Download png, svg
AI explanation
As the number of breweries in the United States increased, so did the production of beer. This led to a rise in people hosting backyard BBQs and cookouts, creating a higher demand for grills. This surge in grill usage caused a shortage of traditional charcoal, leading to the exploration of alternative energy sources like solar power in the Cook Islands to fuel the manufacturing of charcoal. So, essentially, the path to solar success in the Cook Islands was powered by the hops and barley of American breweries!
Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image of a futuristic landscape showing the contrast between bustling breweries in the United States and tranquil solar-powered scenes in the Cook Islands. On one side, there are vibrant breweries with fermenting tanks, kegs, and bustling activity. Meanwhile, on the other side, there are serene solar panel-covered landscapes in the Cook Islands with locals enjoying hoppy beverages while basking in the sun. The scene is enhanced by futuristic high-tech elements such as sleek architecture, advanced energy infrastructure, and a seamless blend of traditional brewing and renewable energy. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: The number of Breweries in the United States and Solar power generated in Cook Islands. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Voxel art Futuristic High-tech A photo-realistic image Realistic
ChatGPT: High-tech
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both The number of Breweries in the United States and Solar power generated in Cook Islands, in the following situation: Because more breweries led to higher beer consumption, causing people to appreciate renewable energy, prompting Cook Islands to increase solar power generation as a tribute to their newfound love for hoppy beverages.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In the United States, bustling breweries are scattered across the landscape, with rows of fermenting tanks and kegs. Amidst this lively scene, the rooftops of the breweries sport solar panels, glistening in the sunlight. Meanwhile, in the tranquil Cook Islands, solar panels cover the sun-drenched terrain, harnessing the abundant energy to power the island, as locals raise their glasses to a newfound love for hoppy beverages.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ High-tech ] and depicting this scene: In the United States, bustling breweries are scattered across the landscape, with rows of fermenting tanks and kegs. Amidst this lively scene, the rooftops of the breweries sport solar panels, glistening in the sunlight. Meanwhile, in the tranquil Cook Islands, solar panels cover the sun-drenched terrain, harnessing the abundant energy to power the island, as locals raise their glasses to a newfound love for hoppy beverages. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image of a futuristic landscape showing the contrast between bustling breweries in the United States and tranquil solar-powered scenes in the Cook Islands. On one side, there are vibrant breweries with fermenting tanks, kegs, and bustling activity. Meanwhile, on the other side, there are serene solar panel-covered landscapes in the Cook Islands with locals enjoying hoppy beverages while basking in the sun. The scene is enhanced by futuristic high-tech elements such as sleek architecture, advanced energy infrastructure, and a seamless blend of traditional brewing and renewable energy.
*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.
I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in The number of Breweries in the United States caused Solar power generated in Cook Islands to increase. Make it feel plausible.
AI academic paper
 |
Sun-Kissed Suds: The Brew-tiful Relationship Between the Number of Breweries in the United States and Solar Power Generated in the Cook Islands Journal of Solar-Powered Suds Jan 2024 Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real! |
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Solar power generated in Cook Islands. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.
Make the title punny if you can come up with clever pun. If not, make it sound serious.
Your research team used data from Brewers Association and Energy Information Administration to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9417523 and p < 0.01 for 1992 to 2021.
Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)
[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit
[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit
ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
"Sun-Kissed Suds: The Brew-tiful Relationship Between the Number of Breweries in the United States and Solar Power Generated in the Cook Islands"
[[ABSTRACT]]
This research examines the unexpected and seemingly whimsical correlation between the burgeoning beer industry in the United States and the generation of solar power in the distant Cook Islands. Leveraging data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration spanning nearly three decades, our findings reveal a remarkably strong positive correlation coefficient of 0.9417523 with a significance level of p < 0.01. Despite the geographical and cultural distance between these two phenomena, the evidence suggests that as the number of breweries in the United States has increased, so has the solar power generated in the Cook Islands. This study sheds light on an intriguing relationship that transcends international boundaries and beverage preferences. Whether it's the sun's influence on the fermentation process or the symbolic synergy of hops and photons, our research illuminates this brew-tiful phenomenon with a refreshing blend of statistical rigor and lighthearted curiosity.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Solar power generated in Cook Islands. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.
Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Sun-Kissed Suds: The Brew-tiful Relationship Between the Number of Breweries in the United States and Solar Power Generated in the Cook Islands"
[[ABSTRACT]]
This research examines the unexpected and seemingly whimsical correlation between the burgeoning beer industry in the United States and the generation of solar power in the distant Cook Islands. Leveraging data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration spanning nearly three decades, our findings reveal a remarkably strong positive correlation coefficient of 0.9417523 with a significance level of p < 0.01. Despite the geographical and cultural distance between these two phenomena, the evidence suggests that as the number of breweries in the United States has increased, so has the solar power generated in the Cook Islands. This study sheds light on an intriguing relationship that transcends international boundaries and beverage preferences. Whether it's the sun's influence on the fermentation process or the symbolic synergy of hops and photons, our research illuminates this brew-tiful phenomenon with a refreshing blend of statistical rigor and lighthearted curiosity.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
ChatGPT:
INTRODUCTION
Welcome, esteemed colleagues and curious readers, to a study that is bound to excite your taste buds and ignite your scientific curiosity. In this delightfully unexpected research endeavor, we navigate through the frothy world of breweries and the illuminating realm of solar power, seeking to uncover the tantalizing relationship between these seemingly unrelated phenomena. As we embark on this whimsical journey, fasten your seatbelts and prepare for a blend of data-driven analyses and wry humor that promises to leave you both enlightened and entertained.
The notion of examining the connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the generation of solar power in the Cook Islands might initially evoke a quizzical expression or prompt a raised eyebrow. However, under the surface of this seemingly zany juxtaposition lies a genuine statistical intrigue and an opportunity to shed light on a subject that is as refreshing as an ice-cold brew on a sunny afternoon.
The concept of uncovering correlations between seemingly unrelated variables is not entirely foreign to the scholarly world. However, the marriage of beer and solar power in our inquiry lends a unique and, dare we say, intoxicating aura to the statistical landscape. It is a marriage not unlike that of hops and barley, where seemingly distinct elements come together in a harmonious union.
As we delve into the heart of our investigation, we invite you to savor the unexpected twists and turns that our research journey may offer. From quirky data patterns to statistical head-scratchers, we promise a rollercoaster ride through numerical landscapes and geographical imaginings, all in the pursuit of knowledge and, with any luck, a few hearty chuckles.
So, without further ado, let us raise our beakers to the brew-tiful relationship between the number of breweries in the land of the free and the solar power harnessed in the distant paradisiacal Cook Islands. As we navigate through this unlikely pairing of variables, may we remember that the realm of science and statistics is not immune to the occasional pun or quirky observation. Cheers to the sun-kissed suds and to the enlightening brew-tiful journey that awaits us!
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Solar power generated in Cook Islands. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.
Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.
Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.
Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Perhaps you also got inspiration from some board games that are vaugely related.
Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Sun-Kissed Suds: The Brew-tiful Relationship Between the Number of Breweries in the United States and Solar Power Generated in the Cook Islands"
[[ABSTRACT]]
This research examines the unexpected and seemingly whimsical correlation between the burgeoning beer industry in the United States and the generation of solar power in the distant Cook Islands. Leveraging data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration spanning nearly three decades, our findings reveal a remarkably strong positive correlation coefficient of 0.9417523 with a significance level of p < 0.01. Despite the geographical and cultural distance between these two phenomena, the evidence suggests that as the number of breweries in the United States has increased, so has the solar power generated in the Cook Islands. This study sheds light on an intriguing relationship that transcends international boundaries and beverage preferences. Whether it's the sun's influence on the fermentation process or the symbolic synergy of hops and photons, our research illuminates this brew-tiful phenomenon with a refreshing blend of statistical rigor and lighthearted curiosity.
-------
And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
Welcome, esteemed colleagues and curious readers, to a study that is bound to excite your taste buds and ignite your scientific curiosity. In this delightfully unexpected research endeavor, we navigate through the frothy world of breweries and the illuminating realm of solar power, seeking to uncover the tantalizing relationship between these seemingly unrelated phenomena. As we embark on this whimsical journey, fasten your seatbelts and prepare for a blend of data-driven analyses and wry humor that promises to leave you both enlightened and entertained.
The notion of examining the connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the generation of solar power in the Cook Islands might initially evoke a quizzical expression or prompt a raised eyebrow. However, under the surface of this seemingly zany juxtaposition lies a genuine statistical intrigue and an opportunity to shed light on a subject that is as refreshing as an ice-cold brew on a sunny afternoon.
The concept of uncovering correlations between seemingly unrelated variables is not entirely foreign to the scholarly world. However, the marriage of beer and solar power in our inquiry lends a unique and, dare we say, intoxicating aura to the statistical landscape. It is a marriage not unlike that of hops and barley, where seemingly distinct elements come together in a harmonious union.
As we delve into the heart of our investigation, we invite you to savor the unexpected twists and turns that our research journey may offer. From quirky data patterns to statistical head-scratchers, we promise a rollercoaster ride through numerical landscapes and geographical imaginings, all in the pursuit of knowledge and, with any luck, a few hearty chuckles.
So, without further ado, let us raise our beakers to the brew-tiful relationship between the number of breweries in the land of the free and the solar power harnessed in the distant paradisiacal Cook Islands. As we navigate through this unlikely pairing of variables, may we remember that the realm of science and statistics is not immune to the occasional pun or quirky observation. Cheers to the sun-kissed suds and to the enlightening brew-tiful journey that awaits us!
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
ChatGPT:
LITERATURE REVIEW
The investigation into the correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the generation of solar power in the Cook Islands has sparked interest in a wide array of academic and non-academic literature. Among the initial works that laid the foundation for this study, Smith et al. (2015) provided a comprehensive overview of solar power trends in small island developing states, offering valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities in sustainable energy development. Meanwhile, Doe and Jones (2016) delved into the economics of the craft beer industry, shedding light on the factors influencing brewery expansion and market saturation in the United States. These serious and scholarly works served as the springboard for our work, setting the stage for a research journey that, as we shall soon reveal, ventured into unexpected and whimsical territories.
Moving from the realm of academia to more popular non-fiction works, "Brewing up a Solar Storm" by John Hopkinson and "Islands of Ale: Exploring the Beer Culture of Remote Paradises" by Mary Pintsworth introduced a more lighthearted and anecdotal perspective to our understanding of these phenomena. These authors alluded to the interplay between sustainable energy practices and the convivial atmosphere of brewery culture, sparking our curiosity and providing a dash of humor to accompany the statistical rigor of our investigation.
However, it was not only scholarly and non-fiction literature that spurred our interest in this peculiar relationship. Fictional works such as "The Solar-powered Brewmaster" by A. C. Lager and "Breweries of the Lost Sun" by Hops McBarley offered imaginative and, at times, downright fantastical portrayals of solar-driven brewing processes and the mystical allure of island beers. While these works may not have been rooted in empirical evidence, they nevertheless stimulated our creativity and imbued our research with a sense of adventure and, dare we say, a hint of whimsy.
Furthermore, it would be remiss not to acknowledge the influence of board games such as "Solar Settlers" and "Brewcrafters," which, while not direct sources for our study, certainly infused our research discussions with playful analogies and hypothetical scenarios. The playful spirit of these games echoed the joyful synergy we sought to convey in our investigation, reminding us that statistical analysis need not always be served with a side of solemnity.
Thus, as we navigate the scholarly, non-scholarly, and truly imaginative landscapes of the literature surrounding the fusion of brewery culture and solar power generation, we invite the reader to embrace the unexpected and savor the blend of earnest inquiry and cheerful levity that characterizes our journey. From the scholarly to the speculative, the real to the whimsical, our literature review paints a vivid backdrop against which our statistical findings unfold, and a reminder that even the most rigorous research can be infused with a brew-tiful blend of analytical rigor and tongue-in-cheek curiosity. Cheers to the scholarly forays and literary whimsy that breathe life into our investigation!
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Solar power generated in Cook Islands. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.
Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Brewers Association and Energy Information Administration . You used data from 1992 to 2021
Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.
Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Sun-Kissed Suds: The Brew-tiful Relationship Between the Number of Breweries in the United States and Solar Power Generated in the Cook Islands"
[[ABSTRACT]]
This research examines the unexpected and seemingly whimsical correlation between the burgeoning beer industry in the United States and the generation of solar power in the distant Cook Islands. Leveraging data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration spanning nearly three decades, our findings reveal a remarkably strong positive correlation coefficient of 0.9417523 with a significance level of p < 0.01. Despite the geographical and cultural distance between these two phenomena, the evidence suggests that as the number of breweries in the United States has increased, so has the solar power generated in the Cook Islands. This study sheds light on an intriguing relationship that transcends international boundaries and beverage preferences. Whether it's the sun's influence on the fermentation process or the symbolic synergy of hops and photons, our research illuminates this brew-tiful phenomenon with a refreshing blend of statistical rigor and lighthearted curiosity.
[[INTRODUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
Welcome, esteemed colleagues and curious readers, to a study that is bound to excite your taste buds and ignite your scientific curiosity. In this delightfully unexpected research endeavor, we navigate through the frothy world of breweries and the illuminating realm of solar power, seeking to uncover the tantalizing relationship between these seemingly unrelated phenomena. As we embark on this whimsical journey, fasten your seatbelts and prepare for a blend of data-driven analyses and wry humor that promises to leave you both enlightened and entertained.
The notion of examining the connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the generation of solar power in the Cook Islands might initially evoke a quizzical expression or prompt a raised eyebrow. However, under the surface of this seemingly zany juxtaposition lies a genuine statistical intrigue and an opportunity to shed light on a subject that is as refreshing as an ice-cold brew on a sunny afternoon.
The concept of uncovering correlations between seemingly unrelated variables is not entirely foreign to the scholarly world. However, the marriage of beer and solar power in our inquiry lends a unique and, dare we say, intoxicating aura to the statistical landscape. It is a marriage not unlike that of hops and barley, where seemingly distinct elements come together in a harmonious union.
As we delve into the heart of our investigation, we invite you to savor the unexpected twists and turns that our research journey may offer. From quirky data patterns to statistical head-scratchers, we promise a rollercoaster ride through numerical landscapes and geographical imaginings, all in the pursuit of knowledge and, with any luck, a few hearty chuckles.
So, without further ado, let us raise our beakers to the brew-tiful relationship between the number of breweries in the land of the free and the solar power harnessed in the distant paradisiacal Cook Islands. As we navigate through this unlikely pairing of variables, may we remember that the realm of science and statistics is not immune to the occasional pun or quirky observation. Cheers to the sun-kissed suds and to the enlightening brew-tiful journey that awaits us!
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
ChatGPT:
METHODOLOGY
Data Collection
To unravel this peculiar correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the Cook Islands, our research team embarked on a quest that would make even the most intrepid explorers of statistical relationships raise an eyebrow. We scoured the boundless frontier of the internet, braving the treacherous seas of data repositories and the perilous mountains of online databases. Our primary sources of information were the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration, where we gleaned valuable data spanning from 1992 to 2021. While we like to imagine ourselves as valiant statistical adventurers, the truth is that we mostly just clicked around on the internet and tried to avoid getting lost in the vast expanse of online information.
Variable Selection
In this research endeavor, we sought to capture the essence of both hops and photons, metaphorically speaking. The number of breweries in the United States, a beacon of the burgeoning beer industry, represented the frothy, effervescent spirit of fermentation and craftsmanship. On the other hand, the solar power generated in the Cook Islands symbolized the radiant, energy-efficient allure of harnessing the sun's boundless energy. These variables, seemingly disparate in nature, were carefully selected to embark on a statistical dance that would make even the most stoic of researchers tap their toes in rapt fascination.
Data Analysis
With data in hand, we invoked the mighty power of statistical analyses to extract meaning from this seemingly whimsical association. We enlisted the formidable assistance of correlation analysis, which allowed us to measure the strength and direction of the relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the Cook Islands. Through the lens of this method, we uncovered a surprisingly robust positive correlation coefficient of 0.9417523, accompanied by a significance level of p < 0.01. To put it bluntly, our data showed that as the number of breweries in the United States increased, so did the solar power generated in the distant paradise of the Cook Islands. Our statistical tools may not have the flair of a magician's wand, but they certainly wield a charm that mesmerizes in its own right.
Result Interpretation
Having crunched the numbers and observed the dance of data, we found ourselves in the midst of an unexpected revelation. The evidence pointed to a solid statistical connection that transcended geographical and cultural boundaries, linking the effervescence of beer production in one corner of the globe to the radiant power of solar energy in a far-flung island paradise. While we initially approached this investigation with a lighthearted curiosity, the statistical rigor with which we examined the relationship between these variables has left us both enlightened and thoroughly amused by the brew-tiful phenomenon at hand.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Solar power generated in Cook Islands. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.
Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Brewers Association and Energy Information Administration .
For the time period 1992 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.9417523, r-squared of 0.8868973, and p < 0.01.
One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.
Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Sun-Kissed Suds: The Brew-tiful Relationship Between the Number of Breweries in the United States and Solar Power Generated in the Cook Islands"
[[ABSTRACT]]
This research examines the unexpected and seemingly whimsical correlation between the burgeoning beer industry in the United States and the generation of solar power in the distant Cook Islands. Leveraging data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration spanning nearly three decades, our findings reveal a remarkably strong positive correlation coefficient of 0.9417523 with a significance level of p < 0.01. Despite the geographical and cultural distance between these two phenomena, the evidence suggests that as the number of breweries in the United States has increased, so has the solar power generated in the Cook Islands. This study sheds light on an intriguing relationship that transcends international boundaries and beverage preferences. Whether it's the sun's influence on the fermentation process or the symbolic synergy of hops and photons, our research illuminates this brew-tiful phenomenon with a refreshing blend of statistical rigor and lighthearted curiosity.
-------
And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
INTRODUCTION
Welcome, esteemed colleagues and curious readers, to a study that is bound to excite your taste buds and ignite your scientific curiosity. In this delightfully unexpected research endeavor, we navigate through the frothy world of breweries and the illuminating realm of solar power, seeking to uncover the tantalizing relationship between these seemingly unrelated phenomena. As we embark on this whimsical journey, fasten your seatbelts and prepare for a blend of data-driven analyses and wry humor that promises to leave you both enlightened and entertained.
The notion of examining the connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the generation of solar power in the Cook Islands might initially evoke a quizzical expression or prompt a raised eyebrow. However, under the surface of this seemingly zany juxtaposition lies a genuine statistical intrigue and an opportunity to shed light on a subject that is as refreshing as an ice-cold brew on a sunny afternoon.
The concept of uncovering correlations between seemingly unrelated variables is not entirely foreign to the scholarly world. However, the marriage of beer and solar power in our inquiry lends a unique and, dare we say, intoxicating aura to the statistical landscape. It is a marriage not unlike that of hops and barley, where seemingly distinct elements come together in a harmonious union.
As we delve into the heart of our investigation, we invite you to savor the unexpected twists and turns that our research journey may offer. From quirky data patterns to statistical head-scratchers, we promise a rollercoaster ride through numerical landscapes and geographical imaginings, all in the pursuit of knowledge and, with any luck, a few hearty chuckles.
So, without further ado, let us raise our beakers to the brew-tiful relationship between the number of breweries in the land of the free and the solar power harnessed in the distant paradisiacal Cook Islands. As we navigate through this unlikely pairing of variables, may we remember that the realm of science and statistics is not immune to the occasional pun or quirky observation. Cheers to the sun-kissed suds and to the enlightening brew-tiful journey that awaits us!
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[RESULTS]]
ChatGPT:
[[RESULTS]]
The results of our analysis brought a hoppy smile to our faces as we uncovered a remarkably strong positive correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the Cook Islands. The correlation coefficient of 0.9417523 and an r-squared of 0.8868973 delighted our statistical taste buds, indicating that the relationship between these variables is not just froth but is indeed brewed to perfection. The p-value of less than 0.01 suggests that this correlation is not just a statistical fluke, but a robust finding that can stand the test of time and taste.
Fig. 1 presents a scatterplot that visually encapsulates the sheer beauty of this unexpected relationship, showcasing the strong positive trend between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the Cook Islands. This brew-tiful illustration is a testament to the surprising harmony between these seemingly disparate phenomena, leaving no doubt that this correlation is not just a foamy coincidence.
The findings of our study tickle the imagination and stimulate the mind, prompting us to ponder the potential mechanisms underlying this unexpected relationship. Could it be that the collective effervescence of the American brewing industry is somehow radiating rays of inspiration across the Pacific, leading to a surge in solar power generation in the Cook Islands? Or perhaps there is a deeper, more philosophical connection between the art of crafting beer and the science of harnessing solar energy that transcends mere quantitative analysis.
In any case, this study unveils a brew-tiful relationship that beckons further exploration and lends credence to the notion that statistical research can not only enlighten the mind but also enliven the spirit. As we raise our glasses to the unexpected findings of this investigation, let us savor the wry humor and the unanticipated joy that comes with unraveling the mysteries of data, one frothy discovery at a time. Cheers to the sun-kissed suds and the enlightening brew-tiful journey that this correlation has unveiled!
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Solar power generated in Cook Islands. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.
Limit your response to 500 tokens.
Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.
Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.
[[TITLE]]
"Sun-Kissed Suds: The Brew-tiful Relationship Between the Number of Breweries in the United States and Solar Power Generated in the Cook Islands"
[[ABSTRACT]]
This research examines the unexpected and seemingly whimsical correlation between the burgeoning beer industry in the United States and the generation of solar power in the distant Cook Islands. Leveraging data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration spanning nearly three decades, our findings reveal a remarkably strong positive correlation coefficient of 0.9417523 with a significance level of p < 0.01. Despite the geographical and cultural distance between these two phenomena, the evidence suggests that as the number of breweries in the United States has increased, so has the solar power generated in the Cook Islands. This study sheds light on an intriguing relationship that transcends international boundaries and beverage preferences. Whether it's the sun's influence on the fermentation process or the symbolic synergy of hops and photons, our research illuminates this brew-tiful phenomenon with a refreshing blend of statistical rigor and lighthearted curiosity.
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
LITERATURE REVIEW
The investigation into the correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the generation of solar power in the Cook Islands has sparked interest in a wide array of academic and non-academic literature. Among the initial works that laid the foundation for this study, Smith et al. (2015) provided a comprehensive overview of solar power trends in small island developing states, offering valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities in sustainable energy development. Meanwhile, Doe and Jones (2016) delved into the economics of the craft beer industry, shedding light on the factors influencing brewery expansion and market saturation in the United States. These serious and scholarly works served as the springboard for our work, setting the stage for a research journey that, as we shall soon reveal, ventured into unexpected and whimsical territories.
Moving from the realm of academia to more popular non-fiction works, "Brewing up a Solar Storm" by John Hopkinson and "Islands of Ale: Exploring the Beer Culture of Remote Paradises" by Mary Pintsworth introduced a more lighthearted and anecdotal perspective to our understanding of these phenomena. These authors alluded to the interplay between sustainable energy practices and the convivial atmosphere of brewery culture, sparking our curiosity and providing a dash of humor to accompany the statistical rigor of our investigation.
However, it was not only scholarly and non-fiction literature that spurred our interest in this peculiar relationship. Fictional works such as "The Solar-powered Brewmaster" by A. C. Lager and "Breweries of the Lost Sun" by Hops McBarley offered imaginative and, at times, downright fantastical portrayals of solar-driven brewing processes and the mystical allure of island beers. While these works may not have been rooted in empirical evidence, they nevertheless stimulated our creativity and imbued our research with a sense of adventure and, dare we say, a hint of whimsy.
Furthermore, it would be remiss not to acknowledge the influence of board games such as "Solar Settlers" and "Brewcrafters," which, while not direct sources for our study, certainly infused our research discussions with playful analogies and hypothetical scenarios. The playful spirit of these games echoed the joyful synergy we sought to convey in our investigation, reminding us that statistical analysis need not always be served with a side of solemnity.
Thus, as we navigate the scholarly, non-scholarly, and truly imaginative landscapes of the literature surrounding the fusion of brewery culture and solar power generation, we invite the reader to embrace the unexpected and savor the blend of earnest inquiry and cheerful levity that characterizes our journey. From the scholarly to the speculative, the real to the whimsical, our literature review paints a vivid backdrop against which our statistical findings unfold, and a reminder that even the most rigorous research can be infused with a brew-tiful blend of analytical rigor and tongue-in-cheek curiosity. Cheers to the scholarly forays and literary whimsy that breathe life into our investigation!
[[RESULTS]]
The results of our analysis brought a hoppy smile to our faces as we uncovered a remarkably strong positive correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the Cook Islands. The correlation coefficient of 0.9417523 and an r-squared of 0.8868973 delighted our statistical taste buds, indicating that the relationship between these variables is not just froth but is indeed brewed to perfection. The p-value of less than 0.01 suggests that this correlation is not just a statistical fluke, but a robust finding that can stand the test of time and taste.
Fig. 1 presents a scatterplot that visually encapsulates the sheer beauty of this unexpected relationship, showcasing the strong positive trend between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the Cook Islands. This brew-tiful illustration is a testament to the surprising harmony between these seemingly disparate phenomena, leaving no doubt that this correlation is not just a foamy coincidence.
The findings of our study tickle the imagination and stimulate the mind, prompting us to ponder the potential mechanisms underlying this unexpected relationship. Could it be that the collective effervescence of the American brewing industry is somehow radiating rays of inspiration across the Pacific, leading to a surge in solar power generation in the Cook Islands? Or perhaps there is a deeper, more philosophical connection between the art of crafting beer and the science of harnessing solar energy that transcends mere quantitative analysis.
In any case, this study unveils a brew-tiful relationship that beckons further exploration and lends credence to the notion that statistical research can not only enlighten the mind but also enliven the spirit. As we raise our glasses to the unexpected findings of this investigation, let us savor the wry humor and the unanticipated joy that comes with unraveling the mysteries of data, one frothy discovery at a time. Cheers to the sun-kissed suds and the enlightening brew-tiful journey that this correlation has unveiled!
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Your response should start like this:
[[DISCUSSION]]
ChatGPT:
[[DISCUSSION]]
Our findings have uncovered a sun-drenched symphony between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the distant paradise of the Cook Islands. While at first glance, this relationship appears as unlikely as finding a pale ale at a solar eclipse, our statistical analysis has revealed a robust and harmonious connection that defies geographic distance and conventional logic.
The substantial positive correlation, akin to the perfect balance of hops and malt in a finely crafted beer, is in line with the prior literature that hinted at the potential interplay between sustainable energy practices and the convivial world of brewery culture. The works of Smith et al. (2015) served as the initial spark for our investigation, shedding light on the challenges and opportunities in sustainable energy development in small island developing states. In a twist of fate as delightful as finding a four-leaf clover in a brewer's mash tun, our results have harmonized with this prior research, suggesting that the influence of brewery proliferation in the United States may indeed reach across the Pacific to inspire solar energy generation in the Cook Islands.
The whimsical and playful undertones in the literature review proved to be more than just frothy anecdotes, as we now find ourselves toasting to the robust correlation revealed by our statistical analysis. While the fictional works of A. C. Lager and Hops McBarley initially seemed like whimsical flights of fancy, our findings have breathed an unforeseen air of credibility into their imaginative portrayals of solar-driven brewing processes and the mystical allure of island beers. These unexpected connections between empirical data and imaginative musings remind us that the boundaries of research are as flexible as a well-crafted zymurgical recipe, inviting unconventional pairings and unforeseen discoveries.
Our investigation is a testament to the fact that statistical analysis need not always be served with a somber side of seriousness. In the spirit of playful analogies and hypothetical scenarios fostered by board games like "Solar Settlers" and "Brewcrafters," our research has exemplified the joyous synergy that can be derived from unexpected statistical inferences. As we raise our glasses to the sun-kissed suds and the enlightening brew-tiful journey that this correlation has unveiled, let us imbibe not only the exhilaration of discovery but also the appreciation for the quirky, the unexpected, and the delightfully whimsical in the realm of scholarly inquiry. Cheers to the statistical discoveries that delight the mind and enliven the spirit!
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Solar power generated in Cook Islands. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.
Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.
Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Sun-Kissed Suds: The Brew-tiful Relationship Between the Number of Breweries in the United States and Solar Power Generated in the Cook Islands"
[[ABSTRACT]]
This research examines the unexpected and seemingly whimsical correlation between the burgeoning beer industry in the United States and the generation of solar power in the distant Cook Islands. Leveraging data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration spanning nearly three decades, our findings reveal a remarkably strong positive correlation coefficient of 0.9417523 with a significance level of p < 0.01. Despite the geographical and cultural distance between these two phenomena, the evidence suggests that as the number of breweries in the United States has increased, so has the solar power generated in the Cook Islands. This study sheds light on an intriguing relationship that transcends international boundaries and beverage preferences. Whether it's the sun's influence on the fermentation process or the symbolic synergy of hops and photons, our research illuminates this brew-tiful phenomenon with a refreshing blend of statistical rigor and lighthearted curiosity.
[[INTRDUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
Welcome, esteemed colleagues and curious readers, to a study that is bound to excite your taste buds and ignite your scientific curiosity. In this delightfully unexpected research endeavor, we navigate through the frothy world of breweries and the illuminating realm of solar power, seeking to uncover the tantalizing relationship between these seemingly unrelated phenomena. As we embark on this whimsical journey, fasten your seatbelts and prepare for a blend of data-driven analyses and wry humor that promises to leave you both enlightened and entertained.
The notion of examining the connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the generation of solar power in the Cook Islands might initially evoke a quizzical expression or prompt a raised eyebrow. However, under the surface of this seemingly zany juxtaposition lies a genuine statistical intrigue and an opportunity to shed light on a subject that is as refreshing as an ice-cold brew on a sunny afternoon.
The concept of uncovering correlations between seemingly unrelated variables is not entirely foreign to the scholarly world. However, the marriage of beer and solar power in our inquiry lends a unique and, dare we say, intoxicating aura to the statistical landscape. It is a marriage not unlike that of hops and barley, where seemingly distinct elements come together in a harmonious union.
As we delve into the heart of our investigation, we invite you to savor the unexpected twists and turns that our research journey may offer. From quirky data patterns to statistical head-scratchers, we promise a rollercoaster ride through numerical landscapes and geographical imaginings, all in the pursuit of knowledge and, with any luck, a few hearty chuckles.
So, without further ado, let us raise our beakers to the brew-tiful relationship between the number of breweries in the land of the free and the solar power harnessed in the distant paradisiacal Cook Islands. As we navigate through this unlikely pairing of variables, may we remember that the realm of science and statistics is not immune to the occasional pun or quirky observation. Cheers to the sun-kissed suds and to the enlightening brew-tiful journey that awaits us!
[[RESULTS]]
The results of our analysis brought a hoppy smile to our faces as we uncovered a remarkably strong positive correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the Cook Islands. The correlation coefficient of 0.9417523 and an r-squared of 0.8868973 delighted our statistical taste buds, indicating that the relationship between these variables is not just froth but is indeed brewed to perfection. The p-value of less than 0.01 suggests that this correlation is not just a statistical fluke, but a robust finding that can stand the test of time and taste.
Fig. 1 presents a scatterplot that visually encapsulates the sheer beauty of this unexpected relationship, showcasing the strong positive trend between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the Cook Islands. This brew-tiful illustration is a testament to the surprising harmony between these seemingly disparate phenomena, leaving no doubt that this correlation is not just a foamy coincidence.
The findings of our study tickle the imagination and stimulate the mind, prompting us to ponder the potential mechanisms underlying this unexpected relationship. Could it be that the collective effervescence of the American brewing industry is somehow radiating rays of inspiration across the Pacific, leading to a surge in solar power generation in the Cook Islands? Or perhaps there is a deeper, more philosophical connection between the art of crafting beer and the science of harnessing solar energy that transcends mere quantitative analysis.
In any case, this study unveils a brew-tiful relationship that beckons further exploration and lends credence to the notion that statistical research can not only enlighten the mind but also enliven the spirit. As we raise our glasses to the unexpected findings of this investigation, let us savor the wry humor and the unanticipated joy that comes with unraveling the mysteries of data, one frothy discovery at a time. Cheers to the sun-kissed suds and the enlightening brew-tiful journey that this correlation has unveiled!
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[CONCLUSION]]
ChatGPT:
[[CONCLUSION]]
In conclusion, our study has illuminated an unexpectedly robust and enchanting correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the idyllic Cook Islands. As we wrap up this research endeavor, it is impossible not to marvel at the "brew-tiful" dance of data that has unfolded before our eyes. The sheer magnitude of the correlation coefficient and the dazzling scatterplot depicting this relationship serve as a testament to the tantalizing interplay between beer and solar power.
One cannot help but speculate about the underlying mechanisms at play. Is there, perchance, a whimsical dance of hops and photons that transcends the confines of conventional statistical analyses? Or perhaps it is the sheer radiance of the American brewing industry that has cast an effervescent spell across the vast expanse of the Pacific, inspiring a surge in solar power generation in the Cook Islands? These questions tickle the fancy and infuse the investigative spirit with a frothy sense of wonder.
As we raise a toast to these unexpected findings, we cannot help but appreciate the poignant synergy of science and whimsy that has graced this research endeavor. It is a reminder that amidst the rigidity of statistical analyses, there lies a world of unexpected delights and "brew-tiful" revelations.
But fear not, esteemed colleagues and inquisitive readers, for this investigation marks the culmination of this particular inquiry. The frothy tides of statistical exploration have brought us to a delightful conclusion, and further research in this area may, indeed, lead to diminishing returns. Therefore, we assert with confidence that no more research is needed to quench our curiosity about the correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the Cook Islands. With a wink and a nod, we bid adieu to this brew-tiful adventure, leaving it as a testament to the whimsy and wonder that science and statistics can evoke. Cheers to the unexpected correlations and the enduring allure of statistical inquiry!
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Sun-Kissed Suds: The Brew-tiful Relationship Between the Number of Breweries in the United States and Solar Power Generated in the Cook Islands. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.
ChatGPT:
Journal of Solar-Powered Suds
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Sun-Kissed Suds: The Brew-tiful Relationship Between the Number of Breweries in the United States and Solar Power Generated in the Cook Islands. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.
ChatGPT:
The Association for Solar Brew Dynamics
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Sun-Kissed Suds: The Brew-tiful Relationship Between the Number of Breweries in the United States and Solar Power Generated in the Cook Islands with an abstract of This research examines the unexpected and seemingly whimsical correlation between the burgeoning beer industry in the United States and the generation of solar power in the distant Cook Islands. Leveraging data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration spanning nearly three decades, our findings reveal a remarkably strong positive correlation coefficient of 0.9417523 with a significance level of p < 0.01. Despite the geographical and cultural distance between these two phenomena, the evidence suggests that as the number of breweries in the United States has increased, so has the solar power generated in the Cook Islands. This study sheds light on an intriguing relationship that transcends international boundaries and beverage preferences. Whether it's the sun's influence on the fermentation process or the symbolic synergy of hops and photons, our research illuminates this brew-tiful phenomenon with a refreshing blend of statistical rigor and lighthearted curiosity.
ChatGPT:
"breweries in the United States," "solar power generation," "correlation between breweries and solar power," "Brewers Association data," "Energy Information Administration data," "geographical relationship between breweries and solar power," "international solar power generation," "solar power in the Cook Islands," "beer industry and solar power correlation," "brewery growth and solar power generation"
*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.
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Data details
The number of Breweries in the United StatesDetailed data title: Number of Breweries in the United States
Source: Brewers Association
See what else correlates with The number of Breweries in the United States
Solar power generated in Cook Islands
Detailed data title: Total solar power generated in Cook Islands in billion kWh
Source: Energy Information Administration
See what else correlates with Solar power generated in Cook Islands
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.
r2 = 0.8868973 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 88.7% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Solar power generated in Cook Islands) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., The number of Breweries in the United States) over the 30 years from 1992 through 2021.
p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 8.9E-15. 0.0000000000000088580532319824
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.
But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.
Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.94 in 8.9E-13% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 112,891,622,325,034 random variables You don't actually need 112 trillion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.
p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.
In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.
Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 29 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 29 because we have two variables measured over a period of 30 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.
[ 0.88, 0.97 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.
This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!
All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.
Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
| 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | |
| The number of Breweries in the United States (Number of breweries) | 405 | 490 | 634 | 1006 | 1305 | 1475 | 1651 | 1577 | 1493 | 1499 | 1575 | 1629 | 1635 | 1612 | 1741 | 1805 | 1896 | 1933 | 2131 | 2525 | 2670 | 3162 | 4014 | 4847 | 5780 | 6767 | 7722 | 8557 | 9092 | 9384 |
| Solar power generated in Cook Islands (Billion kWh) | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0008 | 0.001447 | 0.003472 | 0.004679 | 0.007 | 0.016 | 0.015 | 0.013 | 0.01586 |
Why this works
- Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
- Lack of causal connection: There is probably
Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied. - Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple
Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is. - Confounding variable: 2020 is particularly different from the other years on this graph. Confounding variables (like global pandemics) will cause two variables to look connected when in fact a "sneaky third" variable is influencing both of them behind the scenes.
Try it yourself
You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.
Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"
Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.
Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.
Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.
Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"
If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:
"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."
# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats
# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):
# Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)
# Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
r_squared = correlation**2
return correlation, r_squared, p_value
# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([405,490,634,1006,1305,1475,1651,1577,1493,1499,1575,1629,1635,1612,1741,1805,1896,1933,2131,2525,2670,3162,4014,4847,5780,6767,7722,8557,9092,9384,])
array_2 = np.array([0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0008,0.001447,0.003472,0.004679,0.007,0.016,0.015,0.013,0.01586,])
array_1_name = "The number of Breweries in the United States"
array_2_name = "Solar power generated in Cook Islands"
# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)
# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)Reuseable content
You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.
For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."
When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.
Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.
Download images for these variables:
- High resolution line chart
The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.
If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.
Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape. - High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
- Alternative high resolution line chart
- Scatterplot
- Portable line chart (png)
- Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
- Line chart for only The number of Breweries in the United States
- Line chart for only Solar power generated in Cook Islands
- AI-generated correlation image
- The spurious research paper: Sun-Kissed Suds: The Brew-tiful Relationship Between the Number of Breweries in the United States and Solar Power Generated in the Cook Islands
Cheers to you for rating this correlation!
Correlation ID: 2839 · Black Variable ID: 34 · Red Variable ID: 23604
