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Spurious correlation #5,088 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Popularity of the first name Jarrett and the second variable is Air pollution in Atlanta.  The chart goes from 1980 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

Fewer people were Jarring the air with their presence. This led to a cleaner and fresher environment, as there was a significant reduction in hot air being expelled. Additionally, with less smog in the air, it seems the name 'Jarrett' was no longer top of the smog charts, leading to a breath of fresh air for Atlanta.

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image that depicts a futuristic, serene Atlanta neighborhood with a notable absence of individuals named Jarrett. Show the streets lined with sleek, energy-efficient buildings and lush, vibrant greenery. The air should exude a sense of freshness and cleanliness, with the absence of smog allowing a clear, blue sky to dominate the horizon. The scene should evoke a feeling of calm and rejuvenation, emphasizing the positive impact of fewer Jarretts on the air quality. Capture the blend of futuristic architecture and natural beauty to convey a tranquil, utopian atmosphere. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Popularity of the first name Jarrett and Air pollution in Atlanta. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Futuristic A scene from Skyrim Voxel art Voxel art Celtic art
ChatGPT: Futuristic

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Popularity of the first name Jarrett and Air pollution in Atlanta, in the following situation: Fewer people were Jarring the air with their presence. This led to a cleaner and fresher environment, as there was a significant reduction in hot air being expelled. Additionally, with less smog in the air, it seems the name 'Jarrett' was no longer top of the smog charts, leading to a breath of fresh air for Atlanta.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a quiet Atlanta neighborhood, fewer people named Jarrett were seen walking the streets. As a result, the air felt fresher and cleaner, with less smog hanging in the sky. The absence of Jarretts seemed to have a positive impact on air quality, creating a breath of fresh air for the city.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Futuristic ] and depicting this scene: In a quiet Atlanta neighborhood, fewer people named Jarrett were seen walking the streets. As a result, the air felt fresher and cleaner, with less smog hanging in the sky. The absence of Jarretts seemed to have a positive impact on air quality, creating a breath of fresh air for the city. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image that depicts a futuristic, serene Atlanta neighborhood with a notable absence of individuals named Jarrett. Show the streets lined with sleek, energy-efficient buildings and lush, vibrant greenery. The air should exude a sense of freshness and cleanliness, with the absence of smog allowing a clear, blue sky to dominate the horizon. The scene should evoke a feeling of calm and rejuvenation, emphasizing the positive impact of fewer Jarretts on the air quality. Capture the blend of futuristic architecture and natural beauty to convey a tranquil, utopian atmosphere.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how a decrease in Popularity of the first name Jarrett caused Air pollution in Atlanta to decrease. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Breath of Fresh Jarrett: Exploring the Correlation Between Name Popularity and Air Quality in Atlanta

Journal of Quirky Research

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Jarrett and Air pollution in Atlanta. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Make the title punny if you can come up with clever pun. If not, just make it sound clever.

Your research team used data from US Social Security Administration and Environmental Protection Agency to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.8103731 and p < 0.01 for 1980 to 2022.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
Breath of Fresh Jarrett: Exploring the Correlation Between Name Popularity and Air Quality in Atlanta

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we investigate the peculiar relationship between the popularity of the first name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in the city of Atlanta. Leveraging data from the US Social Security Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency, we set out to answer the burning question: does the prevalence of the name "Jarrett" coincide with changes in air quality? With a clever blend of statistical analysis and a touch of whimsy, we unveil some surprising findings.

Our research team uncovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8103731 and a significantly minuscule p-value of less than 0.01 when examining the period from 1980 to 2022. The results suggest a compelling connection between the popularity of the name "Jarrett" and fluctuations in air pollution in Atlanta. It seems that when it comes to air quality, there's more to this name than meets the eye – or should we say, "nose"?

Through our data-driven endeavor, we hope to shed light on this unusual link and bring a breath of fresh air to the world of statistical research. Our findings not only highlight the importance of considering all potential factors in environmental research but also add a whimsical twist to the age-old question, "What's in a name?" Perhaps, in the case of "Jarrett," the answer may very well be, "a surprising tie to air quality in Atlanta."


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Jarrett and Air pollution in Atlanta. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Breath of Fresh Jarrett: Exploring the Correlation Between Name Popularity and Air Quality in Atlanta

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we investigate the peculiar relationship between the popularity of the first name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in the city of Atlanta. Leveraging data from the US Social Security Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency, we set out to answer the burning question: does the prevalence of the name "Jarrett" coincide with changes in air quality? With a clever blend of statistical analysis and a touch of whimsy, we unveil some surprising findings.

Our research team uncovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8103731 and a significantly minuscule p-value of less than 0.01 when examining the period from 1980 to 2022. The results suggest a compelling connection between the popularity of the name "Jarrett" and fluctuations in air pollution in Atlanta. It seems that when it comes to air quality, there's more to this name than meets the eye – or should we say, "nose"?

Through our data-driven endeavor, we hope to shed light on this unusual link and bring a breath of fresh air to the world of statistical research. Our findings not only highlight the importance of considering all potential factors in environmental research but also add a whimsical twist to the age-old question, "What's in a name?" Perhaps, in the case of "Jarrett," the answer may very well be, "a surprising tie to air quality in Atlanta."

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

Take a deep breath, for we are about to embark on a journey that merges the realms of nomenclature and environmental science. We all know the saying, "What's in a name?" – well, it seems in the case of "Jarrett," the answer might just be "air pollution levels in Atlanta!" Maybe we should start calling it "Air-it" instead of "Jarrett." (Pardon the pun, I just can't resist a good dad joke!)

The connection between names and various societal phenomena has long intrigued researchers, often leading to unexpected and amusing discoveries. In this study, we delve into the correlation between the popularity of the first name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in Atlanta. While at first glance, the two may seem as unrelated as a fish riding a bicycle, our findings suggest otherwise.

Some may be puzzled by the thought that a simple personal name could have any bearing on the air quality of a metropolitan area. Yet, as we delve into the data, a clearer picture emerges, and like a game of Clue, the name "Jarrett" emerges as a surprising suspect in the case of Atlanta's air pollution levels – "It was Jarrett, in the city, with the pollution!" (Okay, I might have taken my enthusiasm for puns a bit too far.)

Our research, blending the seriousness of statistical analysis with the lightheartedness of unexpected correlations, aims to unravel this peculiar connection and potentially unveil a hidden force at play. So, fasten your seatbelts, channel your inner Sherlock Holmes, and get ready to uncover the intriguing relationship between a name and the very air we breathe. Who knows, by the end of this exploration, you may find yourself pondering, "Is Jarrett a breath of fresh air, or is it causing a stink in Atlanta?"


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Jarrett and Air pollution in Atlanta. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name some movies that you watched that are tangentially related to the topic.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Breath of Fresh Jarrett: Exploring the Correlation Between Name Popularity and Air Quality in Atlanta

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we investigate the peculiar relationship between the popularity of the first name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in the city of Atlanta. Leveraging data from the US Social Security Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency, we set out to answer the burning question: does the prevalence of the name "Jarrett" coincide with changes in air quality? With a clever blend of statistical analysis and a touch of whimsy, we unveil some surprising findings.

Our research team uncovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8103731 and a significantly minuscule p-value of less than 0.01 when examining the period from 1980 to 2022. The results suggest a compelling connection between the popularity of the name "Jarrett" and fluctuations in air pollution in Atlanta. It seems that when it comes to air quality, there's more to this name than meets the eye – or should we say, "nose"?

Through our data-driven endeavor, we hope to shed light on this unusual link and bring a breath of fresh air to the world of statistical research. Our findings not only highlight the importance of considering all potential factors in environmental research but also add a whimsical twist to the age-old question, "What's in a name?" Perhaps, in the case of "Jarrett," the answer may very well be, "a surprising tie to air quality in Atlanta."

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
Take a deep breath, for we are about to embark on a journey that merges the realms of nomenclature and environmental science. We all know the saying, "What's in a name?" – well, it seems in the case of "Jarrett," the answer might just be "air pollution levels in Atlanta!" Maybe we should start calling it "Air-it" instead of "Jarrett." (Pardon the pun, I just can't resist a good dad joke!)
The connection between names and various societal phenomena has long intrigued researchers, often leading to unexpected and amusing discoveries. In this study, we delve into the correlation between the popularity of the first name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in Atlanta. While at first glance, the two may seem as unrelated as a fish riding a bicycle, our findings suggest otherwise.
Some may be puzzled by the thought that a simple personal name could have any bearing on the air quality of a metropolitan area. Yet, as we delve into the data, a clearer picture emerges, and like a game of Clue, the name "Jarrett" emerges as a surprising suspect in the case of Atlanta's air pollution levels – "It was Jarrett, in the city, with the pollution!" (Okay, I might have taken my enthusiasm for puns a bit too far.)
Our research, blending the seriousness of statistical analysis with the lightheartedness of unexpected correlations, aims to unravel this peculiar connection and potentially unveil a hidden force at play. So, fasten your seatbelts, channel your inner Sherlock Holmes, and get ready to uncover the intriguing relationship between a name and the very air we breathe. Who knows, by the end of this exploration, you may find yourself pondering, "Is Jarrett a breath of fresh air, or is it causing a stink in Atlanta?"

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

Smith and Doe (2010) examined the societal implications of naming trends and found that names can have far-reaching effects on various aspects of life, from career paths to even the likelihood of being swiped right on dating apps. However, their study did not explore the potential connection between names and environmental factors, leaving a gap in the literature that our research aims to fill. This oversight is a real "nose"-sense, isn't it? (I promise, the puns will never stop!)

In "The Name Game" by Laurence Urdang, the author explores the cultural significance and trends in naming practices, offering a glimpse into the intriguing world of nomenclature. While Urdang's work does not directly address environmental factors, it does provide insight into the nuanced layers of meaning embedded in names, raising the tantalizing possibility that a name like "Jarrett" may carry more weight than meets the "eye-r" (get it?).

On a slightly whimsical note, J.K. Rowling's "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets" includes a subplot involving the mystical effects of a character's name on their destiny. While the parallels to our own research may seem far-fetched (pun intended!), the idea of a name holding unexpected power and influence resonates with our exploration of the link between "Jarrett" and air quality.

Furthermore, the film "The Princess Bride" illustrates the significance of names in creating lasting impressions, with the character Inigo Montoya's iconic line, "Hello. My name is Inigo Montoya. You killed my father. Prepare to die." If a name can carry such weight in a revenge quest, could it also have a role in shaping environmental conditions? It's a stretch, but hey, we're venturing into uncharted territory here!

Jones (2015) delved into statistical methods for identifying unusual correlations in data, highlighting the importance of considering unexpected variables in research. Now, dear reader, our study may just be the epitome of an "unusual correlation," and we are embracing Jones's advice to venture into the realm of the unexpected. Who knew that statistical analysis could lead us to the curious case of "Jarrett" and air pollution?

In "Freakonomics" by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner, the authors uncover surprising and unconventional linkages between seemingly unrelated factors. While our study may not be as controversial as the revelation of baby names influencing academic success, it does share the flavor of unearthing the unexpected in the most unlikely of places – just like finding a correlation between a name and air quality levels.

So, as we wade through the literature to contextualize our study, it becomes clear that our investigation into the relationship between the popularity of the name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in Atlanta is not just a flight of fancy but a data-driven, pun-filled quest for understanding. With these diverse perspectives in mind, we now turn to the findings that have tickled our sense of curiosity and whisked us away into the whimsical world of "Jarrett" and air quality in Atlanta.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Jarrett and Air pollution in Atlanta. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from US Social Security Administration and Environmental Protection Agency . You used data from 1980 to 2022

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Breath of Fresh Jarrett: Exploring the Correlation Between Name Popularity and Air Quality in Atlanta

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we investigate the peculiar relationship between the popularity of the first name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in the city of Atlanta. Leveraging data from the US Social Security Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency, we set out to answer the burning question: does the prevalence of the name "Jarrett" coincide with changes in air quality? With a clever blend of statistical analysis and a touch of whimsy, we unveil some surprising findings.

Our research team uncovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8103731 and a significantly minuscule p-value of less than 0.01 when examining the period from 1980 to 2022. The results suggest a compelling connection between the popularity of the name "Jarrett" and fluctuations in air pollution in Atlanta. It seems that when it comes to air quality, there's more to this name than meets the eye – or should we say, "nose"?

Through our data-driven endeavor, we hope to shed light on this unusual link and bring a breath of fresh air to the world of statistical research. Our findings not only highlight the importance of considering all potential factors in environmental research but also add a whimsical twist to the age-old question, "What's in a name?" Perhaps, in the case of "Jarrett," the answer may very well be, "a surprising tie to air quality in Atlanta."

[[INTRODUCTION]]
Take a deep breath, for we are about to embark on a journey that merges the realms of nomenclature and environmental science. We all know the saying, "What's in a name?" – well, it seems in the case of "Jarrett," the answer might just be "air pollution levels in Atlanta!" Maybe we should start calling it "Air-it" instead of "Jarrett." (Pardon the pun, I just can't resist a good dad joke!)
The connection between names and various societal phenomena has long intrigued researchers, often leading to unexpected and amusing discoveries. In this study, we delve into the correlation between the popularity of the first name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in Atlanta. While at first glance, the two may seem as unrelated as a fish riding a bicycle, our findings suggest otherwise.
Some may be puzzled by the thought that a simple personal name could have any bearing on the air quality of a metropolitan area. Yet, as we delve into the data, a clearer picture emerges, and like a game of Clue, the name "Jarrett" emerges as a surprising suspect in the case of Atlanta's air pollution levels – "It was Jarrett, in the city, with the pollution!" (Okay, I might have taken my enthusiasm for puns a bit too far.)
Our research, blending the seriousness of statistical analysis with the lightheartedness of unexpected correlations, aims to unravel this peculiar connection and potentially unveil a hidden force at play. So, fasten your seatbelts, channel your inner Sherlock Holmes, and get ready to uncover the intriguing relationship between a name and the very air we breathe. Who knows, by the end of this exploration, you may find yourself pondering, "Is Jarrett a breath of fresh air, or is it causing a stink in Atlanta?"

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

Now, let's peel back the layers and reveal the inner workings of our peculiar yet captivating methodology. Our research team undertook a nuanced approach to unravel the enigma surrounding the relationship between the name "Jarrett" and air pollution in Atlanta. We strove to maintain scientific rigor while injecting a dash of whimsy into our process – after all, what's research without a sprinkle of fun?

To kick off our unconventional odyssey, we embarked on a quest to gather data from the annals of the US Social Security Administration, scouring through decades of name popularity records with the fervor of a treasure hunter seeking hidden troves of linguistic gold. As we sifted through the data, we couldn't help but hum the tune of "Jarrett's Theme," a melody composed of statistical significance and a touch of name-based intrigue.

Once armed with a wealth of "Jarrett" moniker statistics, we turned our gaze towards the ever-watchful Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for a glimpse into Atlanta's atmospheric conditions. Our intrepid team combed through air quality measurements with the vigilance of seasoned detectives hot on the trail of a mysterious culprit. It was a bit like searching for a needle in a haystack of air particles, but with each precise measurement, we felt a step closer to untangling the enigmatic bond between a name and a city's breathability.

Now, here comes the twist – our methodological masterpiece incorporates a groundbreaking technique aptly named "Phonetic Air Monitoring." Picture this: we constructed a phonetic algorithm to detect subtle shifts in air quality whenever the name "Jarrett" reverberated in the atmosphere. It's akin to having a linguistic weather forecast but with name popularity as the leading indicator. We meticulously analyzed the phonetic resonance of "Jarrett" against air pollution data, navigating through a symphony of vowels and consonants to unearth potential correlations.

Additionally, we employed a method known as "Temporal Naming Regression," a scientific dance that involves synchronizing temporal patterns of name popularity with temporal variations in air quality levels. To put it simply, we fused the ebb and flow of "Jarrett's" prominence with the undulating waves of atmospheric pollutants, akin to a statistical tango performed on the grand stage of academic inquiry.

Furthermore, for the sake of keeping our exploration grounded in empirical evidence, we also conducted a spatial analysis, scrutinizing the geographic distribution of "Jarretts" alongside air pollution hotspots in Atlanta. In a way, we set out to map a cartography of names and noxious particles, drawing unlikely connections across the cityscape with the precision of a calligrapher wielding an ink-dipped statistical brush.

Alas, armed with these unconventional yet potent methodologies, we ventured to unpack the confounding connection between the name "Jarrett" and the atmospheric tapestry of Atlanta. While our approach may have been out of the ordinary, it was through these inventive means that we sought to breathe life into the realm of statistical inquiry, unveiling the unexpected with each twist and turn.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Jarrett and Air pollution in Atlanta. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from US Social Security Administration and Environmental Protection Agency .

For the time period 1980 to 2022, you found a correlation 0.8103731, r-squared of 0.6567045, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Breath of Fresh Jarrett: Exploring the Correlation Between Name Popularity and Air Quality in Atlanta

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we investigate the peculiar relationship between the popularity of the first name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in the city of Atlanta. Leveraging data from the US Social Security Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency, we set out to answer the burning question: does the prevalence of the name "Jarrett" coincide with changes in air quality? With a clever blend of statistical analysis and a touch of whimsy, we unveil some surprising findings.

Our research team uncovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8103731 and a significantly minuscule p-value of less than 0.01 when examining the period from 1980 to 2022. The results suggest a compelling connection between the popularity of the name "Jarrett" and fluctuations in air pollution in Atlanta. It seems that when it comes to air quality, there's more to this name than meets the eye – or should we say, "nose"?

Through our data-driven endeavor, we hope to shed light on this unusual link and bring a breath of fresh air to the world of statistical research. Our findings not only highlight the importance of considering all potential factors in environmental research but also add a whimsical twist to the age-old question, "What's in a name?" Perhaps, in the case of "Jarrett," the answer may very well be, "a surprising tie to air quality in Atlanta."

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
Take a deep breath, for we are about to embark on a journey that merges the realms of nomenclature and environmental science. We all know the saying, "What's in a name?" – well, it seems in the case of "Jarrett," the answer might just be "air pollution levels in Atlanta!" Maybe we should start calling it "Air-it" instead of "Jarrett." (Pardon the pun, I just can't resist a good dad joke!)
The connection between names and various societal phenomena has long intrigued researchers, often leading to unexpected and amusing discoveries. In this study, we delve into the correlation between the popularity of the first name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in Atlanta. While at first glance, the two may seem as unrelated as a fish riding a bicycle, our findings suggest otherwise.
Some may be puzzled by the thought that a simple personal name could have any bearing on the air quality of a metropolitan area. Yet, as we delve into the data, a clearer picture emerges, and like a game of Clue, the name "Jarrett" emerges as a surprising suspect in the case of Atlanta's air pollution levels – "It was Jarrett, in the city, with the pollution!" (Okay, I might have taken my enthusiasm for puns a bit too far.)
Our research, blending the seriousness of statistical analysis with the lightheartedness of unexpected correlations, aims to unravel this peculiar connection and potentially unveil a hidden force at play. So, fasten your seatbelts, channel your inner Sherlock Holmes, and get ready to uncover the intriguing relationship between a name and the very air we breathe. Who knows, by the end of this exploration, you may find yourself pondering, "Is Jarrett a breath of fresh air, or is it causing a stink in Atlanta?"

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

We found a remarkably strong correlation coefficient of 0.8103731 between the popularity of the first name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in Atlanta from 1980 to 2022. This significant correlation is akin to finding a needle in a haystack – or perhaps, in this case, an air filter in a sea of smog. (Okay, I promise that's the last air quality pun, for now!)

Accompanying this impressive correlation is an r-squared value of 0.6567045, indicating that a substantial proportion of the variability in air pollution levels can be explained by the popularity of the name "Jarrett." It's as if the name itself carries a little cloud of statistical influence wherever it goes – talk about leaving a mark on the data!

Furthermore, with a p-value of less than 0.01, our findings are statistically robust and suggest that the connection between the name "Jarrett" and air pollution in Atlanta is not a mere coincidence. It's a partnership as strong as peanut butter and jelly, except in this case, it's exhaust fumes and a popular moniker.

Figure 1 displays a scatterplot that visually captures the compelling relationship between the popularity of the name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in Atlanta. The plot paints a picture worth a thousand words, revealing a clear trend that would make even the most seasoned statistician raise an eyebrow in surprise. Who knew a name could hold so much atmospheric significance?

These results not only puzzle the mind but also tickle the funny bone, raising the question: "What's in a name, really?" In this case, it seems the answer may be "a curious connection to the air we breathe in Atlanta," proving that even in the world of statistical analysis, there's always room for a bit of whimsy and wonder.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Jarrett and Air pollution in Atlanta. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Breath of Fresh Jarrett: Exploring the Correlation Between Name Popularity and Air Quality in Atlanta

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we investigate the peculiar relationship between the popularity of the first name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in the city of Atlanta. Leveraging data from the US Social Security Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency, we set out to answer the burning question: does the prevalence of the name "Jarrett" coincide with changes in air quality? With a clever blend of statistical analysis and a touch of whimsy, we unveil some surprising findings.

Our research team uncovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8103731 and a significantly minuscule p-value of less than 0.01 when examining the period from 1980 to 2022. The results suggest a compelling connection between the popularity of the name "Jarrett" and fluctuations in air pollution in Atlanta. It seems that when it comes to air quality, there's more to this name than meets the eye – or should we say, "nose"?

Through our data-driven endeavor, we hope to shed light on this unusual link and bring a breath of fresh air to the world of statistical research. Our findings not only highlight the importance of considering all potential factors in environmental research but also add a whimsical twist to the age-old question, "What's in a name?" Perhaps, in the case of "Jarrett," the answer may very well be, "a surprising tie to air quality in Atlanta."

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
Smith and Doe (2010) examined the societal implications of naming trends and found that names can have far-reaching effects on various aspects of life, from career paths to even the likelihood of being swiped right on dating apps. However, their study did not explore the potential connection between names and environmental factors, leaving a gap in the literature that our research aims to fill. This oversight is a real "nose"-sense, isn't it? (I promise, the puns will never stop!)
In "The Name Game" by Laurence Urdang, the author explores the cultural significance and trends in naming practices, offering a glimpse into the intriguing world of nomenclature. While Urdang's work does not directly address environmental factors, it does provide insight into the nuanced layers of meaning embedded in names, raising the tantalizing possibility that a name like "Jarrett" may carry more weight than meets the "eye-r" (get it?).
On a slightly whimsical note, J.K. Rowling's "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets" includes a subplot involving the mystical effects of a character's name on their destiny. While the parallels to our own research may seem far-fetched (pun intended!), the idea of a name holding unexpected power and influence resonates with our exploration of the link between "Jarrett" and air quality.
Furthermore, the film "The Princess Bride" illustrates the significance of names in creating lasting impressions, with the character Inigo Montoya's iconic line, "Hello. My name is Inigo Montoya. You killed my father. Prepare to die." If a name can carry such weight in a revenge quest, could it also have a role in shaping environmental conditions? It's a stretch, but hey, we're venturing into uncharted territory here!
Jones (2015) delved into statistical methods for identifying unusual correlations in data, highlighting the importance of considering unexpected variables in research. Now, dear reader, our study may just be the epitome of an "unusual correlation," and we are embracing Jones's advice to venture into the realm of the unexpected. Who knew that statistical analysis could lead us to the curious case of "Jarrett" and air pollution?
In "Freakonomics" by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner, the authors uncover surprising and unconventional linkages between seemingly unrelated factors. While our study may not be as controversial as the revelation of baby names influencing academic success, it does share the flavor of unearthing the unexpected in the most unlikely of places – just like finding a correlation between a name and air quality levels.
So, as we wade through the literature to contextualize our study, it becomes clear that our investigation into the relationship between the popularity of the name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in Atlanta is not just a flight of fancy but a data-driven, pun-filled quest for understanding. With these diverse perspectives in mind, we now turn to the findings that have tickled our sense of curiosity and whisked us away into the whimsical world of "Jarrett" and air quality in Atlanta.

[[RESULTS]]
We found a remarkably strong correlation coefficient of 0.8103731 between the popularity of the first name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in Atlanta from 1980 to 2022. This significant correlation is akin to finding a needle in a haystack – or perhaps, in this case, an air filter in a sea of smog. (Okay, I promise that's the last air quality pun, for now!)
Accompanying this impressive correlation is an r-squared value of 0.6567045, indicating that a substantial proportion of the variability in air pollution levels can be explained by the popularity of the name "Jarrett." It's as if the name itself carries a little cloud of statistical influence wherever it goes – talk about leaving a mark on the data!
Furthermore, with a p-value of less than 0.01, our findings are statistically robust and suggest that the connection between the name "Jarrett" and air pollution in Atlanta is not a mere coincidence. It's a partnership as strong as peanut butter and jelly, except in this case, it's exhaust fumes and a popular moniker.
Figure 1 displays a scatterplot that visually captures the compelling relationship between the popularity of the name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in Atlanta. The plot paints a picture worth a thousand words, revealing a clear trend that would make even the most seasoned statistician raise an eyebrow in surprise. Who knew a name could hold so much atmospheric significance?
These results not only puzzle the mind but also tickle the funny bone, raising the question: "What's in a name, really?" In this case, it seems the answer may be "a curious connection to the air we breathe in Atlanta," proving that even in the world of statistical analysis, there's always room for a bit of whimsy and wonder.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our study has unveiled a truly astonishing connection between the popularity of the first name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in Atlanta. The correlation coefficient of 0.8103731 not only surpasses our expectations but also adds a breath of fresh air to the field of statistical research. It appears that the name "Jarrett" is not merely a label but a significant predictor of air quality in the Atlanta area, leaving us to ponder: is the air pollution in Atlanta simply a case of "Jarr"-ing reality?

Our findings lend empirical support to the lighthearted yet thought-provoking study by Smith and Doe (2010), as they observed the societal implications of naming trends. It seems that a name can indeed influence not just personal outcomes but also environmental conditions. Just as a rose by any other name would smell as sweet, it appears that a "Jarrett" by any other name might still be linked to air pollution in Atlanta. The bard himself would surely appreciate this "nose"-worthy twist.

Delving further into the whimsical world of nomenclature, our study reinforces the overlooked insight from Laurence Urdang's "The Name Game" that names carry multifaceted meanings. Our correlation study demonstrates that a name can transcend its identity to become an unexpected descriptor of environmental phenomena, leaving us to ponder the true essence of a name. Perhaps a name is not just a label but an atmospheric influencer—now that's a "gust"-y idea!

An unexpected twist, reminiscent of J.K. Rowling's fantastical connotations, emerges as our findings mirror the underlying power of a name to influence destinies, albeit in a different context. As we contemplate the link between "Jarrett" and air pollution in Atlanta, it seems that there is indeed a touch of magic in statistical analysis. Who would have thought that a statistical quest would lead us to a name-based alliance with the elements?

In the spirit of embracing innovative statistical methods, our study resonates with Jones's (2015) call to explore unusual correlations in data. Indeed, our research embodies the epitome of an unexpected correlation, akin to the unpredictable twists found in Levitt and Dubner's "Freakonomics." Just as they uncovered surprising engagements between unrelated factors, so too does our study unveil a delightful fusion of a name and air quality. It's almost like finding a hidden treasure chest in a sea of seemingly unrelated data points—a breath of fresh statistical air, if you will!

In closing, our study not only adds an enlivening touch of whimsy to the realm of environmental research but also reminds us of the often-unseen influences that permeate our surroundings. The curious connection between the name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in Atlanta presents a captivating narrative, one that speaks to the unpredictable surprises found in the unparalleled depths of statistical analysis. While our results may prompt a chuckle, they also prod us to ponder the profound influence of the seemingly trivial, leaving us to wonder: does a name truly carry more weight than we ever thought possible? It seems, at least in the case of "Jarrett," the answer is a resounding "yes."


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Jarrett and Air pollution in Atlanta. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Breath of Fresh Jarrett: Exploring the Correlation Between Name Popularity and Air Quality in Atlanta

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we investigate the peculiar relationship between the popularity of the first name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in the city of Atlanta. Leveraging data from the US Social Security Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency, we set out to answer the burning question: does the prevalence of the name "Jarrett" coincide with changes in air quality? With a clever blend of statistical analysis and a touch of whimsy, we unveil some surprising findings.

Our research team uncovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8103731 and a significantly minuscule p-value of less than 0.01 when examining the period from 1980 to 2022. The results suggest a compelling connection between the popularity of the name "Jarrett" and fluctuations in air pollution in Atlanta. It seems that when it comes to air quality, there's more to this name than meets the eye – or should we say, "nose"?

Through our data-driven endeavor, we hope to shed light on this unusual link and bring a breath of fresh air to the world of statistical research. Our findings not only highlight the importance of considering all potential factors in environmental research but also add a whimsical twist to the age-old question, "What's in a name?" Perhaps, in the case of "Jarrett," the answer may very well be, "a surprising tie to air quality in Atlanta."

[[INTRDUCTION]]
Take a deep breath, for we are about to embark on a journey that merges the realms of nomenclature and environmental science. We all know the saying, "What's in a name?" – well, it seems in the case of "Jarrett," the answer might just be "air pollution levels in Atlanta!" Maybe we should start calling it "Air-it" instead of "Jarrett." (Pardon the pun, I just can't resist a good dad joke!)
The connection between names and various societal phenomena has long intrigued researchers, often leading to unexpected and amusing discoveries. In this study, we delve into the correlation between the popularity of the first name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in Atlanta. While at first glance, the two may seem as unrelated as a fish riding a bicycle, our findings suggest otherwise.
Some may be puzzled by the thought that a simple personal name could have any bearing on the air quality of a metropolitan area. Yet, as we delve into the data, a clearer picture emerges, and like a game of Clue, the name "Jarrett" emerges as a surprising suspect in the case of Atlanta's air pollution levels – "It was Jarrett, in the city, with the pollution!" (Okay, I might have taken my enthusiasm for puns a bit too far.)
Our research, blending the seriousness of statistical analysis with the lightheartedness of unexpected correlations, aims to unravel this peculiar connection and potentially unveil a hidden force at play. So, fasten your seatbelts, channel your inner Sherlock Holmes, and get ready to uncover the intriguing relationship between a name and the very air we breathe. Who knows, by the end of this exploration, you may find yourself pondering, "Is Jarrett a breath of fresh air, or is it causing a stink in Atlanta?"

[[RESULTS]]
We found a remarkably strong correlation coefficient of 0.8103731 between the popularity of the first name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in Atlanta from 1980 to 2022. This significant correlation is akin to finding a needle in a haystack – or perhaps, in this case, an air filter in a sea of smog. (Okay, I promise that's the last air quality pun, for now!)
Accompanying this impressive correlation is an r-squared value of 0.6567045, indicating that a substantial proportion of the variability in air pollution levels can be explained by the popularity of the name "Jarrett." It's as if the name itself carries a little cloud of statistical influence wherever it goes – talk about leaving a mark on the data!
Furthermore, with a p-value of less than 0.01, our findings are statistically robust and suggest that the connection between the name "Jarrett" and air pollution in Atlanta is not a mere coincidence. It's a partnership as strong as peanut butter and jelly, except in this case, it's exhaust fumes and a popular moniker.
Figure 1 displays a scatterplot that visually captures the compelling relationship between the popularity of the name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in Atlanta. The plot paints a picture worth a thousand words, revealing a clear trend that would make even the most seasoned statistician raise an eyebrow in surprise. Who knew a name could hold so much atmospheric significance?
These results not only puzzle the mind but also tickle the funny bone, raising the question: "What's in a name, really?" In this case, it seems the answer may be "a curious connection to the air we breathe in Atlanta," proving that even in the world of statistical analysis, there's always room for a bit of whimsy and wonder.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our study uncovers a remarkable and unexpected association between the popularity of the name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in Atlanta. It appears that this seemingly ordinary name has an extraordinary impact on the city's air quality, functioning as a sort of "air-quality barometer" reflecting the ebb and flow of pollution levels. It's like Jarrett is saying, "breathe in, breathe out, the air quality's all about!" (I promise, I'll see myself out after that one.)

These findings not only provide a quirky twist to the age-old question of "What's in a name?" but also offer a unique avenue for exploring environmental influences beyond conventional factors. It's as if Jarrett's popularity is stirring the winds of change, or should I say, the winds of pollution. (I promise, that's the last one – okay, maybe.)

With a correlation coefficient of 0.8103731 and a p-value of less than 0.01, the statistical evidence is as clear as the air on a windy day – the connection between the name "Jarrett" and air pollution in Atlanta is as solid as a rock, or should I say, as solid as a particulate matter in the atmosphere.

It's evident that no further research is needed in this area; we've already uncovered a comedic goldmine. That air-y good data suggests it’s time we let this study take flight and breathe a sigh of relief.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Breath of Fresh Jarrett: Exploring the Correlation Between Name Popularity and Air Quality in Atlanta. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

Journal of Quirky Research


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Breath of Fresh Jarrett: Exploring the Correlation Between Name Popularity and Air Quality in Atlanta. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Air Quality and Name Correlation Studies


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Breath of Fresh Jarrett: Exploring the Correlation Between Name Popularity and Air Quality in Atlanta with an abstract of In this study, we investigate the peculiar relationship between the popularity of the first name "Jarrett" and air pollution levels in the city of Atlanta. Leveraging data from the US Social Security Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency, we set out to answer the burning question: does the prevalence of the name "Jarrett" coincide with changes in air quality? With a clever blend of statistical analysis and a touch of whimsy, we unveil some surprising findings.
Our research team uncovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8103731 and a significantly minuscule p-value of less than 0.01 when examining the period from 1980 to 2022. The results suggest a compelling connection between the popularity of the name "Jarrett" and fluctuations in air pollution in Atlanta. It seems that when it comes to air quality, there's more to this name than meets the eye – or should we say, "nose"?
Through our data-driven endeavor, we hope to shed light on this unusual link and bring a breath of fresh air to the world of statistical research. Our findings not only highlight the importance of considering all potential factors in environmental research but also add a whimsical twist to the age-old question, "What's in a name?" Perhaps, in the case of "Jarrett," the answer may very well be, "a surprising tie to air quality in Atlanta.

ChatGPT:

Jarrett, air quality, Atlanta, correlation, name popularity, statistical analysis, US Social Security Administration, Environmental Protection Agency, air pollution, correlation coefficient, p-value, environmental research

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

Popularity of the first name Jarrett
Detailed data title: Babies of all sexes born in the US named Jarrett
Source: US Social Security Administration
See what else correlates with Popularity of the first name Jarrett

Air pollution in Atlanta
Detailed data title: Percentage of days 'unhealthy' or worse air quality in Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air pollution in Atlanta

Correlation r = 0.8103731 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.6567045 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 65.7% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Air pollution in Atlanta) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Popularity of the first name Jarrett) over the 43 years from 1980 through 2022.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 4.6E-11. 0.0000000000457378240385654100
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.81 in 4.6E-9% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 21,863,742,341 random variables You don't actually need 21 billion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 42 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 42 because we have two variables measured over a period of 43 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.67, 0.89 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
1980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022
Popularity of the first name Jarrett (Babies born)395487450440424490539554539637609570495601562559642889101996210108207046164643983453232332251761842001421931661291411081331108480
Air pollution in Atlanta (Bad air quality days)7.650276.575342.191789.863014.918035.205489.5890413.424713.66125.2054816.16447.397266.2841513.42475.4794512.60278.469949.5890416.712319.452113.11486.849329.04113.01372.732244.657538.219189.04113.825141.643841.917811.369862.459020.2739730.2739730.5479451.0929000.273973000.273973




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([395,487,450,440,424,490,539,554,539,637,609,570,495,601,562,559,642,889,1019,962,1010,820,704,616,464,398,345,323,233,225,176,184,200,142,193,166,129,141,108,133,110,84,80,])
array_2 = np.array([7.65027,6.57534,2.19178,9.86301,4.91803,5.20548,9.58904,13.4247,13.6612,5.20548,16.1644,7.39726,6.28415,13.4247,5.47945,12.6027,8.46994,9.58904,16.7123,19.4521,13.1148,6.84932,9.0411,3.0137,2.73224,4.65753,8.21918,9.0411,3.82514,1.64384,1.91781,1.36986,2.45902,0.273973,0.273973,0.547945,1.0929,0,0,0.273973,0,0,0.273973,])
array_1_name = "Popularity of the first name Jarrett"
array_2_name = "Air pollution in Atlanta"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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Correlation ID: 5088 · Black Variable ID: 2743 · Red Variable ID: 20289
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