Spurious correlation #2,432 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Associates degrees awarded in Dental assisting and the second variable is Runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. The chart goes from 2011 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Associates degrees awarded in Dental assisting and the second variable is Runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. The chart goes from 2011 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As the number of dental assistants with Associates degrees has risen, so has the level of tooth care awareness. This has inadvertently led to an increase in the number of Orioles' fans with healthier teeth, allowing them to cheer more vigorously and thus positively impacting the team's performance on the field. It's a case of the whole city smiling brighter, and the Orioles hitting it out of the park!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image of a futuristic cybernetic stadium bathed in brilliant sunlight, where dental assisting graduates are joyously celebrating amidst a sea of vibrant smiles. The graduates' exuberant energy radiates to the Baltimore Orioles players, who are surrounded by an electrifying aura. As the collective power of the beaming smiles reverberates through the stadium, the crowd erupts with uncontainable joy as the team scores a flurry of runs, igniting the atmosphere with a contagious boost of positivity. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Associates degrees awarded in Dental assisting and Runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Woodblock painting Photorealism Magic realism Cybernetic art Scalar art
ChatGPT: Cybernetic art

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Associates degrees awarded in Dental assisting and Runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles, in the following situation: As more people became dental assistants, the collective smile power increased, leading to an uplifting wave of positive energy that resonated with the Baltimore Orioles players, resulting in a surge of runs scored. It's like a chain reaction of infectious smiles leading to home runs!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a sunny stadium, dental assisting graduates are celebrating their accomplishments with bright smiles, creating an atmosphere filled with positivity. As the energy spreads, the Baltimore Orioles players receive a contagious boost, and the crowd erupts with joy as the team scores a flurry of runs, fueled by the collective power of the beaming smiles.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Cybernetic art ] and depicting this scene: In a sunny stadium, dental assisting graduates are celebrating their accomplishments with bright smiles, creating an atmosphere filled with positivity. As the energy spreads, the Baltimore Orioles players receive a contagious boost, and the crowd erupts with joy as the team scores a flurry of runs, fueled by the collective power of the beaming smiles. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image of a futuristic cybernetic stadium bathed in brilliant sunlight, where dental assisting graduates are joyously celebrating amidst a sea of vibrant smiles. The graduates' exuberant energy radiates to the Baltimore Orioles players, who are surrounded by an electrifying aura. As the collective power of the beaming smiles reverberates through the stadium, the crowd erupts with uncontainable joy as the team scores a flurry of runs, igniting the atmosphere with a contagious boost of positivity.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how increases in Associates degrees awarded in Dental assisting positively influenced Runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. Make it feel plausible.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Smile for the Home Team: The Interplay of Dental Assisting Associates Degrees and Runs Scored by the Baltimore Orioles

The Journal of Sports Dentistry and Statistical Analysis

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Dental assisting and Runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then you might move on to cartoons and children's shows that you watched for research.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Smile for the Home Team: The Interplay of Dental Assisting Associates Degrees and Runs Scored by the Baltimore Orioles"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study dives into the unlikely relationship between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Dental Assisting and the runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. While seemingly unrelated, our research team delved into the statistics - both educational and athletic - to determine if there is any discernible link between the two. We discovered a correlation coefficient of 0.9113451 and p < 0.01 for the time period spanning from 2011 to 2021.

Now, you may be wondering, what do baseball and dental assisting have in common? Well, the answer is quite simple – they both involve a lot of drilling! It's a shame, really, that we couldn't squeeze in a dentist and an umpire into a joke together, but it was just too tough to pull off without it feeling a little forced.

Our findings indicate that as the number of Dental Assisting Associates degrees awarded increases, so does the number of runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. It's almost like the players are getting a toothache and hitting the ball harder in a fit of dental frustration. As my dentist always says, "I'll have to prepare you for a root canal if you don't start flossing regularly. And by prepare, I mean mentally. It's already a pain in the tooth just thinking about it."

In conclusion, while the connection between these variables may seem as elusive as a hard-to-reach molar, our research suggests a curious and somewhat comical relationship between the tooth and the ballgame. It's safe to say that this correlation has truly given us something to smile about - just remember to brush and floss after every meal, even if you're playing baseball!

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
Whether discussing the intricacies of dental health or the nuances of America's favorite pastime, both typically involve a fair amount of statistics and a great deal of patience. And as any good researcher knows, sometimes the most unexpected correlations can emerge from the most unlikely pairings. Just like when your dentist makes a filling but charges you an arm and a tooth – I guess that's why they call it the "drill" of dentistry!
The relationship between the confounding variables of Associates degrees awarded in Dental Assisting and the runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles may seem about as likely as a home run hit with a toothbrush. However, as with any good mystery, it's important to dig deep – much like searching for a wayward tooth in a game of baseball where nobody told the tooth fairy that a ball had been involved.
In this study, we set out to explore whether there might be an underlying connection between the number of aspiring dental assistants entering the workforce and the performance of Baltimore's finest on the baseball diamond. It's almost as if the dental aspirations of young scholars are solidifying into home runs on the field – a true case of hitting it out of the park, both literally and figuratively.
While some may argue that the only association between dental assisting and the Orioles is the need for a good set of teeth to enjoy a game, our data paints a different picture. It's clear that as dental assisting degrees increase, so do the runs scored by the Orioles. Who knew that the secret to baseball success was hiding in the floss of future dental professionals? It's as if the players have finally found their "sweet spot" – which, coincidentally, is precisely where they should be aiming for on the field.
As we delve deeper into this unexpected connection, it's worth noting that baseball and dentistry do share a few commonalities. For one, both require precision – whether it's hitting a fastball or drilling a cavity, there's no room for error. And while the Orioles have certainly experienced their fair share of "pain points" in recent seasons, it seems that a surge in dental graduates is providing just the remedy they need to turn the tide. As my dentist always says, "The only thing more important than a good swing is a good floss – and that's not just a gap year."
In conclusion, our study sheds light on a peculiar yet compelling association between dental assisting education and the performance of a Major League Baseball team. It seems that there's more to this correlation than meets the eye – perhaps a hidden tooth or two, or maybe just a great big smile waiting to emerge. After all, it's not every day that a research project leaves you grinning from ear to ear, much like the feeling of hitting a grand slam or finally getting that cavity filled.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

To contextualize the seemingly unconventional partnership between Associates degrees awarded in Dental Assisting and the performance of the Baltimore Orioles, our review of related literature encompasses a diverse array of scholarly inquiries and theoretical investigations. In "Dental Assisting: A Comprehensive Approach," Smith et al. underscore the significance of dental education in shaping the future workforce of oral health professionals. Simultaneously, in "Baseball and Beyond: The Athletic Adventures of America's Favorite Game," Doe and Jones elucidate the multifaceted nature of baseball as a cultural phenomenon intertwined with statistics and performance. These foundational studies provide essential frameworks for understanding the underpinnings of our current inquiry.

As we transition from the conventional to the unconventional, the literature review expands to encompass alternative perspectives. "The Cavity Crew Chronicles" and "The Tooth Fairy Tales" novels, although fictitious, offer imaginative narratives integrating elements of dental care and mythical creatures - perhaps serving as metaphors for the fantastical connection between dental education and baseball statistics. Moving onto the whimsical realm, the colorful cast of "Arthur" and "SpongeBob SquarePants" provides a lighthearted lens through which to view unexpected correlations, underscoring the playful nature of our unique investigation.

Much like a well-crafted joke, our literature review is not simply a rehashing of established facts and figures. Instead, it is a presentation of divergent viewpoints and unanticipated connections. Just as a punster weaves a thread of humor through seemingly disparate elements, our study seeks to thread the needle between the worlds of dental education and professional sports. It's like finding the perfect punchline in an unexpected place - a grand slam of intellectual inquiry, if you will.

In the words of my dentist, "A good laugh is the best medicine – well, next to brushing and flossing, of course." With this sentiment in mind, we venture into the heart of our investigation, embracing the unconventional, and perhaps, the downright comical associations between dental education and baseball prowess. After all, who says a scholarly pursuit can't also be a grand slam of humor and insight?

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Dental assisting and Runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National Center for Education Statistics and Baseball-Reference.com . You used data from 2011 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Smile for the Home Team: The Interplay of Dental Assisting Associates Degrees and Runs Scored by the Baltimore Orioles"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study dives into the unlikely relationship between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Dental Assisting and the runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. While seemingly unrelated, our research team delved into the statistics - both educational and athletic - to determine if there is any discernible link between the two. We discovered a correlation coefficient of 0.9113451 and p < 0.01 for the time period spanning from 2011 to 2021.

Now, you may be wondering, what do baseball and dental assisting have in common? Well, the answer is quite simple – they both involve a lot of drilling! It's a shame, really, that we couldn't squeeze in a dentist and an umpire into a joke together, but it was just too tough to pull off without it feeling a little forced.

Our findings indicate that as the number of Dental Assisting Associates degrees awarded increases, so does the number of runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. It's almost like the players are getting a toothache and hitting the ball harder in a fit of dental frustration. As my dentist always says, "I'll have to prepare you for a root canal if you don't start flossing regularly. And by prepare, I mean mentally. It's already a pain in the tooth just thinking about it."

In conclusion, while the connection between these variables may seem as elusive as a hard-to-reach molar, our research suggests a curious and somewhat comical relationship between the tooth and the ballgame. It's safe to say that this correlation has truly given us something to smile about - just remember to brush and floss after every meal, even if you're playing baseball!

[[INTRODUCTION]]
Whether discussing the intricacies of dental health or the nuances of America's favorite pastime, both typically involve a fair amount of statistics and a great deal of patience. And as any good researcher knows, sometimes the most unexpected correlations can emerge from the most unlikely pairings. Just like when your dentist makes a filling but charges you an arm and a tooth – I guess that's why they call it the "drill" of dentistry!
The relationship between the confounding variables of Associates degrees awarded in Dental Assisting and the runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles may seem about as likely as a home run hit with a toothbrush. However, as with any good mystery, it's important to dig deep – much like searching for a wayward tooth in a game of baseball where nobody told the tooth fairy that a ball had been involved.
In this study, we set out to explore whether there might be an underlying connection between the number of aspiring dental assistants entering the workforce and the performance of Baltimore's finest on the baseball diamond. It's almost as if the dental aspirations of young scholars are solidifying into home runs on the field – a true case of hitting it out of the park, both literally and figuratively.
While some may argue that the only association between dental assisting and the Orioles is the need for a good set of teeth to enjoy a game, our data paints a different picture. It's clear that as dental assisting degrees increase, so do the runs scored by the Orioles. Who knew that the secret to baseball success was hiding in the floss of future dental professionals? It's as if the players have finally found their "sweet spot" – which, coincidentally, is precisely where they should be aiming for on the field.
As we delve deeper into this unexpected connection, it's worth noting that baseball and dentistry do share a few commonalities. For one, both require precision – whether it's hitting a fastball or drilling a cavity, there's no room for error. And while the Orioles have certainly experienced their fair share of "pain points" in recent seasons, it seems that a surge in dental graduates is providing just the remedy they need to turn the tide. As my dentist always says, "The only thing more important than a good swing is a good floss – and that's not just a gap year."
In conclusion, our study sheds light on a peculiar yet compelling association between dental assisting education and the performance of a Major League Baseball team. It seems that there's more to this correlation than meets the eye – perhaps a hidden tooth or two, or maybe just a great big smile waiting to emerge. After all, it's not every day that a research project leaves you grinning from ear to ear, much like the feeling of hitting a grand slam or finally getting that cavity filled.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

So, how exactly did we go about unraveling the dental-baseball conundrum, you ask? Well, we didn't need a crystal ball to figure it out, just a whole lot of data and a dash of good humor. Our approach was as methodical as it was mirthful, encompassing both statistical analysis and a healthy appreciation for the game of baseball – because let's face it, who doesn't love a good stretch in the baseball diamond?

First off, we moseyed on over to the National Center for Education Statistics to get our hands on the number of Associates degrees awarded in Dental Assisting from 2011 to 2021. It was like sifting through mounds of dental floss to find that one stubborn piece stuck between your teeth – quite the meticulous task, but oh-so-satisfying when you finally get it out! We then sauntered over to Baseball-Reference.com to gather the runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles during the same time frame. It's a good thing we had our statistical gloves on, because we were about to hit a statistical home run of our own.

Now, did we consider the possibility that our data might unveil a case of sheer randomness, akin to someone randomly hitting a home run with a toothbrush? Absolutely! To account for potential confounding variables, we employed a robust statistical model that controlled for factors such as team performance, player acquisitions, and the ever-elusive "baseball luck." We also adjusted for any external influences that could skew our findings, such as the presence of dental-themed promotions at Oriole Park at Camden Yards. I guess you could say we were intent on drilling down to the core of the matter, much like a dentist digging deep to find the root cause of a pesky toothache.

Keeping an eye on statistical significance, we calculated a correlation coefficient to measure the strength and direction of the relationship between the number of Dental Assisting Associates degrees awarded and the runs scored by the Orioles. The results were as clear as a freshly polished set of pearly whites – a correlation coefficient of 0.9113451 with p < 0.01. It was a statistical home run, if you will, confirming that there was indeed a meaningful connection between these seemingly incongruous variables. It's almost like hitting a walk-off grand slam with a toothbrush instead of a bat – unlikely, but undeniably awe-inspiring.

With our data in hand and our statistical arsenal fully loaded, we set out to unravel the mystery behind the coalescence of dental education and America's favorite pastime. It was a journey filled with surprising revelations, a fair share of dental puns, and a newfound appreciation for the delightful absurdity of research. Just like a good toothpaste commercial, our methodology left us feeling minty fresh and ready to share our revelatory findings with the world!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Dental assisting and Runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National Center for Education Statistics and Baseball-Reference.com .

For the time period 2011 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.9113451, r-squared of 0.8305500, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Smile for the Home Team: The Interplay of Dental Assisting Associates Degrees and Runs Scored by the Baltimore Orioles"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study dives into the unlikely relationship between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Dental Assisting and the runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. While seemingly unrelated, our research team delved into the statistics - both educational and athletic - to determine if there is any discernible link between the two. We discovered a correlation coefficient of 0.9113451 and p < 0.01 for the time period spanning from 2011 to 2021.

Now, you may be wondering, what do baseball and dental assisting have in common? Well, the answer is quite simple – they both involve a lot of drilling! It's a shame, really, that we couldn't squeeze in a dentist and an umpire into a joke together, but it was just too tough to pull off without it feeling a little forced.

Our findings indicate that as the number of Dental Assisting Associates degrees awarded increases, so does the number of runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. It's almost like the players are getting a toothache and hitting the ball harder in a fit of dental frustration. As my dentist always says, "I'll have to prepare you for a root canal if you don't start flossing regularly. And by prepare, I mean mentally. It's already a pain in the tooth just thinking about it."

In conclusion, while the connection between these variables may seem as elusive as a hard-to-reach molar, our research suggests a curious and somewhat comical relationship between the tooth and the ballgame. It's safe to say that this correlation has truly given us something to smile about - just remember to brush and floss after every meal, even if you're playing baseball!

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
Whether discussing the intricacies of dental health or the nuances of America's favorite pastime, both typically involve a fair amount of statistics and a great deal of patience. And as any good researcher knows, sometimes the most unexpected correlations can emerge from the most unlikely pairings. Just like when your dentist makes a filling but charges you an arm and a tooth – I guess that's why they call it the "drill" of dentistry!
The relationship between the confounding variables of Associates degrees awarded in Dental Assisting and the runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles may seem about as likely as a home run hit with a toothbrush. However, as with any good mystery, it's important to dig deep – much like searching for a wayward tooth in a game of baseball where nobody told the tooth fairy that a ball had been involved.
In this study, we set out to explore whether there might be an underlying connection between the number of aspiring dental assistants entering the workforce and the performance of Baltimore's finest on the baseball diamond. It's almost as if the dental aspirations of young scholars are solidifying into home runs on the field – a true case of hitting it out of the park, both literally and figuratively.
While some may argue that the only association between dental assisting and the Orioles is the need for a good set of teeth to enjoy a game, our data paints a different picture. It's clear that as dental assisting degrees increase, so do the runs scored by the Orioles. Who knew that the secret to baseball success was hiding in the floss of future dental professionals? It's as if the players have finally found their "sweet spot" – which, coincidentally, is precisely where they should be aiming for on the field.
As we delve deeper into this unexpected connection, it's worth noting that baseball and dentistry do share a few commonalities. For one, both require precision – whether it's hitting a fastball or drilling a cavity, there's no room for error. And while the Orioles have certainly experienced their fair share of "pain points" in recent seasons, it seems that a surge in dental graduates is providing just the remedy they need to turn the tide. As my dentist always says, "The only thing more important than a good swing is a good floss – and that's not just a gap year."
In conclusion, our study sheds light on a peculiar yet compelling association between dental assisting education and the performance of a Major League Baseball team. It seems that there's more to this correlation than meets the eye – perhaps a hidden tooth or two, or maybe just a great big smile waiting to emerge. After all, it's not every day that a research project leaves you grinning from ear to ear, much like the feeling of hitting a grand slam or finally getting that cavity filled.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

During the period from 2011 to 2021, our analysis revealed a remarkably strong correlation between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Dental Assisting and the runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. With a correlation coefficient of 0.9113451 and an r-squared value of 0.8305500, our findings suggest a robust positive relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. In statistical terms, this correlation is about as clear as a pearly white smile after a thorough cleaning.

As shown in Fig. 1, the scatterplot illustrates the unmistakable upward trend, resembling the satisfying feeling of hitting a home run in the field of statistical analysis. Perhaps the Orioles should consider adding a dental drill to their equipment – after all, precision is crucial both in dentistry and on the ball field.

It's almost as if the dental assistants are whispering words of encouragement from the sidelines, propelling the Orioles to swing for the fences like a kindly tooth fairy leaving coins under a pillow. While some may find this connection as surprising as finding a tooth in a baseball glove, our data paints a picture as clear as a plaque-free smile – or in this case, a scoreboard filled with runs.

In light of these results, it's safe to say that the link between these variables is stronger than the bond holding together a dental crown. It seems that the future dentists-in-training are not just aiming for a successful career – they're also unknowingly fueling the Orioles' success on the field. It's a match made in statistical heaven, where the only drills involved are those in the classroom and the batter's box.

In conclusion, while the connection between dental assisting degrees and baseball performance may seem as unlikely as finding a toothbrush in a baseball dugout, our research shows that there's more to this association than meets the eye. It seems that the future dental professionals are not just learning how to perfect a smile – they're also contributing to the runs scored by the Orioles, making their mark on the baseball diamond like a well-aimed line drive. After all, in the world of statistics, sometimes the most unexpected correlations can hit it out of the park – or at least bring a smile to the face of a perplexed researcher.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Dental assisting and Runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Smile for the Home Team: The Interplay of Dental Assisting Associates Degrees and Runs Scored by the Baltimore Orioles"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study dives into the unlikely relationship between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Dental Assisting and the runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. While seemingly unrelated, our research team delved into the statistics - both educational and athletic - to determine if there is any discernible link between the two. We discovered a correlation coefficient of 0.9113451 and p < 0.01 for the time period spanning from 2011 to 2021.

Now, you may be wondering, what do baseball and dental assisting have in common? Well, the answer is quite simple – they both involve a lot of drilling! It's a shame, really, that we couldn't squeeze in a dentist and an umpire into a joke together, but it was just too tough to pull off without it feeling a little forced.

Our findings indicate that as the number of Dental Assisting Associates degrees awarded increases, so does the number of runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. It's almost like the players are getting a toothache and hitting the ball harder in a fit of dental frustration. As my dentist always says, "I'll have to prepare you for a root canal if you don't start flossing regularly. And by prepare, I mean mentally. It's already a pain in the tooth just thinking about it."

In conclusion, while the connection between these variables may seem as elusive as a hard-to-reach molar, our research suggests a curious and somewhat comical relationship between the tooth and the ballgame. It's safe to say that this correlation has truly given us something to smile about - just remember to brush and floss after every meal, even if you're playing baseball!

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
To contextualize the seemingly unconventional partnership between Associates degrees awarded in Dental Assisting and the performance of the Baltimore Orioles, our review of related literature encompasses a diverse array of scholarly inquiries and theoretical investigations. In "Dental Assisting: A Comprehensive Approach," Smith et al. underscore the significance of dental education in shaping the future workforce of oral health professionals. Simultaneously, in "Baseball and Beyond: The Athletic Adventures of America's Favorite Game," Doe and Jones elucidate the multifaceted nature of baseball as a cultural phenomenon intertwined with statistics and performance. These foundational studies provide essential frameworks for understanding the underpinnings of our current inquiry.
As we transition from the conventional to the unconventional, the literature review expands to encompass alternative perspectives. "The Cavity Crew Chronicles" and "The Tooth Fairy Tales" novels, although fictitious, offer imaginative narratives integrating elements of dental care and mythical creatures - perhaps serving as metaphors for the fantastical connection between dental education and baseball statistics. Moving onto the whimsical realm, the colorful cast of "Arthur" and "SpongeBob SquarePants" provides a lighthearted lens through which to view unexpected correlations, underscoring the playful nature of our unique investigation.
Much like a well-crafted joke, our literature review is not simply a rehashing of established facts and figures. Instead, it is a presentation of divergent viewpoints and unanticipated connections. Just as a punster weaves a thread of humor through seemingly disparate elements, our study seeks to thread the needle between the worlds of dental education and professional sports. It's like finding the perfect punchline in an unexpected place - a grand slam of intellectual inquiry, if you will.
In the words of my dentist, "A good laugh is the best medicine – well, next to brushing and flossing, of course." With this sentiment in mind, we venture into the heart of our investigation, embracing the unconventional, and perhaps, the downright comical associations between dental education and baseball prowess. After all, who says a scholarly pursuit can't also be a grand slam of humor and insight?

[[RESULTS]]
During the period from 2011 to 2021, our analysis revealed a remarkably strong correlation between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Dental Assisting and the runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. With a correlation coefficient of 0.9113451 and an r-squared value of 0.8305500, our findings suggest a robust positive relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. In statistical terms, this correlation is about as clear as a pearly white smile after a thorough cleaning.
As shown in Fig. 1, the scatterplot illustrates the unmistakable upward trend, resembling the satisfying feeling of hitting a home run in the field of statistical analysis. Perhaps the Orioles should consider adding a dental drill to their equipment – after all, precision is crucial both in dentistry and on the ball field.
It's almost as if the dental assistants are whispering words of encouragement from the sidelines, propelling the Orioles to swing for the fences like a kindly tooth fairy leaving coins under a pillow. While some may find this connection as surprising as finding a tooth in a baseball glove, our data paints a picture as clear as a plaque-free smile – or in this case, a scoreboard filled with runs.
In light of these results, it's safe to say that the link between these variables is stronger than the bond holding together a dental crown. It seems that the future dentists-in-training are not just aiming for a successful career – they're also unknowingly fueling the Orioles' success on the field. It's a match made in statistical heaven, where the only drills involved are those in the classroom and the batter's box.
In conclusion, while the connection between dental assisting degrees and baseball performance may seem as unlikely as finding a toothbrush in a baseball dugout, our research shows that there's more to this association than meets the eye. It seems that the future dental professionals are not just learning how to perfect a smile – they're also contributing to the runs scored by the Orioles, making their mark on the baseball diamond like a well-aimed line drive. After all, in the world of statistics, sometimes the most unexpected correlations can hit it out of the park – or at least bring a smile to the face of a perplexed researcher.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The results of our study reveal a statistically significant relationship between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Dental Assisting and the runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. This unusual association may leave many scratching their heads, much like trying to solve a tooth-related riddle, but the data speaks for itself. It seems that baseball and dental education have more in common than meets the eye, much like a hidden cavity just waiting to be discovered - sorry, that was a bit of a stretch, but you get the drill.

Our findings align with the prior research that has delved into unlikely pairings and unconventional correlations. Similar to the imaginative narratives found in "The Cavity Crew Chronicles" and "The Tooth Fairy Tales," our study has uncovered a narrative of its own, where dental education and baseball statistics converge in a surprising and, dare I say, enchanting manner. It's almost like finding a dental floss dispenser at a ballpark – unexpected, yet oddly fitting.

The robust correlation coefficient of 0.9113451 mirrors the strength of a baseball player's swing, highlighting the undeniable link between the number of Dental Assisting Associates degrees awarded and the runs scored by the Orioles. This relationship is as firm as a well-set dental crown, leaving little room for doubt about the influence of dental education on the performance of a professional baseball team. It's almost as if the dental assistants are secretly moonlighting as the Orioles' good luck charm, reminding us that in the world of statistics, the most unexpected connections can be as powerful as a solid batting average.

Furthermore, our results are in line with the light-hearted lens through which unexpected correlations were viewed in "Arthur" and "SpongeBob SquarePants." After all, who would have thought that dental education and baseball could form such a formidable statistical duo? This unexpected partnership is like a well-timed pun - surprising, yet undeniably delightful.

In light of our findings, it becomes clear that the relationship between the variables studied is not merely a statistical curiosity, but rather a meaningful and compelling interplay between two seemingly disparate domains. Just as a good dad joke can bring a smile to anyone's face, our study has brought to light a correlation that is undeniably poignant and perhaps a touch whimsical. It's almost like finding the punchline to a great joke in the most unexpected of places - a home run of intellectual discovery.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Dental assisting and Runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Smile for the Home Team: The Interplay of Dental Assisting Associates Degrees and Runs Scored by the Baltimore Orioles"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study dives into the unlikely relationship between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Dental Assisting and the runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. While seemingly unrelated, our research team delved into the statistics - both educational and athletic - to determine if there is any discernible link between the two. We discovered a correlation coefficient of 0.9113451 and p < 0.01 for the time period spanning from 2011 to 2021.

Now, you may be wondering, what do baseball and dental assisting have in common? Well, the answer is quite simple – they both involve a lot of drilling! It's a shame, really, that we couldn't squeeze in a dentist and an umpire into a joke together, but it was just too tough to pull off without it feeling a little forced.

Our findings indicate that as the number of Dental Assisting Associates degrees awarded increases, so does the number of runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. It's almost like the players are getting a toothache and hitting the ball harder in a fit of dental frustration. As my dentist always says, "I'll have to prepare you for a root canal if you don't start flossing regularly. And by prepare, I mean mentally. It's already a pain in the tooth just thinking about it."

In conclusion, while the connection between these variables may seem as elusive as a hard-to-reach molar, our research suggests a curious and somewhat comical relationship between the tooth and the ballgame. It's safe to say that this correlation has truly given us something to smile about - just remember to brush and floss after every meal, even if you're playing baseball!

[[INTRDUCTION]]
Whether discussing the intricacies of dental health or the nuances of America's favorite pastime, both typically involve a fair amount of statistics and a great deal of patience. And as any good researcher knows, sometimes the most unexpected correlations can emerge from the most unlikely pairings. Just like when your dentist makes a filling but charges you an arm and a tooth – I guess that's why they call it the "drill" of dentistry!
The relationship between the confounding variables of Associates degrees awarded in Dental Assisting and the runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles may seem about as likely as a home run hit with a toothbrush. However, as with any good mystery, it's important to dig deep – much like searching for a wayward tooth in a game of baseball where nobody told the tooth fairy that a ball had been involved.
In this study, we set out to explore whether there might be an underlying connection between the number of aspiring dental assistants entering the workforce and the performance of Baltimore's finest on the baseball diamond. It's almost as if the dental aspirations of young scholars are solidifying into home runs on the field – a true case of hitting it out of the park, both literally and figuratively.
While some may argue that the only association between dental assisting and the Orioles is the need for a good set of teeth to enjoy a game, our data paints a different picture. It's clear that as dental assisting degrees increase, so do the runs scored by the Orioles. Who knew that the secret to baseball success was hiding in the floss of future dental professionals? It's as if the players have finally found their "sweet spot" – which, coincidentally, is precisely where they should be aiming for on the field.
As we delve deeper into this unexpected connection, it's worth noting that baseball and dentistry do share a few commonalities. For one, both require precision – whether it's hitting a fastball or drilling a cavity, there's no room for error. And while the Orioles have certainly experienced their fair share of "pain points" in recent seasons, it seems that a surge in dental graduates is providing just the remedy they need to turn the tide. As my dentist always says, "The only thing more important than a good swing is a good floss – and that's not just a gap year."
In conclusion, our study sheds light on a peculiar yet compelling association between dental assisting education and the performance of a Major League Baseball team. It seems that there's more to this correlation than meets the eye – perhaps a hidden tooth or two, or maybe just a great big smile waiting to emerge. After all, it's not every day that a research project leaves you grinning from ear to ear, much like the feeling of hitting a grand slam or finally getting that cavity filled.

[[RESULTS]]
During the period from 2011 to 2021, our analysis revealed a remarkably strong correlation between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Dental Assisting and the runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. With a correlation coefficient of 0.9113451 and an r-squared value of 0.8305500, our findings suggest a robust positive relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. In statistical terms, this correlation is about as clear as a pearly white smile after a thorough cleaning.
As shown in Fig. 1, the scatterplot illustrates the unmistakable upward trend, resembling the satisfying feeling of hitting a home run in the field of statistical analysis. Perhaps the Orioles should consider adding a dental drill to their equipment – after all, precision is crucial both in dentistry and on the ball field.
It's almost as if the dental assistants are whispering words of encouragement from the sidelines, propelling the Orioles to swing for the fences like a kindly tooth fairy leaving coins under a pillow. While some may find this connection as surprising as finding a tooth in a baseball glove, our data paints a picture as clear as a plaque-free smile – or in this case, a scoreboard filled with runs.
In light of these results, it's safe to say that the link between these variables is stronger than the bond holding together a dental crown. It seems that the future dentists-in-training are not just aiming for a successful career – they're also unknowingly fueling the Orioles' success on the field. It's a match made in statistical heaven, where the only drills involved are those in the classroom and the batter's box.
In conclusion, while the connection between dental assisting degrees and baseball performance may seem as unlikely as finding a toothbrush in a baseball dugout, our research shows that there's more to this association than meets the eye. It seems that the future dental professionals are not just learning how to perfect a smile – they're also contributing to the runs scored by the Orioles, making their mark on the baseball diamond like a well-aimed line drive. After all, in the world of statistics, sometimes the most unexpected correlations can hit it out of the park – or at least bring a smile to the face of a perplexed researcher.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our research has uncovered a surprising and toothsome connection between the number of Dental Assisting Associates degrees awarded and the runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. It's almost as if the Orioles are taking the phrase "driving for success" quite literally, with the dental assistants providing the extra 'filling' needed for their performance.

As the old saying goes, "Why was the baseball player a bad sport? Because he was always getting to the 'root' of the problem!" But in this case, it seems our dental assistants are helping the Orioles find the 'root' to their baseball success.

Our findings suggest that the educational pursuits of aspiring dental professionals are not only shaping successful careers but also inadvertently boosting the Orioles' performances on the diamond. It's like a double-header of success - one for the dental field and another for America's favorite pastime.

At this point, it's safe to say that we've extracted as much valuable and laughter-inducing insight as humanly possible from this unexpected correlation. No more research is needed here - at least until the tooth fairy starts leaving baseballs under kids' pillows!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Smile for the Home Team: The Interplay of Dental Assisting Associates Degrees and Runs Scored by the Baltimore Orioles. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Sports Dentistry and Statistical Analysis

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Smile for the Home Team: The Interplay of Dental Assisting Associates Degrees and Runs Scored by the Baltimore Orioles. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Sports and Dentistry Research

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Smile for the Home Team: The Interplay of Dental Assisting Associates Degrees and Runs Scored by the Baltimore Orioles with an abstract of This study dives into the unlikely relationship between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Dental Assisting and the runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. While seemingly unrelated, our research team delved into the statistics - both educational and athletic - to determine if there is any discernible link between the two. We discovered a correlation coefficient of 0.9113451 and p < 0.01 for the time period spanning from 2011 to 2021.
Now, you may be wondering, what do baseball and dental assisting have in common? Well, the answer is quite simple – they both involve a lot of drilling! It's a shame, really, that we couldn't squeeze in a dentist and an umpire into a joke together, but it was just too tough to pull off without it feeling a little forced.
Our findings indicate that as the number of Dental Assisting Associates degrees awarded increases, so does the number of runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles. It's almost like the players are getting a toothache and hitting the ball harder in a fit of dental frustration. As my dentist always says, "I'll have to prepare you for a root canal if you don't start flossing regularly. And by prepare, I mean mentally. It's already a pain in the tooth just thinking about it."
In conclusion, while the connection between these variables may seem as elusive as a hard-to-reach molar, our research suggests a curious and somewhat comical relationship between the tooth and the ballgame. It's safe to say that this correlation has truly given us something to smile about - just remember to brush and floss after every meal, even if you're playing baseball!

ChatGPT:

"Associates degrees in Dental Assisting," "Baltimore Orioles runs scored," "correlation between education and sports performance," "baseball statistics research," "unusual correlations in sports," "link between dental education and athletic performance," "impact of education on athletic outcomes," "unusual statistical relationships in sports," "Dental Assisting graduates and sports performance," "education and sports performance correlation."

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Associates degrees awarded in Dental assisting
Detailed data title: Associate's degrees conferred by postsecondary institutions with a field of study of Dental assisting
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
See what else correlates with Associates degrees awarded in Dental assisting

Runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles
Detailed data title: The total number of runs scored during the year by the Baltimore Orioles
Source: Baseball-Reference.com
See what else correlates with Runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles

Correlation r = 0.9113451 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.8305500 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 83.1% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Associates degrees awarded in Dental assisting) over the 11 years from 2011 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 9.5E-5.^Show 0.0000946271022106724800000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.91 in 0.0095% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 10,568 random variables^Note Which I absolutely did.
with the same 10 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 10 because we have two variables measured over a period of 11 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.69, 0.98 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Associates degrees awarded in Dental assisting (Degrees awarded)	7498	7790	7823	7988	7762	7584	7397	7072	7129	5623	7135
Runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles (Runs scored)	708	712	745	705	713	744	743	622	729	274	659

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Confounding variable: 2020 is particularly different from the other years on this graph. Confounding variables (like global pandemics) will cause two variables to look connected when in fact a "sneaky third" variable is influencing both of them behind the scenes.
Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. ^Note Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([7498,7790,7823,7988,7762,7584,7397,7072,7129,5623,7135,])
array_2 = np.array([708,712,745,705,713,744,743,622,729,274,659,])
array_1_name = "Associates degrees awarded in Dental assisting"
array_2_name = "Runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Associates degrees awarded in Dental assisting
Line chart for only Runs scored by the Baltimore Orioles
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Smile for the Home Team: The Interplay of Dental Assisting Associates Degrees and Runs Scored by the Baltimore Orioles

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Correlation ID: 2432 · Black Variable ID: 1230 · Red Variable ID: 4350


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