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AI explanation

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: [ Whimsical illustration ] In a Louisiana town, the night sky is dotted with twinkling stars and a bright, mysterious light hovers above. People of all ages gather outside, gazing up with wide-eyed wonder and animated expressions. The townsfolk are shown in a variety of outfits, from overalls to dresses to military uniforms, reflecting the diverse nature of the community. Children point excitedly while adults converse animatedly, their body language expressing curiosity and amazement. Some individuals are depicted holding quirky homemade contraptions, representing the inventive ideas sparked by the celestial phenomenon. In the backdrop, a quaint town square with cobbled streets and charming southern architecture sets the stage for the scene. The dimly lit buildings exude a warm, inviting glow, with flickering lamplight emanating from the windows. A sense of togetherness and shared intrigue permeates the illustration, as the townspeople bond over their collective fascination with the mysterious light. In a separate scene adjacent to the town square, a bustling office of patent officers is shown diligently processing a higher number of applications. The whimsical touch is captured in the form of quirky machinery and fantastical inventions displayed on desks and hanging from the ceiling. Louisianans are depicted filing patents for their new technological creations inspired by the UFO sightings, showcasing the tangible impact of the celestial event on their creative endeavors. Overall, the illustration presents a vibrant and enchanting visual narrative that encapsulates the transformative power of inspiration from the unknown, bringing to life the whimsy and inventive spirit fueled by the otherworldly phenomena. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

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This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: UFO sightings in Louisiana and Patents granted in the US. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Art nouveau a meme Brutalism Magic realism Whimsical illustration
ChatGPT: Whimsical illustration

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both UFO sightings in Louisiana and Patents granted in the US, in the following situation: The increase in UFO sightings in Louisiana led to a surge in interest in outer space technology and innovation. As people gazed at the mysterious lights in the sky, their curiosity sparked a wave of inventive thinking. This ultimately resulted in a higher number of patents being granted in the US, as Louisianans endeavored to create new technology that could potentially connect with or defend against extraterrestrial visitors. The UFO sightings acted as a catalyst for out-of-this-world creativity, proving that sometimes, inspiration truly can come from the great unknown!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a Louisiana town, people gather outside at night, gazing up at the sky where a bright, mysterious light hovers. Their collective curiosity sparks inventive ideas, as they discuss and brainstorm about technology and innovation related to outer space. Meanwhile, in a separate scene, patent officers in the US process a higher number of applications, as Louisianans submit their new technological creations. The surge in patents reflects the impact of the UFO sightings, showing how inspiration from the unknown leads to inventive solutions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Whimsical illustration ] and depicting this scene: In a Louisiana town, people gather outside at night, gazing up at the sky where a bright, mysterious light hovers. Their collective curiosity sparks inventive ideas, as they discuss and brainstorm about technology and innovation related to outer space. Meanwhile, in a separate scene, patent officers in the US process a higher number of applications, as Louisianans submit their new technological creations. The surge in patents reflects the impact of the UFO sightings, showing how inspiration from the unknown leads to inventive solutions. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: [ Whimsical illustration ] In a Louisiana town, the night sky is dotted with twinkling stars and a bright, mysterious light hovers above. People of all ages gather outside, gazing up with wide-eyed wonder and animated expressions. The townsfolk are shown in a variety of outfits, from overalls to dresses to military uniforms, reflecting the diverse nature of the community. Children point excitedly while adults converse animatedly, their body language expressing curiosity and amazement. Some individuals are depicted holding quirky homemade contraptions, representing the inventive ideas sparked by the celestial phenomenon. In the backdrop, a quaint town square with cobbled streets and charming southern architecture sets the stage for the scene. The dimly lit buildings exude a warm, inviting glow, with flickering lamplight emanating from the windows. A sense of togetherness and shared intrigue permeates the illustration, as the townspeople bond over their collective fascination with the mysterious light. In a separate scene adjacent to the town square, a bustling office of patent officers is shown diligently processing a higher number of applications. The whimsical touch is captured in the form of quirky machinery and fantastical inventions displayed on desks and hanging from the ceiling. Louisianans are depicted filing patents for their new technological creations inspired by the UFO sightings, showcasing the tangible impact of the celestial event on their creative endeavors. Overall, the illustration presents a vibrant and enchanting visual narrative that encapsulates the transformative power of inspiration from the unknown, bringing to life the whimsy and inventive spirit fueled by the otherworldly phenomena.

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*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

AI academic paper

Luminous Louisiana: Linking UFO Sightings and US Patent Grants The Journal of Extraterrestrial Engineering and Research (JEER) Jan 2024 Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

Problem variable:	Which variable has a problem? UFO sightings in Louisiana Patents granted in the US Neither / both
Issue:	What is the issue? The data is incorrect The chart isn't displaying properly There is a typo The source link is incorrect A calculation is wrong Something else
Additional details: Optional
Confirm you are a human:

Data details

Why this works

1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
   no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
   p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([3,4,3,5,7,2,2,4,2,2,3,2,1,6,4,4,0,2,4,2,3,8,8,11,20,21,15,22,31,41,29,27,23,44,54,28,33,41,49,101,59,45,33,25,41,38,])
array_2 = np.array([76810,75388,69781,70514,52413,66170,71064,63276,61982,72650,77245,76862,89385,84272,102533,99077,106696,107394,109746,113587,113834,121696,124069,163142,169085,175979,183970,184375,187012,181299,157718,196405,182899,185224,191927,244341,247713,276788,302948,326032,325980,333583,351403,339992,391103,388900,])
array_1_name = "UFO sightings in Louisiana"
array_2_name = "Patents granted in the US"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

• High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.
  
  If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.
  
  Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
  
• High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
• Alternative high resolution line chart
• Scatterplot
• Portable line chart (png)
• Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
• Line chart for only UFO sightings in Louisiana
• Line chart for only Patents granted in the US
• AI-generated correlation image
• The spurious research paper: Luminous Louisiana: Linking UFO Sightings and US Patent Grants