Spurious correlation #1,714 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is UFO sightings in New Mexico and the second variable is Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. The chart goes from 1979 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is UFO sightings in New Mexico and the second variable is Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. The chart goes from 1979 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

The UFOs were actually intergalactic beings hosting their own competitive eating contest, and they were using their advanced technology to teleport extra Nathan's hotdogs to New Mexico as part of a secret wager with the reigning champion.

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: [An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie] Generate an image of a wide, open desert landscape in New Mexico, with a vibrant crowd of diverse characters gathered in anticipation, watching the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion devouring hotdogs at lightning speed. The scene is illuminated by the warm glow of sunset, with the UFO hovering in the sky above, casting its bright, otherworldly lights over the surreal event. The surroundings are filled with a sense of wonder and awe, reminiscent of a magical Disney movie scene. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: UFO sightings in New Mexico and Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Glitch art Cybernetic art Concept art An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie Brutalism
ChatGPT: An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both UFO sightings in New Mexico and Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion together. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a desert landscape in New Mexico, a crowd gathers to watch the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion devouring hotdogs at an incredible speed, while in the sky above, a UFO hovers, its bright lights illuminating the scene below.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie ] and depicting this scene: In a desert landscape in New Mexico, a crowd gathers to watch the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion devouring hotdogs at an incredible speed, while in the sky above, a UFO hovers, its bright lights illuminating the scene below. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: [An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie] Generate an image of a wide, open desert landscape in New Mexico, with a vibrant crowd of diverse characters gathered in anticipation, watching the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion devouring hotdogs at lightning speed. The scene is illuminated by the warm glow of sunset, with the UFO hovering in the sky above, casting its bright, otherworldly lights over the surreal event. The surroundings are filled with a sense of wonder and awe, reminiscent of a magical Disney movie scene.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in UFO sightings in New Mexico caused Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion to increase.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

UFO Sightings and Hotdogs Biting: A Close Encounter of the Tasty Kind

The Journal of Extraterrestrial Edibles

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between UFO sightings in New Mexico and Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name a couple popular internet memes that are related to one of the topics.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
UFO Sightings and Hotdogs Biting: A Close Encounter of the Tasty Kind

[[ABSTRACT]]
The perennial question of whether there's a cosmic connection between UFO sightings in New Mexico and the consumption of hotdogs by champion eaters has perplexed mankind for eons. In this groundbreaking paper, we delve into the depths of data to shed light on this enigmatic relationship. Using information from the National UFO Reporting Center and the annals of the iconic Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition, we meticulously analyzed sighting reports and hotdog consumption patterns to uncover any potential correlation.

Surprisingly, our findings revealed a sizzling correlation coefficient of 0.8746612 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 from 1979 to 2021. This robust statistical link suggests that there might be more to those UFO sightings than meets the sky, and that the consumption of hotdogs by competitive eating champions could be entwined with celestial activity. Our study not only provides empirical evidence for this otherworldly connection but also serves as a reminder to keep our senses sharp, whether gazing at the stars or munching on a hotdog.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The intersection of ufology and gastronomy has long been a source of speculation, skepticism, and perhaps a touch of indigestion. In this paper, we embark on a journey to explore the potential link between UFO sightings in New Mexico and the consumption of hotdogs by the gluttonous champions of the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition. While the correlation may seem as unlikely as encountering a UFO while dining on a chili dog, our rigorous analysis aims to uncover any tantalizing connections that may have eluded previous terrestrial investigation.
As we delve into this cosmic culinary conundrum, it is essential to recognize the historical significance of both UFO sightings and the hotdog-eating spectacle. New Mexico, with its vast skies and enigmatic deserts, has been a hotbed of alleged extraterrestrial activity, ranging from Roswell's mysterious incident to numerous reported saucer sightings. Meanwhile, the storied tradition of the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest has captivated audiences with feats of gorging that rival any close encounter of the overindulgent kind.
The juxtaposition of these seemingly disparate phenomena may evoke a sense of absurdity, as if probing the cosmic mysteries could somehow lead us to unravel the secrets behind America's favorite tube-shaped meat product. However, as we proceed with our investigation, it is important to remain open-minded, as scientific inquiry often leads us down unexpected avenues – much like finding an entire solar system while searching for condiments in the fridge.
Before delving into the intricacies of our methodology and results, it is crucial to acknowledge the inherent skepticism surrounding such an unorthodox research question. UFO sightings have often been met with skepticism and ridicule, much like the sight of a grown adult devouring several dozen hotdogs in a matter of minutes. However, as the scientific community has embraced a more interdisciplinary approach, it is imperative that we entertain the possibility of finding profound connections in the most unlikely of places – be it in the skies above or in the starchy buns of competitive eating.
With this in mind, we embark on our exploration of the uncharted territory where alien visitations and competitive eating intersect. The extraordinary claims made by witnesses of close encounters need not be dismissed out of hand, just as the astonishing feats of hotdog consumption by champions demand thorough consideration. As we proceed, let us keep in mind the timeless words of Carl Sagan: "Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence, and perhaps a side of sauerkraut."
Our investigation aims to uphold the rigorous standards of scientific inquiry while embracing the inherent quirkiness of our subject matter. So, fasten your seatbelts, secure your condiments, and join us on this voyage as we seek to unveil the tantalizing mysteries of our universe, one hotdog at a time.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

In the quest to uncover the elusive connection between UFO sightings in New Mexico and the consumption of hotdogs by the legendary champions of Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition, researchers have navigated through a myriad of literature, ranging from the scholarly to the downright nutty (pun totally intended). Scholars such as Smith (2005), Doe (2010), and Jones (2017) have contributed to the discourse on UFO phenomena and gastronomic indulgence, albeit without delving into the peculiar nexus we seek to elucidate in this groundbreaking study.

Smith (2005) delves into the cultural impact of UFO sightings on modern society, providing valuable insights into the psychological implications of witnessing unidentified flying objects. Meanwhile, Doe's (2010) comprehensive analysis of competitive eating delves into the physiological limits of hotdog consumption, shedding light on the extraordinary feats achieved by contestants. Jones (2017), in a daring departure from conventional ufological studies, explores the cosmic implications of indulging in fast food, challenging readers to consider the gastronomic consequences of interstellar travel.

Moving away from academic works, non-fiction literature such as "UFOs: Myths, Conspiracies, and Realities" by John B. Alexander and "The Art of Eating Through the Cosmos" by Neil deGrasse Tyson has sparked fascination with the mysterious allure of UFOs and the culinary explorations of the cosmos. On a fictional front, the works of H.G. Wells, particularly "The War of the Worlds," have captured the imagination of readers with their portrayal of interplanetary visitors, while Haruki Murakami's novel "Kafka on the Shore" offers a surreal fusion of the metaphysical and the mundane, much like the conundrum we seek to disentangle.

In the realm of popular culture, internet memes such as the "Aliens" guy and the "Hotdog Eating Champion" website sensation have perpetuated the fascination with extraterrestrial phenomena and competitive eating, albeit in a lighthearted and often zany fashion. These cultural touchstones serve as a reminder that amidst the scholarly rigor, a sprinkle of levity can enliven even the most perplexing of research endeavors.

As our investigation ventures into uncharted territory, we pay homage to the diverse tapestry of literature that has paved the way for our exploration. With a nod to both the serious and the whimsical, we forge ahead in our quest to uncover the tantalizing mysteries that lie at the intersection of UFO sightings and the consumption of hotdogs, poised to leave an indelible mark on the annals of both ufology and epicurean pursuits.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between UFO sightings in New Mexico and Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National UFO Reporting Center and Wikipedia . You used data from 1979 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
UFO Sightings and Hotdogs Biting: A Close Encounter of the Tasty Kind

[[ABSTRACT]]
The perennial question of whether there's a cosmic connection between UFO sightings in New Mexico and the consumption of hotdogs by champion eaters has perplexed mankind for eons. In this groundbreaking paper, we delve into the depths of data to shed light on this enigmatic relationship. Using information from the National UFO Reporting Center and the annals of the iconic Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition, we meticulously analyzed sighting reports and hotdog consumption patterns to uncover any potential correlation.

Surprisingly, our findings revealed a sizzling correlation coefficient of 0.8746612 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 from 1979 to 2021. This robust statistical link suggests that there might be more to those UFO sightings than meets the sky, and that the consumption of hotdogs by competitive eating champions could be entwined with celestial activity. Our study not only provides empirical evidence for this otherworldly connection but also serves as a reminder to keep our senses sharp, whether gazing at the stars or munching on a hotdog.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The intersection of ufology and gastronomy has long been a source of speculation, skepticism, and perhaps a touch of indigestion. In this paper, we embark on a journey to explore the potential link between UFO sightings in New Mexico and the consumption of hotdogs by the gluttonous champions of the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition. While the correlation may seem as unlikely as encountering a UFO while dining on a chili dog, our rigorous analysis aims to uncover any tantalizing connections that may have eluded previous terrestrial investigation.
As we delve into this cosmic culinary conundrum, it is essential to recognize the historical significance of both UFO sightings and the hotdog-eating spectacle. New Mexico, with its vast skies and enigmatic deserts, has been a hotbed of alleged extraterrestrial activity, ranging from Roswell's mysterious incident to numerous reported saucer sightings. Meanwhile, the storied tradition of the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest has captivated audiences with feats of gorging that rival any close encounter of the overindulgent kind.
The juxtaposition of these seemingly disparate phenomena may evoke a sense of absurdity, as if probing the cosmic mysteries could somehow lead us to unravel the secrets behind America's favorite tube-shaped meat product. However, as we proceed with our investigation, it is important to remain open-minded, as scientific inquiry often leads us down unexpected avenues – much like finding an entire solar system while searching for condiments in the fridge.
Before delving into the intricacies of our methodology and results, it is crucial to acknowledge the inherent skepticism surrounding such an unorthodox research question. UFO sightings have often been met with skepticism and ridicule, much like the sight of a grown adult devouring several dozen hotdogs in a matter of minutes. However, as the scientific community has embraced a more interdisciplinary approach, it is imperative that we entertain the possibility of finding profound connections in the most unlikely of places – be it in the skies above or in the starchy buns of competitive eating.
With this in mind, we embark on our exploration of the uncharted territory where alien visitations and competitive eating intersect. The extraordinary claims made by witnesses of close encounters need not be dismissed out of hand, just as the astonishing feats of hotdog consumption by champions demand thorough consideration. As we proceed, let us keep in mind the timeless words of Carl Sagan: "Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence, and perhaps a side of sauerkraut."
Our investigation aims to uphold the rigorous standards of scientific inquiry while embracing the inherent quirkiness of our subject matter. So, fasten your seatbelts, secure your condiments, and join us on this voyage as we seek to unveil the tantalizing mysteries of our universe, one hotdog at a time.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To unravel the cosmic enigma of UFO sightings and hotdog consumption, our research team employed a rigorous yet whimsical approach, reminiscent of a UFO's erratic flight path. We combed through the annals of the National UFO Reporting Center and turned the pages of Wikipedia – the latter being a source of knowledge so vast, it might as well be intergalactic in scope. We then meticulously curated sighting reports and hotdog-eating records from 1979 to 2021, ensuring that no extraterrestrial stone or bun was left unturned in our quest for tantalizing connections.

The data collection process involved sifting through a plethora of eyewitness accounts of unidentified flying objects, often juxtaposed with bewildered exclamations such as "That's no blimp" or "Is that a weather balloon, or did someone put something in my hotdog?" Similarly, hotdog consumption data from the hallowed grounds of the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition demanded careful curation, as we navigated through records of heroic gobbling and stomach-stretching feats. It was a task as daunting as attempting to consume a hotdog with nothing but sheer willpower and a dash of ketchup.

With data in hand, we embarked on the perilous journey of statistical analysis, akin to navigating a celestial trajectory through star-studded skies. Our primary statistical tool, the Pearson correlation coefficient, became our guiding star in this cosmic odyssey, illuminating the potential relationship between UFO sightings and hotdog consumption. We also ventured into the realm of regression analysis, embracing the challenge of unveiling the potential causal link between these seemingly unrelated phenomena, much like uncovering the mysterious contents of a UFO's cargo hold.

The statistical significance of our findings was rigorously evaluated, employing p-values and confidence intervals as our trusty companions in this scientific pursuit. Every effort was made to ensure that our conclusions were not mere flashes in the pan, akin to a UFO's fleeting appearance in the night sky. Instead, we sought to unearth robust evidence that would hold up under the intense scrutiny of skeptics and believers alike, much like a hotdog enduring the critical assessment of food connoisseurs and competitive eaters.

In addition to statistical analysis, we conducted thematic content analysis of eyewitness reports, delving into the peculiar narratives of encounters with otherworldly crafts and savory delights. This qualitative approach allowed us to extract nuanced insights, akin to unraveling the layers of a particularly complex hotdog topping, and shed light on the subjective experiences underlying UFO sightings and hotdog indulgence.

Lastly, in an attempt to incorporate a multidisciplinary perspective, we toyed with the idea of consulting astrologers, competitive eaters, and even a UFO enthusiast or two. However, after a few comical missteps involving confusion between astrology and astronomy, and a skeptical competitive eater questioning the "astrological" significance of hotdog buns, we decided to stick to the more traditional methods of data analysis.

In summary, our methodology mirrored the zigzagging flight path of a UFO, navigating through a galaxy of data with scientific rigor and a sprinkling of whimsy. Our multifaceted approach aimed to capture the essence of both cosmic encounters and gastronomic feats, paying homage to the diversity of human experience and the tantalizing mysteries that lie beyond the stars and between the bread slices.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between UFO sightings in New Mexico and Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National UFO Reporting Center and Wikipedia .

For the time period 1979 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.8746612, r-squared of 0.7650321, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
UFO Sightings and Hotdogs Biting: A Close Encounter of the Tasty Kind

[[ABSTRACT]]
The perennial question of whether there's a cosmic connection between UFO sightings in New Mexico and the consumption of hotdogs by champion eaters has perplexed mankind for eons. In this groundbreaking paper, we delve into the depths of data to shed light on this enigmatic relationship. Using information from the National UFO Reporting Center and the annals of the iconic Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition, we meticulously analyzed sighting reports and hotdog consumption patterns to uncover any potential correlation.

Surprisingly, our findings revealed a sizzling correlation coefficient of 0.8746612 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 from 1979 to 2021. This robust statistical link suggests that there might be more to those UFO sightings than meets the sky, and that the consumption of hotdogs by competitive eating champions could be entwined with celestial activity. Our study not only provides empirical evidence for this otherworldly connection but also serves as a reminder to keep our senses sharp, whether gazing at the stars or munching on a hotdog.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The intersection of ufology and gastronomy has long been a source of speculation, skepticism, and perhaps a touch of indigestion. In this paper, we embark on a journey to explore the potential link between UFO sightings in New Mexico and the consumption of hotdogs by the gluttonous champions of the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition. While the correlation may seem as unlikely as encountering a UFO while dining on a chili dog, our rigorous analysis aims to uncover any tantalizing connections that may have eluded previous terrestrial investigation.
As we delve into this cosmic culinary conundrum, it is essential to recognize the historical significance of both UFO sightings and the hotdog-eating spectacle. New Mexico, with its vast skies and enigmatic deserts, has been a hotbed of alleged extraterrestrial activity, ranging from Roswell's mysterious incident to numerous reported saucer sightings. Meanwhile, the storied tradition of the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest has captivated audiences with feats of gorging that rival any close encounter of the overindulgent kind.
The juxtaposition of these seemingly disparate phenomena may evoke a sense of absurdity, as if probing the cosmic mysteries could somehow lead us to unravel the secrets behind America's favorite tube-shaped meat product. However, as we proceed with our investigation, it is important to remain open-minded, as scientific inquiry often leads us down unexpected avenues – much like finding an entire solar system while searching for condiments in the fridge.
Before delving into the intricacies of our methodology and results, it is crucial to acknowledge the inherent skepticism surrounding such an unorthodox research question. UFO sightings have often been met with skepticism and ridicule, much like the sight of a grown adult devouring several dozen hotdogs in a matter of minutes. However, as the scientific community has embraced a more interdisciplinary approach, it is imperative that we entertain the possibility of finding profound connections in the most unlikely of places – be it in the skies above or in the starchy buns of competitive eating.
With this in mind, we embark on our exploration of the uncharted territory where alien visitations and competitive eating intersect. The extraordinary claims made by witnesses of close encounters need not be dismissed out of hand, just as the astonishing feats of hotdog consumption by champions demand thorough consideration. As we proceed, let us keep in mind the timeless words of Carl Sagan: "Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence, and perhaps a side of sauerkraut."
Our investigation aims to uphold the rigorous standards of scientific inquiry while embracing the inherent quirkiness of our subject matter. So, fasten your seatbelts, secure your condiments, and join us on this voyage as we seek to unveil the tantalizing mysteries of our universe, one hotdog at a time.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

Our analysis of the data from the National UFO Reporting Center and the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition has uncovered a correlation coefficient of 0.8746612, with an r-squared value of 0.7650321 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the time period spanning 1979 to 2021.

Remarkably, our findings demonstrate a robust and statistically significant relationship between UFO sightings in New Mexico and the consumption of hotdogs by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champions. As seen in Fig. 1, our scatterplot graphically illustrates the strong positive correlation between these seemingly unrelated phenomena.

It appears that the celestial configurations in New Mexico may have more terrestrial implications than previously contemplated, and it seems that champion hotdog eaters have been "reaching for the stars," one wiener at a time.

The strength of this correlation prompts us to consider the possibility that there may be a cosmic force compelling competitive eaters to aggressively pursue astronomical quantities of hotdogs. Could it be that UFO sightings serve as an otherworldly inspiration for these voracious individuals, leading them to push the boundaries of gastronomic achievement in search of transcendental sustenance?

In any case, these results invite further investigation into the cosmic culinary connections that link the extraterrestrial and the terrestrial, the celestial and the savory. Our study not only sheds light on this unexpected relationship but also opens the door to a new realm of research that seeks to untangle the cosmic web of gastronomic influences.

While our findings may initially appear as outlandish as a UFO sighting at a hotdog stand, the statistical evidence speaks for itself. These results prompt a reevaluation of the interconnectedness of our universe, reminding us that even in the most unlikely combinations – whether in the cosmos above or in the condiment-laden realm of competitive eating – there may be hidden patterns waiting to be uncovered.

Our exploration into this cosmic culinary conundrum not only provides empirical support for the link between UFO sightings and hotdog consumption but also underscores the importance of maintaining an open mind in scientific inquiry. As we continue to probe the mysteries of the universe, both grand and gastronomic, let us approach the enigmatic with curiosity and perhaps a side of relish.

Stay tuned for future research where we delve further into the celestial buffet of influences on human behavior and dietary consumption. The cosmic journey continues, and we invite fellow scholars to join us in this quest for knowledge, one cosmic hotdog at a time.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between UFO sightings in New Mexico and Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
UFO Sightings and Hotdogs Biting: A Close Encounter of the Tasty Kind

[[ABSTRACT]]
The perennial question of whether there's a cosmic connection between UFO sightings in New Mexico and the consumption of hotdogs by champion eaters has perplexed mankind for eons. In this groundbreaking paper, we delve into the depths of data to shed light on this enigmatic relationship. Using information from the National UFO Reporting Center and the annals of the iconic Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition, we meticulously analyzed sighting reports and hotdog consumption patterns to uncover any potential correlation.

Surprisingly, our findings revealed a sizzling correlation coefficient of 0.8746612 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 from 1979 to 2021. This robust statistical link suggests that there might be more to those UFO sightings than meets the sky, and that the consumption of hotdogs by competitive eating champions could be entwined with celestial activity. Our study not only provides empirical evidence for this otherworldly connection but also serves as a reminder to keep our senses sharp, whether gazing at the stars or munching on a hotdog.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In the quest to uncover the elusive connection between UFO sightings in New Mexico and the consumption of hotdogs by the legendary champions of Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition, researchers have navigated through a myriad of literature, ranging from the scholarly to the downright nutty (pun totally intended). Scholars such as Smith (2005), Doe (2010), and Jones (2017) have contributed to the discourse on UFO phenomena and gastronomic indulgence, albeit without delving into the peculiar nexus we seek to elucidate in this groundbreaking study.
Smith (2005) delves into the cultural impact of UFO sightings on modern society, providing valuable insights into the psychological implications of witnessing unidentified flying objects. Meanwhile, Doe's (2010) comprehensive analysis of competitive eating delves into the physiological limits of hotdog consumption, shedding light on the extraordinary feats achieved by contestants. Jones (2017), in a daring departure from conventional ufological studies, explores the cosmic implications of indulging in fast food, challenging readers to consider the gastronomic consequences of interstellar travel.
Moving away from academic works, non-fiction literature such as "UFOs: Myths, Conspiracies, and Realities" by John B. Alexander and "The Art of Eating Through the Cosmos" by Neil deGrasse Tyson has sparked fascination with the mysterious allure of UFOs and the culinary explorations of the cosmos. On a fictional front, the works of H.G. Wells, particularly "The War of the Worlds," have captured the imagination of readers with their portrayal of interplanetary visitors, while Haruki Murakami's novel "Kafka on the Shore" offers a surreal fusion of the metaphysical and the mundane, much like the conundrum we seek to disentangle.
In the realm of popular culture, internet memes such as the "Aliens" guy and the "Hotdog Eating Champion" website sensation have perpetuated the fascination with extraterrestrial phenomena and competitive eating, albeit in a lighthearted and often zany fashion. These cultural touchstones serve as a reminder that amidst the scholarly rigor, a sprinkle of levity can enliven even the most perplexing of research endeavors.
As our investigation ventures into uncharted territory, we pay homage to the diverse tapestry of literature that has paved the way for our exploration. With a nod to both the serious and the whimsical, we forge ahead in our quest to uncover the tantalizing mysteries that lie at the intersection of UFO sightings and the consumption of hotdogs, poised to leave an indelible mark on the annals of both ufology and epicurean pursuits.

[[RESULTS]]
Our analysis of the data from the National UFO Reporting Center and the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition has uncovered a correlation coefficient of 0.8746612, with an r-squared value of 0.7650321 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the time period spanning 1979 to 2021.
Remarkably, our findings demonstrate a robust and statistically significant relationship between UFO sightings in New Mexico and the consumption of hotdogs by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champions. As seen in Fig. 1, our scatterplot graphically illustrates the strong positive correlation between these seemingly unrelated phenomena.
It appears that the celestial configurations in New Mexico may have more terrestrial implications than previously contemplated, and it seems that champion hotdog eaters have been "reaching for the stars," one wiener at a time.
The strength of this correlation prompts us to consider the possibility that there may be a cosmic force compelling competitive eaters to aggressively pursue astronomical quantities of hotdogs. Could it be that UFO sightings serve as an otherworldly inspiration for these voracious individuals, leading them to push the boundaries of gastronomic achievement in search of transcendental sustenance?
In any case, these results invite further investigation into the cosmic culinary connections that link the extraterrestrial and the terrestrial, the celestial and the savory. Our study not only sheds light on this unexpected relationship but also opens the door to a new realm of research that seeks to untangle the cosmic web of gastronomic influences.
While our findings may initially appear as outlandish as a UFO sighting at a hotdog stand, the statistical evidence speaks for itself. These results prompt a reevaluation of the interconnectedness of our universe, reminding us that even in the most unlikely combinations – whether in the cosmos above or in the condiment-laden realm of competitive eating – there may be hidden patterns waiting to be uncovered.
Our exploration into this cosmic culinary conundrum not only provides empirical support for the link between UFO sightings and hotdog consumption but also underscores the importance of maintaining an open mind in scientific inquiry. As we continue to probe the mysteries of the universe, both grand and gastronomic, let us approach the enigmatic with curiosity and perhaps a side of relish.
Stay tuned for future research where we delve further into the celestial buffet of influences on human behavior and dietary consumption. The cosmic journey continues, and we invite fellow scholars to join us in this quest for knowledge, one cosmic hotdog at a time.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The results of our study provide compelling evidence to support the tantalizing relationship between UFO sightings in New Mexico and the consumption of hotdogs by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champions. While the initial proposition of such a cosmic connection may seem as improbable as finding a UFO cruising through a hotdog-themed galaxy, our robust statistical findings underscore the need to seriously consider the cosmic influence on earthly indulgences.

Drawing upon the literature review, particularly the remarkably prescient work of Jones (2017), which delved into the cosmic implications of indulging in fast food, and the whimsical yet illuminating exploration of popular culture memes, we find ourselves contemplating the interstellar implications of terrestrial gastronomy with a renewed sense of intrigue. It appears that the cosmic dance of UFO sightings and hotdog consumption is not merely a flight of fancy but a tangible phenomenon worthy of rigorous investigation.

As we navigate through the cosmic hotdog galaxy, we cannot discount the psychological and physiological dimensions revealed in prior research. The cultural impact of UFO sightings, as elucidated by Smith (2005), and the physiological limits of hotdog consumption, as explored by Doe (2010), might serve as vital touchstones for understanding the intricate interplay between celestial visitations and gustatory feats. It seems that the allure of the unknown and the capacity to push the boundaries of human capabilities extend beyond the realms of ufology and competitive eating, converging in a delectable cosmic ballet.

The statistical revelation of a strong positive correlation between UFO sightings and hotdog consumption prompts us to consider the deeper implications of this unexpected connection. Could it be that the cosmic dance of UFO sightings acts as a celestial symphony, subtly influencing the insatiable appetites of competitive eaters across the globe? Might there exist a cosmic recipe book, hidden among the stars, inspiring champions to reach for gastronomic greatness with celestial fervor?

In the pursuit of scientific understanding, we are compelled to navigate uncharted territories, whether within the bounds of known statistical relationships or beyond the cosmic veil that shrouds the origins of our quirky correlations. With each statistical anomaly and every compelling correlation, we glean a glimpse of the interconnectedness of our universe, inviting us to approach our celestial culinary conundrum with both earnest inquiry and a dash of relish.

This study serves as a launchpad for future cosmic culinary investigations, urging fellow scholars to join us in unraveling the celestial buffet of influences on human behavior and dietary consumption. As we gorge on the enigmatic mysteries of the universe, let us not forget to savor the surprising connections that tantalize our collective intellectual palate. The quirky confluence of UFO sightings and hotdog champions may well be the tip of the cosmic iceberg, and we eagerly anticipate the unfolding saga of cosmically inspired culinary pursuits.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between UFO sightings in New Mexico and Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
UFO Sightings and Hotdogs Biting: A Close Encounter of the Tasty Kind

[[ABSTRACT]]
The perennial question of whether there's a cosmic connection between UFO sightings in New Mexico and the consumption of hotdogs by champion eaters has perplexed mankind for eons. In this groundbreaking paper, we delve into the depths of data to shed light on this enigmatic relationship. Using information from the National UFO Reporting Center and the annals of the iconic Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition, we meticulously analyzed sighting reports and hotdog consumption patterns to uncover any potential correlation.

Surprisingly, our findings revealed a sizzling correlation coefficient of 0.8746612 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 from 1979 to 2021. This robust statistical link suggests that there might be more to those UFO sightings than meets the sky, and that the consumption of hotdogs by competitive eating champions could be entwined with celestial activity. Our study not only provides empirical evidence for this otherworldly connection but also serves as a reminder to keep our senses sharp, whether gazing at the stars or munching on a hotdog.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The intersection of ufology and gastronomy has long been a source of speculation, skepticism, and perhaps a touch of indigestion. In this paper, we embark on a journey to explore the potential link between UFO sightings in New Mexico and the consumption of hotdogs by the gluttonous champions of the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition. While the correlation may seem as unlikely as encountering a UFO while dining on a chili dog, our rigorous analysis aims to uncover any tantalizing connections that may have eluded previous terrestrial investigation.
As we delve into this cosmic culinary conundrum, it is essential to recognize the historical significance of both UFO sightings and the hotdog-eating spectacle. New Mexico, with its vast skies and enigmatic deserts, has been a hotbed of alleged extraterrestrial activity, ranging from Roswell's mysterious incident to numerous reported saucer sightings. Meanwhile, the storied tradition of the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest has captivated audiences with feats of gorging that rival any close encounter of the overindulgent kind.
The juxtaposition of these seemingly disparate phenomena may evoke a sense of absurdity, as if probing the cosmic mysteries could somehow lead us to unravel the secrets behind America's favorite tube-shaped meat product. However, as we proceed with our investigation, it is important to remain open-minded, as scientific inquiry often leads us down unexpected avenues – much like finding an entire solar system while searching for condiments in the fridge.
Before delving into the intricacies of our methodology and results, it is crucial to acknowledge the inherent skepticism surrounding such an unorthodox research question. UFO sightings have often been met with skepticism and ridicule, much like the sight of a grown adult devouring several dozen hotdogs in a matter of minutes. However, as the scientific community has embraced a more interdisciplinary approach, it is imperative that we entertain the possibility of finding profound connections in the most unlikely of places – be it in the skies above or in the starchy buns of competitive eating.
With this in mind, we embark on our exploration of the uncharted territory where alien visitations and competitive eating intersect. The extraordinary claims made by witnesses of close encounters need not be dismissed out of hand, just as the astonishing feats of hotdog consumption by champions demand thorough consideration. As we proceed, let us keep in mind the timeless words of Carl Sagan: "Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence, and perhaps a side of sauerkraut."
Our investigation aims to uphold the rigorous standards of scientific inquiry while embracing the inherent quirkiness of our subject matter. So, fasten your seatbelts, secure your condiments, and join us on this voyage as we seek to unveil the tantalizing mysteries of our universe, one hotdog at a time.

[[RESULTS]]
Our analysis of the data from the National UFO Reporting Center and the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition has uncovered a correlation coefficient of 0.8746612, with an r-squared value of 0.7650321 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the time period spanning 1979 to 2021.
Remarkably, our findings demonstrate a robust and statistically significant relationship between UFO sightings in New Mexico and the consumption of hotdogs by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champions. As seen in Fig. 1, our scatterplot graphically illustrates the strong positive correlation between these seemingly unrelated phenomena.
It appears that the celestial configurations in New Mexico may have more terrestrial implications than previously contemplated, and it seems that champion hotdog eaters have been "reaching for the stars," one wiener at a time.
The strength of this correlation prompts us to consider the possibility that there may be a cosmic force compelling competitive eaters to aggressively pursue astronomical quantities of hotdogs. Could it be that UFO sightings serve as an otherworldly inspiration for these voracious individuals, leading them to push the boundaries of gastronomic achievement in search of transcendental sustenance?
In any case, these results invite further investigation into the cosmic culinary connections that link the extraterrestrial and the terrestrial, the celestial and the savory. Our study not only sheds light on this unexpected relationship but also opens the door to a new realm of research that seeks to untangle the cosmic web of gastronomic influences.
While our findings may initially appear as outlandish as a UFO sighting at a hotdog stand, the statistical evidence speaks for itself. These results prompt a reevaluation of the interconnectedness of our universe, reminding us that even in the most unlikely combinations – whether in the cosmos above or in the condiment-laden realm of competitive eating – there may be hidden patterns waiting to be uncovered.
Our exploration into this cosmic culinary conundrum not only provides empirical support for the link between UFO sightings and hotdog consumption but also underscores the importance of maintaining an open mind in scientific inquiry. As we continue to probe the mysteries of the universe, both grand and gastronomic, let us approach the enigmatic with curiosity and perhaps a side of relish.
Stay tuned for future research where we delve further into the celestial buffet of influences on human behavior and dietary consumption. The cosmic journey continues, and we invite fellow scholars to join us in this quest for knowledge, one cosmic hotdog at a time.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

As we wrap up our gastronomical expedition through the cosmos, it's clear that the link between UFO sightings in New Mexico and hotdog consumption by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champions is no mere flight of fancy. Our findings have boldly gone where no statistical analysis has gone before, revealing a robust correlation that's as undeniable as the existence of relish on a well-dressed hotdog.

With a correlation coefficient of 0.8746612, our study demonstrates a stronger bond between celestial activity and competitive eating than between a bun and its sausage. The statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 further cements the cosmic connection, proving that this is more than just a "fringe" theory.

So, where does this leave us? Well, it's safe to say that the skies above New Mexico have more influence on competitive eating than we ever dared to imagine. And who knew that UFOs might serve as secret motivators for those seeking gastronomic glory? It seems that even in the vast expanse of the universe, there's always room for a good old-fashioned hotdog-eating contest.

But as we reach the end of this peculiar cosmic hotdog journey, it's time to pause and reflect. The evidence has spoken, and it's clear that there's a cosmic culinary force at play, intertwining the heavens and the hotdog stand in ways we never thought possible. And as much as we'd like to continue unraveling the mysteries of extraterrestrial influence on competitive eating, it's safe to say that this is one conundrum we can relish without further investigation.

In conclusion, our study not only provides solid evidence for this unlikely connection but also serves as a testament to the endless surprises that the universe has in store for us. So, with mustard in one hand and binoculars in the other, let's bid adieu to this peculiar yet tantalizing exploration of the cosmic and the culinary. And as for future research in this area? Well, it's safe to say that this type of study is truly "out of this world," and no further probing is needed.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited UFO Sightings and Hotdogs Biting: A Close Encounter of the Tasty Kind. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Extraterrestrial Edibles

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited UFO Sightings and Hotdogs Biting: A Close Encounter of the Tasty Kind. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Extraterrestrial Cuisine Research Society

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled UFO Sightings and Hotdogs Biting: A Close Encounter of the Tasty Kind with an abstract of The perennial question of whether there's a cosmic connection between UFO sightings in New Mexico and the consumption of hotdogs by champion eaters has perplexed mankind for eons. In this groundbreaking paper, we delve into the depths of data to shed light on this enigmatic relationship. Using information from the National UFO Reporting Center and the annals of the iconic Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition, we meticulously analyzed sighting reports and hotdog consumption patterns to uncover any potential correlation.
Surprisingly, our findings revealed a sizzling correlation coefficient of 0.8746612 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 from 1979 to 2021. This robust statistical link suggests that there might be more to those UFO sightings than meets the sky, and that the consumption of hotdogs by competitive eating champions could be entwined with celestial activity. Our study not only provides empirical evidence for this otherworldly connection but also serves as a reminder to keep our senses sharp, whether gazing at the stars or munching on a hotdog.

ChatGPT:

UFO sightings, New Mexico, hotdog consumption, champion eaters, National UFO Reporting Center, Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition, correlation coefficient, p-value, statistical analysis

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

UFO sightings in New Mexico
Detailed data title: UFO sightings reported in New Mexico
Source: National UFO Reporting Center
See what else correlates with UFO sightings in New Mexico

Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion
Detailed data title: Hotdog Consumption by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion
Source: Wikipedia
See what else correlates with Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion

Correlation r = 0.8746612 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.7650321 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 76.5% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., UFO sightings in New Mexico) over the 43 years from 1979 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 1.8E-14.^Show 0.0000000000000179342415303961
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.87 in 1.8E-12% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 55,759,257,970,578 random variables^Note You don't actually need 55 trillion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 42 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 42 because we have two variables measured over a period of 43 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.78, 0.93 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	1979	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
UFO sightings in New Mexico (UFO sightings)	3	1	3	1	2	3	1	2	2	7	3	3	8	3	5	9	6	8	21	25	29	33	28	41	41	37	31	59	48	54	48	36	35	66	81	109	68	75	78	57	82	75	28
Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion (Hotdogs eaten)	9	9.5	11	11	10.5	9.5	11.75	15.5	13.5	10	15.5	16	21.5	19	17	20	19.5	22.25	24.5	19	20.25	25	50	50.5	44.5	53.33	49	53.75	66	59	68	54	62	68	69	61	62	70	72	74	71	75	76

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Outlandish outliers: There are "outliers" in this data.^Note In concept, "outlier" just means "way different than the rest of your dataset." When calculating a correlation like this, they are particularly impactful because a single outlier can substantially increase your correlation.

For the purposes of this project, I counted a point as an outlier if it the residual was two standard deviations from the mean.

(This bullet point only shows up in the details page on charts that do, in fact, have outliers.)
They stand out on the scatterplot above: notice the dots that are far away from any other dots. I intentionally mishandeled outliers, which makes the correlation look extra strong.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([3,1,3,1,2,3,1,2,2,7,3,3,8,3,5,9,6,8,21,25,29,33,28,41,41,37,31,59,48,54,48,36,35,66,81,109,68,75,78,57,82,75,28,])
array_2 = np.array([9,9.5,11,11,10.5,9.5,11.75,15.5,13.5,10,15.5,16,21.5,19,17,20,19.5,22.25,24.5,19,20.25,25,50,50.5,44.5,53.33,49,53.75,66,59,68,54,62,68,69,61,62,70,72,74,71,75,76,])
array_1_name = "UFO sightings in New Mexico"
array_2_name = "Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only UFO sightings in New Mexico
Line chart for only Hotdogs consumed by Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Competition Champion
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: UFO Sightings and Hotdogs Biting: A Close Encounter of the Tasty Kind

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Correlation ID: 1714 · Black Variable ID: 1175 · Red Variable ID: 500


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