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AI explanation

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: [A Polaroid photo] Create an image of a small town in Ohio. The sky is tinged with a subtle yet noticeable hazy quality, depicting the presence of air pollution. On the town's streets, people are seen wearing protective masks, their figures slightly obscured by the masks. Among the crowd, a line of cars can be seen trailing along a winding road leading out of town. One of the cars, visible through the car window, contains a passenger frantically typing on their phone. The atmosphere should evoke a sense of desperation and suffocation, with an underlying desire for a fresh start. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

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This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Air pollution in Washington Court House, Ohio and Google searches for 'how to fake your own death'. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Woodblock painting a Polaroid photo An image that looks like it is a scene from a Pixar movie Cubism a funny image you would see on reddit
ChatGPT: A Polaroid photo

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Air pollution in Washington Court House, Ohio and Google searches for 'how to fake your own death', in the following situation: The increase in air pollution in Washington Court House has led to a sudden desire to "escape the smog" by faking one's own demise. People are "gasping for a breath of fresh air" and turning to extreme measures to "clear the air" and start afresh. #ToxicEscape. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a small town in Ohio, the sky is hazy with air pollution, and the streets are filled with people wearing masks to filter the air. Amongst the crowd, a line of cars trails the winding road leading out of town. Inside one of the cars, a passenger furiously types "how to fake your own death" into their phone's search bar, desperate for a way out of the toxic environment. The air is heavy with a sense of suffocation and the desire for a fresh start.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A Polaroid photo ] and depicting this scene: In a small town in Ohio, the sky is hazy with air pollution, and the streets are filled with people wearing masks to filter the air. Amongst the crowd, a line of cars trails the winding road leading out of town. Inside one of the cars, a passenger furiously types "how to fake your own death" into their phone's search bar, desperate for a way out of the toxic environment. The air is heavy with a sense of suffocation and the desire for a fresh start. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: [A Polaroid photo] Create an image of a small town in Ohio. The sky is tinged with a subtle yet noticeable hazy quality, depicting the presence of air pollution. On the town's streets, people are seen wearing protective masks, their figures slightly obscured by the masks. Among the crowd, a line of cars can be seen trailing along a winding road leading out of town. One of the cars, visible through the car window, contains a passenger frantically typing on their phone. The atmosphere should evoke a sense of desperation and suffocation, with an underlying desire for a fresh start.

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*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

AI academic paper

Pollution Puzzles and Pseudocide: An Analysis of Air Quality and Interest in Faking Death in Washington Court House, Ohio The Journal of Ecological Enigmas and Existential Escapades Jan 2024 Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

Problem variable:	Which variable has a problem? Air pollution in Washington Court House, Ohio Google searches for 'how to fake your own death' Neither / both
Issue:	What is the issue? The data is incorrect The chart isn't displaying properly There is a typo The source link is incorrect A calculation is wrong Something else
Additional details: Optional
Confirm you are a human:

Data details

Why this works

1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
   no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
   p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
4. Very low n: There are not many data points included in this analysis. Even if the p-value is high, we should be suspicious of using so few datapoints in a correlation.

Try it yourself

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([0,0.00566572,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.00285714,])
array_2 = np.array([15.5833,25.0833,13.6667,6.25,10.1667,12.4167,14.5,14.5,15.3333,])
array_1_name = "Air pollution in Washington Court House, Ohio"
array_2_name = "Google searches for 'how to fake your own death'"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

• High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.
  
  If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.
  
  Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
  
• High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
• Alternative high resolution line chart
• Scatterplot
• Portable line chart (png)
• Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
• Line chart for only Air pollution in Washington Court House, Ohio
• Line chart for only Google searches for 'how to fake your own death'
• AI-generated correlation image
• The spurious research paper: Pollution Puzzles and Pseudocide: An Analysis of Air Quality and Interest in Faking Death in Washington Court House, Ohio