Spurious correlation #2,457 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and the second variable is New York Times Fiction Best Sellers. The chart goes from 2005 to 2014, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and the second variable is New York Times Fiction Best Sellers. The chart goes from 2005 to 2014, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

This could be due to the creation of a new sub-genre called "Tennis Tale Triumphs" which has taken the literary world by storm. Each time Andy Murray makes it to the finals, a new wave of tennis-inspired fiction hits the market, captivating readers with gripping stories of love, rivalry, and match point madness. Who knew that Andy's success on the court would serve as the ultimate plot twist for the New York Times Fiction Best Sellers list!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image of a serene library filled with soft sunlight streaming through the windows, illuminating the shelves stocked with New York Times Fiction Best Sellers. Show an increasing pile of popular novels as people indulge in more reading time. Meanwhile, capture a bustling tennis court where Andy Murray unleashes a powerful serve, with the sound of a tennis ball hitting the court echoing through the air. The image should highlight the contrast between the peaceful ambiance of the library and the action-packed nature of the tennis court. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and New York Times Fiction Best Sellers. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie A Discovery magazine cover image Charcoal inspired by bauhaus Oragami
ChatGPT: A Discovery magazine cover image

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and New York Times Fiction Best Sellers, in the following situation: More time for reading due to fewer tennis matches led to increased book sales. However, when Murray did compete, he served up aces and the competition for book sales was "lob"-bying for attention.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a serene library filled with sunlight, a pile of New York Times Fiction Best Sellers grew larger each day as people indulged in more reading time. Meanwhile, in a bustling tennis court, Andy Murray unleashed a powerful serve that aced his competition, as the sound of a tennis ball hitting the court echoed through the air.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A Discovery magazine cover image ] and depicting this scene: In a serene library filled with sunlight, a pile of New York Times Fiction Best Sellers grew larger each day as people indulged in more reading time. Meanwhile, in a bustling tennis court, Andy Murray unleashed a powerful serve that aced his competition, as the sound of a tennis ball hitting the court echoed through the air. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image of a serene library filled with soft sunlight streaming through the windows, illuminating the shelves stocked with New York Times Fiction Best Sellers. Show an increasing pile of popular novels as people indulge in more reading time. Meanwhile, capture a bustling tennis court where Andy Murray unleashes a powerful serve, with the sound of a tennis ball hitting the court echoing through the air. The image should highlight the contrast between the peaceful ambiance of the library and the action-packed nature of the tennis court.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Andy Murray's ATP final appearances caused New York Times Fiction Best Sellers to increase.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Murray's Matchmaking: Mapping the Marvelous Marriage of Andy Murray's ATP Appearances and New York Times Novels

The Journal of Tennis and Literary Analysis

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and New York Times Fiction Best Sellers. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then you might move on to cartoons and children's shows that you watched for research.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Murray's Matchmaking: Mapping the Marvelous Marriage of Andy Murray's ATP Appearances and New York Times Novels

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study untangles the tantalizing tie between the frequency of Andy Murray's appearances in ATP finals and the occurrences of New York Times Fiction Best Sellers. Leveraging data from Wikipedia and Hawes, we conducted a riveting analysis spanning the years 2005 to 2014. Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8505448, with the p-value indicating statistical significance at p < 0.01. The implications of this unexpected association open up a veritable treasure trove of ponderous possibilities, as we delve into the enigmatic intersection of sports excellence and literary acclaim. Musing on the mysterious synchronicity of these seemingly disparate realms, this research offers a whimsical window into the intersection of tennis triumphs and literary bestsellers, and prompts a reimagining of how we perceive the curious connections in the cultural zeitgeist.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
In the realm of sports and literature, peculiar connections often emerge, leaving researchers bewildered and readers amused. In a world where tennis rackets and paperbacks coexist, the entwining of Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and New York Times Fiction Best Sellers offers an intriguing tapestry of potential explanations, ranging from the truly serendipitous to the simply statistical.
The athletic prowess of Andy Murray, often likened to a well-crafted tale of triumph and resilience, has captivated tennis enthusiasts and literary aficionados alike. Conversely, the ebb and flow of New York Times Fiction Best Sellers has been a barometer of literary zeitgeist shifts, akin to the victories and defeats that punctuate a tennis match. Yet, could there be a hidden harmony between the two seemingly unrelated domains? This study endeavors to discern whether the intersection of Murray's athletic feats and the literary accolades captured by the New York Times Fiction Best Sellers list is more than just a coincidental collision.
The title "Murray's Matchmaking: Mapping the Marvelous Marriage of Andy Murray's ATP Appearances and New York Times Novels" hints at the whimsical journey we are about to embark upon. As we delve into the data, we ponder the possibility of a clandestine courtship between Murray's volleys and the nuanced narratives that capture readers' imaginations. Just as a well-constructed argument in academia can carry the elegance of a winning serve and a cunning volley, so too may the rhythm of Murray's tournament appearances flow in harmony with the crescendos of literary success.
While at first glance, this inquiry may seem as curious as a tennis player in a library or a bookworm on a tennis court, the findings indeed suggest a robust correlation between these two disparate realms. With statistical significance at p < 0.01 and a correlation coefficient of 0.8505448, one cannot help but marvel at the curious concordance uncovered by this investigation.
Thus, the aim of this paper is not only to elucidate the statistical link between Murray's ATP final appearances and New York Times Fiction Best Sellers but also to invite readers to ponder the whimsical interplay of athletic achievement and literary acclaim. As we confront this unexpected connection, we are reminded that the cultural landscape is teeming with unsuspected associations, waiting to be brought to light by the intrepid researcher's keen eye and the occasional stroke of scholarly serendipity.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The literature regarding the intriguing intersection of Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and New York Times Fiction Best Sellers is as tantalizing as a well-placed drop shot. Smith et al. (2016) conducted a thorough analysis of Murray's tennis career, documenting his meteoric rise through the ranks of the ATP circuit. Similarly, Doe and Jones (2018) delved into the enigmatic world of New York Times Fiction Best Sellers, unraveling the idiosyncrasies of literary acclaim. However, as the search expanded to explore the correlation between these seemingly incongruent phenomena, the literature landscape took an unexpected turn.

In "The Art of Winning: Andy Murray's Path to Tennis Triumph," the authors find an exhaustive account of Murray's formidable performances on the ATP stage, detailing the highs and lows of his career with meticulous precision. Meanwhile, "Bestsellers Uncovered: Navigating the New York Times Fiction List" offers a comprehensive overview of the ebbs and flows of literary success, providing a riveting glimpse into the ever-shifting landscape of popular novels. However, as the search continued, the literature expanded into uncharted territory, meandering into unexpected realms that left the researchers utterly bewildered.

Upon venturing into the annals of non-fiction and fiction alike, a serendipitous revelation emerged. Clark's "Wordcraft: The Art and Science of Fiction Writing" unlocked a treasure trove of techniques employed by acclaimed authors, shedding light on the nuanced craft of storytelling. In a twist worthy of a gripping plot, "The Science of Sports: A Comprehensive Guide" by Adams unraveled the intricacies of athletic prowess, providing a stark contrast to the world of fictional narratives. However, the scholarly journey navigated further into unexplored territory, journeying into the whimsical world of literary creations that mirrored the rhythmic cadence of a well-fought tennis match.

The literature review then delved into the realm of fiction, and in a surprising turn of events, whimsical connections emerged. From the enchanting wizardry of "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" to the unyielding resilience portrayed in "The Old Man and the Sea," the whimsy of literature seemed to echo the ebbs and flows of a riveting tennis match. The unexpected linkage between Ernest Hemingway's timeless tale and Murray's tenacious performances was a delight to uncover, prompting the researchers to ponder the enigmatic synergy between literature and athletic prowess.

As the literature search took an even more unexpected turn, the examination of cultural phenomena extended to the realm of popular culture. Cartoons and children's shows, typically overlooked in scholarly pursuits, captured the researchers' attention with their uncanny parallels to the dynamics of ATP finals and fictional bestsellers. The animated resilience of "The Powerpuff Girls" and the whimsical escapades in "SpongeBob SquarePants" offered unexpected parallels to the enthralling play-by-play of Murray's matches and the captivating narratives that dominated the New York Times Fiction Best Sellers list.

The literature review, therefore, not only sheds light on the statistical correlation between Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and New York Times Fiction Best Sellers but also offers a whimsical foray into the unforeseen connections that permeate the cultural zeitgeist. As the research unfolds, it becomes apparent that the interplay between sports excellence and literary acclaim is a multifaceted tapestry, weaving a narrative that transcends the boundaries of traditional scholarly inquiry.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and New York Times Fiction Best Sellers. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Wikipedia and Hawes . You used data from 2005 to 2014

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Murray's Matchmaking: Mapping the Marvelous Marriage of Andy Murray's ATP Appearances and New York Times Novels

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study untangles the tantalizing tie between the frequency of Andy Murray's appearances in ATP finals and the occurrences of New York Times Fiction Best Sellers. Leveraging data from Wikipedia and Hawes, we conducted a riveting analysis spanning the years 2005 to 2014. Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8505448, with the p-value indicating statistical significance at p < 0.01. The implications of this unexpected association open up a veritable treasure trove of ponderous possibilities, as we delve into the enigmatic intersection of sports excellence and literary acclaim. Musing on the mysterious synchronicity of these seemingly disparate realms, this research offers a whimsical window into the intersection of tennis triumphs and literary bestsellers, and prompts a reimagining of how we perceive the curious connections in the cultural zeitgeist.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
In the realm of sports and literature, peculiar connections often emerge, leaving researchers bewildered and readers amused. In a world where tennis rackets and paperbacks coexist, the entwining of Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and New York Times Fiction Best Sellers offers an intriguing tapestry of potential explanations, ranging from the truly serendipitous to the simply statistical.
The athletic prowess of Andy Murray, often likened to a well-crafted tale of triumph and resilience, has captivated tennis enthusiasts and literary aficionados alike. Conversely, the ebb and flow of New York Times Fiction Best Sellers has been a barometer of literary zeitgeist shifts, akin to the victories and defeats that punctuate a tennis match. Yet, could there be a hidden harmony between the two seemingly unrelated domains? This study endeavors to discern whether the intersection of Murray's athletic feats and the literary accolades captured by the New York Times Fiction Best Sellers list is more than just a coincidental collision.
The title "Murray's Matchmaking: Mapping the Marvelous Marriage of Andy Murray's ATP Appearances and New York Times Novels" hints at the whimsical journey we are about to embark upon. As we delve into the data, we ponder the possibility of a clandestine courtship between Murray's volleys and the nuanced narratives that capture readers' imaginations. Just as a well-constructed argument in academia can carry the elegance of a winning serve and a cunning volley, so too may the rhythm of Murray's tournament appearances flow in harmony with the crescendos of literary success.
While at first glance, this inquiry may seem as curious as a tennis player in a library or a bookworm on a tennis court, the findings indeed suggest a robust correlation between these two disparate realms. With statistical significance at p < 0.01 and a correlation coefficient of 0.8505448, one cannot help but marvel at the curious concordance uncovered by this investigation.
Thus, the aim of this paper is not only to elucidate the statistical link between Murray's ATP final appearances and New York Times Fiction Best Sellers but also to invite readers to ponder the whimsical interplay of athletic achievement and literary acclaim. As we confront this unexpected connection, we are reminded that the cultural landscape is teeming with unsuspected associations, waiting to be brought to light by the intrepid researcher's keen eye and the occasional stroke of scholarly serendipity.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To explore the elusive entanglement between Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and New York Times Fiction Best Sellers, this study adopted a multifaceted approach that could rival the dazzling variety of Murray's shot selection on the tennis court. Leveraging a vast array of data sources, including Wikipedia and the Hawes publications database, the research team meticulously compiled a comprehensive dataset spanning the years 2005 to 2014. While some might argue that using such diverse sources may introduce variability, we deemed it necessary to cast a wide net, akin to Murray's strategic court coverage, in capturing the full scope of both tennis and literary phenomena.

The tennis component of the investigation involved the compilation of data regarding Andy Murray's strides through the ATP tournaments, encompassing his remarkable forays into the tournament finals. The meticulous enumeration of these pinnacle appearances allowed for a nuanced analysis of Murray's consistency and proclivity for reaching the highest echelons of competition. Such an exhaustive examination could be likened to the scrutiny of a tennis official observing line calls, ensuring the precision of each inclusion in the dataset.

On the literary front, the New York Times Fiction Best Sellers list served as the lodestar for mapping the mercurial movements of popular novels across the years under scrutiny. Embracing the fluctuations in the literary landscape, we painstakingly recorded the ascent and descent of titles, evoking the image of a diligent reader tracking the peaks and troughs of a gripping narrative. The methodical identification and cataloging of these bestsellers sought to unravel the rhythm and resonance of literary acclaim, mirroring the discerning eye of a seasoned book critic.

With these two distinct datasets at hand, the next daunting challenge was to ascertain the existence of any meaningful relationship between Murray's ATP final appearances and the ebbs and flows of New York Times Fiction Best Sellers. Employing a rigorous statistical approach, the research team elected to calculate the correlation coefficient between these seemingly incongruent variables. The pursuit of this coefficient, akin to a tennis player calculating the angle of a high-velocity serve, furnished a numerical depiction of the association between Murray's tennis prowess and literary prominence.

Additionally, to gauge the robustness of the apparent association, the analysis delved into the realm of inferential statistics. Through the calculation of the p-value, the study sought to affirm whether the observed correlation between Murray's tennis triumphs and literary bestsellers transcended the veil of mere chance. The rigorous evaluation of statistical significance aimed to elevate the study from a mere confluence of data points to a meaningful exploration of the interplay between two seemingly disparate domains.

Furthermore, a series of sensitivity analyses were conducted to scrutinize the reliability and stability of the observed correlation. These additional analyses were akin to conducting multiple rounds of tennis matches to validate the consistency of a player's performance, thereby fortifying the robustness of the findings.

In summary, this methodological framework was structured to wield the analytical racquet with finesse and precision, allowing for a comprehensive exploration of the fascinating fusion between Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and the trajectories of New York Times Fiction Best Sellers. While the interplay between tennis feats and literary acclaim might initially seem as improbable as a tennis match in a library, the rigorous methods employed in this study aimed to uncover the unexpected concordance inherent in this curious convergence.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and New York Times Fiction Best Sellers. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Murray's Matchmaking: Mapping the Marvelous Marriage of Andy Murray's ATP Appearances and New York Times Novels

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study untangles the tantalizing tie between the frequency of Andy Murray's appearances in ATP finals and the occurrences of New York Times Fiction Best Sellers. Leveraging data from Wikipedia and Hawes, we conducted a riveting analysis spanning the years 2005 to 2014. Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8505448, with the p-value indicating statistical significance at p < 0.01. The implications of this unexpected association open up a veritable treasure trove of ponderous possibilities, as we delve into the enigmatic intersection of sports excellence and literary acclaim. Musing on the mysterious synchronicity of these seemingly disparate realms, this research offers a whimsical window into the intersection of tennis triumphs and literary bestsellers, and prompts a reimagining of how we perceive the curious connections in the cultural zeitgeist.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The literature regarding the intriguing intersection of Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and New York Times Fiction Best Sellers is as tantalizing as a well-placed drop shot. Smith et al. (2016) conducted a thorough analysis of Murray's tennis career, documenting his meteoric rise through the ranks of the ATP circuit. Similarly, Doe and Jones (2018) delved into the enigmatic world of New York Times Fiction Best Sellers, unraveling the idiosyncrasies of literary acclaim. However, as the search expanded to explore the correlation between these seemingly incongruent phenomena, the literature landscape took an unexpected turn.
In "The Art of Winning: Andy Murray's Path to Tennis Triumph," the authors find an exhaustive account of Murray's formidable performances on the ATP stage, detailing the highs and lows of his career with meticulous precision. Meanwhile, "Bestsellers Uncovered: Navigating the New York Times Fiction List" offers a comprehensive overview of the ebbs and flows of literary success, providing a riveting glimpse into the ever-shifting landscape of popular novels. However, as the search continued, the literature expanded into uncharted territory, meandering into unexpected realms that left the researchers utterly bewildered.
Upon venturing into the annals of non-fiction and fiction alike, a serendipitous revelation emerged. Clark's "Wordcraft: The Art and Science of Fiction Writing" unlocked a treasure trove of techniques employed by acclaimed authors, shedding light on the nuanced craft of storytelling. In a twist worthy of a gripping plot, "The Science of Sports: A Comprehensive Guide" by Adams unraveled the intricacies of athletic prowess, providing a stark contrast to the world of fictional narratives. However, the scholarly journey navigated further into unexplored territory, journeying into the whimsical world of literary creations that mirrored the rhythmic cadence of a well-fought tennis match.
The literature review then delved into the realm of fiction, and in a surprising turn of events, whimsical connections emerged. From the enchanting wizardry of "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" to the unyielding resilience portrayed in "The Old Man and the Sea," the whimsy of literature seemed to echo the ebbs and flows of a riveting tennis match. The unexpected linkage between Ernest Hemingway's timeless tale and Murray's tenacious performances was a delight to uncover, prompting the researchers to ponder the enigmatic synergy between literature and athletic prowess.
As the literature search took an even more unexpected turn, the examination of cultural phenomena extended to the realm of popular culture. Cartoons and children's shows, typically overlooked in scholarly pursuits, captured the researchers' attention with their uncanny parallels to the dynamics of ATP finals and fictional bestsellers. The animated resilience of "The Powerpuff Girls" and the whimsical escapades in "SpongeBob SquarePants" offered unexpected parallels to the enthralling play-by-play of Murray's matches and the captivating narratives that dominated the New York Times Fiction Best Sellers list.
The literature review, therefore, not only sheds light on the statistical correlation between Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and New York Times Fiction Best Sellers but also offers a whimsical foray into the unforeseen connections that permeate the cultural zeitgeist. As the research unfolds, it becomes apparent that the interplay between sports excellence and literary acclaim is a multifaceted tapestry, weaving a narrative that transcends the boundaries of traditional scholarly inquiry.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our analysis unveiled a remarkable correlation between Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and the occurrences of New York Times Fiction Best Sellers. From 2005 to 2014, we found a correlation coefficient of 0.8505448, indicating a strong positive relationship between these seemingly unrelated domains. This robust association was further supported by an r-squared value of 0.7234264, underscoring the substantial proportion of variance shared by the two variables. Notably, the p-value of less than 0.01 attests to the statistical significance of this intriguing connection, dismissing any notions of mere happenstance or random chance.
The scatterplot (Fig. 1) included in this analysis visually encapsulates the compelling correlation, as the data points elegantly cluster around a diagonal trend line, showcasing the harmonious dance between Murray's feats on the court and the literary triumphs on the bookshelves. It is a symphony of sports and storytelling, a ballet of backhands and bestsellers, a melodious match-up that defies conventional expectations and beguiles the imagination.
The strength of this correlation prompts a reevaluation of our understanding of the trajectories of athletic achievement and literary prominence. Might there be an intangible resonance between the grit and glory witnessed on the tennis court and the captivating narratives that enthrall readers? One could muse endlessly on the parallels between the episodic drama of a five-set match and the narrative arcs of a bestselling novel, but the data beckon us to ponder a more concrete connection.
As we espouse the revelatory nature of these findings, we must acknowledge the limitations of our study. While the rigorous examination of the data has illuminated an undeniable correlation, the precise mechanisms underlying this connection remain shrouded in the enigmatic mist of statistical inference. Future research endeavors may delve deeper into the intricacies of this relationship, unraveling the threads that bind Murray's athletic odyssey to the literary tapestry of the New York Times Fiction Best Sellers list.
In conclusion, this investigation not only sheds light on the curious correlation between Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and New York Times Fiction Best Sellers but also beckons us to ponder the whimsical interplay of athletic prowess and literary acclaim. The intersection of these seemingly disparate domains sparks a tantalizing conversation, inviting scholars and enthusiasts alike to contemplate the unexpected connections that infuse our cultural landscape with an ineffable charm and intrigue.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The remarkable correlation between Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and the occurrences of New York Times Fiction Best Sellers underscores the intriguing interplay between the realms of sports excellence and literary acclaim. Our findings align with prior research on the topic, lending empirical support to the whimsical connections unveiled in the literature review. The unexpected parallels between Murray's tennis prowess and the ebb and flow of literary triumphs beckon us to reconsider the conventional boundaries that demarcate these seemingly disparate domains.

Lending credence to the serendipitous revelation in Clark's "Wordcraft: The Art and Science of Fiction Writing," our results affirm the intangible resonance between the nuanced craft of storytelling and the athletic prowess witnessed on the tennis court. Just as a well-crafted narrative enthralls readers with its crescendos and resolutions, Murray's noteworthy performances seem to possess a compelling narrative structure that captivates fans and pundits alike. This unanticipated congruence prompts a reimagining of the entrenched dichotomy between the artistry of fiction and the dynamism of athletic competition, urging us to peer through an unconventional lens that blurs the boundaries of creativity and athleticism.

Moreover, the unexpected correlations between Murray's ATP final appearances and the New York Times Fiction Best Sellers echo the surprising parallels unearthed in the literature review. From the resilient determination portrayed in "The Old Man and the Sea" to the enthralling escapades of "SpongeBob SquarePants," the whimsical connections between literary narratives and the theatrical performances witnessed on the tennis court offer a delightful foray into the unforeseen realms of cultural phenomena. This delightful correspondence provides an avenue for scholars and enthusiasts to ponder the unexpected interplay of sports and storytelling, enticing us to revel in the whimsy of these unconventional intersections.

While the precise mechanisms underpinning this remarkable correlation remain shrouded in the enigmatic mist of statistical inference, our study offers a cogent foundation for future research endeavors. By delving deeper into the intricate threads that bind Murray's athletic odyssey to the literary tapestry of the New York Times Fiction Best Sellers list, scholars may unravel the enigmatic synergy that permeates these seemingly disparate domains. This scholarly pursuit holds the promise of unveiling an intriguing treasure trove of insights, beckoning us to contemplate the curiously compelling connections that animate the cultural zeitgeist with an ineffable charm and intrigue.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and New York Times Fiction Best Sellers. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Murray's Matchmaking: Mapping the Marvelous Marriage of Andy Murray's ATP Appearances and New York Times Novels

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study untangles the tantalizing tie between the frequency of Andy Murray's appearances in ATP finals and the occurrences of New York Times Fiction Best Sellers. Leveraging data from Wikipedia and Hawes, we conducted a riveting analysis spanning the years 2005 to 2014. Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8505448, with the p-value indicating statistical significance at p < 0.01. The implications of this unexpected association open up a veritable treasure trove of ponderous possibilities, as we delve into the enigmatic intersection of sports excellence and literary acclaim. Musing on the mysterious synchronicity of these seemingly disparate realms, this research offers a whimsical window into the intersection of tennis triumphs and literary bestsellers, and prompts a reimagining of how we perceive the curious connections in the cultural zeitgeist.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
In the realm of sports and literature, peculiar connections often emerge, leaving researchers bewildered and readers amused. In a world where tennis rackets and paperbacks coexist, the entwining of Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and New York Times Fiction Best Sellers offers an intriguing tapestry of potential explanations, ranging from the truly serendipitous to the simply statistical.
The athletic prowess of Andy Murray, often likened to a well-crafted tale of triumph and resilience, has captivated tennis enthusiasts and literary aficionados alike. Conversely, the ebb and flow of New York Times Fiction Best Sellers has been a barometer of literary zeitgeist shifts, akin to the victories and defeats that punctuate a tennis match. Yet, could there be a hidden harmony between the two seemingly unrelated domains? This study endeavors to discern whether the intersection of Murray's athletic feats and the literary accolades captured by the New York Times Fiction Best Sellers list is more than just a coincidental collision.
The title "Murray's Matchmaking: Mapping the Marvelous Marriage of Andy Murray's ATP Appearances and New York Times Novels" hints at the whimsical journey we are about to embark upon. As we delve into the data, we ponder the possibility of a clandestine courtship between Murray's volleys and the nuanced narratives that capture readers' imaginations. Just as a well-constructed argument in academia can carry the elegance of a winning serve and a cunning volley, so too may the rhythm of Murray's tournament appearances flow in harmony with the crescendos of literary success.
While at first glance, this inquiry may seem as curious as a tennis player in a library or a bookworm on a tennis court, the findings indeed suggest a robust correlation between these two disparate realms. With statistical significance at p < 0.01 and a correlation coefficient of 0.8505448, one cannot help but marvel at the curious concordance uncovered by this investigation.
Thus, the aim of this paper is not only to elucidate the statistical link between Murray's ATP final appearances and New York Times Fiction Best Sellers but also to invite readers to ponder the whimsical interplay of athletic achievement and literary acclaim. As we confront this unexpected connection, we are reminded that the cultural landscape is teeming with unsuspected associations, waiting to be brought to light by the intrepid researcher's keen eye and the occasional stroke of scholarly serendipity.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our analysis unveiled a remarkable correlation between Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and the occurrences of New York Times Fiction Best Sellers. From 2005 to 2014, we found a correlation coefficient of 0.8505448, indicating a strong positive relationship between these seemingly unrelated domains. This robust association was further supported by an r-squared value of 0.7234264, underscoring the substantial proportion of variance shared by the two variables. Notably, the p-value of less than 0.01 attests to the statistical significance of this intriguing connection, dismissing any notions of mere happenstance or random chance.
The scatterplot (Fig. 1) included in this analysis visually encapsulates the compelling correlation, as the data points elegantly cluster around a diagonal trend line, showcasing the harmonious dance between Murray's feats on the court and the literary triumphs on the bookshelves. It is a symphony of sports and storytelling, a ballet of backhands and bestsellers, a melodious match-up that defies conventional expectations and beguiles the imagination.
The strength of this correlation prompts a reevaluation of our understanding of the trajectories of athletic achievement and literary prominence. Might there be an intangible resonance between the grit and glory witnessed on the tennis court and the captivating narratives that enthrall readers? One could muse endlessly on the parallels between the episodic drama of a five-set match and the narrative arcs of a bestselling novel, but the data beckon us to ponder a more concrete connection.
As we espouse the revelatory nature of these findings, we must acknowledge the limitations of our study. While the rigorous examination of the data has illuminated an undeniable correlation, the precise mechanisms underlying this connection remain shrouded in the enigmatic mist of statistical inference. Future research endeavors may delve deeper into the intricacies of this relationship, unraveling the threads that bind Murray's athletic odyssey to the literary tapestry of the New York Times Fiction Best Sellers list.
In conclusion, this investigation not only sheds light on the curious correlation between Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and New York Times Fiction Best Sellers but also beckons us to ponder the whimsical interplay of athletic prowess and literary acclaim. The intersection of these seemingly disparate domains sparks a tantalizing conversation, inviting scholars and enthusiasts alike to contemplate the unexpected connections that infuse our cultural landscape with an ineffable charm and intrigue.

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Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In wrapping up our exploration of the enthralling entanglement between Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and New York Times Fiction Best Sellers, we are reminded of the whimsical ways in which the tapestry of cultural phenomena weaves itself. The robust correlation coefficient of 0.8505448, backed by a p-value of less than 0.01, undeniably points to a significant connection between Murray's tennis prowess and the literary accolades celebrated by the New York Times.

The evidence is as clear as a perfectly executed backhand - there is a definite harmonious dance between Murray's victories on the court and the triumphs of literature. While some may attribute this correlation to mere coincidence, we like to think of it as a serendipitous symphony, where the aces and chapters align in a delightful duet of unexpected partnership.

The scatterplot visually encapsulates this delightful correlation, akin to a perfectly choreographed waltz between success on the court and success on the shelves. It's truly a tale of two cities - or in this case, a tale of two realms - that have found an unexpected harmony, much like a well-matched doubles team.

While it is tempting to ponder the ins and outs of this connection, we must acknowledge that our study is but a first step onto the luscious lawn of understanding. Further research may plumb the depths of this relationship, uncovering the subtle undercurrents that bind the flick of a forehand to the turn of a page.

In light of our findings, we can confidently conclude that no more research on the connection between Andy Murray's ATP final appearances and New York Times Fiction Best Sellers is needed. We have, as they say, aced it.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Murray's Matchmaking: Mapping the Marvelous Marriage of Andy Murray's ATP Appearances and New York Times Novels. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Tennis and Literary Analysis

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Murray's Matchmaking: Mapping the Marvelous Marriage of Andy Murray's ATP Appearances and New York Times Novels. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Sport and Literature Integration (SSLI)

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Murray's Matchmaking: Mapping the Marvelous Marriage of Andy Murray's ATP Appearances and New York Times Novels with an abstract of This study untangles the tantalizing tie between the frequency of Andy Murray's appearances in ATP finals and the occurrences of New York Times Fiction Best Sellers. Leveraging data from Wikipedia and Hawes, we conducted a riveting analysis spanning the years 2005 to 2014. Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8505448, with the p-value indicating statistical significance at p < 0.01. The implications of this unexpected association open up a veritable treasure trove of ponderous possibilities, as we delve into the enigmatic intersection of sports excellence and literary acclaim. Musing on the mysterious synchronicity of these seemingly disparate realms, this research offers a whimsical window into the intersection of tennis triumphs and literary bestsellers, and prompts a reimagining of how we perceive the curious connections in the cultural zeitgeist.

ChatGPT:

Andy Murray, ATP finals, New York Times, novels, correlation, literary acclaim, sports excellence, cultural zeitgeist, Andy Murray appearances, bestsellers, tennis, literary analysis

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Andy Murray's ATP final appearances
Source: Wikipedia
See what else correlates with Andy Murray's ATP final appearances

New York Times Fiction Best Sellers
Detailed data title: Number of unique fictional books on the New York Times Best Seller List (counting repeat books only once)
Source: Hawes
See what else correlates with New York Times Fiction Best Sellers

Correlation r = 0.8505448 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.7234264 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 72.3% of the change in the one variable (i.e., New York Times Fiction Best Sellers) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Andy Murray's ATP final appearances) over the 10 years from 2005 through 2014.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 0.0018.^Show 0.0018152169460407587000000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.85 in 0.18% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 551 random variables^Note Which I absolutely did.
with the same 9 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 9 because we have two variables measured over a period of 10 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.48, 0.96 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
Andy Murray's ATP final appearances (Final Played)	1	2	4	6	7	4	6	7	5	3
New York Times Fiction Best Sellers (NYT Best Sellers)	23	20	20	34	35	31	36	35	31	20

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. ^Note Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([1,2,4,6,7,4,6,7,5,3,])
array_2 = np.array([23,20,20,34,35,31,36,35,31,20,])
array_1_name = "Andy Murray's ATP final appearances"
array_2_name = "New York Times Fiction Best Sellers"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Andy Murray's ATP final appearances
Line chart for only New York Times Fiction Best Sellers
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Murray's Matchmaking: Mapping the Marvelous Marriage of Andy Murray's ATP Appearances and New York Times Novels

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Correlation ID: 2457 · Black Variable ID: 94 · Red Variable ID: 96


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