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Spurious correlation #5,566 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Popularity of the first name Colette and the second variable is Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Louisiana.  The chart goes from 1976 to 2020, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

More people named Colette means more people embracing individualism, leading to support for the Libertarian candidate. It's a Colette revolution for political freedom!

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image of a Louisiana town square bustling with activity, as a large billboard proudly displays the name "Colette" in bold, vibrant letters. The crowd is gathered, each person holding a ballot and casting their vote for the Libertarian Presidential candidate. The scene reflects the increasing embrace of individualism and the collective support for political freedom, as the Colette revolution takes hold. The image should capture the vibrant energy of the scene, with an emphasis on the billboard and the diverse crowd gathered in the town square. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Popularity of the first name Colette and Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Louisiana. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Cyber folk Realistic Art nouveau A scene from Skyrim Vaporwave
ChatGPT: A scene from Skyrim

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Popularity of the first name Colette and Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Louisiana, in the following situation: More people named Colette means more people embracing individualism, leading to support for the Libertarian candidate. It's a Colette revolution for political freedom!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a busy Louisiana town square, a large billboard proudly displays the name "Colette" in bold, vibrant letters, symbolizing the growing popularity of the name. In front of the billboard, a bustling crowd of people is gathered, each person holding a ballot and casting their vote for the Libertarian Presidential candidate. The scene reflects the increasing embrace of individualism and the collective support for political freedom, as the Colette revolution takes hold.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A scene from Skyrim ] and depicting this scene: In a busy Louisiana town square, a large billboard proudly displays the name "Colette" in bold, vibrant letters, symbolizing the growing popularity of the name. In front of the billboard, a bustling crowd of people is gathered, each person holding a ballot and casting their vote for the Libertarian Presidential candidate. The scene reflects the increasing embrace of individualism and the collective support for political freedom, as the Colette revolution takes hold. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image of a Louisiana town square bustling with activity, as a large billboard proudly displays the name "Colette" in bold, vibrant letters. The crowd is gathered, each person holding a ballot and casting their vote for the Libertarian Presidential candidate. The scene reflects the increasing embrace of individualism and the collective support for political freedom, as the Colette revolution takes hold. The image should capture the vibrant energy of the scene, with an emphasis on the billboard and the diverse crowd gathered in the town square.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Popularity of the first name Colette caused Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Louisiana to increase. Add a funny one-liner at the end.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Colette in the Ballot Box: An Examination of the Relationship between the Name Popularity and Libertarian Votes in Louisiana

The Journal of Quirky Political Analysis

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Colette and Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Louisiana. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Make the title punny if you can come up with clever pun. If not, just make it sound clever.

Your research team used data from US Social Security Administration and MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9420430 and p < 0.01 for 1976 to 2020.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
Colette in the Ballot Box: An Examination of the Relationship between the Name Popularity and Libertarian Votes in Louisiana

[[ABSTRACT]]
Colette, Colette, quite the vote! This paper delves into the fascinating correlation between the popularity of the first name Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in the state of Louisiana. Using data from the US Social Security Administration and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, this study spans the years 1976 to 2020 to uncover the underlying patterns in this seemingly peculiar relationship. Our analysis reveals a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9420430 and a p-value of less than 0.01, suggesting a robust and significant association between the two variables.

With a quip and a name, the association became clear. It's all in the name - or is it? The findings of this research not only shed light on the curious connection between a name's popularity and political preferences but also contribute to the growing body of interdisciplinary research that explores the influence of personal nomenclature on societal phenomena. So, the next time someone asks, "What's in a name?" - the answer might just be "political inclinations in the Pelican State."


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Colette and Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Louisiana. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Colette in the Ballot Box: An Examination of the Relationship between the Name Popularity and Libertarian Votes in Louisiana

[[ABSTRACT]]
Colette, Colette, quite the vote! This paper delves into the fascinating correlation between the popularity of the first name Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in the state of Louisiana. Using data from the US Social Security Administration and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, this study spans the years 1976 to 2020 to uncover the underlying patterns in this seemingly peculiar relationship. Our analysis reveals a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9420430 and a p-value of less than 0.01, suggesting a robust and significant association between the two variables.

With a quip and a name, the association became clear. It's all in the name - or is it? The findings of this research not only shed light on the curious connection between a name's popularity and political preferences but also contribute to the growing body of interdisciplinary research that explores the influence of personal nomenclature on societal phenomena. So, the next time someone asks, "What's in a name?" - the answer might just be "political inclinations in the Pelican State."

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

Imagine a world where the popularity of a name could sway political consciousness. Well, dear reader, it's not just a hypothetical musing; it's the curious reality we explore in this paper. Colette in the ballot box - a seemingly whimsical title that encapsulates our investigation into the intriguing relationship between the name popularity of Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in the vibrant state of Louisiana. As we embark on this academic odyssey, we will unravel the statistical layers behind this perplexing correlation and perhaps uncover some unexpected political insights along the way.

Why did the statistics professor bring a parrot to class? Because it was great at squawking about significance levels! In the realm of data exploration, our inquisitive minds often unearth patterns that transcend conventional wisdom, and this study is certainly no exception. By delving into decades of US Social Security Administration data and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, we aim to bring to light the potential influence of a name on the political preferences of the good people of Louisiana. And who knew a name could hold such sway over political leanings? It seems Colette might just be the name with the "vote" of approval.

Our quest for understanding leads us to the heart of statistical inquiry, where we uncover a correlation coefficient of 0.9420430 and a p-value that could make even the most skeptical statistician raise an eyebrow. This statistical marvel indicates a robust and significant association, with implications that may redefine the way we perceive the interconnectedness of personal nomenclature and political tendencies. After all, who knew that statistical significance and memorable names could make such an impactful pair?

Why was the statistics book sad? Because it had too many problems. In the realm of research, we encounter a myriad of conundrums, challenges, and unexpected discoveries. Our study unravels yet another enigma - the potential link between a name and political allegiance. We invite you to embark on this scholarly excursion as we uncover the statistical nuances behind Colette's political influence in the colorful landscape of Louisiana. Brace yourself for a journey filled with data, deliberation, and perhaps a few more name-related puns along the way. Let's uncover the statistical symphony behind Colette's influence in the political arena, one vote at a time.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Colette and Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Louisiana. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name some cartoons and childrens' shows that you watched that are related to the topic.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Colette in the Ballot Box: An Examination of the Relationship between the Name Popularity and Libertarian Votes in Louisiana

[[ABSTRACT]]
Colette, Colette, quite the vote! This paper delves into the fascinating correlation between the popularity of the first name Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in the state of Louisiana. Using data from the US Social Security Administration and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, this study spans the years 1976 to 2020 to uncover the underlying patterns in this seemingly peculiar relationship. Our analysis reveals a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9420430 and a p-value of less than 0.01, suggesting a robust and significant association between the two variables.

With a quip and a name, the association became clear. It's all in the name - or is it? The findings of this research not only shed light on the curious connection between a name's popularity and political preferences but also contribute to the growing body of interdisciplinary research that explores the influence of personal nomenclature on societal phenomena. So, the next time someone asks, "What's in a name?" - the answer might just be "political inclinations in the Pelican State."

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
Imagine a world where the popularity of a name could sway political consciousness. Well, dear reader, it's not just a hypothetical musing; it's the curious reality we explore in this paper. Colette in the ballot box - a seemingly whimsical title that encapsulates our investigation into the intriguing relationship between the name popularity of Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in the vibrant state of Louisiana. As we embark on this academic odyssey, we will unravel the statistical layers behind this perplexing correlation and perhaps uncover some unexpected political insights along the way.
Why did the statistics professor bring a parrot to class? Because it was great at squawking about significance levels! In the realm of data exploration, our inquisitive minds often unearth patterns that transcend conventional wisdom, and this study is certainly no exception. By delving into decades of US Social Security Administration data and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, we aim to bring to light the potential influence of a name on the political preferences of the good people of Louisiana. And who knew a name could hold such sway over political leanings? It seems Colette might just be the name with the "vote" of approval.
Our quest for understanding leads us to the heart of statistical inquiry, where we uncover a correlation coefficient of 0.9420430 and a p-value that could make even the most skeptical statistician raise an eyebrow. This statistical marvel indicates a robust and significant association, with implications that may redefine the way we perceive the interconnectedness of personal nomenclature and political tendencies. After all, who knew that statistical significance and memorable names could make such an impactful pair?
Why was the statistics book sad? Because it had too many problems. In the realm of research, we encounter a myriad of conundrums, challenges, and unexpected discoveries. Our study unravels yet another enigma - the potential link between a name and political allegiance. We invite you to embark on this scholarly excursion as we uncover the statistical nuances behind Colette's political influence in the colorful landscape of Louisiana. Brace yourself for a journey filled with data, deliberation, and perhaps a few more name-related puns along the way. Let's uncover the statistical symphony behind Colette's influence in the political arena, one vote at a time.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The examination of the relationship between the popularity of the first name Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Louisiana is a topic that has surprisingly garnered some attention in scholarly circles. Smith et al. (2015) conducted an initial study exploring the potential ties between personal nomenclature and political inclinations, with Colette emerging as a focal point in their analysis. Building upon this pioneering work, Doe (2017) further investigated the influence of popular names on voting behaviors, laying the groundwork for subsequent research in this captivating area. Jones (2019) also contributed to this emerging field by delving into the historical significance of names and their impact on electoral outcomes, albeit without a specific focus on Colette.

What did the economist name her first child? Marginal. With a nod to the extensive research carried out in the field, it is imperative to acknowledge the influence of popular non-fiction literature that addresses the intriguing interplay between personal names and societal phenomena. In "Freakonomics" by Levitt and Dubner (2005), the authors delve into the unexpected links between seemingly unrelated variables, echoing the spirit of inquiry that underpins our exploration of Colette's political sway. Additionally, "The Signal and the Noise" by Silver (2012) sheds light on the complexities of predictive analytics, providing a broader context for understanding the intricate connections between personal names and voting patterns.

In the realm of fiction, the prominence of names and their potential impact on individual choices has been a recurring theme in literary works. From the iconic character of Colette in the novel "Gigi" by Colette (1944), to the thought-provoking explorations of identity in "The Namesake" by Lahiri (2003), literature has long underscored the significance of names in shaping personal narratives and by extension, potential political leanings.

It's safe to say that the influence of names on voting behavior is no child's play - but speaking of children, we cannot neglect the formative impact of popular culture on perceptions of names and their potential influence. Cartoons such as "The Powerpuff Girls" and children's shows like "Sesame Street" often feature characters with distinct names, inadvertently shaping young minds and potentially influencing their future political predispositions. It's a name game with political repercussions that transcends generations and animated worlds alike.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Colette and Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Louisiana. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from US Social Security Administration and MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse . You used data from 1976 to 2020

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Colette in the Ballot Box: An Examination of the Relationship between the Name Popularity and Libertarian Votes in Louisiana

[[ABSTRACT]]
Colette, Colette, quite the vote! This paper delves into the fascinating correlation between the popularity of the first name Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in the state of Louisiana. Using data from the US Social Security Administration and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, this study spans the years 1976 to 2020 to uncover the underlying patterns in this seemingly peculiar relationship. Our analysis reveals a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9420430 and a p-value of less than 0.01, suggesting a robust and significant association between the two variables.

With a quip and a name, the association became clear. It's all in the name - or is it? The findings of this research not only shed light on the curious connection between a name's popularity and political preferences but also contribute to the growing body of interdisciplinary research that explores the influence of personal nomenclature on societal phenomena. So, the next time someone asks, "What's in a name?" - the answer might just be "political inclinations in the Pelican State."

[[INTRODUCTION]]
Imagine a world where the popularity of a name could sway political consciousness. Well, dear reader, it's not just a hypothetical musing; it's the curious reality we explore in this paper. Colette in the ballot box - a seemingly whimsical title that encapsulates our investigation into the intriguing relationship between the name popularity of Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in the vibrant state of Louisiana. As we embark on this academic odyssey, we will unravel the statistical layers behind this perplexing correlation and perhaps uncover some unexpected political insights along the way.
Why did the statistics professor bring a parrot to class? Because it was great at squawking about significance levels! In the realm of data exploration, our inquisitive minds often unearth patterns that transcend conventional wisdom, and this study is certainly no exception. By delving into decades of US Social Security Administration data and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, we aim to bring to light the potential influence of a name on the political preferences of the good people of Louisiana. And who knew a name could hold such sway over political leanings? It seems Colette might just be the name with the "vote" of approval.
Our quest for understanding leads us to the heart of statistical inquiry, where we uncover a correlation coefficient of 0.9420430 and a p-value that could make even the most skeptical statistician raise an eyebrow. This statistical marvel indicates a robust and significant association, with implications that may redefine the way we perceive the interconnectedness of personal nomenclature and political tendencies. After all, who knew that statistical significance and memorable names could make such an impactful pair?
Why was the statistics book sad? Because it had too many problems. In the realm of research, we encounter a myriad of conundrums, challenges, and unexpected discoveries. Our study unravels yet another enigma - the potential link between a name and political allegiance. We invite you to embark on this scholarly excursion as we uncover the statistical nuances behind Colette's political influence in the colorful landscape of Louisiana. Brace yourself for a journey filled with data, deliberation, and perhaps a few more name-related puns along the way. Let's uncover the statistical symphony behind Colette's influence in the political arena, one vote at a time.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To unravel the enigmatic link between the popularity of the name Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Louisiana, our research team embarked on an analytical journey that traversed decades of data. We employed a multifaceted approach that combined data collection from the US Social Security Administration and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse. This eclectic blend of sources allowed us to capture the essence of name popularity and political inclinations, providing a comprehensive understanding of their interconnectedness.

Our first step in this whimsical exploration involved curating a dataset spanning from 1976 to 2020, encompassing the ebbs and flows of name popularity and political fervor over the years. We merged this data with the electoral statistics, creating a colorful tableau that painted a vivid picture of Colette's impact on the political landscape of Louisiana. Our analytical process was as rigorous as it was lighthearted, akin to a mad scientist crafting an experiment with a touch of playful eccentricity.

"Why don't data scientists like to go out on Halloween? Because they prefer data boo-ths!" With this lighthearted spirit in mind, our inquiry delved into statistical analyses that would make even the most stoic researcher crack a smile. We employed correlation analyses to evaluate the relationship between the frequency of the name Colette and the votes garnered by the Libertarian presidential candidate in Louisiana. Our statistical toolbox also included regression models, carefully tailored to capture the nuanced interplay between name popularity and political preferences.

Furthermore, we conducted stratified analyses that considered demographic factors such as age, gender, and geographical distribution within Louisiana. This comprehensive approach allowed us to uncover the multifaceted nature of the Colette phenomenon, teasing out insights that transcended mere statistical associations. Our methodology danced between the realms of statistics and whimsy, akin to a fusion of precise data analysis and a hint of serendipity.

As we navigated the labyrinth of data exploration, our research team also engaged in qualitative assessments, eliciting personal narratives and anecdotes related to the name Colette and political leanings. These qualitative insights added a touch of human warmth to our analytical framework, infusing the data with the vibrant spirit of Louisiana's diverse populace.

In summary, our methodological concoction blended statistical analyses, insightful regressions, and a dash of qualitative storytelling, creating a compelling narrative that encapsulated the captivating correlation between Colette's popularity and Libertarian votes in the colorful tapestry of Louisiana politics. So, why did the statistician prefer their coffee iced? Because it added a refreshing twist to their data brew! And our methodology was no exception, crafting a research blend that was as refreshing as it was intellectually invigorating.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Colette and Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Louisiana. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from US Social Security Administration and MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse .

For the time period 1976 to 2020, you found a correlation 0.9420430, r-squared of 0.8874451, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Colette in the Ballot Box: An Examination of the Relationship between the Name Popularity and Libertarian Votes in Louisiana

[[ABSTRACT]]
Colette, Colette, quite the vote! This paper delves into the fascinating correlation between the popularity of the first name Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in the state of Louisiana. Using data from the US Social Security Administration and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, this study spans the years 1976 to 2020 to uncover the underlying patterns in this seemingly peculiar relationship. Our analysis reveals a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9420430 and a p-value of less than 0.01, suggesting a robust and significant association between the two variables.

With a quip and a name, the association became clear. It's all in the name - or is it? The findings of this research not only shed light on the curious connection between a name's popularity and political preferences but also contribute to the growing body of interdisciplinary research that explores the influence of personal nomenclature on societal phenomena. So, the next time someone asks, "What's in a name?" - the answer might just be "political inclinations in the Pelican State."

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
Imagine a world where the popularity of a name could sway political consciousness. Well, dear reader, it's not just a hypothetical musing; it's the curious reality we explore in this paper. Colette in the ballot box - a seemingly whimsical title that encapsulates our investigation into the intriguing relationship between the name popularity of Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in the vibrant state of Louisiana. As we embark on this academic odyssey, we will unravel the statistical layers behind this perplexing correlation and perhaps uncover some unexpected political insights along the way.
Why did the statistics professor bring a parrot to class? Because it was great at squawking about significance levels! In the realm of data exploration, our inquisitive minds often unearth patterns that transcend conventional wisdom, and this study is certainly no exception. By delving into decades of US Social Security Administration data and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, we aim to bring to light the potential influence of a name on the political preferences of the good people of Louisiana. And who knew a name could hold such sway over political leanings? It seems Colette might just be the name with the "vote" of approval.
Our quest for understanding leads us to the heart of statistical inquiry, where we uncover a correlation coefficient of 0.9420430 and a p-value that could make even the most skeptical statistician raise an eyebrow. This statistical marvel indicates a robust and significant association, with implications that may redefine the way we perceive the interconnectedness of personal nomenclature and political tendencies. After all, who knew that statistical significance and memorable names could make such an impactful pair?
Why was the statistics book sad? Because it had too many problems. In the realm of research, we encounter a myriad of conundrums, challenges, and unexpected discoveries. Our study unravels yet another enigma - the potential link between a name and political allegiance. We invite you to embark on this scholarly excursion as we uncover the statistical nuances behind Colette's political influence in the colorful landscape of Louisiana. Brace yourself for a journey filled with data, deliberation, and perhaps a few more name-related puns along the way. Let's uncover the statistical symphony behind Colette's influence in the political arena, one vote at a time.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The analysis of the relationship between the popularity of the first name Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Louisiana yielded some rather intriguing results. Our investigation uncovered a staggering correlation coefficient of 0.9420430, signifying a remarkably strong positive association between the two variables over the period of 1976 to 2020. This finding suggests that there may indeed be something more than just chance at play when it comes to the curious bond between a name and political support.

What did the statistician say to the lonely doctor? "You need to find a new paramour." Our results might just be the “paramour” of statistical inquiry – an unexpected connection waiting to be explored. The very thought of a name exerting such influence over the ballot box may lead us to wonder if other names harbor similar political prowess. Could it be the onomastic equivalent of a "red wave" or a "blue wave?"

The r-squared value of 0.8874451 suggests that a substantial proportion of the variation in Libertarian votes in Louisiana can be explained by the popularity of the name Colette. This statistical nugget elicits deeper contemplation into the potential mechanisms through which a name could exert its influence on political preferences. It seems Colette isn't just a name; it's a statistical force to be reckoned with, making its mark on the electorate's choices in the Pelican State.

The p-value of less than 0.01 further solidifies the robustness of the association and provides compelling evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no relationship between the popularity of the name Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Louisiana. It's safe to say that this finding possesses a level of significance that even the most discerning connoisseur of statistical intricacies would find hard to ignore. So, the next time you meet a Colette in Louisiana, you might just want to casually slip in a political query – after all, our findings suggest there might just be something noteworthy about the name.

Fig. 1 presents a scatterplot illustrating the striking correlation between the popularity of the name Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Louisiana. The visual representation highlights the compelling nature of the relationship, encapsulating decades of data in a single snapshot. It's almost like a chart-topping hit – but in the world of statistics and nomenclature.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Colette and Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Louisiana. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Colette in the Ballot Box: An Examination of the Relationship between the Name Popularity and Libertarian Votes in Louisiana

[[ABSTRACT]]
Colette, Colette, quite the vote! This paper delves into the fascinating correlation between the popularity of the first name Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in the state of Louisiana. Using data from the US Social Security Administration and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, this study spans the years 1976 to 2020 to uncover the underlying patterns in this seemingly peculiar relationship. Our analysis reveals a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9420430 and a p-value of less than 0.01, suggesting a robust and significant association between the two variables.

With a quip and a name, the association became clear. It's all in the name - or is it? The findings of this research not only shed light on the curious connection between a name's popularity and political preferences but also contribute to the growing body of interdisciplinary research that explores the influence of personal nomenclature on societal phenomena. So, the next time someone asks, "What's in a name?" - the answer might just be "political inclinations in the Pelican State."

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The examination of the relationship between the popularity of the first name Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Louisiana is a topic that has surprisingly garnered some attention in scholarly circles. Smith et al. (2015) conducted an initial study exploring the potential ties between personal nomenclature and political inclinations, with Colette emerging as a focal point in their analysis. Building upon this pioneering work, Doe (2017) further investigated the influence of popular names on voting behaviors, laying the groundwork for subsequent research in this captivating area. Jones (2019) also contributed to this emerging field by delving into the historical significance of names and their impact on electoral outcomes, albeit without a specific focus on Colette.
What did the economist name her first child? Marginal. With a nod to the extensive research carried out in the field, it is imperative to acknowledge the influence of popular non-fiction literature that addresses the intriguing interplay between personal names and societal phenomena. In "Freakonomics" by Levitt and Dubner (2005), the authors delve into the unexpected links between seemingly unrelated variables, echoing the spirit of inquiry that underpins our exploration of Colette's political sway. Additionally, "The Signal and the Noise" by Silver (2012) sheds light on the complexities of predictive analytics, providing a broader context for understanding the intricate connections between personal names and voting patterns.
In the realm of fiction, the prominence of names and their potential impact on individual choices has been a recurring theme in literary works. From the iconic character of Colette in the novel "Gigi" by Colette (1944), to the thought-provoking explorations of identity in "The Namesake" by Lahiri (2003), literature has long underscored the significance of names in shaping personal narratives and by extension, potential political leanings.
It's safe to say that the influence of names on voting behavior is no child's play - but speaking of children, we cannot neglect the formative impact of popular culture on perceptions of names and their potential influence. Cartoons such as "The Powerpuff Girls" and children's shows like "Sesame Street" often feature characters with distinct names, inadvertently shaping young minds and potentially influencing their future political predispositions. It's a name game with political repercussions that transcends generations and animated worlds alike.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the relationship between the popularity of the first name Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Louisiana yielded some rather intriguing results. Our investigation uncovered a staggering correlation coefficient of 0.9420430, signifying a remarkably strong positive association between the two variables over the period of 1976 to 2020. This finding suggests that there may indeed be something more than just chance at play when it comes to the curious bond between a name and political support.
What did the statistician say to the lonely doctor? "You need to find a new paramour." Our results might just be the “paramour” of statistical inquiry – an unexpected connection waiting to be explored. The very thought of a name exerting such influence over the ballot box may lead us to wonder if other names harbor similar political prowess. Could it be the onomastic equivalent of a "red wave" or a "blue wave?"
The r-squared value of 0.8874451 suggests that a substantial proportion of the variation in Libertarian votes in Louisiana can be explained by the popularity of the name Colette. This statistical nugget elicits deeper contemplation into the potential mechanisms through which a name could exert its influence on political preferences. It seems Colette isn't just a name; it's a statistical force to be reckoned with, making its mark on the electorate's choices in the Pelican State.
The p-value of less than 0.01 further solidifies the robustness of the association and provides compelling evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no relationship between the popularity of the name Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Louisiana. It's safe to say that this finding possesses a level of significance that even the most discerning connoisseur of statistical intricacies would find hard to ignore. So, the next time you meet a Colette in Louisiana, you might just want to casually slip in a political query – after all, our findings suggest there might just be something noteworthy about the name.
Fig. 1 presents a scatterplot illustrating the striking correlation between the popularity of the name Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Louisiana. The visual representation highlights the compelling nature of the relationship, encapsulating decades of data in a single snapshot. It's almost like a chart-topping hit – but in the world of statistics and nomenclature.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The findings of this study have illuminated a fascinating and robust association between the popularity of the name Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Louisiana. The striking correlation coefficient of 0.9420430 not only aligns with the prior research conducted by Smith et al. (2015) and Doe (2017) but also extends our understanding of the intricate interplay between personal nomenclature and political preferences. It seems that Colette’s clout in shaping political inclinations in the Pelican State cannot be overstated. It looks like the name Colette has really made a "libertarian" impression on the electorate.

The inclusion of humorous anecdotes in the literature review was not mere levity; it was a recognition of the potential influence of popular culture, children’s programming, and literature on perceptions of names, an influence that has been confirmed by our results. As the economist named her first child "Marginal," we found that the popularity of the name Colette has had a far-from-marginal impact on the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate. It seems that the confluence of literature, pop culture, and statistics has led us to uncover a rather unexpected relationship.

Our current findings not only reaffirm the pioneering work of Smith et al. (2015) and Doe (2017) but also further our understanding of the potential influence of personal nomenclature on political choices. As "Freakonomics" by Levitt and Dubner (2005) suggests, sometimes seemingly unrelated variables are more intertwined than we realize. It seems that the unexpected links between a name's popularity and political preferences have borne fruit in our analysis of Colette's influence on libertarian votes in Louisiana.

Furthermore, our study has addressed the inherent complex relationship between personal names and societal phenomena, echoing the spirit of inquiry articulated by Silver (2012) in "The Signal and the Noise." It's evident that naming is far from arbitrary and can have a substantial impact on political inclinations, as illustrated by the significant r-squared value and the convincing p-value. This brings to mind the joke: Why was the statistician considered a "paramour" of the lonely doctor? Because we may have just found a new paramour of statistical inquiry in the form of the influential name Colette.

The significant association between the popularity of the name Colette and votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate not only merits attention from the research community but also raises intriguing questions about the influence of other names on political preferences. Could there be a "name wave" waiting to be uncovered? Our study serves as a reminder that a name may carry more political weight than initially presumed, akin to a chart-topping hit in the world of statistics and nomenclature.

In conclusion, our findings add depth to the evolving body of interdisciplinary research on the influence of personal nomenclature on societal phenomena. The influence of names on voting behavior is no whimsical matter but a potent force with far-reaching implications. The next time you meet a Colette in Louisiana, it might just be worth pondering the political undercurrents that accompany such a name. The name Colette seems to be more than just a name; it’s an influential variable in the political equation of the Pelican State.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Colette and Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Louisiana. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Colette in the Ballot Box: An Examination of the Relationship between the Name Popularity and Libertarian Votes in Louisiana

[[ABSTRACT]]
Colette, Colette, quite the vote! This paper delves into the fascinating correlation between the popularity of the first name Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in the state of Louisiana. Using data from the US Social Security Administration and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, this study spans the years 1976 to 2020 to uncover the underlying patterns in this seemingly peculiar relationship. Our analysis reveals a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9420430 and a p-value of less than 0.01, suggesting a robust and significant association between the two variables.

With a quip and a name, the association became clear. It's all in the name - or is it? The findings of this research not only shed light on the curious connection between a name's popularity and political preferences but also contribute to the growing body of interdisciplinary research that explores the influence of personal nomenclature on societal phenomena. So, the next time someone asks, "What's in a name?" - the answer might just be "political inclinations in the Pelican State."

[[INTRDUCTION]]
Imagine a world where the popularity of a name could sway political consciousness. Well, dear reader, it's not just a hypothetical musing; it's the curious reality we explore in this paper. Colette in the ballot box - a seemingly whimsical title that encapsulates our investigation into the intriguing relationship between the name popularity of Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in the vibrant state of Louisiana. As we embark on this academic odyssey, we will unravel the statistical layers behind this perplexing correlation and perhaps uncover some unexpected political insights along the way.
Why did the statistics professor bring a parrot to class? Because it was great at squawking about significance levels! In the realm of data exploration, our inquisitive minds often unearth patterns that transcend conventional wisdom, and this study is certainly no exception. By delving into decades of US Social Security Administration data and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, we aim to bring to light the potential influence of a name on the political preferences of the good people of Louisiana. And who knew a name could hold such sway over political leanings? It seems Colette might just be the name with the "vote" of approval.
Our quest for understanding leads us to the heart of statistical inquiry, where we uncover a correlation coefficient of 0.9420430 and a p-value that could make even the most skeptical statistician raise an eyebrow. This statistical marvel indicates a robust and significant association, with implications that may redefine the way we perceive the interconnectedness of personal nomenclature and political tendencies. After all, who knew that statistical significance and memorable names could make such an impactful pair?
Why was the statistics book sad? Because it had too many problems. In the realm of research, we encounter a myriad of conundrums, challenges, and unexpected discoveries. Our study unravels yet another enigma - the potential link between a name and political allegiance. We invite you to embark on this scholarly excursion as we uncover the statistical nuances behind Colette's political influence in the colorful landscape of Louisiana. Brace yourself for a journey filled with data, deliberation, and perhaps a few more name-related puns along the way. Let's uncover the statistical symphony behind Colette's influence in the political arena, one vote at a time.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the relationship between the popularity of the first name Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Louisiana yielded some rather intriguing results. Our investigation uncovered a staggering correlation coefficient of 0.9420430, signifying a remarkably strong positive association between the two variables over the period of 1976 to 2020. This finding suggests that there may indeed be something more than just chance at play when it comes to the curious bond between a name and political support.
What did the statistician say to the lonely doctor? "You need to find a new paramour." Our results might just be the “paramour” of statistical inquiry – an unexpected connection waiting to be explored. The very thought of a name exerting such influence over the ballot box may lead us to wonder if other names harbor similar political prowess. Could it be the onomastic equivalent of a "red wave" or a "blue wave?"
The r-squared value of 0.8874451 suggests that a substantial proportion of the variation in Libertarian votes in Louisiana can be explained by the popularity of the name Colette. This statistical nugget elicits deeper contemplation into the potential mechanisms through which a name could exert its influence on political preferences. It seems Colette isn't just a name; it's a statistical force to be reckoned with, making its mark on the electorate's choices in the Pelican State.
The p-value of less than 0.01 further solidifies the robustness of the association and provides compelling evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no relationship between the popularity of the name Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Louisiana. It's safe to say that this finding possesses a level of significance that even the most discerning connoisseur of statistical intricacies would find hard to ignore. So, the next time you meet a Colette in Louisiana, you might just want to casually slip in a political query – after all, our findings suggest there might just be something noteworthy about the name.
Fig. 1 presents a scatterplot illustrating the striking correlation between the popularity of the name Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Louisiana. The visual representation highlights the compelling nature of the relationship, encapsulating decades of data in a single snapshot. It's almost like a chart-topping hit – but in the world of statistics and nomenclature.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our research has revealed a compelling and substantial association between the popularity of the first name Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Louisiana. The correlation coefficient of 0.9420430 and the astonishingly low p-value have left us in awe of the impact that a name can have on political leanings. It appears that Colette's influence extends beyond mere nomenclature, making a significant mark on the electoral landscape of the Pelican State.

As we wrap up, we can't help but ponder - is there a "liberal libertarianism" at play here, or is it simply an onomastic anomaly? It seems that Colette's popularity may indeed sway the electorate, proving that in the world of statistics, even names can carry weight – both figuratively and numerically.

We firmly assert that no fur-ther research is needed in this area.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Colette in the Ballot Box: An Examination of the Relationship between the Name Popularity and Libertarian Votes in Louisiana. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Quirky Political Analysis


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Colette in the Ballot Box: An Examination of the Relationship between the Name Popularity and Libertarian Votes in Louisiana. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Center for Name Recognition and Political Choice (CNRPC)


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Colette in the Ballot Box: An Examination of the Relationship between the Name Popularity and Libertarian Votes in Louisiana with an abstract of Colette, Colette, quite the vote! This paper delves into the fascinating correlation between the popularity of the first name Colette and the votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in the state of Louisiana. Using data from the US Social Security Administration and the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, this study spans the years 1976 to 2020 to uncover the underlying patterns in this seemingly peculiar relationship. Our analysis reveals a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9420430 and a p-value of less than 0.01, suggesting a robust and significant association between the two variables.
With a quip and a name, the association became clear. It's all in the name - or is it? The findings of this research not only shed light on the curious connection between a name's popularity and political preferences but also contribute to the growing body of interdisciplinary research that explores the influence of personal nomenclature on societal phenomena. So, the next time someone asks, "What's in a name?" - the answer might just be "political inclinations in the Pelican State.

ChatGPT:

Colette, name popularity, Libertarian votes, Louisiana, correlation, US Social Security Administration, MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, political preferences, personal nomenclature, interdisciplinary research, influence of names, societal phenomena, Pelican State

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

Popularity of the first name Colette
Detailed data title: Babies of all sexes born in the US named Colette
Source: US Social Security Administration
See what else correlates with Popularity of the first name Colette

Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Louisiana
Detailed data title: Percentage of all votes cast for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Louisiana
Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse
See what else correlates with Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Louisiana

Correlation r = 0.9420430 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.8874451 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 88.7% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Louisiana) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Popularity of the first name Colette) over the 11 years from 1976 through 2020.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 1.5E-5. 0.0000146202350011114400000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.94 in 0.0015% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 68,398 random variables You don't actually need 68 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 10 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 10 because we have two variables measured over a period of 11 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.79, 0.99 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
19761980198419881992199620002004201220162020
Popularity of the first name Colette (Babies born)191190196155125159182154426675568
Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Louisiana (Percentage of votes)0.2453450.5320970.1099120.2527330.1762550.4203570.1671330.1431210.9105521.871731.00765




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,237 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 636,906,169 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([191,190,196,155,125,159,182,154,426,675,568,])
array_2 = np.array([0.245345,0.532097,0.109912,0.252733,0.176255,0.420357,0.167133,0.143121,0.910552,1.87173,1.00765,])
array_1_name = "Popularity of the first name Colette"
array_2_name = "Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Louisiana"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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Correlation ID: 5566 · Black Variable ID: 3955 · Red Variable ID: 26104
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