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Spurious correlation #1,569 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air pollution in Longview, Washington and the second variable is Google searches for 'Baroque Obama'.  The chart goes from 2004 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

As the air cleared, it seems the desire for a more refined presidential period also dissipated. People were no longer Baching up the wrong tree, and instead of searching for Baroque Obama, they decided to handle things more Haydn-seek with a classical attitude. It appears that when the skies are no longer filled with smog, neither are the search engines with 'Baroque Obama' queries. Who knew that cleaner air could lead to a fugue state of mind? It's as if Longview said, "Let's clear the air, and end this strange Requiem for a presidency that never was."

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image of a park in Longview, Washington on a smoggy day, with people walking around and using their phones to search 'Baroque Obama' on Google. The scene should have a futuristic touch, with modern clothing and a sense of technological advancement. The smog and futuristic elements such as sleek, minimalist designs can be noticeable in the architecture and technology featured in the image. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Less than ideal air quality in Longview, Washington and Google searches for 'Baroque Obama'. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Minimalism Cute cartoon Futuristic Scalar art Symbolism
ChatGPT: Futuristic

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Less than ideal air quality in Longview, Washington and Google searches for 'Baroque Obama' together. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: A smoggy day in Longview, Washington as people search 'Baroque Obama' on Google using their phones while walking in a park.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Futuristic ] and depicting this scene: A smoggy day in Longview, Washington as people search 'Baroque Obama' on Google using their phones while walking in a park. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image of a park in Longview, Washington on a smoggy day, with people walking around and using their phones to search 'Baroque Obama' on Google. The scene should have a futuristic touch, with modern clothing and a sense of technological advancement. The smog and futuristic elements such as sleek, minimalist designs can be noticeable in the architecture and technology featured in the image.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how a decrease in Air pollution in Longview, Washington caused Baroque Obama (Google searches for 'Baroque Obama') to decrease. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Baroque Obama: A Polluted Connection Between Air Quality and Google Searches in Longview, Washington

The Journal of Atmospheric Absurdities

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Longview, Washington and Google searches for 'Baroque Obama'. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Include a pun in the title.

Your research team used data from Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.7520469 and p < 0.01 for 2004 to 2023.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
"Baroque Obama: A Polluted Connection Between Air Quality and Google Searches in Longview, Washington"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we set out to unravel the enigmatic relationship between air pollution in Longview, Washington, and the peculiar Google searches for "Baroque Obama." While the connection may seem as whimsical as a baroque music fan at a political rally, our findings reveal an unexpected correlation that transcends the realms of air quality and internet searches. Leveraging data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, our research team identified a striking correlation coefficient of 0.7520469 with a p-value less than 0.01, spanning the years 2004 to 2023. As we delve into the implications of our findings, we invite readers to join us on a symphonic journey through the harmonious, albeit peculiar, association between air pollution and the quest for the elusive "Baroque Obama." With these results in hand, we may just have uncovered a new aria in the grand opera of interdisciplinary research, leaving us all to ponder, "Is the air quality in Longview, Washington playing a baroque concerto with Google searches, or is it merely a serendipitous duet in the digital symphony of inexplicable correlations?"


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Longview, Washington and Google searches for 'Baroque Obama'. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Baroque Obama: A Polluted Connection Between Air Quality and Google Searches in Longview, Washington"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we set out to unravel the enigmatic relationship between air pollution in Longview, Washington, and the peculiar Google searches for "Baroque Obama." While the connection may seem as whimsical as a baroque music fan at a political rally, our findings reveal an unexpected correlation that transcends the realms of air quality and internet searches. Leveraging data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, our research team identified a striking correlation coefficient of 0.7520469 with a p-value less than 0.01, spanning the years 2004 to 2023. As we delve into the implications of our findings, we invite readers to join us on a symphonic journey through the harmonious, albeit peculiar, association between air pollution and the quest for the elusive "Baroque Obama." With these results in hand, we may just have uncovered a new aria in the grand opera of interdisciplinary research, leaving us all to ponder, "Is the air quality in Longview, Washington playing a baroque concerto with Google searches, or is it merely a serendipitous duet in the digital symphony of inexplicable correlations?"

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

The interplay between environmental factors and human behavior has long been a subject of fascination and inquiry. In our modern era of interconnectedness and information overload, the digital landscape provides a unique vantage point for observing the quirks and curiosities of human curiosity. One such enigma that caught our attention is the correlation between air pollution in Longview, Washington, and the perplexing surge in Google searches for "Baroque Obama."

This unexpected connection may strike some as improbable as a trombone solo in a string quartet, but our investigation delves into the veritable symphony of data to unravel this mystery. As we embark on this academic symposium of sorts, we invite our readers to join us in exploring the delightful and, dare we say, harmonious fusion of air quality and internet searches.

As the curtain rises on our examination, it is worth noting that the city of Longview, Washington, presents an intriguing backdrop for our study. Nestled amidst the majestic forests of the Pacific Northwest, Longview offers a picturesque setting that belies the complexities of urban and industrial dynamics. It is within this landscape that we observe the interplay of atmospheric compositions and digital musings—where the ethereal nomad known as "Baroque Obama" takes center stage in our narrative.

Indeed, the intersection of air pollution and internet activity may seem as bewildering as a minuet at a mosh pit, but rest assured, our inquiry is grounded in robust statistical analyses and rigorous methodologies. Through an exploration of environmental data from the venerable Environmental Protection Agency and the virtual trails of Google searches, we have uncovered a correlation that would make even the most seasoned virtuoso nod in appreciation.

In the following sections of this paper, we will conduct a thorough exposition of our findings, elucidating the nuances of this unexpected correlation and delving into its potential implications. While our study may evoke a chuckle or two at the outset, we assure our esteemed readers that our analysis adheres to the highest standards of scholarly inquiry, albeit with a dash of whimsy befitting the subject at hand.

So, join us as we embark on this curious journey through the realms of air quality, internet curiosities, and the elusive "Baroque Obama." Our findings promise to deliver not just a crescendo of academic insight, but perhaps a hum-worthy melody that leaves us contemplating the symphonic wonders of interdisciplinary research. After all, in the grand opera of scientific exploration, who's to say we can't have a little fun with our data?


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Longview, Washington and Google searches for 'Baroque Obama'. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name some movies that you watched that are tangentially related to the topic.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Baroque Obama: A Polluted Connection Between Air Quality and Google Searches in Longview, Washington"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we set out to unravel the enigmatic relationship between air pollution in Longview, Washington, and the peculiar Google searches for "Baroque Obama." While the connection may seem as whimsical as a baroque music fan at a political rally, our findings reveal an unexpected correlation that transcends the realms of air quality and internet searches. Leveraging data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, our research team identified a striking correlation coefficient of 0.7520469 with a p-value less than 0.01, spanning the years 2004 to 2023. As we delve into the implications of our findings, we invite readers to join us on a symphonic journey through the harmonious, albeit peculiar, association between air pollution and the quest for the elusive "Baroque Obama." With these results in hand, we may just have uncovered a new aria in the grand opera of interdisciplinary research, leaving us all to ponder, "Is the air quality in Longview, Washington playing a baroque concerto with Google searches, or is it merely a serendipitous duet in the digital symphony of inexplicable correlations?"

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The interplay between environmental factors and human behavior has long been a subject of fascination and inquiry. In our modern era of interconnectedness and information overload, the digital landscape provides a unique vantage point for observing the quirks and curiosities of human curiosity. One such enigma that caught our attention is the correlation between air pollution in Longview, Washington, and the perplexing surge in Google searches for "Baroque Obama."
This unexpected connection may strike some as improbable as a trombone solo in a string quartet, but our investigation delves into the veritable symphony of data to unravel this mystery. As we embark on this academic symposium of sorts, we invite our readers to join us in exploring the delightful and, dare we say, harmonious fusion of air quality and internet searches.
As the curtain rises on our examination, it is worth noting that the city of Longview, Washington, presents an intriguing backdrop for our study. Nestled amidst the majestic forests of the Pacific Northwest, Longview offers a picturesque setting that belies the complexities of urban and industrial dynamics. It is within this landscape that we observe the interplay of atmospheric compositions and digital musings—where the ethereal nomad known as "Baroque Obama" takes center stage in our narrative.
Indeed, the intersection of air pollution and internet activity may seem as bewildering as a minuet at a mosh pit, but rest assured, our inquiry is grounded in robust statistical analyses and rigorous methodologies. Through an exploration of environmental data from the venerable Environmental Protection Agency and the virtual trails of Google searches, we have uncovered a correlation that would make even the most seasoned virtuoso nod in appreciation.
In the following sections of this paper, we will conduct a thorough exposition of our findings, elucidating the nuances of this unexpected correlation and delving into its potential implications. While our study may evoke a chuckle or two at the outset, we assure our esteemed readers that our analysis adheres to the highest standards of scholarly inquiry, albeit with a dash of whimsy befitting the subject at hand.
So, join us as we embark on this curious journey through the realms of air quality, internet curiosities, and the elusive "Baroque Obama." Our findings promise to deliver not just a crescendo of academic insight, but perhaps a hum-worthy melody that leaves us contemplating the symphonic wonders of interdisciplinary research. After all, in the grand opera of scientific exploration, who's to say we can't have a little fun with our data?

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The connection between air pollution and internet search behavior may appear as incongruous as a kazoo solo at a classical philharmonic orchestra, yet the academic landscape has seen a crescendo of interest in exploring such correlations. Smith et al., in their seminal work "Airborne Alchemy: Unraveling the Mysteries of Atmospheric Interactions," propound the profound impact of air quality on human cognitive processes. Meanwhile, Doe's comprehensive analysis in "Cyber Curiosities: Navigating the Digital Labyrinths of Search Queries" sheds light on the intricate patterns of online explorations, raising questions about the influence of environmental factors on such queries.

However, as we wade deeper into the domain of peculiar correlations, it is imperative to acknowledge the presence of unexpected bedfellows in our inquiry. The literary landscape, often perceived as a bastion of erudition and enlightenment, offers a melodic assortment of titles that serve as both guiding lights and whimsical diversions. In "Baroque in the USA: A Cultural Odyssey," Jones takes readers on a journey through the annals of baroque artistry, intertwining historical insights with contemporary interpretations. On a more imaginative note, "The Sound of Polluted Silence" by Green transports us to a world where a symphony of environmental echoes reverberates through the digital sphere, while subtly alluding to the quintessential "Baroque Obama" phenomenon that captivates our study.

In a nod to the realm of fiction, where the improbable and the extravagant often dance in a delightful chassé, we encounter "The Search for Elliptical Harmony" by Austen—a tale where societal norms collide with digital serenades, echoing the uncanny parallels in our own investigations. Furthermore, the whimsical odyssey of "Airwaves and Archangels" by Tolkien serves as a testament to the intertwining threads of environmental resonance and internet forays, albeit in a fantastical milieu.

Turning our attention to the silver screen, where visual motifs and auditory cues entwine in a captivating reel of narratives, we find ourselves amid captivating tales that seem to echo the curious interplay of air pollution and digital quests. In "The Air Affair," a cinematic boast of pollution becomes the backdrop for enigmatic web searches, while "Baroque Dreams: A Polychromatic Enigma" transports viewers into a surreal confluence of historical intrigue and modern-day medleys.

As we embark on this scholarly sojourn through the valleys of empirical inquiry and literary whimsy, it becomes evident that our quest for understanding the connection between air pollution in Longview, Washington, and the enigmatic Google searches for "Baroque Obama" extends far beyond the confines of statistical analyses and conventional paradigms. This expedition into the labyrinthine corridors of interdisciplinary investigation may leave us with more questions than answers, but as we journey forth, we invite our esteemed colleagues to join us in this pas de deux of inquiry, where the melodic strains of curiosity harmonize with the whimsical crescendo of scholarly exploration.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Longview, Washington and Google searches for 'Baroque Obama'. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends . You used data from 2004 to 2023

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Baroque Obama: A Polluted Connection Between Air Quality and Google Searches in Longview, Washington"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we set out to unravel the enigmatic relationship between air pollution in Longview, Washington, and the peculiar Google searches for "Baroque Obama." While the connection may seem as whimsical as a baroque music fan at a political rally, our findings reveal an unexpected correlation that transcends the realms of air quality and internet searches. Leveraging data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, our research team identified a striking correlation coefficient of 0.7520469 with a p-value less than 0.01, spanning the years 2004 to 2023. As we delve into the implications of our findings, we invite readers to join us on a symphonic journey through the harmonious, albeit peculiar, association between air pollution and the quest for the elusive "Baroque Obama." With these results in hand, we may just have uncovered a new aria in the grand opera of interdisciplinary research, leaving us all to ponder, "Is the air quality in Longview, Washington playing a baroque concerto with Google searches, or is it merely a serendipitous duet in the digital symphony of inexplicable correlations?"

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The interplay between environmental factors and human behavior has long been a subject of fascination and inquiry. In our modern era of interconnectedness and information overload, the digital landscape provides a unique vantage point for observing the quirks and curiosities of human curiosity. One such enigma that caught our attention is the correlation between air pollution in Longview, Washington, and the perplexing surge in Google searches for "Baroque Obama."
This unexpected connection may strike some as improbable as a trombone solo in a string quartet, but our investigation delves into the veritable symphony of data to unravel this mystery. As we embark on this academic symposium of sorts, we invite our readers to join us in exploring the delightful and, dare we say, harmonious fusion of air quality and internet searches.
As the curtain rises on our examination, it is worth noting that the city of Longview, Washington, presents an intriguing backdrop for our study. Nestled amidst the majestic forests of the Pacific Northwest, Longview offers a picturesque setting that belies the complexities of urban and industrial dynamics. It is within this landscape that we observe the interplay of atmospheric compositions and digital musings—where the ethereal nomad known as "Baroque Obama" takes center stage in our narrative.
Indeed, the intersection of air pollution and internet activity may seem as bewildering as a minuet at a mosh pit, but rest assured, our inquiry is grounded in robust statistical analyses and rigorous methodologies. Through an exploration of environmental data from the venerable Environmental Protection Agency and the virtual trails of Google searches, we have uncovered a correlation that would make even the most seasoned virtuoso nod in appreciation.
In the following sections of this paper, we will conduct a thorough exposition of our findings, elucidating the nuances of this unexpected correlation and delving into its potential implications. While our study may evoke a chuckle or two at the outset, we assure our esteemed readers that our analysis adheres to the highest standards of scholarly inquiry, albeit with a dash of whimsy befitting the subject at hand.
So, join us as we embark on this curious journey through the realms of air quality, internet curiosities, and the elusive "Baroque Obama." Our findings promise to deliver not just a crescendo of academic insight, but perhaps a hum-worthy melody that leaves us contemplating the symphonic wonders of interdisciplinary research. After all, in the grand opera of scientific exploration, who's to say we can't have a little fun with our data?

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

In this curious quest to unravel the melodic interplay between air pollution and the esoteric echoes of "Baroque Obama" in Longview, Washington, our research hinged on a blend of traditional statistical analyses and digital harmonies. Our methodological symphony, if you will, composed of several movements that waltzed through the realms of environmental data and virtual reverberations.

First, to capture the atmospheric overtures of Longview, we turned our gaze to the venerable Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) databases, conducting a sonorous cacophony of data collection from 2004 to 2023. Daily measurements of air quality parameters, including particulate matter, ozone levels, and other harmonic pollutants, formed the backbone of our environmental opus.

With the symphonic resonance of air quality notes harmoniously recorded, we then ventured into the digital theater of Google Trends. Here, we traced the crescendos and diminuendos of searches for "Baroque Obama," tapping into the ebbs and flows of online queries that seemed as capricious as a keyboard's whimsical trills.

Our methodological overture, however, did not conclude with mere data compilation. Oh no, we embarked on a veritable odyssey of statistical analysis, akin to a maestro fine-tuning a concerto for empirical scrutiny. Leveraging the sweet sonatas of correlation coefficient calculations and the staccato significance of p-values, we arrived at a crescendo of statistical rigor that set the stage for our findings.

In concert with the hallowed traditions of scientific inquiry, we ensured that our methodological overtures were conducted with the utmost care. While the whimsical nature of our inquiry may evoke the image of a clown car at a formal gala, rest assured that our methodologies were firmly grounded in the hallowed halls of academic probity. Our data analyses danced to the rhythm of established statistical techniques, refraining from any improvisational escapades that would have turned our scholarly overture into a slapstick farce.

Now, with our harmonious methodology harmonized and our findings poised for symphonic revelation, let us proceed to the resplendent crescendo of our empirical insights. After all, much like a captivating overture, the true magic lies not just in its technical mastery but in the enigmatic tale it foretells.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Longview, Washington and Google searches for 'Baroque Obama'. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends .

For the time period 2004 to 2023, you found a correlation 0.7520469, r-squared of 0.5655745, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Baroque Obama: A Polluted Connection Between Air Quality and Google Searches in Longview, Washington"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we set out to unravel the enigmatic relationship between air pollution in Longview, Washington, and the peculiar Google searches for "Baroque Obama." While the connection may seem as whimsical as a baroque music fan at a political rally, our findings reveal an unexpected correlation that transcends the realms of air quality and internet searches. Leveraging data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, our research team identified a striking correlation coefficient of 0.7520469 with a p-value less than 0.01, spanning the years 2004 to 2023. As we delve into the implications of our findings, we invite readers to join us on a symphonic journey through the harmonious, albeit peculiar, association between air pollution and the quest for the elusive "Baroque Obama." With these results in hand, we may just have uncovered a new aria in the grand opera of interdisciplinary research, leaving us all to ponder, "Is the air quality in Longview, Washington playing a baroque concerto with Google searches, or is it merely a serendipitous duet in the digital symphony of inexplicable correlations?"

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The interplay between environmental factors and human behavior has long been a subject of fascination and inquiry. In our modern era of interconnectedness and information overload, the digital landscape provides a unique vantage point for observing the quirks and curiosities of human curiosity. One such enigma that caught our attention is the correlation between air pollution in Longview, Washington, and the perplexing surge in Google searches for "Baroque Obama."
This unexpected connection may strike some as improbable as a trombone solo in a string quartet, but our investigation delves into the veritable symphony of data to unravel this mystery. As we embark on this academic symposium of sorts, we invite our readers to join us in exploring the delightful and, dare we say, harmonious fusion of air quality and internet searches.
As the curtain rises on our examination, it is worth noting that the city of Longview, Washington, presents an intriguing backdrop for our study. Nestled amidst the majestic forests of the Pacific Northwest, Longview offers a picturesque setting that belies the complexities of urban and industrial dynamics. It is within this landscape that we observe the interplay of atmospheric compositions and digital musings—where the ethereal nomad known as "Baroque Obama" takes center stage in our narrative.
Indeed, the intersection of air pollution and internet activity may seem as bewildering as a minuet at a mosh pit, but rest assured, our inquiry is grounded in robust statistical analyses and rigorous methodologies. Through an exploration of environmental data from the venerable Environmental Protection Agency and the virtual trails of Google searches, we have uncovered a correlation that would make even the most seasoned virtuoso nod in appreciation.
In the following sections of this paper, we will conduct a thorough exposition of our findings, elucidating the nuances of this unexpected correlation and delving into its potential implications. While our study may evoke a chuckle or two at the outset, we assure our esteemed readers that our analysis adheres to the highest standards of scholarly inquiry, albeit with a dash of whimsy befitting the subject at hand.
So, join us as we embark on this curious journey through the realms of air quality, internet curiosities, and the elusive "Baroque Obama." Our findings promise to deliver not just a crescendo of academic insight, but perhaps a hum-worthy melody that leaves us contemplating the symphonic wonders of interdisciplinary research. After all, in the grand opera of scientific exploration, who's to say we can't have a little fun with our data?

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

Our extensive research into the relationship between air pollution in Longview, Washington and the Google searches for "Baroque Obama" has yielded some truly fascinating results. After sifting through copious amounts of data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we discovered a correlation coefficient of 0.7520469, with an r-squared value of 0.5655745. Moreover, the p-value of less than 0.01 indicates a statistically significant association between these seemingly disparate variables.

As shown in Fig. 1, our scatterplot visually encapsulates the robust correlation we observed. The strong positive relationship between air pollution and searches for "Baroque Obama" jumps off the page, much like the opening bars of a lively concerto. The data points align in a harmonious fashion, reminiscent of the orchestrated movements in a symphony, albeit one that involves air quality and internet queries about a baroque figure.

It is noteworthy that our findings suggest a noteworthy pattern: as air pollution levels fluctuated over the years in Longview, Washington, so did the frequency of Google searches for "Baroque Obama." This connection is as intriguing as a musical fugue, wherein the themes of environmental quality and digital intrigue play off each other in a delightful, if puzzling, manner.

Overall, our results not only confirm the existence of a substantial correlation between air pollution and searches for "Baroque Obama," but they also provoke contemplation on the uncharted territories of interdisciplinary research. Our findings beckon us to consider the whimsical duet of factors previously thought to be unrelated, with the potential for mirthful musings on the enigmatic nature of statistical correlations.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Longview, Washington and Google searches for 'Baroque Obama'. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Baroque Obama: A Polluted Connection Between Air Quality and Google Searches in Longview, Washington"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we set out to unravel the enigmatic relationship between air pollution in Longview, Washington, and the peculiar Google searches for "Baroque Obama." While the connection may seem as whimsical as a baroque music fan at a political rally, our findings reveal an unexpected correlation that transcends the realms of air quality and internet searches. Leveraging data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, our research team identified a striking correlation coefficient of 0.7520469 with a p-value less than 0.01, spanning the years 2004 to 2023. As we delve into the implications of our findings, we invite readers to join us on a symphonic journey through the harmonious, albeit peculiar, association between air pollution and the quest for the elusive "Baroque Obama." With these results in hand, we may just have uncovered a new aria in the grand opera of interdisciplinary research, leaving us all to ponder, "Is the air quality in Longview, Washington playing a baroque concerto with Google searches, or is it merely a serendipitous duet in the digital symphony of inexplicable correlations?"

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The connection between air pollution and internet search behavior may appear as incongruous as a kazoo solo at a classical philharmonic orchestra, yet the academic landscape has seen a crescendo of interest in exploring such correlations. Smith et al., in their seminal work "Airborne Alchemy: Unraveling the Mysteries of Atmospheric Interactions," propound the profound impact of air quality on human cognitive processes. Meanwhile, Doe's comprehensive analysis in "Cyber Curiosities: Navigating the Digital Labyrinths of Search Queries" sheds light on the intricate patterns of online explorations, raising questions about the influence of environmental factors on such queries.
However, as we wade deeper into the domain of peculiar correlations, it is imperative to acknowledge the presence of unexpected bedfellows in our inquiry. The literary landscape, often perceived as a bastion of erudition and enlightenment, offers a melodic assortment of titles that serve as both guiding lights and whimsical diversions. In "Baroque in the USA: A Cultural Odyssey," Jones takes readers on a journey through the annals of baroque artistry, intertwining historical insights with contemporary interpretations. On a more imaginative note, "The Sound of Polluted Silence" by Green transports us to a world where a symphony of environmental echoes reverberates through the digital sphere, while subtly alluding to the quintessential "Baroque Obama" phenomenon that captivates our study.
In a nod to the realm of fiction, where the improbable and the extravagant often dance in a delightful chassé, we encounter "The Search for Elliptical Harmony" by Austen—a tale where societal norms collide with digital serenades, echoing the uncanny parallels in our own investigations. Furthermore, the whimsical odyssey of "Airwaves and Archangels" by Tolkien serves as a testament to the intertwining threads of environmental resonance and internet forays, albeit in a fantastical milieu.
Turning our attention to the silver screen, where visual motifs and auditory cues entwine in a captivating reel of narratives, we find ourselves amid captivating tales that seem to echo the curious interplay of air pollution and digital quests. In "The Air Affair," a cinematic boast of pollution becomes the backdrop for enigmatic web searches, while "Baroque Dreams: A Polychromatic Enigma" transports viewers into a surreal confluence of historical intrigue and modern-day medleys.
As we embark on this scholarly sojourn through the valleys of empirical inquiry and literary whimsy, it becomes evident that our quest for understanding the connection between air pollution in Longview, Washington, and the enigmatic Google searches for "Baroque Obama" extends far beyond the confines of statistical analyses and conventional paradigms. This expedition into the labyrinthine corridors of interdisciplinary investigation may leave us with more questions than answers, but as we journey forth, we invite our esteemed colleagues to join us in this pas de deux of inquiry, where the melodic strains of curiosity harmonize with the whimsical crescendo of scholarly exploration.

[[RESULTS]]
Our extensive research into the relationship between air pollution in Longview, Washington and the Google searches for "Baroque Obama" has yielded some truly fascinating results. After sifting through copious amounts of data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we discovered a correlation coefficient of 0.7520469, with an r-squared value of 0.5655745. Moreover, the p-value of less than 0.01 indicates a statistically significant association between these seemingly disparate variables.
As shown in Fig. 1, our scatterplot visually encapsulates the robust correlation we observed. The strong positive relationship between air pollution and searches for "Baroque Obama" jumps off the page, much like the opening bars of a lively concerto. The data points align in a harmonious fashion, reminiscent of the orchestrated movements in a symphony, albeit one that involves air quality and internet queries about a baroque figure.
It is noteworthy that our findings suggest a noteworthy pattern: as air pollution levels fluctuated over the years in Longview, Washington, so did the frequency of Google searches for "Baroque Obama." This connection is as intriguing as a musical fugue, wherein the themes of environmental quality and digital intrigue play off each other in a delightful, if puzzling, manner.
Overall, our results not only confirm the existence of a substantial correlation between air pollution and searches for "Baroque Obama," but they also provoke contemplation on the uncharted territories of interdisciplinary research. Our findings beckon us to consider the whimsical duet of factors previously thought to be unrelated, with the potential for mirthful musings on the enigmatic nature of statistical correlations.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The results of our study have brought to light an unexpected synchrony between air pollution in Longview, Washington and the quest for "Baroque Obama" on the digital stage. Our findings not only echo the previous research on the impact of air quality on cognitive processes, as demonstrated by Smith et al., but they also add a playful twist to the unexpected bedfellows in our inquiry, reminiscent of a Shakespearean comedy with air pollution and Google searches starring as the unlikely duo.

Returning to the literature review, the melodic assortment of literary and cinematic references may seem as incongruous as a maraca solo in a string quartet, yet they herald the whimsical diversions that mirror the uncanny parallels in our study. While Jones's "Baroque in the USA" offers historical insights into baroque artistry, it simultaneously serves as a serendipitous prelude to our investigation. Moreover, the fantastical odyssey of "Airwaves and Archangels" by Tolkien, while steeped in whimsy, resonates with the intertwining threads of environmental resonance and internet forays that characterize our inquiry.

In light of these findings, it is evident that our study has added a lighthearted symphonic layer to the scholarly dialogue on unconventional correlations. Just as a humorous interlude in an otherwise weighty discussion can elicit an unexpected chuckle, the unexpected association between air pollution and searches for "Baroque Obama" invites us to ponder the capricious whims of statistical intrigue. The robust correlation coefficient and statistically significant p-value serve as the chorus to our scholarly performance, beckoning us to embrace the symphony of interdisciplinary research in all its enigmatic glory.

These results not only support the prior research which delved into the impact of air quality on human cognition and internet search behavior, but they also introduce a whimsical addition to the overarching narrative of interdisciplinary exploration. In essence, our findings paint a picture as amusing as a cat playing the piano—a delightful and surprising spectacle that urges us to unlock the lyrical mysteries of seemingly disparate phenomena. As we continue this scholarly sojourn, we invite our esteemed colleagues to embrace the nuances of statistical serendipity and revel in the esprit de corps of interdisciplinary inquiry.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Longview, Washington and Google searches for 'Baroque Obama'. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Baroque Obama: A Polluted Connection Between Air Quality and Google Searches in Longview, Washington"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we set out to unravel the enigmatic relationship between air pollution in Longview, Washington, and the peculiar Google searches for "Baroque Obama." While the connection may seem as whimsical as a baroque music fan at a political rally, our findings reveal an unexpected correlation that transcends the realms of air quality and internet searches. Leveraging data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, our research team identified a striking correlation coefficient of 0.7520469 with a p-value less than 0.01, spanning the years 2004 to 2023. As we delve into the implications of our findings, we invite readers to join us on a symphonic journey through the harmonious, albeit peculiar, association between air pollution and the quest for the elusive "Baroque Obama." With these results in hand, we may just have uncovered a new aria in the grand opera of interdisciplinary research, leaving us all to ponder, "Is the air quality in Longview, Washington playing a baroque concerto with Google searches, or is it merely a serendipitous duet in the digital symphony of inexplicable correlations?"

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The interplay between environmental factors and human behavior has long been a subject of fascination and inquiry. In our modern era of interconnectedness and information overload, the digital landscape provides a unique vantage point for observing the quirks and curiosities of human curiosity. One such enigma that caught our attention is the correlation between air pollution in Longview, Washington, and the perplexing surge in Google searches for "Baroque Obama."
This unexpected connection may strike some as improbable as a trombone solo in a string quartet, but our investigation delves into the veritable symphony of data to unravel this mystery. As we embark on this academic symposium of sorts, we invite our readers to join us in exploring the delightful and, dare we say, harmonious fusion of air quality and internet searches.
As the curtain rises on our examination, it is worth noting that the city of Longview, Washington, presents an intriguing backdrop for our study. Nestled amidst the majestic forests of the Pacific Northwest, Longview offers a picturesque setting that belies the complexities of urban and industrial dynamics. It is within this landscape that we observe the interplay of atmospheric compositions and digital musings—where the ethereal nomad known as "Baroque Obama" takes center stage in our narrative.
Indeed, the intersection of air pollution and internet activity may seem as bewildering as a minuet at a mosh pit, but rest assured, our inquiry is grounded in robust statistical analyses and rigorous methodologies. Through an exploration of environmental data from the venerable Environmental Protection Agency and the virtual trails of Google searches, we have uncovered a correlation that would make even the most seasoned virtuoso nod in appreciation.
In the following sections of this paper, we will conduct a thorough exposition of our findings, elucidating the nuances of this unexpected correlation and delving into its potential implications. While our study may evoke a chuckle or two at the outset, we assure our esteemed readers that our analysis adheres to the highest standards of scholarly inquiry, albeit with a dash of whimsy befitting the subject at hand.
So, join us as we embark on this curious journey through the realms of air quality, internet curiosities, and the elusive "Baroque Obama." Our findings promise to deliver not just a crescendo of academic insight, but perhaps a hum-worthy melody that leaves us contemplating the symphonic wonders of interdisciplinary research. After all, in the grand opera of scientific exploration, who's to say we can't have a little fun with our data?

[[RESULTS]]
Our extensive research into the relationship between air pollution in Longview, Washington and the Google searches for "Baroque Obama" has yielded some truly fascinating results. After sifting through copious amounts of data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we discovered a correlation coefficient of 0.7520469, with an r-squared value of 0.5655745. Moreover, the p-value of less than 0.01 indicates a statistically significant association between these seemingly disparate variables.
As shown in Fig. 1, our scatterplot visually encapsulates the robust correlation we observed. The strong positive relationship between air pollution and searches for "Baroque Obama" jumps off the page, much like the opening bars of a lively concerto. The data points align in a harmonious fashion, reminiscent of the orchestrated movements in a symphony, albeit one that involves air quality and internet queries about a baroque figure.
It is noteworthy that our findings suggest a noteworthy pattern: as air pollution levels fluctuated over the years in Longview, Washington, so did the frequency of Google searches for "Baroque Obama." This connection is as intriguing as a musical fugue, wherein the themes of environmental quality and digital intrigue play off each other in a delightful, if puzzling, manner.
Overall, our results not only confirm the existence of a substantial correlation between air pollution and searches for "Baroque Obama," but they also provoke contemplation on the uncharted territories of interdisciplinary research. Our findings beckon us to consider the whimsical duet of factors previously thought to be unrelated, with the potential for mirthful musings on the enigmatic nature of statistical correlations.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our study unravels the puzzling correlation between air pollution in Longview, Washington, and the enigmatic Google searches for "Baroque Obama." Our findings reveal a statistically significant association that transcends the realms of air quality and internet queries. It's as surprising as finding a tuba in a string quartet! The correlation coefficient of 0.7520469, akin to a virtuoso performance, exudes a robust relationship that is as compelling as a concerto in a bustling cityscape.

As we reflect on the implications of our findings, one cannot help but marvel at the unexpected symphony unfolding before us. The fluctuations in air pollution levels conduct a peculiar pas de deux with the frequency of Google searches for "Baroque Obama," creating a digital ballet of inexplicable harmony. This correlation sings a charming melody, much like an aria in the grand opera of interdisciplinary research.

While the idea of air quality influencing internet searches may sound as outlandish as a kazoo at a royal ball, our results beckon us to consider the whimsical duet of factors that have hitherto danced in separate spheres. The digital symphony composed by the interplay of environmental quality and internet curiosities leaves us pondering the serendipitous nature of statistical correlations in a world teeming with inexplicable wonders.

In light of these revelatory findings, we assert that no further investigations are needed in this area. We've had our fill of humorous correlations and unexpected connections, and it's time to bid adieu to "Baroque Obama" and his atmospheric escapades. As the curtains close on this chapter of research, we leave it to future scholars to uncover new mysteries and perhaps stumble upon a motley crew of statistical surprises elsewhere. After all, who knew air pollution and internet musings could make such a delightful duet?


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Baroque Obama: A Polluted Connection Between Air Quality and Google Searches in Longview, Washington. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Atmospheric Absurdities


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Baroque Obama: A Polluted Connection Between Air Quality and Google Searches in Longview, Washington. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Environmental Aesthetics and Search Engine Studies


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Baroque Obama: A Polluted Connection Between Air Quality and Google Searches in Longview, Washington with an abstract of In this study, we set out to unravel the enigmatic relationship between air pollution in Longview, Washington, and the peculiar Google searches for "Baroque Obama." While the connection may seem as whimsical as a baroque music fan at a political rally, our findings reveal an unexpected correlation that transcends the realms of air quality and internet searches. Leveraging data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, our research team identified a striking correlation coefficient of 0.7520469 with a p-value less than 0.01, spanning the years 2004 to 2023. As we delve into the implications of our findings, we invite readers to join us on a symphonic journey through the harmonious, albeit peculiar, association between air pollution and the quest for the elusive "Baroque Obama." With these results in hand, we may just have uncovered a new aria in the grand opera of interdisciplinary research, leaving us all to ponder, "Is the air quality in Longview, Washington playing a baroque concerto with Google searches, or is it merely a serendipitous duet in the digital symphony of inexplicable correlations?

ChatGPT:

"air pollution Longview Washington, Google searches, Baroque Obama, correlation coefficient, Environmental Protection Agency, Google Trends, interdisciplinary research, air quality, internet searches"

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

Air pollution in Longview, Washington
Detailed data title: Percentage of days with moderate or worse air quality in Longview, WA
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air pollution in Longview, Washington

Google searches for 'Baroque Obama'
Detailed data title: Relative volume of Google searches for 'Baroque Obama' (Worldwide), with quotes)
Source: Google Trends
Additional Info: Relative search volume (not absolute numbers)

See what else correlates with Google searches for 'Baroque Obama'

Correlation r = 0.7520469 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.5655745 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 56.6% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Google searches for 'Baroque Obama') is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Air pollution in Longview, Washington) over the 20 years from 2004 through 2023.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 0.00013. 0.0001311690084535225700000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.75 in 0.013% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 7,624 random variables Which I absolutely did.
with the same 19 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 19 because we have two variables measured over a period of 20 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.46, 0.9 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
20042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Air pollution in Longview, Washington (Bad air quality days)0.1826090.1129030.09329450.1190480.07202220.07183910.0219780.05234160.05413110.1315070.04334370.05801110.04132230.1068490.07397260.06111110.04918030.01369860.0771350.0165746
Google searches for 'Baroque Obama' (Rel. search volume)19.91672.916673.6666713.08335.333334.583332.255.416674.833334.583334.253.53.57.833333.583332.52.666672.50.6666670.333333




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([0.182609,0.112903,0.0932945,0.119048,0.0720222,0.0718391,0.021978,0.0523416,0.0541311,0.131507,0.0433437,0.0580111,0.0413223,0.106849,0.0739726,0.0611111,0.0491803,0.0136986,0.077135,0.0165746,])
array_2 = np.array([19.9167,2.91667,3.66667,13.0833,5.33333,4.58333,2.25,5.41667,4.83333,4.58333,4.25,3.5,3.5,7.83333,3.58333,2.5,2.66667,2.5,0.666667,0.333333,])
array_1_name = "Air pollution in Longview, Washington"
array_2_name = "Google searches for 'Baroque Obama'"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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Correlation ID: 1569 · Black Variable ID: 22095 · Red Variable ID: 1485
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