Spurious correlation #2,293 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The distance between Neptune and Uranus and the second variable is Regeneron Pharmaceuticals' stock price (REGN). The chart goes from 2002 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The distance between Neptune and Uranus and the second variable is Regeneron Pharmaceuticals' stock price (REGN). The chart goes from 2002 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As the celestial gap widened, it created a space for inspiration to thrive. This sent a ripple through the stock market, lifting Regeneron to new heights. It turns out, when it comes to astronomical success, the sky's not the limit – it's interplanetary synergy!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image with a cubist style depicting the planets Neptune and Uranus side by side in the cosmos. Neptune should appear further away from the viewer, and both planets should feature defined geometric shapes with distinct colors. Above them, integrate a simplified stock price chart for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, displaying a clear upward trend. Ensure that the image is cohesive in its portrayal of the celestial and financial elements, attributing a cubist twist to the scene's composition. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: The distance between Neptune and Uranus and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals' stock price. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Psychedelic Cybernetic art Psychedelic 3D Pixar Style Cubism
ChatGPT: Cubism

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both The distance between Neptune and Uranus and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals' stock price together. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: I see the planets Neptune and Uranus positioned side by side, with Neptune slightly further away from the viewer. Above them, a stock price chart for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals is displayed, showing an upward trend.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Cubism ] and depicting this scene: I see the planets Neptune and Uranus positioned side by side, with Neptune slightly further away from the viewer. Above them, a stock price chart for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals is displayed, showing an upward trend. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image with a cubist style depicting the planets Neptune and Uranus side by side in the cosmos. Neptune should appear further away from the viewer, and both planets should feature defined geometric shapes with distinct colors. Above them, integrate a simplified stock price chart for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, displaying a clear upward trend. Ensure that the image is cohesive in its portrayal of the celestial and financial elements, attributing a cubist twist to the scene's composition.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in The distance between Neptune and Uranus caused Regeneron Pharmaceuticals' stock price (REGN) to increase. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Nebulous Nexus: Navigating Neptune's Nearness to Regeneron's Rising Returns

The Journal of Cosmological Commerce

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and Uranus and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals' stock price (REGN). Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name some cartoons and childrens' shows that you watched that are related to the topic.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Nebulous Nexus: Navigating Neptune's Nearness to Regeneron's Rising Returns

[[ABSTRACT]]
The celestial dance of Neptune and Uranus has long captivated astronomers and astrologers alike. The enigmatic allure of these distant planets has sparked numerous speculations about their potential influence on earthly affairs. In this light-hearted but rigorous investigation, we sought to uncover the unexpected link between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (REGN). Drawing from the vast galactic data trove and financial analytics, our research team embarked on a cosmic odyssey to unravel this perplexing correlation.

Our findings have unveiled a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9171104 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the period between 2002 and 2023, indicating a robust statistical relationship. Remarkably, it appears that the ever-changing astronomical gap between Neptune and Uranus might have a bizarrely intertwined relationship with the market performance of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals.

As we navigate through this celestial maze of correlations and causations, we invite readers to join us in marveling at the cosmic conundrums that underpin financial phenomena. Whether it's the gravitational pull of distant planets or the whims of the stock market, this research fuels the eternal quest for understanding the whimsical and wondrous interplay between the cosmic and the corporate.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
In the vast expanse of the cosmos, where celestial bodies twirl and whirl in an intricate cosmic ballet, lies a peculiar mystery that has eluded the probing gaze of scientists and stargazers alike. The gravitational tango between Neptune and Uranus, two of the outermost planets in our solar system, has long been a source of cosmic fascination and conjecture. However, what if this celestial pas de deux held an unexpected connection to the vagaries of the stock market, particularly the performance of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (REGN)?
While the idea might appear as far-fetched as a spaceship navigating the asteroid belt, our intrepid team of researchers delved into this zany concept with unyielding determination. Armed with telescopic observations and financial data, we sought to demystify the enigmatic nexus between the astronomical separation of Neptune and Uranus and the trajectory of REGN stock prices.
As we embarked on this cosmic caper, it became evident that the seemingly disparate realms of astronomy and finance were on a collision course, hurtling toward a peculiar rendezvous of numbers and nebulae. Our investigation, though light-hearted in spirit, was underpinned by rigorous statistical analyses and a zeal for uncovering the unexpected.
The findings of this study have not only unveiled a peculiar statistical relationship but have also invited us to ponder the whimsical interplay between the distant cosmos and the Earth-bound realm of financial markets. With a correlation coefficient that rivals the orbital precision of Jupiter's moons and a p-value as rare as a comet's visit, the evidence pointing to a cosmic convergence with REGN's stock price has left us marveling at the cosmic forces that seemingly shape the ebb and flow of corporate fortunes.
Amidst the grandeur of the universe and the complexities of market dynamics, this research stands as a testament to the insatiable human curiosity that drives us to seek patterns and connections, even in the most unlikely of places. And so, we invite our esteemed readers to join us in this whimsical expedition into the celestial and the corporate, where the absurd becomes the subject of serious inquiry, and where the gravitational pull of distant planets might just hold the key to deciphering earthly wealth.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

In "The Celestial Dance of Neptune and Uranus: A Gravitational Waltz," Smith et al. undertook a comprehensive analysis of the orbital dynamics between Neptune and Uranus, shedding light on the intricate interplay of gravitational forces in the outer realms of our solar system. Their work provided a foundational understanding of the celestial mechanics that govern the movements of these distant planets, setting the stage for our own investigation into the cosmic conundrum that is the connection between their spatial separation and REGN's stock price.

Echoing the celestial musings, Doe's "Financial Astrology: Unveiling the Mysteries of Market Movements" delves into the arcane art of intertwining astrology with financial market predictions. While often dismissed as pseudoscience, Doe's work presents a thought-provoking perspective on the potential influence of cosmic phenomena on market trajectories, a notion that aligns with our own offbeat but earnest exploration.

As we wade deeper into the academic abyss, Jones' "Astrophysics and Assets: Uncovering Cosmic Correlations" beckons us to consider the uncharted territories of interstellar influences on earthly assets. Jones meticulously dissects the potential impacts of celestial events on financial landscapes, urging researchers to push the boundaries of conventional economic analyses. Little did Jones know, we would wade into these unknown waters with vigor and an irrepressible itch for cosmic curiosity.

Moving beyond the scholarly realm, real-life stories and anecdotes offer intriguing parallels to our own investigation. "The Cosmic Coincidence: Tales of Celestial Synchronicity" by John Starlight invites readers to ponder the unfathomable connections between cosmic occurrences and earthly happenings, offering an anecdotal glimpse into the mystical allure of celestial affairs. One can't help but wonder if Starlight's cosmic tale holds the key to unlocking the enigma that shrouds our own findings.

Venturing into the realm of fiction, Lemons and Limes' "Planetary Profits: Adventures in Astro-Economics" presents a whimsical narrative of interplanetary trade and astronomical market forces, blurring the lines between the whimsical and the wondrous. While decidedly fictional, the narrative's imaginative take on the intertwining of cosmic movements and financial fates adds a layer of lightheartedness to our own serious inquiry.

On the animated front, episodes of "The Planetary Prowess Adventures" and "Cosmic Currency Chronicles" – both aimed at younger audiences – playfully weave tales of intergalactic commerce and financial frolics amidst the celestial bodies. While undoubtedly tailored for a juvenile audience, these shows unwittingly depict a world where the cosmic and the economic converge, igniting the imagination of budding stargazers and aspiring entrepreneurs alike.

In summary, the existing literature presents a captivating interplay of academic rigor, imaginative narratives, and speculative musings, all converging on the cosmic stage of Neptune and Uranus and their potential connection to REGN's stock price. As we navigate through this melding of the mystical and the mundane, our journey promises to illuminate the unexpected intersections between the celestial and the corporate, leaving us marveling at the quirkiness of cosmic coincidences and earthly economics alike.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and Uranus and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals' stock price (REGN). Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Caclculated using Astropy and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) . You used data from 2002 to 2023

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Nebulous Nexus: Navigating Neptune's Nearness to Regeneron's Rising Returns

[[ABSTRACT]]
The celestial dance of Neptune and Uranus has long captivated astronomers and astrologers alike. The enigmatic allure of these distant planets has sparked numerous speculations about their potential influence on earthly affairs. In this light-hearted but rigorous investigation, we sought to uncover the unexpected link between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (REGN). Drawing from the vast galactic data trove and financial analytics, our research team embarked on a cosmic odyssey to unravel this perplexing correlation.

Our findings have unveiled a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9171104 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the period between 2002 and 2023, indicating a robust statistical relationship. Remarkably, it appears that the ever-changing astronomical gap between Neptune and Uranus might have a bizarrely intertwined relationship with the market performance of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals.

As we navigate through this celestial maze of correlations and causations, we invite readers to join us in marveling at the cosmic conundrums that underpin financial phenomena. Whether it's the gravitational pull of distant planets or the whims of the stock market, this research fuels the eternal quest for understanding the whimsical and wondrous interplay between the cosmic and the corporate.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
In the vast expanse of the cosmos, where celestial bodies twirl and whirl in an intricate cosmic ballet, lies a peculiar mystery that has eluded the probing gaze of scientists and stargazers alike. The gravitational tango between Neptune and Uranus, two of the outermost planets in our solar system, has long been a source of cosmic fascination and conjecture. However, what if this celestial pas de deux held an unexpected connection to the vagaries of the stock market, particularly the performance of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (REGN)?
While the idea might appear as far-fetched as a spaceship navigating the asteroid belt, our intrepid team of researchers delved into this zany concept with unyielding determination. Armed with telescopic observations and financial data, we sought to demystify the enigmatic nexus between the astronomical separation of Neptune and Uranus and the trajectory of REGN stock prices.
As we embarked on this cosmic caper, it became evident that the seemingly disparate realms of astronomy and finance were on a collision course, hurtling toward a peculiar rendezvous of numbers and nebulae. Our investigation, though light-hearted in spirit, was underpinned by rigorous statistical analyses and a zeal for uncovering the unexpected.
The findings of this study have not only unveiled a peculiar statistical relationship but have also invited us to ponder the whimsical interplay between the distant cosmos and the Earth-bound realm of financial markets. With a correlation coefficient that rivals the orbital precision of Jupiter's moons and a p-value as rare as a comet's visit, the evidence pointing to a cosmic convergence with REGN's stock price has left us marveling at the cosmic forces that seemingly shape the ebb and flow of corporate fortunes.
Amidst the grandeur of the universe and the complexities of market dynamics, this research stands as a testament to the insatiable human curiosity that drives us to seek patterns and connections, even in the most unlikely of places. And so, we invite our esteemed readers to join us in this whimsical expedition into the celestial and the corporate, where the absurd becomes the subject of serious inquiry, and where the gravitational pull of distant planets might just hold the key to deciphering earthly wealth.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To navigate the celestial labyrinth of Neptune and Uranus, as well as the labyrinthine corridors of financial data, our research team embarked on a frolicsome yet disciplined methodological journey. Armed with telescopes, statistical software, and a penchant for planetary puns, we charted a course that sought to unravel the mysterious connection between the celestial dance of Neptune and Uranus and the peculiar movements of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals' stock price (REGN).

Data Collection:

Our cosmic caper began with the acquisition of celestial data relating to the spatial dynamics of Neptune and Uranus. Utilizing the sophisticated tools of Astropy, we donned our metaphorical space suits and delved into the perusal of astronomical records. The distance between Neptune and Uranus, akin to a celestial game of hide-and-seek, was meticulously recorded and cross-referenced from diverse astronomical sources to ensure the accuracy of our celestial dataset.

Simultaneously, our financial sleuths scoured the vast expanse of economic insights using LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to capture the mesmerizing ebbs and flows of REGN's stock price from 2002 to 2023. This period encompassed the tumultuous terrains of market cycles, serving as a comprehensive canvas for capturing the nuances of the celestial and the corporate.

Data Analysis:

With data in hand, our analytical odyssey unfolded. We harnessed the power of statistical methodologies that were as robust as an astronaut's spacesuit, ensuring that our findings were grounded in rigorous scientific scrutiny. The correlation coefficient was called upon to quantify the semblance of a cosmic connection, while the p-value served as the beacon guiding us through the statistical cosmos.

By employing advanced statistical software and invoking the spirits of revered statisticians from the annals of academic history, we meticulously calculated the correlation coefficient and p-value, unveiling the cosmic secrets veiled within the crooks and crannies of our dataset. The statistical significance we uncovered was no fleeting comet, but rather a steadfast constellation of evidence pointing to a curious convergence.

In our quest to unearth Galactic Galleons of fortune, we also employed time series analysis to unravel the celestial ebbs and flows, mirroring the financial undulations of REGN's stock price. This approach allowed us to discern the subtle yet profound interplay between the celestial positions of Neptune and Uranus and the market performance of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals.

Limitations and Caveats:

While our cosmic escapade was imbued with enthusiasm and rigor, it is imperative to acknowledge the limitations inherent in traversing the interstellar and financial terrains. The inherent unpredictability of both celestial phenomena and market dynamics stands as a celestial enigma that continues to pique our curiosity. Furthermore, as with any statistical inquiry, the potential for spurious correlations must be approached with cautious skepticism, albeit with a twinkle of wonder in our eyes.

In summary, our methodological trajectory was characterized by a whimsical blend of celestial fascination and financial acumen, culminating in a fusion of statistical rigor and cosmic curiosity. As we indulge in the findings that follow, let us remember that even the most peculiar of connections can unravel a universe of insight, and that in the pursuit of knowledge, the celestial and the corporate may not be as distant as they seem.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and Uranus and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals' stock price (REGN). Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Nebulous Nexus: Navigating Neptune's Nearness to Regeneron's Rising Returns

[[ABSTRACT]]
The celestial dance of Neptune and Uranus has long captivated astronomers and astrologers alike. The enigmatic allure of these distant planets has sparked numerous speculations about their potential influence on earthly affairs. In this light-hearted but rigorous investigation, we sought to uncover the unexpected link between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (REGN). Drawing from the vast galactic data trove and financial analytics, our research team embarked on a cosmic odyssey to unravel this perplexing correlation.

Our findings have unveiled a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9171104 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the period between 2002 and 2023, indicating a robust statistical relationship. Remarkably, it appears that the ever-changing astronomical gap between Neptune and Uranus might have a bizarrely intertwined relationship with the market performance of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals.

As we navigate through this celestial maze of correlations and causations, we invite readers to join us in marveling at the cosmic conundrums that underpin financial phenomena. Whether it's the gravitational pull of distant planets or the whims of the stock market, this research fuels the eternal quest for understanding the whimsical and wondrous interplay between the cosmic and the corporate.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In "The Celestial Dance of Neptune and Uranus: A Gravitational Waltz," Smith et al. undertook a comprehensive analysis of the orbital dynamics between Neptune and Uranus, shedding light on the intricate interplay of gravitational forces in the outer realms of our solar system. Their work provided a foundational understanding of the celestial mechanics that govern the movements of these distant planets, setting the stage for our own investigation into the cosmic conundrum that is the connection between their spatial separation and REGN's stock price.
Echoing the celestial musings, Doe's "Financial Astrology: Unveiling the Mysteries of Market Movements" delves into the arcane art of intertwining astrology with financial market predictions. While often dismissed as pseudoscience, Doe's work presents a thought-provoking perspective on the potential influence of cosmic phenomena on market trajectories, a notion that aligns with our own offbeat but earnest exploration.
As we wade deeper into the academic abyss, Jones' "Astrophysics and Assets: Uncovering Cosmic Correlations" beckons us to consider the uncharted territories of interstellar influences on earthly assets. Jones meticulously dissects the potential impacts of celestial events on financial landscapes, urging researchers to push the boundaries of conventional economic analyses. Little did Jones know, we would wade into these unknown waters with vigor and an irrepressible itch for cosmic curiosity.
Moving beyond the scholarly realm, real-life stories and anecdotes offer intriguing parallels to our own investigation. "The Cosmic Coincidence: Tales of Celestial Synchronicity" by John Starlight invites readers to ponder the unfathomable connections between cosmic occurrences and earthly happenings, offering an anecdotal glimpse into the mystical allure of celestial affairs. One can't help but wonder if Starlight's cosmic tale holds the key to unlocking the enigma that shrouds our own findings.
Venturing into the realm of fiction, Lemons and Limes' "Planetary Profits: Adventures in Astro-Economics" presents a whimsical narrative of interplanetary trade and astronomical market forces, blurring the lines between the whimsical and the wondrous. While decidedly fictional, the narrative's imaginative take on the intertwining of cosmic movements and financial fates adds a layer of lightheartedness to our own serious inquiry.
On the animated front, episodes of "The Planetary Prowess Adventures" and "Cosmic Currency Chronicles" – both aimed at younger audiences – playfully weave tales of intergalactic commerce and financial frolics amidst the celestial bodies. While undoubtedly tailored for a juvenile audience, these shows unwittingly depict a world where the cosmic and the economic converge, igniting the imagination of budding stargazers and aspiring entrepreneurs alike.
In summary, the existing literature presents a captivating interplay of academic rigor, imaginative narratives, and speculative musings, all converging on the cosmic stage of Neptune and Uranus and their potential connection to REGN's stock price. As we navigate through this melding of the mystical and the mundane, our journey promises to illuminate the unexpected intersections between the celestial and the corporate, leaving us marveling at the quirkiness of cosmic coincidences and earthly economics alike.

[[RESULTS]]
The data analysis revealed a remarkably strong correlation between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (REGN). The correlation coefficient of 0.9171104 indicates a very high positive correlation between these two variables. In other words, as the distance between Neptune and Uranus changes, there is a corresponding and eerily synchronized change in the stock price of REGN. This correlation coefficient is so strong, it’s almost as if Neptune and Uranus are whispering stock market secrets to each other across the cosmic void.
The coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.8410915 further solidifies the relationship, indicating that approximately 84% of the variability in REGN stock price can be explained by changes in the distance between Neptune and Uranus. It’s as if the movements of these distant giants are choreographing an elaborate financial ballet on the stock market stage.
The p-value being less than 0.01 emphasizes the statistical significance of this relationship, providing strong evidence against the null hypothesis that there is no association between planetary distances and REGN stock price. This finding suggests that there might indeed be some cosmic forces at play, influencing the fates of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals in unanticipated ways.
The scatterplot in Figure 1 illustrates this captivating correlation, with data points swirling and orbiting in a celestial dance of numerical harmony. It's as if the dots on the plot are performing an intricate cosmic waltz, perfectly synchronized to the celestial rhythms of Neptune and Uranus, much like a cosmic ballet of financial fortune.
In conclusion, our findings suggest that the ever-changing distances between the distant planets Neptune and Uranus might have a strangely intertwined relationship with the stock price of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. The implications of this cosmic connection extend beyond the realms of finance and astronomy, challenging our understanding of causality and inviting us to contemplate the unexpected interplay between celestial movements and corporate performances.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our results have left us astounded, much like the astronomers who first witnessed the celestial waltz of Neptune and Uranus. Supported by the prior research that delved into the gravitational waltz between these distant planets, our findings reveal a correlation so strong that it's as if Neptune and Uranus are two stock market aficionados having a cosmic conversation about REGN over a proverbial cup of celestial coffee. A correlation coefficient of 0.9171104 suggests a near telepathic level of connection, and the p-value of less than 0.01 further solidifies the statistical significance, leaving us to ponder if the stock market's rapport with the distant planets is one of unexpected cosmic camaraderie.

Drawing on the offbeat musings of financial astrology and the quirky narratives of planetary profits from the literature review, our findings lend credibility to the seemingly whimsical notions it espoused. It's as if the celestial and the corporate have merged in a cosmic crossover event, reminiscent of a Marvel movie plotline, sparking the realization that perhaps there are cosmic financial forces at play, hidden in the interstellar tapestry. This revelation offers a humorous twist to the age-old question of whether the stars influence our destinies, with a modern twist of their impact on stock portfolios.

The coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.8410915 showcases a whopping 84% of the variability in REGN stock price being attributed to the cosmic dance between Neptune and Uranus. It's as if the market is caught in a cosmic tug-of-war, with these planetary giants whimsically influencing the ebb and flow of stock values. This finding breathes life into the imaginative narratives of interplanetary trade and financial frolics, playfully depicted in the literature review, showing that the intersection of the celestial and the financial might not be as fictional as we once thought.

The scatterplot in Figure 1, a celestial ballet of numerical harmony, visually encapsulates the harmony between the stock market and the distant planets, painting a picture of synchronicity that transcends the mundane world of finance. It's as if the data points are performing an intricate cosmic waltz, with each movement of Neptune and Uranus being mirrored in the fluctuations of REGN's stock price, much like a celestial ballet of financial fortune, making us wonder if the graduating class of financial analysts will soon have an astrology component added to their curriculum.

Our findings expand the horizons of financial and astronomical understanding, proposing that the enigmatic pull of Neptune and Uranus might extend far beyond the reaches of our solar system to influence earthly assets. This departure from conventional economic analyses presents a comical twist to traditional financial research, challenging the status quo with a celestial sense of humor that might shift the cosmic scales of business acumen and financial insight.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and Uranus and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals' stock price (REGN). Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Nebulous Nexus: Navigating Neptune's Nearness to Regeneron's Rising Returns

[[ABSTRACT]]
The celestial dance of Neptune and Uranus has long captivated astronomers and astrologers alike. The enigmatic allure of these distant planets has sparked numerous speculations about their potential influence on earthly affairs. In this light-hearted but rigorous investigation, we sought to uncover the unexpected link between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (REGN). Drawing from the vast galactic data trove and financial analytics, our research team embarked on a cosmic odyssey to unravel this perplexing correlation.

Our findings have unveiled a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9171104 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the period between 2002 and 2023, indicating a robust statistical relationship. Remarkably, it appears that the ever-changing astronomical gap between Neptune and Uranus might have a bizarrely intertwined relationship with the market performance of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals.

As we navigate through this celestial maze of correlations and causations, we invite readers to join us in marveling at the cosmic conundrums that underpin financial phenomena. Whether it's the gravitational pull of distant planets or the whims of the stock market, this research fuels the eternal quest for understanding the whimsical and wondrous interplay between the cosmic and the corporate.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
In the vast expanse of the cosmos, where celestial bodies twirl and whirl in an intricate cosmic ballet, lies a peculiar mystery that has eluded the probing gaze of scientists and stargazers alike. The gravitational tango between Neptune and Uranus, two of the outermost planets in our solar system, has long been a source of cosmic fascination and conjecture. However, what if this celestial pas de deux held an unexpected connection to the vagaries of the stock market, particularly the performance of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (REGN)?
While the idea might appear as far-fetched as a spaceship navigating the asteroid belt, our intrepid team of researchers delved into this zany concept with unyielding determination. Armed with telescopic observations and financial data, we sought to demystify the enigmatic nexus between the astronomical separation of Neptune and Uranus and the trajectory of REGN stock prices.
As we embarked on this cosmic caper, it became evident that the seemingly disparate realms of astronomy and finance were on a collision course, hurtling toward a peculiar rendezvous of numbers and nebulae. Our investigation, though light-hearted in spirit, was underpinned by rigorous statistical analyses and a zeal for uncovering the unexpected.
The findings of this study have not only unveiled a peculiar statistical relationship but have also invited us to ponder the whimsical interplay between the distant cosmos and the Earth-bound realm of financial markets. With a correlation coefficient that rivals the orbital precision of Jupiter's moons and a p-value as rare as a comet's visit, the evidence pointing to a cosmic convergence with REGN's stock price has left us marveling at the cosmic forces that seemingly shape the ebb and flow of corporate fortunes.
Amidst the grandeur of the universe and the complexities of market dynamics, this research stands as a testament to the insatiable human curiosity that drives us to seek patterns and connections, even in the most unlikely of places. And so, we invite our esteemed readers to join us in this whimsical expedition into the celestial and the corporate, where the absurd becomes the subject of serious inquiry, and where the gravitational pull of distant planets might just hold the key to deciphering earthly wealth.

[[RESULTS]]
The data analysis revealed a remarkably strong correlation between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (REGN). The correlation coefficient of 0.9171104 indicates a very high positive correlation between these two variables. In other words, as the distance between Neptune and Uranus changes, there is a corresponding and eerily synchronized change in the stock price of REGN. This correlation coefficient is so strong, it’s almost as if Neptune and Uranus are whispering stock market secrets to each other across the cosmic void.
The coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.8410915 further solidifies the relationship, indicating that approximately 84% of the variability in REGN stock price can be explained by changes in the distance between Neptune and Uranus. It’s as if the movements of these distant giants are choreographing an elaborate financial ballet on the stock market stage.
The p-value being less than 0.01 emphasizes the statistical significance of this relationship, providing strong evidence against the null hypothesis that there is no association between planetary distances and REGN stock price. This finding suggests that there might indeed be some cosmic forces at play, influencing the fates of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals in unanticipated ways.
The scatterplot in Figure 1 illustrates this captivating correlation, with data points swirling and orbiting in a celestial dance of numerical harmony. It's as if the dots on the plot are performing an intricate cosmic waltz, perfectly synchronized to the celestial rhythms of Neptune and Uranus, much like a cosmic ballet of financial fortune.
In conclusion, our findings suggest that the ever-changing distances between the distant planets Neptune and Uranus might have a strangely intertwined relationship with the stock price of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. The implications of this cosmic connection extend beyond the realms of finance and astronomy, challenging our understanding of causality and inviting us to contemplate the unexpected interplay between celestial movements and corporate performances.

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[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

As we reach the culminating phases of our cosmic escapade, the findings of this whimsical expedition have unveiled a connection between the celestial waltz of Neptune and Uranus and the financial fortune of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals that is as astonishing as stumbling upon a shooting star during daylight.

The robust correlation coefficient of 0.9171104 and the p-value less than 0.01 defy conventional wisdom, much like finding a black hole in the stock market. It's as if the gravitational pull of Neptune and Uranus is secretly whispering stock market predictions to astute cosmic observers, akin to a celestial game of Chinese whispers.

The coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.8410915 signifies a cosmic choreography where approximately 84% of the variability in REGN stock price is synchronized with the cosmic ballet performed by Neptune and Uranus. It's as if the cosmos is orchestrating a financial symphony, complete with celestial crescendos and diminuendos that impact REGN's stock price.

The scatterplot in Figure 1, with its swirling and orbiting data points, encapsulates the cosmic ballet of financial fate, where the movements of Neptune and Uranus seem eerily intertwined with the stock market performance of REGN as if engaging in a thematic ensemble performance.

In closing, the evidence presented offers a cosmic conundrum that challenges our conventional understanding of causality and invites us to ponder the cosmic forces manipulating the earthly realm of finance. The unexpected interplay between celestial movements and corporate performances is as confounding and captivating as a comet's meandering trajectory through the night sky.

Finally, we assert with utmost confidence that no further research in this area is needed, as this study has unambiguously demonstrated the distinct connection between the celestial dance of Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of Regeneron. It's time to set our sights on new frontiers of inquiry, leaving behind the cosmic capers of Neptune and Uranus in the annals of financial astonishment.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Nebulous Nexus: Navigating Neptune's Nearness to Regeneron's Rising Returns. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Cosmological Commerce

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Nebulous Nexus: Navigating Neptune's Nearness to Regeneron's Rising Returns. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Association for Planetary Economics and Interstellar Commerce

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Nebulous Nexus: Navigating Neptune's Nearness to Regeneron's Rising Returns with an abstract of The celestial dance of Neptune and Uranus has long captivated astronomers and astrologers alike. The enigmatic allure of these distant planets has sparked numerous speculations about their potential influence on earthly affairs. In this light-hearted but rigorous investigation, we sought to uncover the unexpected link between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (REGN). Drawing from the vast galactic data trove and financial analytics, our research team embarked on a cosmic odyssey to unravel this perplexing correlation.
Our findings have unveiled a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9171104 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the period between 2002 and 2023, indicating a robust statistical relationship. Remarkably, it appears that the ever-changing astronomical gap between Neptune and Uranus might have a bizarrely intertwined relationship with the market performance of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals.
As we navigate through this celestial maze of correlations and causations, we invite readers to join us in marveling at the cosmic conundrums that underpin financial phenomena. Whether it's the gravitational pull of distant planets or the whims of the stock market, this research fuels the eternal quest for understanding the whimsical and wondrous interplay between the cosmic and the corporate.

ChatGPT:

Neptune, Uranus, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, celestial influence, stock price correlation, financial analytics, correlation coefficient, astronomical gap, market performance, distant planets, cosmic influence, stock market, financial phenomena

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

The distance between Neptune and Uranus
Detailed data title: The average distance between Neptune and Uranus as measured on the first day of each month
Source: Caclculated using Astropy
Additional Info: ^{See full details} I wrote a Python script using Astropy to calculate the distance between the named planets on the first day of each month for every year.

See what else correlates with The distance between Neptune and Uranus

Regeneron Pharmaceuticals' stock price (REGN)
Detailed data title: Opening price of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (REGN) on the first trading day of the year
Source: LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv)
Additional Info: ^{See full details} Via Microsoft Excel Stockhistory function

See what else correlates with Regeneron Pharmaceuticals' stock price (REGN)

Correlation r = 0.9171104 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.8410915 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 84.1% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals' stock price (REGN)) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., The distance between Neptune and Uranus) over the 22 years from 2002 through 2023.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 2.0E-9.^Show 0.0000000019560854960247385000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.92 in 2.0E-7% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 511,225,098 random variables^Note You don't actually need 511 million variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 21 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 21 because we have two variables measured over a period of 22 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.81, 0.97 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
The distance between Neptune and Uranus (Planetary distance (AU))	12.3947	12.8119	13.2579	13.7275	14.218	14.727	15.2532	15.7925	16.3438	16.906	17.4791	18.0597	18.6476	19.2423	19.8443	20.4507	21.0616	21.6768	22.2973	22.9204	23.5465	24.1757
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals' stock price (REGN) (Stock price)	28.04	18.55	14.81	9.36	15.8	19.93	24.02	18.42	24.24	32.69	56.51	176.42	275.77	413.9	531.76	370.84	379.48	368.15	378	486.85	625	721.86

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,213 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 635,695,369 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. ^Note Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([12.3947,12.8119,13.2579,13.7275,14.218,14.727,15.2532,15.7925,16.3438,16.906,17.4791,18.0597,18.6476,19.2423,19.8443,20.4507,21.0616,21.6768,22.2973,22.9204,23.5465,24.1757,])
array_2 = np.array([28.04,18.55,14.81,9.36,15.8,19.93,24.02,18.42,24.24,32.69,56.51,176.42,275.77,413.9,531.76,370.84,379.48,368.15,378,486.85,625,721.86,])
array_1_name = "The distance between Neptune and Uranus"
array_2_name = "Regeneron Pharmaceuticals' stock price (REGN)"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only The distance between Neptune and Uranus
Line chart for only Regeneron Pharmaceuticals' stock price (REGN)
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Nebulous Nexus: Navigating Neptune's Nearness to Regeneron's Rising Returns

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Correlation ID: 2293 · Black Variable ID: 1967 · Red Variable ID: 1649


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