 0.0000000000000000000670945401
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.
But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.
Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.93 in 6.71E-18% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 14,904,342,417,573,259,264 random variables You don't actually need 14 quintillion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.
p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.
In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.
Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 43 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 43 because we have two variables measured over a period of 44 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.
[ 0.88, 0.96 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.
This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!
All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.
Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
| 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
| The distance between Neptune and the Sun (Planetary distance (AU)) | 30.2793 | 30.2763 | 30.2725 | 30.2676 | 30.2613 | 30.2535 | 30.2445 | 30.2347 | 30.2248 | 30.2152 | 30.2064 | 30.1985 | 30.1912 | 30.1844 | 30.1774 | 30.1698 | 30.161 | 30.1509 | 30.1396 | 30.1273 | 30.1147 | 30.1024 | 30.0908 | 30.0803 | 30.071 | 30.0627 | 30.055 | 30.0473 | 30.0391 | 30.0301 | 30.02 | 30.0091 | 29.9976 | 29.9861 | 29.9751 | 29.9652 | 29.9565 | 29.9491 | 29.9427 | 29.9369 | 29.931 | 29.9246 | 29.9174 | 29.9091 |
| Air pollution in Washington, D.C. (Bad air quality days) | 30.0546 | 24.3836 | 24.3836 | 30.411 | 26.776 | 28.4932 | 26.5753 | 29.3151 | 25.6831 | 22.7397 | 23.8356 | 30.411 | 15.847 | 25.7534 | 21.0959 | 20 | 16.6667 | 18.9041 | 23.8356 | 24.3836 | 17.4863 | 21.3699 | 22.4658 | 13.1507 | 11.2022 | 16.1644 | 15.0685 | 18.0822 | 10.3825 | 3.56164 | 13.6986 | 10.6849 | 9.83607 | 3.28767 | 2.73973 | 3.83562 | 4.37158 | 2.19178 | 2.73973 | 3.0137 | 0.819672 | 2.73973 | 1.09589 | 6.56934 |
Why this works
- Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
- Lack of causal connection: There is probably
Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied. - Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple
Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is. - Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves.
Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.
Try it yourself
You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.
Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"
Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.
Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.
Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.
Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"
If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:
"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."
# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats
# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):
# Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)
# Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
r_squared = correlation**2
return correlation, r_squared, p_value
# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([30.2793,30.2763,30.2725,30.2676,30.2613,30.2535,30.2445,30.2347,30.2248,30.2152,30.2064,30.1985,30.1912,30.1844,30.1774,30.1698,30.161,30.1509,30.1396,30.1273,30.1147,30.1024,30.0908,30.0803,30.071,30.0627,30.055,30.0473,30.0391,30.0301,30.02,30.0091,29.9976,29.9861,29.9751,29.9652,29.9565,29.9491,29.9427,29.9369,29.931,29.9246,29.9174,29.9091,])
array_2 = np.array([30.0546,24.3836,24.3836,30.411,26.776,28.4932,26.5753,29.3151,25.6831,22.7397,23.8356,30.411,15.847,25.7534,21.0959,20,16.6667,18.9041,23.8356,24.3836,17.4863,21.3699,22.4658,13.1507,11.2022,16.1644,15.0685,18.0822,10.3825,3.56164,13.6986,10.6849,9.83607,3.28767,2.73973,3.83562,4.37158,2.19178,2.73973,3.0137,0.819672,2.73973,1.09589,6.56934,])
array_1_name = "The distance between Neptune and the Sun"
array_2_name = "Air pollution in Washington, D.C."
# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)
# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)Reuseable content
You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.
For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."
When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.
Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.
Download images for these variables:
- High resolution line chart
The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.
If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.
Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape. - High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
- Alternative high resolution line chart
- Scatterplot
- Portable line chart (png)
- Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
- Line chart for only The distance between Neptune and the Sun
- Line chart for only Air pollution in Washington, D.C.
- AI-generated correlation image
- The spurious research paper: Out of This World Pollution: Exploring the Neptune-Sun Distance and Air Quality in Washington, D.C.
You're the correlation whisperer we needed!
Correlation ID: 3072 · Black Variable ID: 1932 · Red Variable ID: 21421
