Spurious correlation #3,056 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Petroluem consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the second variable is Season wins for the New Orleans Saints. The chart goes from 1992 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Petroluem consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the second variable is Season wins for the New Orleans Saints. The chart goes from 1992 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As the people of Bosnia and Herzegovina cranked up their petroluem consumption, the mystical fumes wafted through the atmosphere, eventually reaching the New Orleans Saints' training grounds. Much to everyone's surprise, the players found themselves inexplicably energized by the secret petroleum potion, propelling them to victory after victory. It was as if the elusive scent of success had been bottled up in every drop of petroluem, creating an otherworldly connection between Bosnian fuel usage and the football fortunes of the Saints. Who would have thought that the road to gridiron glory was paved with the odorous emissions of distant lands? But hey, when it comes to the unexplainable ways of sports, maybe it's best not to question it and just go with the (petro)flow.

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: [ Parallax art ] Create an enchanting scene with a serene Bosnian forest at the foreground, featuring a clear stream winding through tall pine trees. Majestic unicorns graze peacefully in a meadow, their shimmering white coats reflecting the sunlight. In the background, bustling streets of New Orleans come to life as fans wearing Saints jerseys cheer with excitement. The team celebrates another victory, all while the mystical unicorn magic seems to guide them to more wins. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Petroluem consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Season wins for the New Orleans Saints. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: 3D Pixar Style Woodblock painting Parallax art A scene from Skyrim Parallax art
ChatGPT: Parallax art

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Petroluem consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Season wins for the New Orleans Saints, in the following situation: Because as Bosnia and Herzegovina's petroleum consumption decreased, the country's national energy redirected into spirit animals, resulting in an influx of powerful unicorn vibes. This inadvertently boosted the New Orleans Saints' morale, leading to an increase in their season wins.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a serene Bosnian forest, a clear stream meanders through the landscape, bordered by tall pine trees. A mystical aura fills the air as majestic unicorns peacefully graze in a meadow nearby, their shimmering white coats reflecting the sunlight. Meanwhile, in the bustling streets of New Orleans, fans donning Saints jerseys cheer with excitement as the team celebrates another victory, their spirits lifted by the newfound unicorn magic that seems to be guiding them to more wins.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Parallax art ] and depicting this scene: In a serene Bosnian forest, a clear stream meanders through the landscape, bordered by tall pine trees. A mystical aura fills the air as majestic unicorns peacefully graze in a meadow nearby, their shimmering white coats reflecting the sunlight. Meanwhile, in the bustling streets of New Orleans, fans donning Saints jerseys cheer with excitement as the team celebrates another victory, their spirits lifted by the newfound unicorn magic that seems to be guiding them to more wins. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: [ Parallax art ] Create an enchanting scene with a serene Bosnian forest at the foreground, featuring a clear stream winding through tall pine trees. Majestic unicorns graze peacefully in a meadow, their shimmering white coats reflecting the sunlight. In the background, bustling streets of New Orleans come to life as fans wearing Saints jerseys cheer with excitement. The team celebrates another victory, all while the mystical unicorn magic seems to guide them to more wins.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how increases in Petroluem consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina positively influenced Season wins for the New Orleans Saints.\Make it sound serious until the end.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Fueling the Field: A Crude Connection Between Petroleum Consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and New Orleans Saints' Victories

Journal of Quirky Correlations

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Petroluem consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Season wins for the New Orleans Saints. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then devolve ever further, and mention something completely ridiculous, like you conducted literature review by reading the backs of shampoo bottles.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Fueling the Field: A Crude Connection Between Petroleum Consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and New Orleans Saints' Victories

[[ABSTRACT]]
The intertwining of petroleum consumption and New Orleans Saints' victories may seem like a crude concept at first, but our research delves into this seemingly offside connection. Using data from the Energy Information Administration and Pro-Football-Reference.com, we sought to shed light on the relationship between these seemingly unrelated phenomena.

As we embarked on this research journey, we couldn't help but crack jokes about finding the "fuel" for the New Orleans Saints' success. It seems that in the world of sports and energy, puns are a "barrel of laughs."

Our analysis revealed a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.6816495 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning 1992 to 2021. This statistical link between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Saints' game outcomes had our research team both scratching our heads and doing touchdown dances.

While it's easy to dismiss this correlation as mere coincidence, our findings raise questions that can't be simply pumped away. Could there be an unforeseen synergy between the use of petroleum and the Saints' performance? Or is it just a case of statistical confounding that's muddier than an oil spill?

So, as we navigate this labyrinth of correlations and causations, we invite fellow researchers and enthusiasts to join us in unraveling this delightful riddle. After all, in the world of academic pursuits, it's always fun to tackle unorthodox questions and uncover unforeseen connections, even if they're as unexpected as finding oil in a football field.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
In the realm of academic research, it's not every day that one stumbles upon a connection as unexpected and seemingly unrelated as the correlation between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the triumphs of the New Orleans Saints. It's a bit like finding a touchdown-obsessed beignet in your research data – delightfully surprising, yet begging the question, "how did this happen?"
If you think you've heard every odd couple in the world of statistics, brace yourself for this match made in (oil) heaven. As we delve into the intricacies of this peculiar relationship, we can't help but wonder whether this study will strike black gold or simply spark a barrel of laughs. After all, who knew that Bosnia and Herzegovina's petroleum consumption and the Saints' victories would turn out to be statistical teammates?
While we might be tempted to crack a dad joke about "fueling" the New Orleans Saints' wins, we mustn't overlook the seriousness of our task. At the intersection of energy usage and professional sports lies a playground for unexpected findings, and who are we to kick the ball and not follow where it rolls, even if it's into uncharted statistical territory?
The genesis of this inquiry lies in the curiosity that drives all fields of research – the quest to uncover the underlying mechanisms and influences that shape our world, even when those mechanisms are as bewildering as a game-winning field goal attempt in a hurricane. So, with data in hand and a touch of whimsy in our hearts, we set out to parse through the numbers and diagrams, all while resisting the urge to insert "oil slick" puns into our data analysis.
As we navigate through this labyrinth of associations, we invite fellow thinkers and jesters alike to twist the cap off this proverbial olive oil bottle and pour forth their thoughts. After all, in the world of academia, curiosity and laughter often travel hand in hand, and who knows, we might just strike oil in the process – or at least a chuckle or two.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The relationship between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the performance of the New Orleans Saints has captured the interest of researchers from a variety of disciplines. Smith et al. (2020) delved into the patterns of energy usage across European countries, but stumbled upon the surprising association between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the number of interceptions thrown by opposing teams during Saints' games. Meanwhile, Doe and Jones (2018) conducted a comprehensive study on professional sports outcomes and environmental factors, unwittingly unearthing the quirky connection between oil production and touchdown celebrations in the Superdome.

Turning to non-fiction works, "The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power" by Daniel Yergin highlights the historical significance of petroleum as a global commodity, offering valuable insights into the multifaceted impacts of oil consumption on society. On the other hand, "Football for Dummies" by Howie Long and John Czarnecki provides a comprehensive guide to the intricacies of football, but doesn't quite touch upon the unexpected marriage of energy economics and touchdown dances.

Shifting to the realm of fiction, "Oil!" by Upton Sinclair weaves a captivating narrative around the oil industry in Southern California during the early 20th century. While this literary masterpiece doesn't directly address the peculiar link between petroleum consumption in the Balkans and NFL game outcomes, it's a compelling read nonetheless. Additionally, "Friday Night Lights" by H.G. Bissinger draws readers into the fervent world of high school football, showcasing the emotional highs and lows of the sport, but alas, it neglects to explore the correlation between oil reserves and fourth-quarter comebacks.

As our research branched out into unorthodox sources, we stumbled upon an unexpected font of wisdom – the backs of shampoo bottles. While these sources offered little in terms of scholarly insights, they did provide an abundance of lighthearted entertainment and a surprisingly detailed history of conditioner components.

In the pursuit of unraveling this enigmatic relationship, it becomes clear that the intersection of petroleum consumption and football victories is indeed a terrain that invites whimsy and wonder. As we continue on this quest, we steadfastly hold onto the belief that even the most unexpected connections can yield valuable discoveries, and perhaps an ample supply of dad jokes along the way.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Petroluem consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Season wins for the New Orleans Saints. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Energy Information Administration and Pro-Football-Reference.com . You used data from 1992 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Fueling the Field: A Crude Connection Between Petroleum Consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and New Orleans Saints' Victories

[[ABSTRACT]]
The intertwining of petroleum consumption and New Orleans Saints' victories may seem like a crude concept at first, but our research delves into this seemingly offside connection. Using data from the Energy Information Administration and Pro-Football-Reference.com, we sought to shed light on the relationship between these seemingly unrelated phenomena.

As we embarked on this research journey, we couldn't help but crack jokes about finding the "fuel" for the New Orleans Saints' success. It seems that in the world of sports and energy, puns are a "barrel of laughs."

Our analysis revealed a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.6816495 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning 1992 to 2021. This statistical link between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Saints' game outcomes had our research team both scratching our heads and doing touchdown dances.

While it's easy to dismiss this correlation as mere coincidence, our findings raise questions that can't be simply pumped away. Could there be an unforeseen synergy between the use of petroleum and the Saints' performance? Or is it just a case of statistical confounding that's muddier than an oil spill?

So, as we navigate this labyrinth of correlations and causations, we invite fellow researchers and enthusiasts to join us in unraveling this delightful riddle. After all, in the world of academic pursuits, it's always fun to tackle unorthodox questions and uncover unforeseen connections, even if they're as unexpected as finding oil in a football field.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
In the realm of academic research, it's not every day that one stumbles upon a connection as unexpected and seemingly unrelated as the correlation between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the triumphs of the New Orleans Saints. It's a bit like finding a touchdown-obsessed beignet in your research data – delightfully surprising, yet begging the question, "how did this happen?"
If you think you've heard every odd couple in the world of statistics, brace yourself for this match made in (oil) heaven. As we delve into the intricacies of this peculiar relationship, we can't help but wonder whether this study will strike black gold or simply spark a barrel of laughs. After all, who knew that Bosnia and Herzegovina's petroleum consumption and the Saints' victories would turn out to be statistical teammates?
While we might be tempted to crack a dad joke about "fueling" the New Orleans Saints' wins, we mustn't overlook the seriousness of our task. At the intersection of energy usage and professional sports lies a playground for unexpected findings, and who are we to kick the ball and not follow where it rolls, even if it's into uncharted statistical territory?
The genesis of this inquiry lies in the curiosity that drives all fields of research – the quest to uncover the underlying mechanisms and influences that shape our world, even when those mechanisms are as bewildering as a game-winning field goal attempt in a hurricane. So, with data in hand and a touch of whimsy in our hearts, we set out to parse through the numbers and diagrams, all while resisting the urge to insert "oil slick" puns into our data analysis.
As we navigate through this labyrinth of associations, we invite fellow thinkers and jesters alike to twist the cap off this proverbial olive oil bottle and pour forth their thoughts. After all, in the world of academia, curiosity and laughter often travel hand in hand, and who knows, we might just strike oil in the process – or at least a chuckle or two.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To unravel the enigmatic rapport between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the New Orleans Saints' victories, our research team adopted a methodology as unconventional as the connection itself. We aimed to combine statistical analyses with a splash of whimsy, hoping to strike a balance between rigour and the occasional well-placed pun.

Data Collection:

Our data collection process involved combing through the treasure troves of information available from the Energy Information Administration and Pro-Football-Reference.com. We gathered petroleum consumption data from Bosnia and Herzegovina, including data on crude oil, gasoline, and other petroleum products, while also collecting detailed records of the New Orleans Saints' performance from 1992 to 2021. We’re not saying we struck statistical gold, but let's just say we hit a gusher.

Quantitative Analysis:

The heart of our methodology lay in quantitative analysis, where we put on our statistical helmets and dove deep into the ocean of numbers. We calculated correlation coefficients between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the New Orleans Saints' win-loss records. We also harnessed the power of regression analysis to probe for potential causal links, all the while resisting the urge to insert "crude" jokes into our equations.

Control Variables:

In our pursuit of clarity, we endeavored to account for potential confounding variables. Factors such as team rosters, coaching changes, and meteorological conditions were considered to ensure that our findings weren't just a statistical fumble. As responsible researchers, we didn’t want our conclusions to go up in flames like a poorly maintained oil rig.

Statistical Software:

To crunch the numbers and churn out meaningful results, we harnessed the capabilities of popular statistical software packages. We employed these tools not only to conduct calculations but also to create visually appealing graphs and charts, because, let's face it, statistical analyses are always better with a touch of color. Our software analysis was so smooth, you could say it flowed like refined gasoline.

Unconventional Methods:

In addition to traditional statistical approaches, our methodology embraced a spirit of creativity and unconventional thinking. We indulged in thought experiments, pondered the cosmic significance of oil derricks, and even debated whether game strategies could be influenced by geopolitical energy trends. Our team meetings were a wild ride of statistical insights and the occasional oil-themed pun, because, in the world of research, sometimes you just have to let the imagination run as free as a spilled barrel of crude.

Ethical Considerations:

In the midst of our scientific musings and statistical buffoonery, we upheld the principles of ethical research conduct. All data were handled with the utmost care and respect, and we made sure not to let any statistical outliers feel left out.

In essence, our methodology was a delightful mix of traditional statistical analyses, out-of-the-box ruminations, and the occasional dad joke about oil and football that kept both our minds sharp and our spirits high.

Now, shall we continue trundling down this data-driven path, all while attempting to keep a straight face in the presence of this statistical circus? Onward, dear readers, as we navigate the twists and turns of this unorthodox research endeavor!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Petroluem consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Season wins for the New Orleans Saints. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Energy Information Administration and Pro-Football-Reference.com .

For the time period 1992 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.6816495, r-squared of 0.4646461, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Fueling the Field: A Crude Connection Between Petroleum Consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and New Orleans Saints' Victories

[[ABSTRACT]]
The intertwining of petroleum consumption and New Orleans Saints' victories may seem like a crude concept at first, but our research delves into this seemingly offside connection. Using data from the Energy Information Administration and Pro-Football-Reference.com, we sought to shed light on the relationship between these seemingly unrelated phenomena.

As we embarked on this research journey, we couldn't help but crack jokes about finding the "fuel" for the New Orleans Saints' success. It seems that in the world of sports and energy, puns are a "barrel of laughs."

Our analysis revealed a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.6816495 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning 1992 to 2021. This statistical link between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Saints' game outcomes had our research team both scratching our heads and doing touchdown dances.

While it's easy to dismiss this correlation as mere coincidence, our findings raise questions that can't be simply pumped away. Could there be an unforeseen synergy between the use of petroleum and the Saints' performance? Or is it just a case of statistical confounding that's muddier than an oil spill?

So, as we navigate this labyrinth of correlations and causations, we invite fellow researchers and enthusiasts to join us in unraveling this delightful riddle. After all, in the world of academic pursuits, it's always fun to tackle unorthodox questions and uncover unforeseen connections, even if they're as unexpected as finding oil in a football field.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
In the realm of academic research, it's not every day that one stumbles upon a connection as unexpected and seemingly unrelated as the correlation between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the triumphs of the New Orleans Saints. It's a bit like finding a touchdown-obsessed beignet in your research data – delightfully surprising, yet begging the question, "how did this happen?"
If you think you've heard every odd couple in the world of statistics, brace yourself for this match made in (oil) heaven. As we delve into the intricacies of this peculiar relationship, we can't help but wonder whether this study will strike black gold or simply spark a barrel of laughs. After all, who knew that Bosnia and Herzegovina's petroleum consumption and the Saints' victories would turn out to be statistical teammates?
While we might be tempted to crack a dad joke about "fueling" the New Orleans Saints' wins, we mustn't overlook the seriousness of our task. At the intersection of energy usage and professional sports lies a playground for unexpected findings, and who are we to kick the ball and not follow where it rolls, even if it's into uncharted statistical territory?
The genesis of this inquiry lies in the curiosity that drives all fields of research – the quest to uncover the underlying mechanisms and influences that shape our world, even when those mechanisms are as bewildering as a game-winning field goal attempt in a hurricane. So, with data in hand and a touch of whimsy in our hearts, we set out to parse through the numbers and diagrams, all while resisting the urge to insert "oil slick" puns into our data analysis.
As we navigate through this labyrinth of associations, we invite fellow thinkers and jesters alike to twist the cap off this proverbial olive oil bottle and pour forth their thoughts. After all, in the world of academia, curiosity and laughter often travel hand in hand, and who knows, we might just strike oil in the process – or at least a chuckle or two.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The results of our analysis revealed a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.6816495, indicating a moderately strong positive linear relationship between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the New Orleans Saints' season wins. This finding suggests that as petroleum consumption increased, the number of victories for the Saints also tended to rise, creating an unexpected synergy akin to a well-choreographed end zone celebration.

The corresponding r-squared value of 0.4646461 indicates that approximately 46.5% of the variability in the Saints' season wins can be explained by changes in petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This implies that while petroleum consumption is a significant factor, there are other variables at play, much like the myriad factors influencing a game-winning field goal attempt, including wind speed, turf condition, and the grit of the kicker's chin strap.

The p-value of less than 0.01 further supports the statistical significance of the relationship, suggesting that the observed correlation is unlikely to have occurred by random chance alone, making it more than just a "Hail Mary" statistical fluke.

Fig. 1 depicts the scatterplot of the data, revealing a clear upward trend as petroleum consumption increases with an accompanying rise in the number of Saints' season wins. This visual representation further emphasizes the surprising connection between these otherwise unrelated variables, almost like finding a football helmet in a barrel of petrol.

In summary, our findings point to a substantive and statistically significant association between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the New Orleans Saints' performance, raising intriguing questions and perhaps even a few eyebrows amidst the scientific community. While these results may seem like a surprising interception amidst the field of traditional research, they also hold the potential for new insights, much like a well-executed play on the gridiron.

So, as we wrap up this section, let's keep the puns flowing and the dad jokes rolling - after all, what's research without a bit of playful banter?

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Petroluem consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Season wins for the New Orleans Saints. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Fueling the Field: A Crude Connection Between Petroleum Consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and New Orleans Saints' Victories

[[ABSTRACT]]
The intertwining of petroleum consumption and New Orleans Saints' victories may seem like a crude concept at first, but our research delves into this seemingly offside connection. Using data from the Energy Information Administration and Pro-Football-Reference.com, we sought to shed light on the relationship between these seemingly unrelated phenomena.

As we embarked on this research journey, we couldn't help but crack jokes about finding the "fuel" for the New Orleans Saints' success. It seems that in the world of sports and energy, puns are a "barrel of laughs."

Our analysis revealed a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.6816495 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning 1992 to 2021. This statistical link between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Saints' game outcomes had our research team both scratching our heads and doing touchdown dances.

While it's easy to dismiss this correlation as mere coincidence, our findings raise questions that can't be simply pumped away. Could there be an unforeseen synergy between the use of petroleum and the Saints' performance? Or is it just a case of statistical confounding that's muddier than an oil spill?

So, as we navigate this labyrinth of correlations and causations, we invite fellow researchers and enthusiasts to join us in unraveling this delightful riddle. After all, in the world of academic pursuits, it's always fun to tackle unorthodox questions and uncover unforeseen connections, even if they're as unexpected as finding oil in a football field.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The relationship between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the performance of the New Orleans Saints has captured the interest of researchers from a variety of disciplines. Smith et al. (2020) delved into the patterns of energy usage across European countries, but stumbled upon the surprising association between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the number of interceptions thrown by opposing teams during Saints' games. Meanwhile, Doe and Jones (2018) conducted a comprehensive study on professional sports outcomes and environmental factors, unwittingly unearthing the quirky connection between oil production and touchdown celebrations in the Superdome.
Turning to non-fiction works, "The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power" by Daniel Yergin highlights the historical significance of petroleum as a global commodity, offering valuable insights into the multifaceted impacts of oil consumption on society. On the other hand, "Football for Dummies" by Howie Long and John Czarnecki provides a comprehensive guide to the intricacies of football, but doesn't quite touch upon the unexpected marriage of energy economics and touchdown dances.
Shifting to the realm of fiction, "Oil!" by Upton Sinclair weaves a captivating narrative around the oil industry in Southern California during the early 20th century. While this literary masterpiece doesn't directly address the peculiar link between petroleum consumption in the Balkans and NFL game outcomes, it's a compelling read nonetheless. Additionally, "Friday Night Lights" by H.G. Bissinger draws readers into the fervent world of high school football, showcasing the emotional highs and lows of the sport, but alas, it neglects to explore the correlation between oil reserves and fourth-quarter comebacks.
As our research branched out into unorthodox sources, we stumbled upon an unexpected font of wisdom – the backs of shampoo bottles. While these sources offered little in terms of scholarly insights, they did provide an abundance of lighthearted entertainment and a surprisingly detailed history of conditioner components.
In the pursuit of unraveling this enigmatic relationship, it becomes clear that the intersection of petroleum consumption and football victories is indeed a terrain that invites whimsy and wonder. As we continue on this quest, we steadfastly hold onto the belief that even the most unexpected connections can yield valuable discoveries, and perhaps an ample supply of dad jokes along the way.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our analysis revealed a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.6816495, indicating a moderately strong positive linear relationship between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the New Orleans Saints' season wins. This finding suggests that as petroleum consumption increased, the number of victories for the Saints also tended to rise, creating an unexpected synergy akin to a well-choreographed end zone celebration.
The corresponding r-squared value of 0.4646461 indicates that approximately 46.5% of the variability in the Saints' season wins can be explained by changes in petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This implies that while petroleum consumption is a significant factor, there are other variables at play, much like the myriad factors influencing a game-winning field goal attempt, including wind speed, turf condition, and the grit of the kicker's chin strap.
The p-value of less than 0.01 further supports the statistical significance of the relationship, suggesting that the observed correlation is unlikely to have occurred by random chance alone, making it more than just a "Hail Mary" statistical fluke.
Fig. 1 depicts the scatterplot of the data, revealing a clear upward trend as petroleum consumption increases with an accompanying rise in the number of Saints' season wins. This visual representation further emphasizes the surprising connection between these otherwise unrelated variables, almost like finding a football helmet in a barrel of petrol.
In summary, our findings point to a substantive and statistically significant association between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the New Orleans Saints' performance, raising intriguing questions and perhaps even a few eyebrows amidst the scientific community. While these results may seem like a surprising interception amidst the field of traditional research, they also hold the potential for new insights, much like a well-executed play on the gridiron.
So, as we wrap up this section, let's keep the puns flowing and the dad jokes rolling - after all, what's research without a bit of playful banter?

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our research has unearthed a statistically significant connection between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the New Orleans Saints' season wins, lending credence to the seemingly ludicrous idea that oil may hold the key to gridiron glory. While skeptics may think we've been sniffing up the wrong exhaust pipe, our findings align with prior research that has hinted at the peculiar interplay between energy usage and sports outcomes.

As we delve into the depths of this unexpected affiliation, it's clear that this correlation isn't just a shot in the dark – it's as real as a brisk Louisiana breeze. The r-squared value of 0.4646461 indicates that nearly half of the variation in the Saints' wins can be explained by changes in petroleum consumption, a revelation as eye-opening as a well-timed flea-flicker play.

Our study's results not only validate the unorthodox insights of previous researchers but also offer a fresh perspective on the influence of energy dynamics on athletic performance. It seems that in the world of sports and science, there's often more than meets the eye - just like a well-camouflaged play-action pass.

Now, some may question the practical implications of our findings, but as the English idiom goes, "where there's oil, there's a way." This unexpected relationship underscores the intricate web of factors that influence sports outcomes, much like a meticulously choreographed end zone dance.

As we consider the broader implications of our discovery, it's worth pondering the potential applications of these findings. Could energy consumption patterns serve as a prognosticator of sports success? Or is this correlation merely a red herring in the grand playbook of statistical analyses? Either way, our research highlights the importance of approaching even the most unconventional hypotheses with an open mind, reminding us that in the pursuit of knowledge, curiosity is the real MVP.

In conclusion, our study sheds light on an unexpected bond between oil consumption and football victories, underscoring the delightful unpredictability of research pursuits. As we revel in the revelry of statistical discovery, let's remember that science and humor make for a winning combination, much like a well-crafted defense strategy and a snappy one-liner from a stand-up comedian.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Petroluem consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Season wins for the New Orleans Saints. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Fueling the Field: A Crude Connection Between Petroleum Consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and New Orleans Saints' Victories

[[ABSTRACT]]
The intertwining of petroleum consumption and New Orleans Saints' victories may seem like a crude concept at first, but our research delves into this seemingly offside connection. Using data from the Energy Information Administration and Pro-Football-Reference.com, we sought to shed light on the relationship between these seemingly unrelated phenomena.

As we embarked on this research journey, we couldn't help but crack jokes about finding the "fuel" for the New Orleans Saints' success. It seems that in the world of sports and energy, puns are a "barrel of laughs."

Our analysis revealed a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.6816495 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning 1992 to 2021. This statistical link between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Saints' game outcomes had our research team both scratching our heads and doing touchdown dances.

While it's easy to dismiss this correlation as mere coincidence, our findings raise questions that can't be simply pumped away. Could there be an unforeseen synergy between the use of petroleum and the Saints' performance? Or is it just a case of statistical confounding that's muddier than an oil spill?

So, as we navigate this labyrinth of correlations and causations, we invite fellow researchers and enthusiasts to join us in unraveling this delightful riddle. After all, in the world of academic pursuits, it's always fun to tackle unorthodox questions and uncover unforeseen connections, even if they're as unexpected as finding oil in a football field.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
In the realm of academic research, it's not every day that one stumbles upon a connection as unexpected and seemingly unrelated as the correlation between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the triumphs of the New Orleans Saints. It's a bit like finding a touchdown-obsessed beignet in your research data – delightfully surprising, yet begging the question, "how did this happen?"
If you think you've heard every odd couple in the world of statistics, brace yourself for this match made in (oil) heaven. As we delve into the intricacies of this peculiar relationship, we can't help but wonder whether this study will strike black gold or simply spark a barrel of laughs. After all, who knew that Bosnia and Herzegovina's petroleum consumption and the Saints' victories would turn out to be statistical teammates?
While we might be tempted to crack a dad joke about "fueling" the New Orleans Saints' wins, we mustn't overlook the seriousness of our task. At the intersection of energy usage and professional sports lies a playground for unexpected findings, and who are we to kick the ball and not follow where it rolls, even if it's into uncharted statistical territory?
The genesis of this inquiry lies in the curiosity that drives all fields of research – the quest to uncover the underlying mechanisms and influences that shape our world, even when those mechanisms are as bewildering as a game-winning field goal attempt in a hurricane. So, with data in hand and a touch of whimsy in our hearts, we set out to parse through the numbers and diagrams, all while resisting the urge to insert "oil slick" puns into our data analysis.
As we navigate through this labyrinth of associations, we invite fellow thinkers and jesters alike to twist the cap off this proverbial olive oil bottle and pour forth their thoughts. After all, in the world of academia, curiosity and laughter often travel hand in hand, and who knows, we might just strike oil in the process – or at least a chuckle or two.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our analysis revealed a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.6816495, indicating a moderately strong positive linear relationship between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the New Orleans Saints' season wins. This finding suggests that as petroleum consumption increased, the number of victories for the Saints also tended to rise, creating an unexpected synergy akin to a well-choreographed end zone celebration.
The corresponding r-squared value of 0.4646461 indicates that approximately 46.5% of the variability in the Saints' season wins can be explained by changes in petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This implies that while petroleum consumption is a significant factor, there are other variables at play, much like the myriad factors influencing a game-winning field goal attempt, including wind speed, turf condition, and the grit of the kicker's chin strap.
The p-value of less than 0.01 further supports the statistical significance of the relationship, suggesting that the observed correlation is unlikely to have occurred by random chance alone, making it more than just a "Hail Mary" statistical fluke.
Fig. 1 depicts the scatterplot of the data, revealing a clear upward trend as petroleum consumption increases with an accompanying rise in the number of Saints' season wins. This visual representation further emphasizes the surprising connection between these otherwise unrelated variables, almost like finding a football helmet in a barrel of petrol.
In summary, our findings point to a substantive and statistically significant association between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the New Orleans Saints' performance, raising intriguing questions and perhaps even a few eyebrows amidst the scientific community. While these results may seem like a surprising interception amidst the field of traditional research, they also hold the potential for new insights, much like a well-executed play on the gridiron.
So, as we wrap up this section, let's keep the puns flowing and the dad jokes rolling - after all, what's research without a bit of playful banter?

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our research has uncovered a striking connection between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the season wins of the New Orleans Saints. It's as unexpected as discovering a football field in an oil refinery – intriguing, yet slightly bewildering. But hey, we always did say that research keeps us on our toes, just like a good pun at a football game.

Our statistical analysis revealed a correlation coefficient that would make even the most seasoned statistician do a double-take. It's almost as surprising as finding a high-octane fuel truck at a tailgate party! But fear not – we've sifted through the data and can confidently say that the association is more than just a "crude" coincidence.

With an r-squared value that explains nearly half of the variability in the Saints' wins, it's clear that petroleum consumption plays a significant role in their performance. It's almost like uncovering a hidden talent in a quarterback – unexpected, but undeniably impactful.

And let's not forget that p-value – less than 0.01? That's rarer than a unicorn sighting at a science fair! It reinforces the robustness of our findings, showing that this connection is about as likely to have occurred by random chance as a touchdown scored by a defensive lineman.

So, as we close the playbook on this research, we propose that no further studies are needed in this area. After all, we've already hit a statistical touchdown with our findings. Because when it comes to uncovering quirky connections, we've not only nailed it, we've kicked the extra point and sealed the victory. And when it comes to research, that's as good as finding a hidden stash of dad jokes in a library – a rare and delightful discovery.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Fueling the Field: A Crude Connection Between Petroleum Consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and New Orleans Saints' Victories. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

Journal of Quirky Correlations

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Fueling the Field: A Crude Connection Between Petroleum Consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and New Orleans Saints' Victories. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Association for International Energy Studies and Sports Performance

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Fueling the Field: A Crude Connection Between Petroleum Consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and New Orleans Saints' Victories with an abstract of The intertwining of petroleum consumption and New Orleans Saints' victories may seem like a crude concept at first, but our research delves into this seemingly offside connection. Using data from the Energy Information Administration and Pro-Football-Reference.com, we sought to shed light on the relationship between these seemingly unrelated phenomena.
As we embarked on this research journey, we couldn't help but crack jokes about finding the "fuel" for the New Orleans Saints' success. It seems that in the world of sports and energy, puns are a "barrel of laughs."
Our analysis revealed a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.6816495 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning 1992 to 2021. This statistical link between petroleum consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Saints' game outcomes had our research team both scratching our heads and doing touchdown dances.
While it's easy to dismiss this correlation as mere coincidence, our findings raise questions that can't be simply pumped away. Could there be an unforeseen synergy between the use of petroleum and the Saints' performance? Or is it just a case of statistical confounding that's muddier than an oil spill?
So, as we navigate this labyrinth of correlations and causations, we invite fellow researchers and enthusiasts to join us in unraveling this delightful riddle. After all, in the world of academic pursuits, it's always fun to tackle unorthodox questions and uncover unforeseen connections, even if they're as unexpected as finding oil in a football field.

ChatGPT:

petroleum consumption, Bosnia and Herzegovina, New Orleans Saints, victories, correlation, Energy Information Administration, Pro-Football-Reference.com, statistical analysis, synergy, causation, unforeseen connections

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Petroluem consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Detailed data title: Volume of petroluem consumption consumed in Bosnia and Herzegovina in millions of barrels per day
Source: Energy Information Administration
See what else correlates with Petroluem consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Season wins for the New Orleans Saints
Detailed data title: Number of season wins by the New Orleans Saints
Source: Pro-Football-Reference.com
See what else correlates with Season wins for the New Orleans Saints

Correlation r = 0.6816495 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.4646461 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 46.5% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Season wins for the New Orleans Saints) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Petroluem consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina) over the 30 years from 1992 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 3.4E-5.^Show 0.0000336122981649782300000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.68 in 0.0034% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 29,751 random variables^Note You don't actually need 29 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 29 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 29 because we have two variables measured over a period of 30 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.43, 0.84 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Petroluem consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Million Barrels/Day)	35	22.8	19.6	19.2	18.4	18.5	20.8	21.3	23.0922	22.7938	22.1059	20.9049	24.3183	23.1095	25.4358	27.1267	30.9327	34.4542	34.7042	35.4283	31.9383	29.9158	30.4898	31.1304	36.2173	35.0464	34.4852	34.6922	31.8592	33.5013
Season wins for the New Orleans Saints (Saints wins)	12	8	7	7	3	6	6	3	10	7	9	8	8	3	10	7	8	13	11	13	7	11	7	7	7	11	13	13	12	9

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([35,22.8,19.6,19.2,18.4,18.5,20.8,21.3,23.0922,22.7938,22.1059,20.9049,24.3183,23.1095,25.4358,27.1267,30.9327,34.4542,34.7042,35.4283,31.9383,29.9158,30.4898,31.1304,36.2173,35.0464,34.4852,34.6922,31.8592,33.5013,])
array_2 = np.array([12,8,7,7,3,6,6,3,10,7,9,8,8,3,10,7,8,13,11,13,7,11,7,7,7,11,13,13,12,9,])
array_1_name = "Petroluem consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina"
array_2_name = "Season wins for the New Orleans Saints"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Petroluem consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Line chart for only Season wins for the New Orleans Saints
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Fueling the Field: A Crude Connection Between Petroleum Consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina and New Orleans Saints' Victories

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Correlation ID: 3056 · Black Variable ID: 24219 · Red Variable ID: 19669


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