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Spurious correlation #4,780 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is GMO use in soybeans and the second variable is Air quality in Montgomery, Alabama.  The chart goes from 2000 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

The GMO soybeans inhaled less, leaving more fresh air for the people of Montgomery, Alabama. Remember, when it comes to air quality and soybeans, the stakes are high but the emissions are low!

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image of a serene field in Montgomery, Alabama, with meticulously arranged rows of lush green GMO soybean plants standing tall and vibrant under the soft kiss of sunlight. Capture the gentle sway of the leaves as a mild breeze threads its way through the plantation, creating a picturesque dance of emerald hues. Against a backdrop of clear, azure skies, depict local residents strolling amidst the soybean fields, relishing the crisp, pure air. Emphasize the harmony between the tranquil atmosphere and the bountiful GMO soybeans contributing to the exceptional air quality in the area. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: GMO use in soybeans and Air quality in Montgomery, Alabama. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Realistic Sci-fi fantacy Voxel art Realistic Cybernetic art
ChatGPT: Realistic

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both GMO use in soybeans and Air quality in Montgomery, Alabama, in the following situation: The GMO soybeans inhaled less, leaving more fresh air for the people of Montgomery, Alabama. Remember, when it comes to air quality and soybeans, the stakes are high but the emissions are low!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a field in Montgomery, Alabama, rows of green GMO soybean plants stand tall, with a gentle breeze blowing through the leaves. The air is noticeably clear and fresh, with blue skies above. Nearby, residents enjoy a peaceful walk, breathing in the clean air, thanks to the GMO soybeans inhaling less and helping to maintain excellent air quality in the area.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Realistic ] and depicting this scene: In a field in Montgomery, Alabama, rows of green GMO soybean plants stand tall, with a gentle breeze blowing through the leaves. The air is noticeably clear and fresh, with blue skies above. Nearby, residents enjoy a peaceful walk, breathing in the clean air, thanks to the GMO soybeans inhaling less and helping to maintain excellent air quality in the area. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image of a serene field in Montgomery, Alabama, with meticulously arranged rows of lush green GMO soybean plants standing tall and vibrant under the soft kiss of sunlight. Capture the gentle sway of the leaves as a mild breeze threads its way through the plantation, creating a picturesque dance of emerald hues. Against a backdrop of clear, azure skies, depict local residents strolling amidst the soybean fields, relishing the crisp, pure air. Emphasize the harmony between the tranquil atmosphere and the bountiful GMO soybeans contributing to the exceptional air quality in the area.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in GMO use in soybeans caused Air quality in Montgomery, Alabama to increase. Add a funny one-liner at the end.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Soybean Gene Tweaks and Air Quality Peaks: A Statistical Peek

The Journal of Agriscience and Environmental Trends

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in soybeans and Air quality in Montgomery, Alabama. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Rhyme words in the title.

Your research team used data from USDA and Environmental Protection Agency to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.8837466 and p < 0.01 for 2000 to 2022.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
Soybean Gene Tweaks and Air Quality Peaks: A Statistical Peek

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the perplexing relationship between the use of genetically modified organism (GMO) soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, Alabama. Our research team utilized comprehensive data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to examine this curious connection that has left many scratching their heads. We conducted a thorough statistical analysis from the years 2000 to 2022, and astonishingly found a correlation coefficient of 0.8837466 with a p-value of less than 0.01, debunking any notion of mere coincidence.

The results reveal a compelling association between the cultivation of GMO soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, shedding light on the impact of agricultural practices on the environment. Our findings suggest that the increased adoption of GMO soybeans could be linked to notable fluctuations in air quality, urging further investigation and consideration from policymakers and environmental advocates.

At the intersection of biotechnology and environmental science, this research raises the stakes when it comes to understanding the implications of agricultural innovations on air quality. Our study not only highlights the statistical significance of this connection but also provides a glimpse into the far-reaching consequences of GMO soybean cultivation.

To add a little levity to the scholarly proceedings, it's worth noting that the only thing genetically modified about our research team is their ability to generate puns faster than a soybean plant grows!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in soybeans and Air quality in Montgomery, Alabama. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Soybean Gene Tweaks and Air Quality Peaks: A Statistical Peek

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the perplexing relationship between the use of genetically modified organism (GMO) soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, Alabama. Our research team utilized comprehensive data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to examine this curious connection that has left many scratching their heads. We conducted a thorough statistical analysis from the years 2000 to 2022, and astonishingly found a correlation coefficient of 0.8837466 with a p-value of less than 0.01, debunking any notion of mere coincidence.

The results reveal a compelling association between the cultivation of GMO soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, shedding light on the impact of agricultural practices on the environment. Our findings suggest that the increased adoption of GMO soybeans could be linked to notable fluctuations in air quality, urging further investigation and consideration from policymakers and environmental advocates.

At the intersection of biotechnology and environmental science, this research raises the stakes when it comes to understanding the implications of agricultural innovations on air quality. Our study not only highlights the statistical significance of this connection but also provides a glimpse into the far-reaching consequences of GMO soybean cultivation.

To add a little levity to the scholarly proceedings, it's worth noting that the only thing genetically modified about our research team is their ability to generate puns faster than a soybean plant grows!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

The relationship between genetically modified organisms (GMO) and their impact on the environment has been a topic of fervent debate and curiosity. Specifically, the cultivation of genetically modified soybeans has been a hot-button issue, with proponents touting increased yields and resistance to pests, and skeptics expressing concerns about potential ecological repercussions. Amidst these discussions, one might wonder if the air quality of Montgomery, Alabama, could be a-soidently affected by these soybean shenanigans.

As we embark on this statistical safari, we aim to unearth the connections, or dare I say "beanctions," between the adoption of GMO soybeans and the state of the air in sweet home Alabama. Our study aims to separate the "soy" from the "beans" and present clear and compelling evidence regarding this unexplored territory of agricultural impact.

The potential implications of our findings extend beyond the tranquil fields of soybeans to the bustling cityscape of Montgomery. It raises questions about the nocturnal emissions of these GMO soybeans and whether they, fittingly, bean it or not! But in all seriousness, the implications of this research could significantly influence agricultural practices and environmental policies in the region.

Our empirical journey commences with a rigorous examination of data spanning over two decades, encompassing a period of technological advancements and shifting agricultural landscapes. As we sift through the statistical soy-soup, we aim to provide veritable insight into the relationship between GMO soybean cultivation and air quality, uncovering any potential emissions of statistical significance.

Stay tuned as we explore the "un-bean-lievable" revelations and correlations in the narrative of GMO soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, Alabama, and hopefully leave you chuckling while pondering the impact of these agricultural adventures.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in soybeans and Air quality in Montgomery, Alabama. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Perhaps you also got inspiration from some board games that are vaugely related.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Soybean Gene Tweaks and Air Quality Peaks: A Statistical Peek

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the perplexing relationship between the use of genetically modified organism (GMO) soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, Alabama. Our research team utilized comprehensive data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to examine this curious connection that has left many scratching their heads. We conducted a thorough statistical analysis from the years 2000 to 2022, and astonishingly found a correlation coefficient of 0.8837466 with a p-value of less than 0.01, debunking any notion of mere coincidence.

The results reveal a compelling association between the cultivation of GMO soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, shedding light on the impact of agricultural practices on the environment. Our findings suggest that the increased adoption of GMO soybeans could be linked to notable fluctuations in air quality, urging further investigation and consideration from policymakers and environmental advocates.

At the intersection of biotechnology and environmental science, this research raises the stakes when it comes to understanding the implications of agricultural innovations on air quality. Our study not only highlights the statistical significance of this connection but also provides a glimpse into the far-reaching consequences of GMO soybean cultivation.

To add a little levity to the scholarly proceedings, it's worth noting that the only thing genetically modified about our research team is their ability to generate puns faster than a soybean plant grows!

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The relationship between genetically modified organisms (GMO) and their impact on the environment has been a topic of fervent debate and curiosity. Specifically, the cultivation of genetically modified soybeans has been a hot-button issue, with proponents touting increased yields and resistance to pests, and skeptics expressing concerns about potential ecological repercussions. Amidst these discussions, one might wonder if the air quality of Montgomery, Alabama, could be a-soidently affected by these soybean shenanigans.
As we embark on this statistical safari, we aim to unearth the connections, or dare I say "beanctions," between the adoption of GMO soybeans and the state of the air in sweet home Alabama. Our study aims to separate the "soy" from the "beans" and present clear and compelling evidence regarding this unexplored territory of agricultural impact.
The potential implications of our findings extend beyond the tranquil fields of soybeans to the bustling cityscape of Montgomery. It raises questions about the nocturnal emissions of these GMO soybeans and whether they, fittingly, bean it or not! But in all seriousness, the implications of this research could significantly influence agricultural practices and environmental policies in the region.
Our empirical journey commences with a rigorous examination of data spanning over two decades, encompassing a period of technological advancements and shifting agricultural landscapes. As we sift through the statistical soy-soup, we aim to provide veritable insight into the relationship between GMO soybean cultivation and air quality, uncovering any potential emissions of statistical significance.
Stay tuned as we explore the "un-bean-lievable" revelations and correlations in the narrative of GMO soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, Alabama, and hopefully leave you chuckling while pondering the impact of these agricultural adventures.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

In a study conducted by Smith et al. (2015), the authors find that the cultivation of genetically modified soybeans has led to increased yields and enhanced pest resistance, revolutionizing the agricultural landscape. Similarly, Doe and Jones's research (2017) highlights the potential environmental implications of GMO soybean cultivation, prompting inquiries into the interconnected web of agricultural practices and ecological dynamics. The burgeoning interest in the impact of GMO soybeans on the environment has set the stage for our investigation into the intriguing relationship between soybean gene tweaks and air quality peaks.

Upon delving into the world of non-fiction literature, "The Omnivore's Dilemma" by Michael Pollan offers a comprehensive exploration of food production and its environmental footprint, providing valuable context to our study. Furthermore, "The Hidden Half of Nature" by David R. Montgomery and Anne Biklé enlightens readers on the intricate symbiosis between agriculture and the natural world, serving as a poignant reminder of the interconnectedness of environmental phenomena.

In the realm of fiction, the dystopian novel "Oryx and Crake" by Margaret Atwood presents an eerily prescient portrayal of genetically engineered crops and their ramifications on society, offering a cautionary tale that mirrors the ethical quandaries surrounding GMO soybeans. Similarly, the classic board game "Agricola" challenges players to manage a farm, perhaps giving us a taste of the toils and triumphs of agricultural innovation, albeit in a slightly more whimsical setting.

Returning to more serious discourse, it is worth referencing "Air Pollution and Health" by Stephen T. Holgate and Hillel S. Koren, which elucidates the multifaceted impacts of air pollution on human health, laying the foundation for understanding the implications of our findings in Montgomery, Alabama.

Planting a seed for a bit of humor amidst the scholarly pursuit, it's interesting to note that the only "air pollution" our research team endorses is the emission of puns related to soybean gene tweaks and air quality peaks! But I don't want to drone on about these puns - that could soy-cially get out of hand!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in soybeans and Air quality in Montgomery, Alabama. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from USDA and Environmental Protection Agency . You used data from 2000 to 2022

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Soybean Gene Tweaks and Air Quality Peaks: A Statistical Peek

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the perplexing relationship between the use of genetically modified organism (GMO) soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, Alabama. Our research team utilized comprehensive data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to examine this curious connection that has left many scratching their heads. We conducted a thorough statistical analysis from the years 2000 to 2022, and astonishingly found a correlation coefficient of 0.8837466 with a p-value of less than 0.01, debunking any notion of mere coincidence.

The results reveal a compelling association between the cultivation of GMO soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, shedding light on the impact of agricultural practices on the environment. Our findings suggest that the increased adoption of GMO soybeans could be linked to notable fluctuations in air quality, urging further investigation and consideration from policymakers and environmental advocates.

At the intersection of biotechnology and environmental science, this research raises the stakes when it comes to understanding the implications of agricultural innovations on air quality. Our study not only highlights the statistical significance of this connection but also provides a glimpse into the far-reaching consequences of GMO soybean cultivation.

To add a little levity to the scholarly proceedings, it's worth noting that the only thing genetically modified about our research team is their ability to generate puns faster than a soybean plant grows!

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The relationship between genetically modified organisms (GMO) and their impact on the environment has been a topic of fervent debate and curiosity. Specifically, the cultivation of genetically modified soybeans has been a hot-button issue, with proponents touting increased yields and resistance to pests, and skeptics expressing concerns about potential ecological repercussions. Amidst these discussions, one might wonder if the air quality of Montgomery, Alabama, could be a-soidently affected by these soybean shenanigans.
As we embark on this statistical safari, we aim to unearth the connections, or dare I say "beanctions," between the adoption of GMO soybeans and the state of the air in sweet home Alabama. Our study aims to separate the "soy" from the "beans" and present clear and compelling evidence regarding this unexplored territory of agricultural impact.
The potential implications of our findings extend beyond the tranquil fields of soybeans to the bustling cityscape of Montgomery. It raises questions about the nocturnal emissions of these GMO soybeans and whether they, fittingly, bean it or not! But in all seriousness, the implications of this research could significantly influence agricultural practices and environmental policies in the region.
Our empirical journey commences with a rigorous examination of data spanning over two decades, encompassing a period of technological advancements and shifting agricultural landscapes. As we sift through the statistical soy-soup, we aim to provide veritable insight into the relationship between GMO soybean cultivation and air quality, uncovering any potential emissions of statistical significance.
Stay tuned as we explore the "un-bean-lievable" revelations and correlations in the narrative of GMO soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, Alabama, and hopefully leave you chuckling while pondering the impact of these agricultural adventures.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To unpack the enigmatic association between GMO soybean cultivation and air quality in Montgomery, Alabama, our research team employed a methodological mashup of statistical analysis and environmental data wrangling. With the finesse of a pun aficionado, we combined data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to paint a clearer picture of this environmental conundrum.

Our data collection journey involved tapping into various online repositories like a savvy Sherlock sleuth, uncovering troves of information from government reports, environmental databases, and reputable scholarly articles. We combed through the cyberrealm with the tenacity of a bloodhound tracking a scent, ensuring that our dataset was as robust as a weightlifter on leg day.

The time span from 2000 to 2022 provided us with a treasure trove of information, capturing the evolution of GMO soybean usage and the ebb and flow of air quality indicators over the years. We harnessed the power of temporal analysis to discern patterns and trends, wielding statistical tools with the dexterity of a seasoned chef chopping onions – with minimal tears and maximum precision.

With the precision of a skilled archer hitting the bullseye, we conducted a multivariate regression analysis to disentangle the complex web of variables that influence air quality. We scrutinized factors such as GMO soybean acreage, meteorological conditions, industrial emissions, and demographic dynamics in Montgomery, creating a statistical landscape as layered as an onion – pun intended.

In the spirit of full disclosure, it’s worth acknowledging that the statistical models we crafted are as intricate and meticulously designed as a spider's web, weaving together a tapestry of variables to untangle the threads of correlation and causation. Our approach aimed to not only unearth statistically significant relationships but also to account for potential confounding factors lurking in the statistical shadows, much like a surprise appearance from a dad joke in the midst of an academic paper.

To account for any potential spatial nuances, we also utilized geographic information systems (GIS) to map out the spatial distribution of GMO soybean cultivation and air quality indices across Montgomery, transforming abstract statistical figures into a visually compelling narrative that could rival the best-selling novels on the New York Times list.

Furthermore, our methodological concoction included sensitivity analyses to gauge the robustness of our findings, ensuring that our statistical revelations weren’t as fragile as a house of cards in a gusty wind. We subjected our models to rigorous stress tests, akin to a muscle-bound weightlifter pushing the limits of endurance, to evaluate the resilience of our results under varying analytical scenarios.

In summary, our methodology danced on the tightrope of scientific rigor and statistical exuberance, weaving together data sources, analytical techniques, and a dash of whimsy to unravel the mysteries of GMO soybeans and air quality in Montgomery, Alabama. Our approach stood as a testament to the whimsical ingenuity of statistical research, demonstrating that even in the realm of academia, a well-placed dad joke can catalyze intellectual insights while eliciting a much-needed chuckle.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in soybeans and Air quality in Montgomery, Alabama. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from USDA and Environmental Protection Agency .

For the time period 2000 to 2022, you found a correlation 0.8837466, r-squared of 0.7810080, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Soybean Gene Tweaks and Air Quality Peaks: A Statistical Peek

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the perplexing relationship between the use of genetically modified organism (GMO) soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, Alabama. Our research team utilized comprehensive data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to examine this curious connection that has left many scratching their heads. We conducted a thorough statistical analysis from the years 2000 to 2022, and astonishingly found a correlation coefficient of 0.8837466 with a p-value of less than 0.01, debunking any notion of mere coincidence.

The results reveal a compelling association between the cultivation of GMO soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, shedding light on the impact of agricultural practices on the environment. Our findings suggest that the increased adoption of GMO soybeans could be linked to notable fluctuations in air quality, urging further investigation and consideration from policymakers and environmental advocates.

At the intersection of biotechnology and environmental science, this research raises the stakes when it comes to understanding the implications of agricultural innovations on air quality. Our study not only highlights the statistical significance of this connection but also provides a glimpse into the far-reaching consequences of GMO soybean cultivation.

To add a little levity to the scholarly proceedings, it's worth noting that the only thing genetically modified about our research team is their ability to generate puns faster than a soybean plant grows!

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The relationship between genetically modified organisms (GMO) and their impact on the environment has been a topic of fervent debate and curiosity. Specifically, the cultivation of genetically modified soybeans has been a hot-button issue, with proponents touting increased yields and resistance to pests, and skeptics expressing concerns about potential ecological repercussions. Amidst these discussions, one might wonder if the air quality of Montgomery, Alabama, could be a-soidently affected by these soybean shenanigans.
As we embark on this statistical safari, we aim to unearth the connections, or dare I say "beanctions," between the adoption of GMO soybeans and the state of the air in sweet home Alabama. Our study aims to separate the "soy" from the "beans" and present clear and compelling evidence regarding this unexplored territory of agricultural impact.
The potential implications of our findings extend beyond the tranquil fields of soybeans to the bustling cityscape of Montgomery. It raises questions about the nocturnal emissions of these GMO soybeans and whether they, fittingly, bean it or not! But in all seriousness, the implications of this research could significantly influence agricultural practices and environmental policies in the region.
Our empirical journey commences with a rigorous examination of data spanning over two decades, encompassing a period of technological advancements and shifting agricultural landscapes. As we sift through the statistical soy-soup, we aim to provide veritable insight into the relationship between GMO soybean cultivation and air quality, uncovering any potential emissions of statistical significance.
Stay tuned as we explore the "un-bean-lievable" revelations and correlations in the narrative of GMO soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, Alabama, and hopefully leave you chuckling while pondering the impact of these agricultural adventures.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

Our rigorous statistical analysis revealed a strong and positive correlation between the use of genetically modified organism (GMO) soybeans and air quality in Montgomery, Alabama from 2000 to 2022, with a correlation coefficient of 0.8837466. This correlation suggests that as the adoption of GMO soybeans increased, there was a corresponding improvement in air quality in Montgomery. One might say, the air quality was "bean-efited" by the GMO soybeans!

The coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.7810080 indicates that approximately 78.10% of the variability in air quality can be explained by the variability in GMO soybean use. In other words, the model can "bean" quite effective in predicting air quality based on the soybean shenanigans happening in the fields of Montgomery, Alabama.

Furthermore, our analysis produced a p-value of less than 0.01, providing strong evidence against the null hypothesis of no association between GMO soybean cultivation and air quality. In simpler terms, the probability of observing such a strong relationship between GMO soybean use and air quality by mere chance is as rare as finding a soy-based superhero – it's "soy" unlikely!

The empirical evidence is visually represented in Figure 1, a scatterplot that unmistakably portrays the positive correlation between GMO soybean use and air quality in Montgomery, Alabama. It seems that the fields of GMO soybeans were not just "bean"ing with plants but also with fresh air, much to the surprise of skeptics and enthusiasts alike.

In conclusion, our findings substantiate the quaint connection between the adoption of GMO soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, Alabama, shedding light on the environmental impact of agricultural practices. The implications of this study reach far beyond statistical significance, as it beckons for consideration in policies and practices related to agricultural innovation and environmental sustainability. As we uncover more layers in this "soy-lful" story, it's evident that GMO soybeans are not just sowing seeds for bountiful harvests but also for an a-"soy"-tionishing impact on air quality.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in soybeans and Air quality in Montgomery, Alabama. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Soybean Gene Tweaks and Air Quality Peaks: A Statistical Peek

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the perplexing relationship between the use of genetically modified organism (GMO) soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, Alabama. Our research team utilized comprehensive data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to examine this curious connection that has left many scratching their heads. We conducted a thorough statistical analysis from the years 2000 to 2022, and astonishingly found a correlation coefficient of 0.8837466 with a p-value of less than 0.01, debunking any notion of mere coincidence.

The results reveal a compelling association between the cultivation of GMO soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, shedding light on the impact of agricultural practices on the environment. Our findings suggest that the increased adoption of GMO soybeans could be linked to notable fluctuations in air quality, urging further investigation and consideration from policymakers and environmental advocates.

At the intersection of biotechnology and environmental science, this research raises the stakes when it comes to understanding the implications of agricultural innovations on air quality. Our study not only highlights the statistical significance of this connection but also provides a glimpse into the far-reaching consequences of GMO soybean cultivation.

To add a little levity to the scholarly proceedings, it's worth noting that the only thing genetically modified about our research team is their ability to generate puns faster than a soybean plant grows!

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In a study conducted by Smith et al. (2015), the authors find that the cultivation of genetically modified soybeans has led to increased yields and enhanced pest resistance, revolutionizing the agricultural landscape. Similarly, Doe and Jones's research (2017) highlights the potential environmental implications of GMO soybean cultivation, prompting inquiries into the interconnected web of agricultural practices and ecological dynamics. The burgeoning interest in the impact of GMO soybeans on the environment has set the stage for our investigation into the intriguing relationship between soybean gene tweaks and air quality peaks.
Upon delving into the world of non-fiction literature, "The Omnivore's Dilemma" by Michael Pollan offers a comprehensive exploration of food production and its environmental footprint, providing valuable context to our study. Furthermore, "The Hidden Half of Nature" by David R. Montgomery and Anne Biklé enlightens readers on the intricate symbiosis between agriculture and the natural world, serving as a poignant reminder of the interconnectedness of environmental phenomena.
In the realm of fiction, the dystopian novel "Oryx and Crake" by Margaret Atwood presents an eerily prescient portrayal of genetically engineered crops and their ramifications on society, offering a cautionary tale that mirrors the ethical quandaries surrounding GMO soybeans. Similarly, the classic board game "Agricola" challenges players to manage a farm, perhaps giving us a taste of the toils and triumphs of agricultural innovation, albeit in a slightly more whimsical setting.
Returning to more serious discourse, it is worth referencing "Air Pollution and Health" by Stephen T. Holgate and Hillel S. Koren, which elucidates the multifaceted impacts of air pollution on human health, laying the foundation for understanding the implications of our findings in Montgomery, Alabama.
Planting a seed for a bit of humor amidst the scholarly pursuit, it's interesting to note that the only "air pollution" our research team endorses is the emission of puns related to soybean gene tweaks and air quality peaks! But I don't want to drone on about these puns - that could soy-cially get out of hand!

[[RESULTS]]
Our rigorous statistical analysis revealed a strong and positive correlation between the use of genetically modified organism (GMO) soybeans and air quality in Montgomery, Alabama from 2000 to 2022, with a correlation coefficient of 0.8837466. This correlation suggests that as the adoption of GMO soybeans increased, there was a corresponding improvement in air quality in Montgomery. One might say, the air quality was "bean-efited" by the GMO soybeans!
The coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.7810080 indicates that approximately 78.10% of the variability in air quality can be explained by the variability in GMO soybean use. In other words, the model can "bean" quite effective in predicting air quality based on the soybean shenanigans happening in the fields of Montgomery, Alabama.
Furthermore, our analysis produced a p-value of less than 0.01, providing strong evidence against the null hypothesis of no association between GMO soybean cultivation and air quality. In simpler terms, the probability of observing such a strong relationship between GMO soybean use and air quality by mere chance is as rare as finding a soy-based superhero – it's "soy" unlikely!
The empirical evidence is visually represented in Figure 1, a scatterplot that unmistakably portrays the positive correlation between GMO soybean use and air quality in Montgomery, Alabama. It seems that the fields of GMO soybeans were not just "bean"ing with plants but also with fresh air, much to the surprise of skeptics and enthusiasts alike.
In conclusion, our findings substantiate the quaint connection between the adoption of GMO soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, Alabama, shedding light on the environmental impact of agricultural practices. The implications of this study reach far beyond statistical significance, as it beckons for consideration in policies and practices related to agricultural innovation and environmental sustainability. As we uncover more layers in this "soy-lful" story, it's evident that GMO soybeans are not just sowing seeds for bountiful harvests but also for an a-"soy"-tionishing impact on air quality.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our study has uncovered a compelling link between the use of genetically modified organism (GMO) soybeans and air quality in Montgomery, Alabama, adding a hearty dash of flavor to the ongoing discourse surrounding agricultural practices and environmental impact. Building upon the findings of prior research, our results further illuminate the nuanced relationship between soybean gene tweaks and air quality peaks, culminating in a statistically sound revelation that GMO soybean cultivation does indeed exert an influence on the air we breathe – talk about a breath of fresh air in the research field!

In line with the study by Smith et al. (2015), which emphasized the enhanced pest resistance and increased yields associated with GMO soybeans, our results corroborate the notion that the adoption of genetically modified soybeans leads not only to agricultural benefits but also to a pronounced improvement in air quality. It appears that these genetically modified soybeans are not just a "soy"-lent source of sustenance but also unsuspecting environmental allies, reducing air pollutants with every sway in the breeze.

Additionally, our findings expand upon the research conducted by Doe and Jones (2017), who uncovered the potential environmental implications of GMO soybean cultivation. Our study provides empirical evidence that affirms their hypothesis, demonstrating a robust association between the increase in GMO soybean cultivation and the enhancement of air quality in Montgomery. It seems that as these soybeans undergo gene tweaks, they inadvertently become pioneers of fresh air provision, challenging the prevailing stereotypes often associated with genetically modified crops.

Amidst the wealth of literature influencing our investigation, it's worth revisiting the whimsical nods to "Agricola," a board game that playfully captures the essence of farming and innovation. While our study may not involve barn animals or wooden fences, the implications of our findings certainly resonate with the essence of agricultural innovation, highlighting the profound impact of GMO soybeans on the environment – and providing more than a kernel of insight into the broader ecological landscape.

Furthermore, the very peculiar correlation coefficient of 0.8837466 and the impressively low p-value in our study serve as a powerful testament to the credibility and importance of our results. It's as clear as day – the association between GMO soybean use and air quality in Montgomery, Alabama is as unmistakable as the aroma of fresh soybeans on a sunny day. It's almost enough to make one exclaim, "Soy glad we embarked on this study!"

As we reflect on the implications of our research, it becomes evident that our findings have cracked open a door to a new realm of understanding – one that emphasizes the impact of agricultural innovation on environmental quality. Ultimately, our study encourages a reevaluation of the often-contested narrative surrounding GMO soybeans, showcasing their unexpected contribution to air quality – and perhaps providing a bit of a "soy-lid" argument for their continued cultivation.

In this ongoing exploration of the intersection between agriculture and environmental sustainability, our study has sown the seeds for further inquiry and discussion, propelling us toward a future where the impact of agricultural practices on the environment is dealt with earnestly and creatively. It seems that in the world of soybeans and air quality, the "soy"-prise never truly fades!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in soybeans and Air quality in Montgomery, Alabama. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Soybean Gene Tweaks and Air Quality Peaks: A Statistical Peek

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the perplexing relationship between the use of genetically modified organism (GMO) soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, Alabama. Our research team utilized comprehensive data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to examine this curious connection that has left many scratching their heads. We conducted a thorough statistical analysis from the years 2000 to 2022, and astonishingly found a correlation coefficient of 0.8837466 with a p-value of less than 0.01, debunking any notion of mere coincidence.

The results reveal a compelling association between the cultivation of GMO soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, shedding light on the impact of agricultural practices on the environment. Our findings suggest that the increased adoption of GMO soybeans could be linked to notable fluctuations in air quality, urging further investigation and consideration from policymakers and environmental advocates.

At the intersection of biotechnology and environmental science, this research raises the stakes when it comes to understanding the implications of agricultural innovations on air quality. Our study not only highlights the statistical significance of this connection but also provides a glimpse into the far-reaching consequences of GMO soybean cultivation.

To add a little levity to the scholarly proceedings, it's worth noting that the only thing genetically modified about our research team is their ability to generate puns faster than a soybean plant grows!

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The relationship between genetically modified organisms (GMO) and their impact on the environment has been a topic of fervent debate and curiosity. Specifically, the cultivation of genetically modified soybeans has been a hot-button issue, with proponents touting increased yields and resistance to pests, and skeptics expressing concerns about potential ecological repercussions. Amidst these discussions, one might wonder if the air quality of Montgomery, Alabama, could be a-soidently affected by these soybean shenanigans.
As we embark on this statistical safari, we aim to unearth the connections, or dare I say "beanctions," between the adoption of GMO soybeans and the state of the air in sweet home Alabama. Our study aims to separate the "soy" from the "beans" and present clear and compelling evidence regarding this unexplored territory of agricultural impact.
The potential implications of our findings extend beyond the tranquil fields of soybeans to the bustling cityscape of Montgomery. It raises questions about the nocturnal emissions of these GMO soybeans and whether they, fittingly, bean it or not! But in all seriousness, the implications of this research could significantly influence agricultural practices and environmental policies in the region.
Our empirical journey commences with a rigorous examination of data spanning over two decades, encompassing a period of technological advancements and shifting agricultural landscapes. As we sift through the statistical soy-soup, we aim to provide veritable insight into the relationship between GMO soybean cultivation and air quality, uncovering any potential emissions of statistical significance.
Stay tuned as we explore the "un-bean-lievable" revelations and correlations in the narrative of GMO soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, Alabama, and hopefully leave you chuckling while pondering the impact of these agricultural adventures.

[[RESULTS]]
Our rigorous statistical analysis revealed a strong and positive correlation between the use of genetically modified organism (GMO) soybeans and air quality in Montgomery, Alabama from 2000 to 2022, with a correlation coefficient of 0.8837466. This correlation suggests that as the adoption of GMO soybeans increased, there was a corresponding improvement in air quality in Montgomery. One might say, the air quality was "bean-efited" by the GMO soybeans!
The coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.7810080 indicates that approximately 78.10% of the variability in air quality can be explained by the variability in GMO soybean use. In other words, the model can "bean" quite effective in predicting air quality based on the soybean shenanigans happening in the fields of Montgomery, Alabama.
Furthermore, our analysis produced a p-value of less than 0.01, providing strong evidence against the null hypothesis of no association between GMO soybean cultivation and air quality. In simpler terms, the probability of observing such a strong relationship between GMO soybean use and air quality by mere chance is as rare as finding a soy-based superhero – it's "soy" unlikely!
The empirical evidence is visually represented in Figure 1, a scatterplot that unmistakably portrays the positive correlation between GMO soybean use and air quality in Montgomery, Alabama. It seems that the fields of GMO soybeans were not just "bean"ing with plants but also with fresh air, much to the surprise of skeptics and enthusiasts alike.
In conclusion, our findings substantiate the quaint connection between the adoption of GMO soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, Alabama, shedding light on the environmental impact of agricultural practices. The implications of this study reach far beyond statistical significance, as it beckons for consideration in policies and practices related to agricultural innovation and environmental sustainability. As we uncover more layers in this "soy-lful" story, it's evident that GMO soybeans are not just sowing seeds for bountiful harvests but also for an a-"soy"-tionishing impact on air quality.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our study has revealed a compelling correlation between the cultivation of genetically modified organism (GMO) soybeans and air quality in Montgomery, Alabama. It appears that the air quality of Montgomery has indeed "bean"efited from the soybean saga, with a correlation coefficient so strong, it's almost as if the soybeans were "bean-daid" for the environment!

The high coefficient of determination indicates that a notable percentage of the variability in air quality can be explained by the variability in GMO soybean use. It's almost like the soybeans were whispering to the wind, creating a harmonious symphony of fresh air in Montgomery.

Moreover, the p-value of less than 0.01 debunked any notion of mere chance, making the robustness of our findings as clear as the blue skies over a soybean field. It's as though the statistical stars aligned, revealing this striking relationship that cannot be "bean-flated."

Our research not only accentuates the statistical significance of this connection but also highlights the wider implications for agricultural practices and environmental policies. It's as if the soybeans were not just cultivating crops, but also cultivating a breath of fresh air for the community.

Therefore, it seems that the impact of GMO soybean cultivation extends beyond mere bean-counting and into the realm of broader environmental considerations. As our findings "bean-dish," policymakers and environmental advocates may find it "soy" worth considering the ramifications of soybean innovations on air quality.

In light of these compelling findings, it can be confidently asserted that no additional research is needed in this area. Our study has sown the seeds of knowledge, leaving no "soy-stone" unturned in uncovering this intriguing connection between soybeans and air quality. It's time to let these findings "bean-simmer" in the scholarly stew and move towards embracing the "soy-lutions" they present.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Soybean Gene Tweaks and Air Quality Peaks: A Statistical Peek. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Agriscience and Environmental Trends


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Soybean Gene Tweaks and Air Quality Peaks: A Statistical Peek. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Association for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Research


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Soybean Gene Tweaks and Air Quality Peaks: A Statistical Peek with an abstract of This study delves into the perplexing relationship between the use of genetically modified organism (GMO) soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, Alabama. Our research team utilized comprehensive data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to examine this curious connection that has left many scratching their heads. We conducted a thorough statistical analysis from the years 2000 to 2022, and astonishingly found a correlation coefficient of 0.8837466 with a p-value of less than 0.01, debunking any notion of mere coincidence.
The results reveal a compelling association between the cultivation of GMO soybeans and the air quality in Montgomery, shedding light on the impact of agricultural practices on the environment. Our findings suggest that the increased adoption of GMO soybeans could be linked to notable fluctuations in air quality, urging further investigation and consideration from policymakers and environmental advocates.
At the intersection of biotechnology and environmental science, this research raises the stakes when it comes to understanding the implications of agricultural innovations on air quality. Our study not only highlights the statistical significance of this connection but also provides a glimpse into the far-reaching consequences of GMO soybean cultivation.
To add a little levity to the scholarly proceedings, it's worth noting that the only thing genetically modified about our research team is their ability to generate puns faster than a soybean plant grows!

ChatGPT:

Soybean, Gene modification, GMO, Soybean cultivation, Air quality, Montgomery Alabama, USDA data, EPA data, Statistical analysis, Correlation coefficient, Environmental impact, Agricultural practices, Biotechnology, Policy implications

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

GMO use in soybeans
Detailed data title: Percent of soybeans planted in United States that are genetically modified to be herbicide-tolerant (HT), but not insect-resistant (Bt)
Source: USDA
See what else correlates with GMO use in soybeans

Air quality in Montgomery, Alabama
Detailed data title: Percentage of days with good or moderate air quality in Montgomery, AL
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air quality in Montgomery, Alabama

Correlation r = 0.8837466 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.7810080 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 78.1% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Air quality in Montgomery, Alabama) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., GMO use in soybeans) over the 23 years from 2000 through 2022.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 2.3E-8. 0.0000000228388994674089000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.88 in 2.3E-6% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 43,784,947 random variables You don't actually need 43 million variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 22 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 22 because we have two variables measured over a period of 23 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.74, 0.95 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022
GMO use in soybeans (GMO soybeans %)5468758185878991929193949393949494949494949595
Air quality in Montgomery, Alabama (Good air quality)80.851194.38695.569697.535297.535298.947495.804294.617698.853910097.802298.939999.642910010099.444499.44999.132910099.72699.446100100




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([54,68,75,81,85,87,89,91,92,91,93,94,93,93,94,94,94,94,94,94,94,95,95,])
array_2 = np.array([80.8511,94.386,95.5696,97.5352,97.5352,98.9474,95.8042,94.6176,98.8539,100,97.8022,98.9399,99.6429,100,100,99.4444,99.449,99.1329,100,99.726,99.446,100,100,])
array_1_name = "GMO use in soybeans"
array_2_name = "Air quality in Montgomery, Alabama"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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Correlation ID: 4780 · Black Variable ID: 828 · Red Variable ID: 20928
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