Spurious correlation #2,181 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The distance between Neptune and Uranus and the second variable is ONEOK's stock price (OKE). The chart goes from 2002 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The distance between Neptune and Uranus and the second variable is ONEOK's stock price (OKE). The chart goes from 2002 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As the gravitational pull between the two distant planets weakened, it created a ripple effect on Earth's energy fields. This celestial shift somehow boosted the demand for natural gas, ultimately driving up the stock price of ONEOK, a leading natural gas company. It's like the universe whispered, "Buy high, sell solar!"

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image that captures the celestial beauty and juxtaposition of cosmic bodies and earthly financial growth. Imagine Neptune and Uranus gracefully orbiting in the vast expanse of space, their serene presence contrasting with the bustling activity on Earth. In the foreground, visualize the stock price of ONEOK rising steadily, manifesting as an upward trajectory that parallels the impressive distance between the distant planets. Capture the tranquility of the cosmos and the excitement of financial ascent in this striking scene. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: The distance between Neptune and Uranus and ONEOK's stock price. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Voxel art High-tech Pop art Cubism A scene from Skyrim
ChatGPT: A scene from Skyrim

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both The distance between Neptune and Uranus and ONEOK's stock price together. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In the vast expanse of outer space, Neptune and Uranus orbit peacefully, with a significant distance between them. Meanwhile, on Earth, the stock price of ONEOK rises steadily, reaching new heights and stretching further like the gap between the two distant planets.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A scene from Skyrim ] and depicting this scene: In the vast expanse of outer space, Neptune and Uranus orbit peacefully, with a significant distance between them. Meanwhile, on Earth, the stock price of ONEOK rises steadily, reaching new heights and stretching further like the gap between the two distant planets. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image that captures the celestial beauty and juxtaposition of cosmic bodies and earthly financial growth. Imagine Neptune and Uranus gracefully orbiting in the vast expanse of space, their serene presence contrasting with the bustling activity on Earth. In the foreground, visualize the stock price of ONEOK rising steadily, manifesting as an upward trajectory that parallels the impressive distance between the distant planets. Capture the tranquility of the cosmos and the excitement of financial ascent in this striking scene.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in The distance between Neptune and Uranus caused ONEOK's stock price (OKE) to increase. Make it feel plausible.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Stellar Stock Surprises: Unveiling the Celestial Correlation Between Neptune and Uranus Distance and ONEOK's OKE Stock Price

Journal of Galactic Finance

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and Uranus and ONEOK's stock price (OKE). Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then devolve ever further, and mention something completely ridiculous, like you conducted literature review by reading CVS receipts.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Stellar Stock Surprises: Unveiling the Celestial Correlation Between Neptune and Uranus Distance and ONEOK's OKE Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The relationship between astronomical phenomena and financial markets has long sparked curiosity, and our research delves into this entertaining intersection. Utilizing data from Astropy and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we examined the intriguing connection between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of ONEOK (OKE). Surprisingly, our analysis unveiled a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8940301 with a p-value less than 0.01, indicating a statistically significant relationship. These astronomical bodies seem to be exerting a seemingly celestial influence on the terrestrial realm of stock prices, presenting a celestial conundrum for financial analysts. Our findings add a lighthearted twist to the financial world, showcasing that perhaps the stars have a whimsical role in shaping market trends.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The relationship between celestial bodies and earthly affairs has intrigued scholars and laypersons alike for centuries. While the idea of the cosmos influencing human events often seems more suitable for fortune tellers and horoscope enthusiasts, the notion of a connection between astronomical phenomena and financial markets is typically met with skepticism. However, the sheer abundance of data and the human inclination to seek patterns has led researchers to investigate the possibility of such a correlation. In this study, we explore the surprising correlation between the distance separating the gas giants Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of ONEOK (OKE).
Astrophysicists have long marveled at the celestial dance of the planets, but the idea that the movements of these distant orbs could sway the movements of the stock market might seem like a concept from a science fiction novel rather than a rigorous empirical study. Nevertheless, our research aims to shed light on this curious connection and untangle the potential links between astronomical events and financial market behavior.
The stock price of ONEOK, a company deeply immersed in the energy sector, seems an unlikely candidate for a celestial influence. However, our analysis reveals a surprisingly robust correlation coefficient of 0.8940301 and a p-value less than 0.01, suggesting a statistically significant relationship. This unexpected statistical relationship prompts a reexamination of the traditional factors that influence stock prices and adds a whimsical dimension to the typically dour world of financial analysis.
Like the unpredictable nature of the cosmos itself, the discovery of a connection between the distant giants of our solar system and a single stock's price presents a jovial conundrum for analysts. Could it be that the celestial spheres, in all their enigmatic glory, are playfully toying with the whims of the financial markets? Our findings offer a lighthearted twist to the typically staid environment of financial analysis, demonstrating that perhaps there is more than meets the eye in the complex web of influences shaping market trends.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

Previous studies have delved into the fascinating relationship between astronomical phenomena and financial market trends, seeking to elucidate any potential connections that may exist. Smith and Doe (2018) identified correlations between lunar phases and stock market performance, while Jones (2016) explored the impact of solar flares on global economic indicators. These studies, although serious in their approach, opened the door to exploring unconventional influences on financial markets.

In "Astrology for Dummies," the authors find a myriad of bizarre connections between astronomical events and personal finances, though the scholarly rigor of their assertions remains dubious. Furthermore, "The Universe and You: A Cosmic Connection to Financial Success" presents a far-fetched argument for merging cosmic events with investment strategies, bordering on the absurd.

The realm of fiction also contributes to this discourse, with works such as "Trading Spaces: Planetary Edition" and "The Stock Market Sorcerer: A Celestial Guide to Investing" presenting imaginative scenarios where celestial bodies exert mystical influences on financial markets. While these works are entertaining, their scientific merit remains questionable at best.

In an unorthodox turn, the current study expands on this body of literature by exploring the connection between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of ONEOK (OKE). The authors admiy that in addition to conventional academic sources, the relevant literature was gathered through unconventional means, including interpreting the mysterious symbolism on ancient cave paintings, decoding the cryptic messages of fortune cookies, and even analyzing the inkblots of a particularly enigmatic barista's latte art. Despite these unorthodox measures, the authors present the findings with all the gravitas expected of scholarly rigor.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and Uranus and ONEOK's stock price (OKE). Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Caclculated using Astropy and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) . You used data from 2002 to 2023

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Stellar Stock Surprises: Unveiling the Celestial Correlation Between Neptune and Uranus Distance and ONEOK's OKE Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The relationship between astronomical phenomena and financial markets has long sparked curiosity, and our research delves into this entertaining intersection. Utilizing data from Astropy and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we examined the intriguing connection between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of ONEOK (OKE). Surprisingly, our analysis unveiled a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8940301 with a p-value less than 0.01, indicating a statistically significant relationship. These astronomical bodies seem to be exerting a seemingly celestial influence on the terrestrial realm of stock prices, presenting a celestial conundrum for financial analysts. Our findings add a lighthearted twist to the financial world, showcasing that perhaps the stars have a whimsical role in shaping market trends.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The relationship between celestial bodies and earthly affairs has intrigued scholars and laypersons alike for centuries. While the idea of the cosmos influencing human events often seems more suitable for fortune tellers and horoscope enthusiasts, the notion of a connection between astronomical phenomena and financial markets is typically met with skepticism. However, the sheer abundance of data and the human inclination to seek patterns has led researchers to investigate the possibility of such a correlation. In this study, we explore the surprising correlation between the distance separating the gas giants Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of ONEOK (OKE).
Astrophysicists have long marveled at the celestial dance of the planets, but the idea that the movements of these distant orbs could sway the movements of the stock market might seem like a concept from a science fiction novel rather than a rigorous empirical study. Nevertheless, our research aims to shed light on this curious connection and untangle the potential links between astronomical events and financial market behavior.
The stock price of ONEOK, a company deeply immersed in the energy sector, seems an unlikely candidate for a celestial influence. However, our analysis reveals a surprisingly robust correlation coefficient of 0.8940301 and a p-value less than 0.01, suggesting a statistically significant relationship. This unexpected statistical relationship prompts a reexamination of the traditional factors that influence stock prices and adds a whimsical dimension to the typically dour world of financial analysis.
Like the unpredictable nature of the cosmos itself, the discovery of a connection between the distant giants of our solar system and a single stock's price presents a jovial conundrum for analysts. Could it be that the celestial spheres, in all their enigmatic glory, are playfully toying with the whims of the financial markets? Our findings offer a lighthearted twist to the typically staid environment of financial analysis, demonstrating that perhaps there is more than meets the eye in the complex web of influences shaping market trends.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To uncover the celestial correlation between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and ONEOK's (OKE) stock price, our research team embarked on a methodological odyssey that combined astrophysical data with financial market analysis. Leveraging data from 2002 to 2023, we conducted an eclectic and sometimes whimsical array of data collection techniques to scrutinize this celestial conundrum.

The distance between Neptune and Uranus was measured using the sophisticated tools of Astropy, ensuring the utmost precision in capturing the celestial positions of these gas giants. Simultaneously, ONEOK's stock price data was acquired from LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), serving as the terrestrial counterpart in our investigation.

The nebulous nature of this research endeavor demanded a comprehensive approach, including the fusion of disparate disciplines. The astronomical data were painstakingly cross-referenced with financial market data using complex algorithms and rigorous statistical techniques. We employed out-of-this-world mathematical models, orbiting around multivariate regression analyses and time series modeling, to unveil the underlying patterns that might be obscured by the stardust of random fluctuations.

Furthermore, due to the hypothetical and unconventional nature of our research focus, we delved into a cosmic mosaic of qualitative interviews with seasoned financial analysts and astrophysicists. This qualitative dimension aimed to capture the ineffable insights and intangible nuances that might elude traditional quantitative methods. These interviews provided celestial context to our findings, allowing for a more holistic understanding of the celestial connection posited in our research.

Though the methodology employed in this study may seem as elusive as a shooting star, its thoroughness and diligence are integral to comprehensively investigating a correlation as unprecedented as the one we have uncovered. Our interdisciplinary approach sought to bridge the vast expanse between the celestial and financial realms, proving that even the most unconventional connections can be subjected to rigorous empirical scrutiny.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and Uranus and ONEOK's stock price (OKE). Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Caclculated using Astropy and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) .

For the time period 2002 to 2023, you found a correlation 0.8940301, r-squared of 0.7992899, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Stellar Stock Surprises: Unveiling the Celestial Correlation Between Neptune and Uranus Distance and ONEOK's OKE Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The relationship between astronomical phenomena and financial markets has long sparked curiosity, and our research delves into this entertaining intersection. Utilizing data from Astropy and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we examined the intriguing connection between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of ONEOK (OKE). Surprisingly, our analysis unveiled a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8940301 with a p-value less than 0.01, indicating a statistically significant relationship. These astronomical bodies seem to be exerting a seemingly celestial influence on the terrestrial realm of stock prices, presenting a celestial conundrum for financial analysts. Our findings add a lighthearted twist to the financial world, showcasing that perhaps the stars have a whimsical role in shaping market trends.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The relationship between celestial bodies and earthly affairs has intrigued scholars and laypersons alike for centuries. While the idea of the cosmos influencing human events often seems more suitable for fortune tellers and horoscope enthusiasts, the notion of a connection between astronomical phenomena and financial markets is typically met with skepticism. However, the sheer abundance of data and the human inclination to seek patterns has led researchers to investigate the possibility of such a correlation. In this study, we explore the surprising correlation between the distance separating the gas giants Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of ONEOK (OKE).
Astrophysicists have long marveled at the celestial dance of the planets, but the idea that the movements of these distant orbs could sway the movements of the stock market might seem like a concept from a science fiction novel rather than a rigorous empirical study. Nevertheless, our research aims to shed light on this curious connection and untangle the potential links between astronomical events and financial market behavior.
The stock price of ONEOK, a company deeply immersed in the energy sector, seems an unlikely candidate for a celestial influence. However, our analysis reveals a surprisingly robust correlation coefficient of 0.8940301 and a p-value less than 0.01, suggesting a statistically significant relationship. This unexpected statistical relationship prompts a reexamination of the traditional factors that influence stock prices and adds a whimsical dimension to the typically dour world of financial analysis.
Like the unpredictable nature of the cosmos itself, the discovery of a connection between the distant giants of our solar system and a single stock's price presents a jovial conundrum for analysts. Could it be that the celestial spheres, in all their enigmatic glory, are playfully toying with the whims of the financial markets? Our findings offer a lighthearted twist to the typically staid environment of financial analysis, demonstrating that perhaps there is more than meets the eye in the complex web of influences shaping market trends.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The analysis of the relationship between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of ONEOK (OKE) during the period from 2002 to 2023 revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8940301, indicating a strong linear relationship. The coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.7992899 further demonstrates the substantial influence of the planetary distances on the stock price movement of ONEOK (OKE). Moreover, the p-value of less than 0.01 suggests that the observed correlation is statistically significant at the 1% level, providing empirical support for the connection between these seemingly disparate domains.

The scatterplot (Fig. 1) displayed a clear and compelling pattern, illustrating the close relationship between the distances of Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of ONEOK (OKE) over the two-decade period. The unmistakable alignment of data points on the scatterplot highlights the coherence of the relationship, leaving little room for astronomical error.

The unexpected strength of the association between astronomical distances and stock prices raises intriguing questions about the potential drivers of financial markets. Could it be that the movements of celestial bodies have effects that extend beyond the realms of astronomy and astrology? Our findings add a touch of cosmic curiosity to the otherwise mundane world of financial analysis, inviting further exploration of the influences that may shape market dynamics.

The robust correlation observed in this study presents a celestial conundrum for financial analysts and prompts a reevaluation of the traditional factors considered in stock price movements. While the humor of the universe may be inexplicable, the statistical relationship we uncovered speaks volumes about the curious patterns that can emerge from seemingly unrelated phenomena.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and Uranus and ONEOK's stock price (OKE). Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Stellar Stock Surprises: Unveiling the Celestial Correlation Between Neptune and Uranus Distance and ONEOK's OKE Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The relationship between astronomical phenomena and financial markets has long sparked curiosity, and our research delves into this entertaining intersection. Utilizing data from Astropy and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we examined the intriguing connection between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of ONEOK (OKE). Surprisingly, our analysis unveiled a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8940301 with a p-value less than 0.01, indicating a statistically significant relationship. These astronomical bodies seem to be exerting a seemingly celestial influence on the terrestrial realm of stock prices, presenting a celestial conundrum for financial analysts. Our findings add a lighthearted twist to the financial world, showcasing that perhaps the stars have a whimsical role in shaping market trends.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
Previous studies have delved into the fascinating relationship between astronomical phenomena and financial market trends, seeking to elucidate any potential connections that may exist. Smith and Doe (2018) identified correlations between lunar phases and stock market performance, while Jones (2016) explored the impact of solar flares on global economic indicators. These studies, although serious in their approach, opened the door to exploring unconventional influences on financial markets.
In "Astrology for Dummies," the authors find a myriad of bizarre connections between astronomical events and personal finances, though the scholarly rigor of their assertions remains dubious. Furthermore, "The Universe and You: A Cosmic Connection to Financial Success" presents a far-fetched argument for merging cosmic events with investment strategies, bordering on the absurd.
The realm of fiction also contributes to this discourse, with works such as "Trading Spaces: Planetary Edition" and "The Stock Market Sorcerer: A Celestial Guide to Investing" presenting imaginative scenarios where celestial bodies exert mystical influences on financial markets. While these works are entertaining, their scientific merit remains questionable at best.
In an unorthodox turn, the current study expands on this body of literature by exploring the connection between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of ONEOK (OKE). The authors admiy that in addition to conventional academic sources, the relevant literature was gathered through unconventional means, including interpreting the mysterious symbolism on ancient cave paintings, decoding the cryptic messages of fortune cookies, and even analyzing the inkblots of a particularly enigmatic barista's latte art. Despite these unorthodox measures, the authors present the findings with all the gravitas expected of scholarly rigor.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the relationship between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of ONEOK (OKE) during the period from 2002 to 2023 revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8940301, indicating a strong linear relationship. The coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.7992899 further demonstrates the substantial influence of the planetary distances on the stock price movement of ONEOK (OKE). Moreover, the p-value of less than 0.01 suggests that the observed correlation is statistically significant at the 1% level, providing empirical support for the connection between these seemingly disparate domains.
The scatterplot (Fig. 1) displayed a clear and compelling pattern, illustrating the close relationship between the distances of Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of ONEOK (OKE) over the two-decade period. The unmistakable alignment of data points on the scatterplot highlights the coherence of the relationship, leaving little room for astronomical error.
The unexpected strength of the association between astronomical distances and stock prices raises intriguing questions about the potential drivers of financial markets. Could it be that the movements of celestial bodies have effects that extend beyond the realms of astronomy and astrology? Our findings add a touch of cosmic curiosity to the otherwise mundane world of financial analysis, inviting further exploration of the influences that may shape market dynamics.
The robust correlation observed in this study presents a celestial conundrum for financial analysts and prompts a reevaluation of the traditional factors considered in stock price movements. While the humor of the universe may be inexplicable, the statistical relationship we uncovered speaks volumes about the curious patterns that can emerge from seemingly unrelated phenomena.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The results of this study lend empirical support to the seemingly outlandish notions put forth in "Astrology for Dummies" and "The Universe and You: A Cosmic Connection to Financial Success." Although these sources may have been regarded with skepticism, our findings reveal a substantial and statistically significant relationship between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of ONEOK (OKE). This corroborates the unorthodox claims made in these literature sources and provides a quantitative basis for further exploration of the celestial influences on financial markets.

The correlation coefficient of 0.8940301 indicates a remarkably strong linear relationship between the astronomical distances and the stock price of ONEOK (OKE), surpassing the expectations of conventional financial analysis. While the literature review acknowledged the dubious scientific merit of unconventional sources, our study has demonstrated that even the most unexpected connections may harbor profound implications.

Our findings challenge the traditional factors considered in stock price movements and prompt a reevaluation of the assumptions underlying financial analysis. The striking coherence illustrated by the scatterplot suggests a previously unnoticed alignment of celestial and financial patterns, introducing a celestial conundrum for financial analysts and researchers alike.

This study also extends the discourse on unconventional influences on financial markets, expanding beyond the more commonly studied lunar phases and solar flares. By focusing on planetary distances, our research broadens the scope of celestial phenomena that may exert influence on financial dynamics. The surprising empirical evidence presented here invites further exploration into the mechanisms through which celestial bodies may shape market trends, opening new avenues for interdisciplinary collaboration between astronomy and economics.

The statistical relationship uncovered in this study adds a touch of cosmic curiosity to the realm of financial analysis, beckoning researchers to consider the peculiar patterns that may emerge from seemingly unrelated phenomena. While the whims of the universe may remain inscrutable, our findings serve as a testament to the unanticipated connections that can arise, reminding us that even financial markets may harbor celestial surprises.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and Uranus and ONEOK's stock price (OKE). Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Stellar Stock Surprises: Unveiling the Celestial Correlation Between Neptune and Uranus Distance and ONEOK's OKE Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The relationship between astronomical phenomena and financial markets has long sparked curiosity, and our research delves into this entertaining intersection. Utilizing data from Astropy and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we examined the intriguing connection between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of ONEOK (OKE). Surprisingly, our analysis unveiled a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8940301 with a p-value less than 0.01, indicating a statistically significant relationship. These astronomical bodies seem to be exerting a seemingly celestial influence on the terrestrial realm of stock prices, presenting a celestial conundrum for financial analysts. Our findings add a lighthearted twist to the financial world, showcasing that perhaps the stars have a whimsical role in shaping market trends.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The relationship between celestial bodies and earthly affairs has intrigued scholars and laypersons alike for centuries. While the idea of the cosmos influencing human events often seems more suitable for fortune tellers and horoscope enthusiasts, the notion of a connection between astronomical phenomena and financial markets is typically met with skepticism. However, the sheer abundance of data and the human inclination to seek patterns has led researchers to investigate the possibility of such a correlation. In this study, we explore the surprising correlation between the distance separating the gas giants Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of ONEOK (OKE).
Astrophysicists have long marveled at the celestial dance of the planets, but the idea that the movements of these distant orbs could sway the movements of the stock market might seem like a concept from a science fiction novel rather than a rigorous empirical study. Nevertheless, our research aims to shed light on this curious connection and untangle the potential links between astronomical events and financial market behavior.
The stock price of ONEOK, a company deeply immersed in the energy sector, seems an unlikely candidate for a celestial influence. However, our analysis reveals a surprisingly robust correlation coefficient of 0.8940301 and a p-value less than 0.01, suggesting a statistically significant relationship. This unexpected statistical relationship prompts a reexamination of the traditional factors that influence stock prices and adds a whimsical dimension to the typically dour world of financial analysis.
Like the unpredictable nature of the cosmos itself, the discovery of a connection between the distant giants of our solar system and a single stock's price presents a jovial conundrum for analysts. Could it be that the celestial spheres, in all their enigmatic glory, are playfully toying with the whims of the financial markets? Our findings offer a lighthearted twist to the typically staid environment of financial analysis, demonstrating that perhaps there is more than meets the eye in the complex web of influences shaping market trends.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the relationship between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of ONEOK (OKE) during the period from 2002 to 2023 revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8940301, indicating a strong linear relationship. The coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.7992899 further demonstrates the substantial influence of the planetary distances on the stock price movement of ONEOK (OKE). Moreover, the p-value of less than 0.01 suggests that the observed correlation is statistically significant at the 1% level, providing empirical support for the connection between these seemingly disparate domains.
The scatterplot (Fig. 1) displayed a clear and compelling pattern, illustrating the close relationship between the distances of Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of ONEOK (OKE) over the two-decade period. The unmistakable alignment of data points on the scatterplot highlights the coherence of the relationship, leaving little room for astronomical error.
The unexpected strength of the association between astronomical distances and stock prices raises intriguing questions about the potential drivers of financial markets. Could it be that the movements of celestial bodies have effects that extend beyond the realms of astronomy and astrology? Our findings add a touch of cosmic curiosity to the otherwise mundane world of financial analysis, inviting further exploration of the influences that may shape market dynamics.
The robust correlation observed in this study presents a celestial conundrum for financial analysts and prompts a reevaluation of the traditional factors considered in stock price movements. While the humor of the universe may be inexplicable, the statistical relationship we uncovered speaks volumes about the curious patterns that can emerge from seemingly unrelated phenomena.

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Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, the findings of this research have brought a gleeful twist to the typically somber realm of financial analysis. The unexpectedly strong correlation between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of ONEOK (OKE) has certainly raised some celestial eyebrows. It seems that the celestial bodies are not content with merely spinning in their cosmic dance; they have extended their influence to the terrestrial proceedings of the stock market.

The statistically significant relationship between the planetary distances and stock price movements presents analysts with a cosmic riddle that challenges conventional wisdom. While financial analysts may be accustomed to examining market trends through the lens of economic indicators and company performance, our research suggests that perhaps they should cast their eyes to the heavens for a novel perspective. After all, who knew that the celestial spheres could wield such influence over the earthly realm of financial markets?

However, before the financial world rushes to add an "astrology" column to its reports, it must be noted that correlation does not imply causation. While the statistical connection between Neptune and Uranus's distance and ONEOK's stock price is robust, it may well be a cosmic coincidence. Yet, the whimsical nature of this correlation offers a lighthearted diversion from the traditional analytical framework and injects a dash of cosmic curiosity into the world of financial analysis.

In light of these findings, it seems that the universe may have a mischievous sense of humor, challenging our understanding of the forces at play in the market. Nevertheless, it must be asserted that further research in this celestial-terrestrial nexus is not warranted. The bounds of the earth and the bounds of the stars should, for the sake of our collective sanity, remain distinct.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Stellar Stock Surprises: Unveiling the Celestial Correlation Between Neptune and Uranus Distance and ONEOK's OKE Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

Journal of Galactic Finance

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Stellar Stock Surprises: Unveiling the Celestial Correlation Between Neptune and Uranus Distance and ONEOK's OKE Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Galactic Financial Astrology Society

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Stellar Stock Surprises: Unveiling the Celestial Correlation Between Neptune and Uranus Distance and ONEOK's OKE Stock Price with an abstract of The relationship between astronomical phenomena and financial markets has long sparked curiosity, and our research delves into this entertaining intersection. Utilizing data from Astropy and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we examined the intriguing connection between the distance separating Neptune and Uranus and the stock price of ONEOK (OKE). Surprisingly, our analysis unveiled a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8940301 with a p-value less than 0.01, indicating a statistically significant relationship. These astronomical bodies seem to be exerting a seemingly celestial influence on the terrestrial realm of stock prices, presenting a celestial conundrum for financial analysts. Our findings add a lighthearted twist to the financial world, showcasing that perhaps the stars have a whimsical role in shaping market trends.

ChatGPT:

Neptune, Uranus, distance, ONEOK, OKE, stock price, correlation, astronomical phenomena, financial markets, Astropy, LSEG Analytics, Refinitiv, celestial influence, market trends, correlation coefficient

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

The distance between Neptune and Uranus
Detailed data title: The average distance between Neptune and Uranus as measured on the first day of each month
Source: Caclculated using Astropy
Additional Info: ^{See full details} I wrote a Python script using Astropy to calculate the distance between the named planets on the first day of each month for every year.

See what else correlates with The distance between Neptune and Uranus

ONEOK's stock price (OKE)
Detailed data title: Opening price of ONEOK (OKE) on the first trading day of the year
Source: LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv)
Additional Info: ^{See full details} Via Microsoft Excel Stockhistory function

See what else correlates with ONEOK's stock price (OKE)

Correlation r = 0.8940301 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.7992899 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 79.9% of the change in the one variable (i.e., ONEOK's stock price (OKE)) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., The distance between Neptune and Uranus) over the 22 years from 2002 through 2023.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 2.07E-8.^Show 0.0000000206777494022907200000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.89 in 2.07E-6% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 48,361,163 random variables^Note You don't actually need 48 million variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 21 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 21 because we have two variables measured over a period of 22 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.76, 0.96 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
The distance between Neptune and Uranus (Planetary distance (AU))	12.3947	12.8119	13.2579	13.7275	14.218	14.727	15.2532	15.7925	16.3438	16.906	17.4791	18.0597	18.6476	19.2423	19.8443	20.4507	21.0616	21.6768	22.2973	22.9204	23.5465	24.1757
ONEOK's stock price (OKE) (Stock price)	7.87	8.43	9.7	12.48	11.76	18.98	19.56	12.79	19.65	24.44	38.52	37.94	54.41	49.9	24.66	58.14	53.76	53.05	75.92	39	58.96	65.64

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. ^Note Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([12.3947,12.8119,13.2579,13.7275,14.218,14.727,15.2532,15.7925,16.3438,16.906,17.4791,18.0597,18.6476,19.2423,19.8443,20.4507,21.0616,21.6768,22.2973,22.9204,23.5465,24.1757,])
array_2 = np.array([7.87,8.43,9.7,12.48,11.76,18.98,19.56,12.79,19.65,24.44,38.52,37.94,54.41,49.9,24.66,58.14,53.76,53.05,75.92,39,58.96,65.64,])
array_1_name = "The distance between Neptune and Uranus"
array_2_name = "ONEOK's stock price (OKE)"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only The distance between Neptune and Uranus
Line chart for only ONEOK's stock price (OKE)
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Stellar Stock Surprises: Unveiling the Celestial Correlation Between Neptune and Uranus Distance and ONEOK's OKE Stock Price

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Correlation ID: 2181 · Black Variable ID: 1967 · Red Variable ID: 1837


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