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Spurious correlation #2,383 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is American cheese consumption and the second variable is Intuitive Surgical's stock price (ISRG).  The chart goes from 2002 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

As American cheese consumption rose, so did the demand for grilled cheese sandwiches. This led to an increase in the need for medical procedures to treat cheese-related burns. Intuitive Surgical, a company known for its advanced robotic surgical systems, saw a surge in stock price as investors anticipated higher sales of medical equipment for treating these dairy disasters. Remember, cheesiness may be gouda for your taste buds, but it's also a provolone problem for the stock market!

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: "Generate an image of a bustling diner adorned with Hyper-realistic details. Within the scene, people are joyfully indulging in gooey grilled cheese sandwiches, showcasing pure delight on their faces. Simultaneously, a group of doctors effortlessly operate advanced robotic surgical systems with unwavering precision. The scent of melting American cheese permeates the air, enhancing the atmosphere. In the background, display a stock price ticker for Intuitive Surgical's (ISRG) steadily rising, instilling optimism and excitement in the observing investors. The imagery should encapsulate the harmonious coexistence of culinary delight, cutting-edge medical technology, and financial optimism in a single captivating scene." The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price (ISRG). Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Charcoal Hyper-realistic Charcoal a meme An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie
ChatGPT: Hyper-realistic

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price (ISRG), in the following situation: As the demand for American cheese melted away, so did the skepticism about Intuitive Surgical's robotic surgical systems. As more people indulged in gooey grilled cheese sandwiches, they found themselves feeling grate and taking a brie-ak from their health issues. The positive cheddar about American cheese somehow sparked an increased appetite for innovative medical technology, ultimately provoloning the stock price of Intuitive Surgical. It’s a gouda thing for investors, as the company rode the wave of dairy delight to feta-lize their portfolios. After all, who wouldn't want a slice of the profits when two seemingly unrelated things are so goudagether? And that's the whey the cookie crumbles in the stock market - sometimes the most unexpected factors can impact stock prices, curdling the expectations of analysts everywhere.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: Imagine a bustling diner where people are indulging in gooey grilled cheese sandwiches, savoring every bite with smiles on their faces. In the same scene, a group of doctors are using advanced robotic surgical systems, swiftly and confidently carrying out procedures with precision. As the scent of melting American cheese fills the air, the stock price ticker for Intuitive Surgical's (ISRG) rises steadily in the background, bringing a sense of optimism and excitement to the investors observing the scene.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Hyper-realistic ] and depicting this scene: Imagine a bustling diner where people are indulging in gooey grilled cheese sandwiches, savoring every bite with smiles on their faces. In the same scene, a group of doctors are using advanced robotic surgical systems, swiftly and confidently carrying out procedures with precision. As the scent of melting American cheese fills the air, the stock price ticker for Intuitive Surgical's (ISRG) rises steadily in the background, bringing a sense of optimism and excitement to the investors observing the scene. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: "Generate an image of a bustling diner adorned with Hyper-realistic details. Within the scene, people are joyfully indulging in gooey grilled cheese sandwiches, showcasing pure delight on their faces. Simultaneously, a group of doctors effortlessly operate advanced robotic surgical systems with unwavering precision. The scent of melting American cheese permeates the air, enhancing the atmosphere. In the background, display a stock price ticker for Intuitive Surgical's (ISRG) steadily rising, instilling optimism and excitement in the observing investors. The imagery should encapsulate the harmonious coexistence of culinary delight, cutting-edge medical technology, and financial optimism in a single captivating scene."

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in American cheese consumption caused Intuitive Surgical's stock price (ISRG) to increase.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Unearthing the Cheesy Truth: The Grate Correlation Between American Cheese Consumption and Intuitive Surgical's Stock Price

The Journal of Dairy Finance and Culinary Economics

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price (ISRG). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Make the title seem clever.

Your research team used data from USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9132886 and p < 0.01 for 2002 to 2021.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
"Unearthing the Cheesy Truth: The Grate Correlation Between American Cheese Consumption and Intuitive Surgical's Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The impact of American cheese consumption on the stock price of Intuitive Surgical has been a topic of hot debate in the financial and culinary communities. This study delves into this intriguing relationship, utilizing data from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to uncover the potential link between one of America's favorite dairy products and a leading provider of robotic-assisted surgical systems.

Our research team conducted a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 2002 to 2021, revealing a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9132886 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. This suggests a strong association between the two variables. It seems that the more American cheese people devour, the higher the stock price of Intuitive Surgical climbs. One might say there's "grate" potential in this correlation - quite the "gouda" news for investors and cheese enthusiasts alike!

While causation cannot be conclusively established, the findings point to a noteworthy relationship worth further exploration. Whether it's the allure of cheesy comfort food driving investment decisions or the influence of surgical innovation on cheese consumption, this curious connection adds a dash of flavor to the world of finance and gastronomy. The study concludes with a call for continued investigation into the intersection of dairy indulgence and stock market trends, encouraging researchers to embrace the "wheely" intriguing nature of unconventional correlations.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price (ISRG). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Unearthing the Cheesy Truth: The Grate Correlation Between American Cheese Consumption and Intuitive Surgical's Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The impact of American cheese consumption on the stock price of Intuitive Surgical has been a topic of hot debate in the financial and culinary communities. This study delves into this intriguing relationship, utilizing data from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to uncover the potential link between one of America's favorite dairy products and a leading provider of robotic-assisted surgical systems.

Our research team conducted a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 2002 to 2021, revealing a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9132886 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. This suggests a strong association between the two variables. It seems that the more American cheese people devour, the higher the stock price of Intuitive Surgical climbs. One might say there's "grate" potential in this correlation - quite the "gouda" news for investors and cheese enthusiasts alike!

While causation cannot be conclusively established, the findings point to a noteworthy relationship worth further exploration. Whether it's the allure of cheesy comfort food driving investment decisions or the influence of surgical innovation on cheese consumption, this curious connection adds a dash of flavor to the world of finance and gastronomy. The study concludes with a call for continued investigation into the intersection of dairy indulgence and stock market trends, encouraging researchers to embrace the "wheely" intriguing nature of unconventional correlations.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

The relationship between American cheese consumption and stock prices has long been a topic of interest, but few studies have delved into the potential connection with the precision and rigor that our research team has applied in this investigation. As we embarked on this scholarly exploration, we found ourselves navigating the intersection of delicious dairy indulgence and the exciting world of financial markets, a journey that certainly had its "cheddar" of surprises.

Some might think that analyzing cheese consumption and stock prices is as unrelated as apples and oranges, but we aimed to show that there might be more "grate" similarities than meets the eye. After all, who knew that the path to understanding the stock market could be paved with cheese? It's certainly a "gouda" thing we've got our hands on some fascinating data and a "sharp" team of researchers to slice through this unconventional correlation.

Our study sheds light on the potential impact of a seemingly innocuous dairy product on the value of a leading provider of surgical systems. It's a bit like discovering that the secret ingredient in the market's success could be a sprinkle of Parmesan, or perhaps a dollop of Brie. It seems that the stock market might have a taste for the finer things in life, including the humble pleasures of American cheese. After all, who could resist the allure of gooey, melty goodness and its apparent influence on financial decisions? It's almost enough to make one say, "Say cheese, investors!"

As we navigate through the intricate web of data and statistical analyses, it becomes clear that the correlation between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price is not just a flimsy slice of conjecture. It's a substantial wedge of evidence that there may be more to this relationship than meets the eye. Or should we say, "more to this relationship than meets the brie"? It's a "gouda" thing we're here to provide some food for thought in the world of empirical finance and, we daresay, a dash of humor in the otherwise serious realm of academic research.

Stay tuned as we delve deeper into the puzzling connection between dairy indulgence and stock market dynamics. There's still much to uncover in this unique territory of correlations and causations. After all, who knows what other culinary delights might hold the key to unlocking the mysteries of financial markets? We invite you to join us as we savor the adventure of uncovering the "wheely" intriguing nature of unconventional correlations and the unexpected places where statistical significance lies.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price (ISRG). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then devolve ever further, and mention something completely ridiculous, like you conducted literature review by reading the backs of shampoo bottles.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Unearthing the Cheesy Truth: The Grate Correlation Between American Cheese Consumption and Intuitive Surgical's Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The impact of American cheese consumption on the stock price of Intuitive Surgical has been a topic of hot debate in the financial and culinary communities. This study delves into this intriguing relationship, utilizing data from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to uncover the potential link between one of America's favorite dairy products and a leading provider of robotic-assisted surgical systems.

Our research team conducted a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 2002 to 2021, revealing a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9132886 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. This suggests a strong association between the two variables. It seems that the more American cheese people devour, the higher the stock price of Intuitive Surgical climbs. One might say there's "grate" potential in this correlation - quite the "gouda" news for investors and cheese enthusiasts alike!

While causation cannot be conclusively established, the findings point to a noteworthy relationship worth further exploration. Whether it's the allure of cheesy comfort food driving investment decisions or the influence of surgical innovation on cheese consumption, this curious connection adds a dash of flavor to the world of finance and gastronomy. The study concludes with a call for continued investigation into the intersection of dairy indulgence and stock market trends, encouraging researchers to embrace the "wheely" intriguing nature of unconventional correlations.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The relationship between American cheese consumption and stock prices has long been a topic of interest, but few studies have delved into the potential connection with the precision and rigor that our research team has applied in this investigation. As we embarked on this scholarly exploration, we found ourselves navigating the intersection of delicious dairy indulgence and the exciting world of financial markets, a journey that certainly had its "cheddar" of surprises.
Some might think that analyzing cheese consumption and stock prices is as unrelated as apples and oranges, but we aimed to show that there might be more "grate" similarities than meets the eye. After all, who knew that the path to understanding the stock market could be paved with cheese? It's certainly a "gouda" thing we've got our hands on some fascinating data and a "sharp" team of researchers to slice through this unconventional correlation.
Our study sheds light on the potential impact of a seemingly innocuous dairy product on the value of a leading provider of surgical systems. It's a bit like discovering that the secret ingredient in the market's success could be a sprinkle of Parmesan, or perhaps a dollop of Brie. It seems that the stock market might have a taste for the finer things in life, including the humble pleasures of American cheese. After all, who could resist the allure of gooey, melty goodness and its apparent influence on financial decisions? It's almost enough to make one say, "Say cheese, investors!"
As we navigate through the intricate web of data and statistical analyses, it becomes clear that the correlation between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price is not just a flimsy slice of conjecture. It's a substantial wedge of evidence that there may be more to this relationship than meets the eye. Or should we say, "more to this relationship than meets the brie"? It's a "gouda" thing we're here to provide some food for thought in the world of empirical finance and, we daresay, a dash of humor in the otherwise serious realm of academic research.
Stay tuned as we delve deeper into the puzzling connection between dairy indulgence and stock market dynamics. There's still much to uncover in this unique territory of correlations and causations. After all, who knows what other culinary delights might hold the key to unlocking the mysteries of financial markets? We invite you to join us as we savor the adventure of uncovering the "wheely" intriguing nature of unconventional correlations and the unexpected places where statistical significance lies.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The potential link between American cheese consumption and financial market dynamics has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Smith and Doe (2015) conducted a comprehensive review of dietary trends and stock price movements, uncovering correlations between various food consumption patterns and market fluctuations. Among their findings, the authors highlighted the intriguing association between cheese consumption and the stock price of leading healthcare technology companies. Similarly, Jones (2017) delved into the influence of culinary preferences on investment decisions, emphasizing the need for further investigation into the intersection of gastronomy and finance. The overarching theme emerging from these studies suggests a compelling relationship between dietary habits and stock market trends.

On a related note, "The Big Cheese: A History of American Cheesemaking" by Gordon Edgar provides an insightful exploration of the cultural and economic impact of American cheese production. Edgar's comprehensive analysis of cheese consumption patterns and their socioeconomic implications offers valuable context for understanding the potential influence of this dairy indulgence on financial markets. Furthermore, "The Cheese Trap: How Breaking a Surprising Addiction Will Help You Lose Weight, Gain Energy, and Get Healthy" by Neal D. Barnard delves into the behavioral aspects of cheese consumption, shedding light on the intricate interplay between dietary choices and broader societal trends.

In the realm of fiction, "The Cheese Monkeys" by Chip Kidd presents a satirical examination of creativity and design education, incorporating metaphorical references to cheese to convey underlying thematic elements. Similarly, "Cheese in the Trap" by Soonkki, while a work of Korean fiction centered on interpersonal relationships, offers an imaginative portrayal of the complexities inherent in human interactions, metaphorically weaving in the enigmatic allure of cheese to captivate readers.

In addition to scholarly and literary sources, the present study draws upon a diverse range of unconventional resources to comprehensively explore the cheese-market nexus, including but not limited to: anecdotal accounts from dairy enthusiasts, whimsical musings of culinary bloggers, and, in a moment of unexpected inspiration, the enlightening insights gleaned from the backs of personal care product labels. While these sources may appear unorthodox, their collective contribution adds a layer of levity to the otherwise weighty discussion of the cheesy truth underlying the stock market conundrum.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price (ISRG). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) . You used data from 2002 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Unearthing the Cheesy Truth: The Grate Correlation Between American Cheese Consumption and Intuitive Surgical's Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The impact of American cheese consumption on the stock price of Intuitive Surgical has been a topic of hot debate in the financial and culinary communities. This study delves into this intriguing relationship, utilizing data from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to uncover the potential link between one of America's favorite dairy products and a leading provider of robotic-assisted surgical systems.

Our research team conducted a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 2002 to 2021, revealing a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9132886 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. This suggests a strong association between the two variables. It seems that the more American cheese people devour, the higher the stock price of Intuitive Surgical climbs. One might say there's "grate" potential in this correlation - quite the "gouda" news for investors and cheese enthusiasts alike!

While causation cannot be conclusively established, the findings point to a noteworthy relationship worth further exploration. Whether it's the allure of cheesy comfort food driving investment decisions or the influence of surgical innovation on cheese consumption, this curious connection adds a dash of flavor to the world of finance and gastronomy. The study concludes with a call for continued investigation into the intersection of dairy indulgence and stock market trends, encouraging researchers to embrace the "wheely" intriguing nature of unconventional correlations.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The relationship between American cheese consumption and stock prices has long been a topic of interest, but few studies have delved into the potential connection with the precision and rigor that our research team has applied in this investigation. As we embarked on this scholarly exploration, we found ourselves navigating the intersection of delicious dairy indulgence and the exciting world of financial markets, a journey that certainly had its "cheddar" of surprises.
Some might think that analyzing cheese consumption and stock prices is as unrelated as apples and oranges, but we aimed to show that there might be more "grate" similarities than meets the eye. After all, who knew that the path to understanding the stock market could be paved with cheese? It's certainly a "gouda" thing we've got our hands on some fascinating data and a "sharp" team of researchers to slice through this unconventional correlation.
Our study sheds light on the potential impact of a seemingly innocuous dairy product on the value of a leading provider of surgical systems. It's a bit like discovering that the secret ingredient in the market's success could be a sprinkle of Parmesan, or perhaps a dollop of Brie. It seems that the stock market might have a taste for the finer things in life, including the humble pleasures of American cheese. After all, who could resist the allure of gooey, melty goodness and its apparent influence on financial decisions? It's almost enough to make one say, "Say cheese, investors!"
As we navigate through the intricate web of data and statistical analyses, it becomes clear that the correlation between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price is not just a flimsy slice of conjecture. It's a substantial wedge of evidence that there may be more to this relationship than meets the eye. Or should we say, "more to this relationship than meets the brie"? It's a "gouda" thing we're here to provide some food for thought in the world of empirical finance and, we daresay, a dash of humor in the otherwise serious realm of academic research.
Stay tuned as we delve deeper into the puzzling connection between dairy indulgence and stock market dynamics. There's still much to uncover in this unique territory of correlations and causations. After all, who knows what other culinary delights might hold the key to unlocking the mysteries of financial markets? We invite you to join us as we savor the adventure of uncovering the "wheely" intriguing nature of unconventional correlations and the unexpected places where statistical significance lies.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To investigate the curious link between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price, a thorough and rigorous methodology was employed. Our research team utilized data from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) spanning the years 2002 to 2021. Our data collection involved scouring numerous online sources with the occasional pit stop at the "Muenster.com" webpage, ensuring that we didn't miss a single curd in our pursuit of statistical enlightenment.

The first step in our methodology involved calculating the annual per capita American cheese consumption, measured in pounds, as a representation of the cheesy indulgence of the American populace. This involved navigating through a "whey" of information, separating the curds from the whey, and ensuring that the "cheddar" of data was gratefully received into our analytical embrace. One might say that we had to "brieze" through a mountain of data to find the "gouda" stuff.

Simultaneously, stock price data for Intuitive Surgical (ISRG) was gathered from the LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), depicting the "swiss" and turns in the company's market performance over the years. Our team meticulously ensured that not a "hole" was left unexplored in this pursuit of financial insight. We even joked that this exploration was a bit like making a cheesecake - with each layer representing a year's worth of stock price data!

To rigorously analyze the relationship between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price, we employed various statistical techniques. The correlation coefficient was calculated to quantify the strength and direction of the relationship, allowing us to measure the "bries" of association between these seemingly disparate variables. The statistical significance of this relationship was then assessed using a variety of tests, ensuring that our findings were not just a "feta" of imagination.

Our regression analysis further explored the potential impact of American cheese consumption on Intuitive Surgical's stock price, unveiling the "gouda" and "sharp" insights hidden within the data. It was a bit like peeling back the layers of an onion - or rather, the layers of a cheese wheel - to uncover the "ricotta" details of this unique correlation.

In addition to these quantitative analyses, qualitative insights were gathered through expert interviews with financial analysts, cheese aficionados, and even a "gouda" cheese wheel sculptor. These interviews illuminated the nuances of the relationship, providing a "brie-lliant" supplement to our quantitative findings and adding a touch of "provolone" to our research process.

In summary, our investigation into the correlation between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price employed a multi-faceted and thorough methodology, ensuring that no "cheddar" was left ungrated in our pursuit of understanding this unconventional connection.

Stay tuned for the results section, where we'll melt the "curd" with our findings and cheesy puns aplenty!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price (ISRG). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) .

For the time period 2002 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.9132886, r-squared of 0.8340961, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Unearthing the Cheesy Truth: The Grate Correlation Between American Cheese Consumption and Intuitive Surgical's Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The impact of American cheese consumption on the stock price of Intuitive Surgical has been a topic of hot debate in the financial and culinary communities. This study delves into this intriguing relationship, utilizing data from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to uncover the potential link between one of America's favorite dairy products and a leading provider of robotic-assisted surgical systems.

Our research team conducted a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 2002 to 2021, revealing a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9132886 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. This suggests a strong association between the two variables. It seems that the more American cheese people devour, the higher the stock price of Intuitive Surgical climbs. One might say there's "grate" potential in this correlation - quite the "gouda" news for investors and cheese enthusiasts alike!

While causation cannot be conclusively established, the findings point to a noteworthy relationship worth further exploration. Whether it's the allure of cheesy comfort food driving investment decisions or the influence of surgical innovation on cheese consumption, this curious connection adds a dash of flavor to the world of finance and gastronomy. The study concludes with a call for continued investigation into the intersection of dairy indulgence and stock market trends, encouraging researchers to embrace the "wheely" intriguing nature of unconventional correlations.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The relationship between American cheese consumption and stock prices has long been a topic of interest, but few studies have delved into the potential connection with the precision and rigor that our research team has applied in this investigation. As we embarked on this scholarly exploration, we found ourselves navigating the intersection of delicious dairy indulgence and the exciting world of financial markets, a journey that certainly had its "cheddar" of surprises.
Some might think that analyzing cheese consumption and stock prices is as unrelated as apples and oranges, but we aimed to show that there might be more "grate" similarities than meets the eye. After all, who knew that the path to understanding the stock market could be paved with cheese? It's certainly a "gouda" thing we've got our hands on some fascinating data and a "sharp" team of researchers to slice through this unconventional correlation.
Our study sheds light on the potential impact of a seemingly innocuous dairy product on the value of a leading provider of surgical systems. It's a bit like discovering that the secret ingredient in the market's success could be a sprinkle of Parmesan, or perhaps a dollop of Brie. It seems that the stock market might have a taste for the finer things in life, including the humble pleasures of American cheese. After all, who could resist the allure of gooey, melty goodness and its apparent influence on financial decisions? It's almost enough to make one say, "Say cheese, investors!"
As we navigate through the intricate web of data and statistical analyses, it becomes clear that the correlation between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price is not just a flimsy slice of conjecture. It's a substantial wedge of evidence that there may be more to this relationship than meets the eye. Or should we say, "more to this relationship than meets the brie"? It's a "gouda" thing we're here to provide some food for thought in the world of empirical finance and, we daresay, a dash of humor in the otherwise serious realm of academic research.
Stay tuned as we delve deeper into the puzzling connection between dairy indulgence and stock market dynamics. There's still much to uncover in this unique territory of correlations and causations. After all, who knows what other culinary delights might hold the key to unlocking the mysteries of financial markets? We invite you to join us as we savor the adventure of uncovering the "wheely" intriguing nature of unconventional correlations and the unexpected places where statistical significance lies.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The results of our analysis reveal a striking correlation between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price over the period from 2002 to 2021. The correlation coefficient of 0.9132886 suggests a strong positive relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. This may come as a sharp cheddar to those who have long pondered the enigmatic link between dairy products and financial markets.

The r-squared value of 0.8340961 indicates that approximately 83.41% of the variability in Intuitive Surgical's stock price can be explained by changes in American cheese consumption. One might say that the influence of American cheese on the stock market is not full of holes, but rather quite a cohesive "brie" of evidence.

The p-value of less than 0.01 provides robust support for the statistical significance of the relationship. This finding leaves little room for skepticism - the association between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price is as certain as the aging process of fine cheddar.

It is important to note that while this correlation is evident, establishing causation requires further investigation. Nonetheless, the strength of the association suggests that there may be merit to the notion that American cheese consumption has an impact on the stock price of a leading surgical systems provider. This finding brings a new dimension to the concept of "investing in what you know," as it appears that a passion for cheese could indeed translate into financial gains.

Overall, our study not only unveils a compelling relationship but also underscores the need for a thorough examination of the interplay between dietary habits and market dynamics. It seems that in the realm of finance and gastronomy, there's more than meets the "curd."


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price (ISRG). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Unearthing the Cheesy Truth: The Grate Correlation Between American Cheese Consumption and Intuitive Surgical's Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The impact of American cheese consumption on the stock price of Intuitive Surgical has been a topic of hot debate in the financial and culinary communities. This study delves into this intriguing relationship, utilizing data from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to uncover the potential link between one of America's favorite dairy products and a leading provider of robotic-assisted surgical systems.

Our research team conducted a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 2002 to 2021, revealing a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9132886 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. This suggests a strong association between the two variables. It seems that the more American cheese people devour, the higher the stock price of Intuitive Surgical climbs. One might say there's "grate" potential in this correlation - quite the "gouda" news for investors and cheese enthusiasts alike!

While causation cannot be conclusively established, the findings point to a noteworthy relationship worth further exploration. Whether it's the allure of cheesy comfort food driving investment decisions or the influence of surgical innovation on cheese consumption, this curious connection adds a dash of flavor to the world of finance and gastronomy. The study concludes with a call for continued investigation into the intersection of dairy indulgence and stock market trends, encouraging researchers to embrace the "wheely" intriguing nature of unconventional correlations.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The potential link between American cheese consumption and financial market dynamics has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Smith and Doe (2015) conducted a comprehensive review of dietary trends and stock price movements, uncovering correlations between various food consumption patterns and market fluctuations. Among their findings, the authors highlighted the intriguing association between cheese consumption and the stock price of leading healthcare technology companies. Similarly, Jones (2017) delved into the influence of culinary preferences on investment decisions, emphasizing the need for further investigation into the intersection of gastronomy and finance. The overarching theme emerging from these studies suggests a compelling relationship between dietary habits and stock market trends.
On a related note, "The Big Cheese: A History of American Cheesemaking" by Gordon Edgar provides an insightful exploration of the cultural and economic impact of American cheese production. Edgar's comprehensive analysis of cheese consumption patterns and their socioeconomic implications offers valuable context for understanding the potential influence of this dairy indulgence on financial markets. Furthermore, "The Cheese Trap: How Breaking a Surprising Addiction Will Help You Lose Weight, Gain Energy, and Get Healthy" by Neal D. Barnard delves into the behavioral aspects of cheese consumption, shedding light on the intricate interplay between dietary choices and broader societal trends.
In the realm of fiction, "The Cheese Monkeys" by Chip Kidd presents a satirical examination of creativity and design education, incorporating metaphorical references to cheese to convey underlying thematic elements. Similarly, "Cheese in the Trap" by Soonkki, while a work of Korean fiction centered on interpersonal relationships, offers an imaginative portrayal of the complexities inherent in human interactions, metaphorically weaving in the enigmatic allure of cheese to captivate readers.
In addition to scholarly and literary sources, the present study draws upon a diverse range of unconventional resources to comprehensively explore the cheese-market nexus, including but not limited to: anecdotal accounts from dairy enthusiasts, whimsical musings of culinary bloggers, and, in a moment of unexpected inspiration, the enlightening insights gleaned from the backs of personal care product labels. While these sources may appear unorthodox, their collective contribution adds a layer of levity to the otherwise weighty discussion of the cheesy truth underlying the stock market conundrum.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our analysis reveal a striking correlation between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price over the period from 2002 to 2021. The correlation coefficient of 0.9132886 suggests a strong positive relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. This may come as a sharp cheddar to those who have long pondered the enigmatic link between dairy products and financial markets.
The r-squared value of 0.8340961 indicates that approximately 83.41% of the variability in Intuitive Surgical's stock price can be explained by changes in American cheese consumption. One might say that the influence of American cheese on the stock market is not full of holes, but rather quite a cohesive "brie" of evidence.
The p-value of less than 0.01 provides robust support for the statistical significance of the relationship. This finding leaves little room for skepticism - the association between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price is as certain as the aging process of fine cheddar.
It is important to note that while this correlation is evident, establishing causation requires further investigation. Nonetheless, the strength of the association suggests that there may be merit to the notion that American cheese consumption has an impact on the stock price of a leading surgical systems provider. This finding brings a new dimension to the concept of "investing in what you know," as it appears that a passion for cheese could indeed translate into financial gains.
Overall, our study not only unveils a compelling relationship but also underscores the need for a thorough examination of the interplay between dietary habits and market dynamics. It seems that in the realm of finance and gastronomy, there's more than meets the "curd."

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The results of our study support and extend prior research on the potential relationship between American cheese consumption and stock market dynamics, especially for healthcare technology companies. The striking correlation coefficient and statistically significant p-value align with the findings of Smith and Doe (2015), which hinted at intriguing associations between dietary patterns and market fluctuations. This suggests a robustness in the observed relationship, leaving little room for skepticism. It appears that the "cheese factor" may indeed wield a palpable influence on stock prices, adding a "gouda" layer of complexity to the already captivating world of finance. One might say that the stock market has truly embraced the "cheesy" side of investment dynamics.

Furthermore, our results provide empirical support for the notion proposed by Jones (2017) that dietary habits can influence investment decisions. The strong positive relationship between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price lends weight to the idea that gastronomic preferences may permeate into the arena of financial choices. It seems that the allure of savory, melty cheese may extend beyond gratifying taste buds, venturing into the realm of shaping investment behaviors. Perhaps there's something to be said about the saying, "invest in what you love," especially if what you love is a delectable cheese platter.

Drawing inspiration from an unexpected source, our study echoes the sentiments conveyed in "The Cheese Trap" by Neal D. Barnard, which explored the behavioral aspects of cheese consumption. While the presented data cannot ascertain causation, the substantial association between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price encourages a deeper examination of the nuanced interplay between food preferences and market dynamics. It seems that the realm of finance may be experiencing a paradigm shift, as the cheesy truth unfolds to reveal its potential impact on investment patterns. Who knew that delving into the world of finance could turn so "gouda"-licious?

In conclusion, our findings not only validate the connection between American cheese consumption and stock price movements but also form the foundation for future research in the burgeoning field of gastronomic finance. It seems that there's plenty more to be discovered in the alluring interplay between dietary indulgence and market trends. After all, in the world of finance, it appears that the prevailing wisdom may indeed be: "When in doubt, brie the change you wish to see in the stock market."


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price (ISRG). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Unearthing the Cheesy Truth: The Grate Correlation Between American Cheese Consumption and Intuitive Surgical's Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The impact of American cheese consumption on the stock price of Intuitive Surgical has been a topic of hot debate in the financial and culinary communities. This study delves into this intriguing relationship, utilizing data from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to uncover the potential link between one of America's favorite dairy products and a leading provider of robotic-assisted surgical systems.

Our research team conducted a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 2002 to 2021, revealing a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9132886 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. This suggests a strong association between the two variables. It seems that the more American cheese people devour, the higher the stock price of Intuitive Surgical climbs. One might say there's "grate" potential in this correlation - quite the "gouda" news for investors and cheese enthusiasts alike!

While causation cannot be conclusively established, the findings point to a noteworthy relationship worth further exploration. Whether it's the allure of cheesy comfort food driving investment decisions or the influence of surgical innovation on cheese consumption, this curious connection adds a dash of flavor to the world of finance and gastronomy. The study concludes with a call for continued investigation into the intersection of dairy indulgence and stock market trends, encouraging researchers to embrace the "wheely" intriguing nature of unconventional correlations.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The relationship between American cheese consumption and stock prices has long been a topic of interest, but few studies have delved into the potential connection with the precision and rigor that our research team has applied in this investigation. As we embarked on this scholarly exploration, we found ourselves navigating the intersection of delicious dairy indulgence and the exciting world of financial markets, a journey that certainly had its "cheddar" of surprises.
Some might think that analyzing cheese consumption and stock prices is as unrelated as apples and oranges, but we aimed to show that there might be more "grate" similarities than meets the eye. After all, who knew that the path to understanding the stock market could be paved with cheese? It's certainly a "gouda" thing we've got our hands on some fascinating data and a "sharp" team of researchers to slice through this unconventional correlation.
Our study sheds light on the potential impact of a seemingly innocuous dairy product on the value of a leading provider of surgical systems. It's a bit like discovering that the secret ingredient in the market's success could be a sprinkle of Parmesan, or perhaps a dollop of Brie. It seems that the stock market might have a taste for the finer things in life, including the humble pleasures of American cheese. After all, who could resist the allure of gooey, melty goodness and its apparent influence on financial decisions? It's almost enough to make one say, "Say cheese, investors!"
As we navigate through the intricate web of data and statistical analyses, it becomes clear that the correlation between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price is not just a flimsy slice of conjecture. It's a substantial wedge of evidence that there may be more to this relationship than meets the eye. Or should we say, "more to this relationship than meets the brie"? It's a "gouda" thing we're here to provide some food for thought in the world of empirical finance and, we daresay, a dash of humor in the otherwise serious realm of academic research.
Stay tuned as we delve deeper into the puzzling connection between dairy indulgence and stock market dynamics. There's still much to uncover in this unique territory of correlations and causations. After all, who knows what other culinary delights might hold the key to unlocking the mysteries of financial markets? We invite you to join us as we savor the adventure of uncovering the "wheely" intriguing nature of unconventional correlations and the unexpected places where statistical significance lies.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our analysis reveal a striking correlation between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price over the period from 2002 to 2021. The correlation coefficient of 0.9132886 suggests a strong positive relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. This may come as a sharp cheddar to those who have long pondered the enigmatic link between dairy products and financial markets.
The r-squared value of 0.8340961 indicates that approximately 83.41% of the variability in Intuitive Surgical's stock price can be explained by changes in American cheese consumption. One might say that the influence of American cheese on the stock market is not full of holes, but rather quite a cohesive "brie" of evidence.
The p-value of less than 0.01 provides robust support for the statistical significance of the relationship. This finding leaves little room for skepticism - the association between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price is as certain as the aging process of fine cheddar.
It is important to note that while this correlation is evident, establishing causation requires further investigation. Nonetheless, the strength of the association suggests that there may be merit to the notion that American cheese consumption has an impact on the stock price of a leading surgical systems provider. This finding brings a new dimension to the concept of "investing in what you know," as it appears that a passion for cheese could indeed translate into financial gains.
Overall, our study not only unveils a compelling relationship but also underscores the need for a thorough examination of the interplay between dietary habits and market dynamics. It seems that in the realm of finance and gastronomy, there's more than meets the "curd."

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our research has uncovered a remarkably strong correlation between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price. This finding suggests that cheese may not only enhance the flavor of dishes but also enrich investment portfolios. It appears that the stock market is not immune to the "gouda" influence of this dairy delight, and investors may want to keep a "cheddar" eye on their cheese intake.

The robust statistical significance of the relationship leaves little room for doubt, akin to the certainty of Swiss cheese having holes. However, despite the "grate" correlation, caution must be exercised in inferring causation. After all, we wouldn't want to make any "muenster" assumptions without further exploration.

This unexpected connection between the world of dairy and financial markets serves as a reminder that correlations can be as surprising as finding a nacho in a bowl of queso. However, as tempting as it may be to dive deeper into the "wheely" intriguing nature of this relationship, we daresay that no further research is warranted in this area. It's time to bid adieu to this cheesy quest and turn our attention to other less "gouda" but equally intriguing correlations in the world of empirical finance and gastronomy. After all, there are only so many "brie-lliant" puns one can make about cheese and stocks!

In conclusion, it appears that the link between American cheese consumption and Intuitive Surgical's stock price has been satisfactorily explored. It is time to close this chapter and move onto less "cheesy" but no less fascinating avenues of research. Thank you for indulging in this "feta-stic" journey of discovery.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Unearthing the Cheesy Truth: The Grate Correlation Between American Cheese Consumption and Intuitive Surgical's Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Dairy Finance and Culinary Economics


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Unearthing the Cheesy Truth: The Grate Correlation Between American Cheese Consumption and Intuitive Surgical's Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Dairy Economics and Robotic Surgery


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Unearthing the Cheesy Truth: The Grate Correlation Between American Cheese Consumption and Intuitive Surgical's Stock Price with an abstract of The impact of American cheese consumption on the stock price of Intuitive Surgical has been a topic of hot debate in the financial and culinary communities. This study delves into this intriguing relationship, utilizing data from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to uncover the potential link between one of America's favorite dairy products and a leading provider of robotic-assisted surgical systems.
Our research team conducted a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 2002 to 2021, revealing a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9132886 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. This suggests a strong association between the two variables. It seems that the more American cheese people devour, the higher the stock price of Intuitive Surgical climbs. One might say there's "grate" potential in this correlation - quite the "gouda" news for investors and cheese enthusiasts alike!
While causation cannot be conclusively established, the findings point to a noteworthy relationship worth further exploration. Whether it's the allure of cheesy comfort food driving investment decisions or the influence of surgical innovation on cheese consumption, this curious connection adds a dash of flavor to the world of finance and gastronomy. The study concludes with a call for continued investigation into the intersection of dairy indulgence and stock market trends, encouraging researchers to embrace the "wheely" intriguing nature of unconventional correlations.

ChatGPT:

American cheese consumption, Intuitive Surgical stock price, relationship, correlation, USDA data, LSEG Analytics, Refinitiv, dairy products, robotic-assisted surgical systems, correlation coefficient, statistical significance, causation, investment decisions, surgical innovation, finance, gastronomy, stock market trends, unconventional correlations.

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

American cheese consumption
Detailed data title: Per capita consumption of American cheese in the US
Source: USDA
See what else correlates with American cheese consumption

Intuitive Surgical's stock price (ISRG)
Detailed data title: Opening price of Intuitive Surgical (ISRG) on the first trading day of the year
Source: LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv)
Additional Info: Via Microsoft Excel Stockhistory function

See what else correlates with Intuitive Surgical's stock price (ISRG)

Correlation r = 0.9132886 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.8340961 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 83.4% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Intuitive Surgical's stock price (ISRG)) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., American cheese consumption) over the 20 years from 2002 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 1.9E-8. 0.0000000191491814866065300000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.91 in 1.9E-6% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 52,221,553 random variables You don't actually need 52 million variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 19 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 19 because we have two variables measured over a period of 20 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.79, 0.97 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
20022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021
American cheese consumption (Pounds per person)12.831412.561912.861212.64913.065612.792913.130613.355313.304813.039213.256913.357313.665614.044414.362115.090115.402715.538915.516.1
Intuitive Surgical's stock price (ISRG) (Stock price)2.181.371.94.4513.2110.7835.9614.0434.1329.0952.3356.2842.6358.9960.7970.66122.63156.5198.56275.28




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
  4. Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
    Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([12.8314,12.5619,12.8612,12.649,13.0656,12.7929,13.1306,13.3553,13.3048,13.0392,13.2569,13.3573,13.6656,14.0444,14.3621,15.0901,15.4027,15.5389,15.5,16.1,])
array_2 = np.array([2.18,1.37,1.9,4.45,13.21,10.78,35.96,14.04,34.13,29.09,52.33,56.28,42.63,58.99,60.79,70.66,122.63,156.5,198.56,275.28,])
array_1_name = "American cheese consumption"
array_2_name = "Intuitive Surgical's stock price (ISRG)"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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Correlation ID: 2383 · Black Variable ID: 553 · Red Variable ID: 1634
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