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Spurious correlation #4,702 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the second variable is Automotive recalls for issues with the Parking Brake.  The chart goes from 1976 to 2020, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

As the number of votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island rose, so did the frequency of automotive recalls relating to parking brake issues. This may be attributed to the magnetic pull of individual freedom and limited government intervention, which inadvertently interfered with the proper functioning of parking brake systems in a display of vehicular nonconformity. It seems that as the quest for minimal state control revved up, it somehow applied a brake on parking brake effectiveness, leading to a need for heightened automotive safety measures. Perhaps there's a correlation between a political drive for liberty and a tendency for parking brakes to liberate themselves from vehicles. Or maybe it's just a case of electoral innovation sparking a strange campaign for parking brake independence.

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: [ Concept art ] Generate an image displaying a Rhode Island neighborhood during a warm evening. In the foreground, a row of parked cars adorned with campaign stickers for the Libertarian Presidential candidate should be visible. The scene should show residents casting their votes at a nearby polling station as the sun sets. In the background, a group of automotive engineers should be working on a series of cars undergoing a parking brake inspection. As the sun dips lower, the image should convey an increasing number of votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate, along with an uptick in automotive recalls for parking brake issues. The unintended consequence of a surge in political freedom resulting in an increase in automotive safety measures should be visually prominent. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island and Automotive recalls for issues with the Parking Brake. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Psychedelic Cyberpunk Cubism inspired by bauhaus Concept art
ChatGPT: Concept art

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island and Automotive recalls for issues with the Parking Brake, in the following situation: As the number of votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island rose, so did the frequency of automotive recalls relating to parking brake issues. This may be attributed to the magnetic pull of individual freedom and limited government intervention, which inadvertently interfered with the proper functioning of parking brake systems in a display of vehicular nonconformity. It seems that as the quest for minimal state control revved up, it somehow applied a brake on parking brake effectiveness, leading to a need for heightened automotive safety measures. Perhaps there's a correlation between a political drive for liberty and a tendency for parking brakes to liberate themselves from vehicles. Or maybe it's just a case of electoral innovation sparking a strange campaign for parking brake independence.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a bustling Rhode Island neighborhood, a row of parked cars is seen, each adorned with campaign stickers for the Libertarian Presidential candidate. The sun is setting on a warm evening as more and more residents are seen casting their votes at a nearby polling station. Simultaneously, a group of automotive engineers is working diligently on a series of cars, each undergoing a parking brake inspection. As the sun dips lower, the number of votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate continues to climb, and an increasing number of automotive recalls for parking brake issues are declared. The scene encapsulates the unintended consequence of a surge in political freedom on the streets, resulting in an uptick in automotive safety measures.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Concept art ] and depicting this scene: In a bustling Rhode Island neighborhood, a row of parked cars is seen, each adorned with campaign stickers for the Libertarian Presidential candidate. The sun is setting on a warm evening as more and more residents are seen casting their votes at a nearby polling station. Simultaneously, a group of automotive engineers is working diligently on a series of cars, each undergoing a parking brake inspection. As the sun dips lower, the number of votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate continues to climb, and an increasing number of automotive recalls for parking brake issues are declared. The scene encapsulates the unintended consequence of a surge in political freedom on the streets, resulting in an uptick in automotive safety measures. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: [ Concept art ] Generate an image displaying a Rhode Island neighborhood during a warm evening. In the foreground, a row of parked cars adorned with campaign stickers for the Libertarian Presidential candidate should be visible. The scene should show residents casting their votes at a nearby polling station as the sun sets. In the background, a group of automotive engineers should be working on a series of cars undergoing a parking brake inspection. As the sun dips lower, the image should convey an increasing number of votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate, along with an uptick in automotive recalls for parking brake issues. The unintended consequence of a surge in political freedom resulting in an increase in automotive safety measures should be visually prominent.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island caused Automotive recalls for issues with the Parking Brake to increase.\Make it sound serious until the end.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Breaking News: The Brake for Libertarians - An Empirical Study on the Correlation between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential Candidate in Rhode Island and Automotive Recalls for Parking Brake Issues

The Journal of Automotive Political Science

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island and Automotive recalls for issues with the Parking Brake. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Make the title punny if you can come up with clever pun. If not, make it sound serious.

Your research team used data from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse and US DOT to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9545165 and p < 0.01 for 1976 to 2020.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
"Breaking News: The Brake for Libertarians - An Empirical Study on the Correlation between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential Candidate in Rhode Island and Automotive Recalls for Parking Brake Issues"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study investigates the unexpected and peculiar connection between the voting patterns for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the occurrence of automotive recalls for parking brake issues. Utilizing data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the US Department of Transportation, our research team delved into decades of electoral and automotive recall records. The analysis revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9545165 and a p-value of less than 0.01, spanning the years 1976 to 2020. The findings of this study shed light on the curious relationship between political preferences and parking brake malfunctions, unravelling an intriguing mystery at the intersection of politics and automotive engineering. Grab your popcorn and buckle up as we navigate through the unexpected twists and turns of this unique correlation.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island and Automotive recalls for issues with the Parking Brake. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Breaking News: The Brake for Libertarians - An Empirical Study on the Correlation between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential Candidate in Rhode Island and Automotive Recalls for Parking Brake Issues"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study investigates the unexpected and peculiar connection between the voting patterns for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the occurrence of automotive recalls for parking brake issues. Utilizing data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the US Department of Transportation, our research team delved into decades of electoral and automotive recall records. The analysis revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9545165 and a p-value of less than 0.01, spanning the years 1976 to 2020. The findings of this study shed light on the curious relationship between political preferences and parking brake malfunctions, unravelling an intriguing mystery at the intersection of politics and automotive engineering. Grab your popcorn and buckle up as we navigate through the unexpected twists and turns of this unique correlation.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
INTRODUCTION

In the world of empirical research, one often stumbles upon correlations that defy logic and expectations. Some relationships are as clear as day, while others are as murky as a used car salesman's pitch. Our current study delves into the latter category, bringing to the forefront a peculiar and unexpected connection between the voting patterns for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the occurrence of automotive recalls for parking brake issues. Yes, you read that right! We are peering through the political windshield to uncover the mysterious signals sent by the parking brake of all things.

It is no secret that politics can sometimes feel like navigating through a minefield, and apparently, the same holds true for parking brakes. As researchers, we are driven by a relentless curiosity to unearth the quirky and the bizarre. We embarked on this journey armed with data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the US Department of Transportation, ready to uncover the unexpected twists and turns in this unique correlation.

Buckle up, dear readers, as we embark on this peculiar journey at the intersection of politics and automotive engineering. It promises to be a wild ride through the realm of empirical research, where the only speed limit is the boundaries of our imagination. We invite you to join us as we peel back the layers of this curious relationship and unravel a mystery that is sure to intrigue and baffle in equal measure.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island and Automotive recalls for issues with the Parking Brake. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Perhaps you also got inspiration from some board games that are vaugely related.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Breaking News: The Brake for Libertarians - An Empirical Study on the Correlation between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential Candidate in Rhode Island and Automotive Recalls for Parking Brake Issues"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study investigates the unexpected and peculiar connection between the voting patterns for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the occurrence of automotive recalls for parking brake issues. Utilizing data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the US Department of Transportation, our research team delved into decades of electoral and automotive recall records. The analysis revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9545165 and a p-value of less than 0.01, spanning the years 1976 to 2020. The findings of this study shed light on the curious relationship between political preferences and parking brake malfunctions, unravelling an intriguing mystery at the intersection of politics and automotive engineering. Grab your popcorn and buckle up as we navigate through the unexpected twists and turns of this unique correlation.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
In the world of empirical research, one often stumbles upon correlations that defy logic and expectations. Some relationships are as clear as day, while others are as murky as a used car salesman's pitch. Our current study delves into the latter category, bringing to the forefront a peculiar and unexpected connection between the voting patterns for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the occurrence of automotive recalls for parking brake issues. Yes, you read that right! We are peering through the political windshield to uncover the mysterious signals sent by the parking brake of all things.
It is no secret that politics can sometimes feel like navigating through a minefield, and apparently, the same holds true for parking brakes. As researchers, we are driven by a relentless curiosity to unearth the quirky and the bizarre. We embarked on this journey armed with data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the US Department of Transportation, ready to uncover the unexpected twists and turns in this unique correlation.
Buckle up, dear readers, as we embark on this peculiar journey at the intersection of politics and automotive engineering. It promises to be a wild ride through the realm of empirical research, where the only speed limit is the boundaries of our imagination. We invite you to join us as we peel back the layers of this curious relationship and unravel a mystery that is sure to intrigue and baffle in equal measure.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

In the realm of empirical research, connections between seemingly disparate phenomena have long fascinated scholars. As we dive into the ostensible link between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and automotive recalls for parking brake issues, we are reminded of the words of Smith and Doe (2010), who astutely observed, "Correlations often reveal hidden truths, lurking beneath the surface of conventional wisdom."

In "Election Data Analysis: Unveiling the Mysteries of Voter Behavior," Smith and Doe shed light on the intricate dynamics of electoral preferences. Little did they know that their insights would foreshadow our current foray into uncovering unexpected correlations - of both a political and mechanical nature.

Moving beyond the realm of politics, we turn to the automotive industry and the poignant revelations of Jones (2005) in "Vehicle Recalls: Uncovering Safety Concerns." Jones meticulously documented the complexities of automotive recalls, hinting at underlying patterns that beckoned for further exploration. Little did he anticipate the whimsical twist that awaited at the intersection of electoral ballots and parking brake malfunctions.

As we cast our net wider, we encounter seminal works that, while not directly related to our peculiar subject, offer tantalizing parallels. "The Art of Seductive Sales Pitches" by John Smith (2012) explores the craft of persuasion, perhaps offering indirect insights into the allure of Libertarian ideologies in Rhode Island. Meanwhile, the timeless classic "Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance" by Robert M. Pirsig (1974) might inspire contemplation on the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated systems, much like the curious connection we seek to unravel.

Venturing further into the realm of fiction, we encounter works that, while not academic in nature, weave narratives that resonate with our research pursuits. "The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time" by Mark Haddon sends ripples of curiosity, hinting at the unexpected revelations that lie beneath seemingly mundane occurrences. In a more whimsical vein, "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" by Lewis Carroll playfully taunts us to question the limits of logic and reason, much like the unfathomable correlation we seek to decipher.

Drawing inspiration from unlikely sources, our research team was enlightened by the strategic maneuverings and calculated risk-taking in the board game "Formula D." As players navigate the twists and turns of the race track, they face unforeseen obstacles that mirror the surprising connections awaiting discovery in our study.

Armed with insights from these diverse sources, we embark on an academic adventure unlike any other, ready to unravel the whimsical correlation between political preferences and parking brake malfunctions in the ocean state of Rhode Island. Fasten your seatbelts - not the parking brake, though - for the bumpy but exhilarating ride that lies ahead.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island and Automotive recalls for issues with the Parking Brake. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse and US DOT . You used data from 1976 to 2020

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Breaking News: The Brake for Libertarians - An Empirical Study on the Correlation between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential Candidate in Rhode Island and Automotive Recalls for Parking Brake Issues"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study investigates the unexpected and peculiar connection between the voting patterns for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the occurrence of automotive recalls for parking brake issues. Utilizing data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the US Department of Transportation, our research team delved into decades of electoral and automotive recall records. The analysis revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9545165 and a p-value of less than 0.01, spanning the years 1976 to 2020. The findings of this study shed light on the curious relationship between political preferences and parking brake malfunctions, unravelling an intriguing mystery at the intersection of politics and automotive engineering. Grab your popcorn and buckle up as we navigate through the unexpected twists and turns of this unique correlation.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
In the world of empirical research, one often stumbles upon correlations that defy logic and expectations. Some relationships are as clear as day, while others are as murky as a used car salesman's pitch. Our current study delves into the latter category, bringing to the forefront a peculiar and unexpected connection between the voting patterns for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the occurrence of automotive recalls for parking brake issues. Yes, you read that right! We are peering through the political windshield to uncover the mysterious signals sent by the parking brake of all things.
It is no secret that politics can sometimes feel like navigating through a minefield, and apparently, the same holds true for parking brakes. As researchers, we are driven by a relentless curiosity to unearth the quirky and the bizarre. We embarked on this journey armed with data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the US Department of Transportation, ready to uncover the unexpected twists and turns in this unique correlation.
Buckle up, dear readers, as we embark on this peculiar journey at the intersection of politics and automotive engineering. It promises to be a wild ride through the realm of empirical research, where the only speed limit is the boundaries of our imagination. We invite you to join us as we peel back the layers of this curious relationship and unravel a mystery that is sure to intrigue and baffle in equal measure.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To investigate the enigmatic correlation between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and automotive recalls for parking brake issues, our research team employed a combination of quantitative analysis, data mining, and a dash of unconventional thinking. After much deliberation and copious amounts of coffee, we arrived at a methodology that was as robust as a reinforced parking brake and as flexible as a seasoned political maneuver.

First, we obtained voting data for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab. This information served as the electoral canvas upon which the colorful palette of our analysis was to be painted. Next, we delved into the treasure trove of automotive recall records from the US Department of Transportation, carefully sifting through the data as if searching for a misplaced parking brake manual in a cluttered glove compartment.

The temporal scope of our analysis spanned from the year 1976 to 2020, capturing decades of electoral choices and automotive mishaps. Why this time span, you ask? Well, we imagined it just like test-driving a vintage convertible - to truly appreciate the unique quirks and idiosyncrasies, one must take it for an extended spin through the annals of history.

With the raw data in hand, we performed a rigorous statistical analysis, akin to conducting a thorough inspection of an aging vehicle before a long road trip. Our team employed sophisticated econometric methods, including multiple regression analysis and time series techniques, to unravel the complex relationship between political preferences and parking brake recalls. This analytical toolkit was as essential to our investigation as a reliable wrench is to a seasoned mechanic.

In order to ensure the robustness of our findings, we also incorporated control variables such as the overall electoral turnout, the average age of vehicles on the road, and the frequency of inclement weather in the state. We wanted to eliminate any potential confounding factors that could skew our results, much like ensuring that an unexpected squeak in the engine is not attributed to a loose parking brake.

Our methodology can be likened to a delicate dance between disparate datasets, a waltz of electoral numbers and automotive identifications, guided by the rhythm of statistical significance and the melody of academic rigor. By incorporating multiple sources of data, rigorous analytical techniques, and a touch of good-natured skepticism, we aimed to uncover the underlying patterns in this seemingly improbable correlation.

In conclusion, our methodology was crafted with the precision of a skilled driver navigating through a winding road, and the resilience of a well-engineered parking brake. With this robust framework in place, we set out to decipher the unexpected and fascinating relationship between political choices and automotive malfunctions, a journey that promised to be as exhilarating as a spontaneous drive down a mysterious political highway.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island and Automotive recalls for issues with the Parking Brake. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse and US DOT .

For the time period 1976 to 2020, you found a correlation 0.9545165, r-squared of 0.9111017, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Breaking News: The Brake for Libertarians - An Empirical Study on the Correlation between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential Candidate in Rhode Island and Automotive Recalls for Parking Brake Issues"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study investigates the unexpected and peculiar connection between the voting patterns for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the occurrence of automotive recalls for parking brake issues. Utilizing data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the US Department of Transportation, our research team delved into decades of electoral and automotive recall records. The analysis revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9545165 and a p-value of less than 0.01, spanning the years 1976 to 2020. The findings of this study shed light on the curious relationship between political preferences and parking brake malfunctions, unravelling an intriguing mystery at the intersection of politics and automotive engineering. Grab your popcorn and buckle up as we navigate through the unexpected twists and turns of this unique correlation.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
INTRODUCTION
In the world of empirical research, one often stumbles upon correlations that defy logic and expectations. Some relationships are as clear as day, while others are as murky as a used car salesman's pitch. Our current study delves into the latter category, bringing to the forefront a peculiar and unexpected connection between the voting patterns for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the occurrence of automotive recalls for parking brake issues. Yes, you read that right! We are peering through the political windshield to uncover the mysterious signals sent by the parking brake of all things.
It is no secret that politics can sometimes feel like navigating through a minefield, and apparently, the same holds true for parking brakes. As researchers, we are driven by a relentless curiosity to unearth the quirky and the bizarre. We embarked on this journey armed with data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the US Department of Transportation, ready to uncover the unexpected twists and turns in this unique correlation.
Buckle up, dear readers, as we embark on this peculiar journey at the intersection of politics and automotive engineering. It promises to be a wild ride through the realm of empirical research, where the only speed limit is the boundaries of our imagination. We invite you to join us as we peel back the layers of this curious relationship and unravel a mystery that is sure to intrigue and baffle in equal measure.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

Our analysis of the data revealed a striking correlation between the number of votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the frequency of automotive recalls for parking brake issues. The correlation coefficient of 0.9545165 and an r-squared of 0.9111017 imply a remarkably strong relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. It appears that political leanings and parking brake malfunctions are entwined in a manner that we are only beginning to comprehend.

Fig. 1 presents a scatterplot illustrating the robust correlation between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and automotive recalls for parking brake issues. The scatterplot showcases a clear linear association, leaving little room for doubt regarding the strength of the relationship. The clusters of data points resemble a tangled web of political intrigue and automotive mishaps, challenging our preconceived notions of cause and effect.

The p-value of less than 0.01 further cements the statistical significance of this connection, leaving us no choice but to acknowledge the unlikely alliance between political preferences and parking brake malfunctions in the Ocean State. It's as if the voters and the parking brakes have entered into a secret pact, operating in unison to confound our expectations and leave us scratching our heads in bewilderment.

At first glance, one might be inclined to dismiss this correlation as a mere fluke—an anomaly in the vast expanse of empirical data. However, the strength and consistency of the relationship across the four-decade timespan from 1976 to 2020 cannot be overlooked. The parking brake's covert allegiance to the political realm is both confounding and captivating, revealing a dimension of correlation that extends beyond the confines of conventional wisdom.

In summary, our findings are as unexpected as they are beguiling. The connection between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and automotive recalls for parking brake issues defies conventional logic, providing an intriguing puzzle for researchers and enthusiasts alike. This study offers a singular glimpse into the uncanny interplay between politics and automotive engineering, inviting further exploration and contemplation.

The mystery deepens, and our adventure continues as we seek to unravel the enigmatic bond between political choices and parking brake glitches—truly an unexpected turn in the annals of empirical research.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island and Automotive recalls for issues with the Parking Brake. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Breaking News: The Brake for Libertarians - An Empirical Study on the Correlation between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential Candidate in Rhode Island and Automotive Recalls for Parking Brake Issues"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study investigates the unexpected and peculiar connection between the voting patterns for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the occurrence of automotive recalls for parking brake issues. Utilizing data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the US Department of Transportation, our research team delved into decades of electoral and automotive recall records. The analysis revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9545165 and a p-value of less than 0.01, spanning the years 1976 to 2020. The findings of this study shed light on the curious relationship between political preferences and parking brake malfunctions, unravelling an intriguing mystery at the intersection of politics and automotive engineering. Grab your popcorn and buckle up as we navigate through the unexpected twists and turns of this unique correlation.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In the realm of empirical research, connections between seemingly disparate phenomena have long fascinated scholars. As we dive into the ostensible link between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and automotive recalls for parking brake issues, we are reminded of the words of Smith and Doe (2010), who astutely observed, "Correlations often reveal hidden truths, lurking beneath the surface of conventional wisdom."
In "Election Data Analysis: Unveiling the Mysteries of Voter Behavior," Smith and Doe shed light on the intricate dynamics of electoral preferences. Little did they know that their insights would foreshadow our current foray into uncovering unexpected correlations - of both a political and mechanical nature.
Moving beyond the realm of politics, we turn to the automotive industry and the poignant revelations of Jones (2005) in "Vehicle Recalls: Uncovering Safety Concerns." Jones meticulously documented the complexities of automotive recalls, hinting at underlying patterns that beckoned for further exploration. Little did he anticipate the whimsical twist that awaited at the intersection of electoral ballots and parking brake malfunctions.
As we cast our net wider, we encounter seminal works that, while not directly related to our peculiar subject, offer tantalizing parallels. "The Art of Seductive Sales Pitches" by John Smith (2012) explores the craft of persuasion, perhaps offering indirect insights into the allure of Libertarian ideologies in Rhode Island. Meanwhile, the timeless classic "Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance" by Robert M. Pirsig (1974) might inspire contemplation on the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated systems, much like the curious connection we seek to unravel.
Venturing further into the realm of fiction, we encounter works that, while not academic in nature, weave narratives that resonate with our research pursuits. "The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time" by Mark Haddon sends ripples of curiosity, hinting at the unexpected revelations that lie beneath seemingly mundane occurrences. In a more whimsical vein, "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" by Lewis Carroll playfully taunts us to question the limits of logic and reason, much like the unfathomable correlation we seek to decipher.
Drawing inspiration from unlikely sources, our research team was enlightened by the strategic maneuverings and calculated risk-taking in the board game "Formula D." As players navigate the twists and turns of the race track, they face unforeseen obstacles that mirror the surprising connections awaiting discovery in our study.
Armed with insights from these diverse sources, we embark on an academic adventure unlike any other, ready to unravel the whimsical correlation between political preferences and parking brake malfunctions in the ocean state of Rhode Island. Fasten your seatbelts - not the parking brake, though - for the bumpy but exhilarating ride that lies ahead.

[[RESULTS]]
Our analysis of the data revealed a striking correlation between the number of votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the frequency of automotive recalls for parking brake issues. The correlation coefficient of 0.9545165 and an r-squared of 0.9111017 imply a remarkably strong relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. It appears that political leanings and parking brake malfunctions are entwined in a manner that we are only beginning to comprehend.
Fig. 1 presents a scatterplot illustrating the robust correlation between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and automotive recalls for parking brake issues. The scatterplot showcases a clear linear association, leaving little room for doubt regarding the strength of the relationship. The clusters of data points resemble a tangled web of political intrigue and automotive mishaps, challenging our preconceived notions of cause and effect.
The p-value of less than 0.01 further cements the statistical significance of this connection, leaving us no choice but to acknowledge the unlikely alliance between political preferences and parking brake malfunctions in the Ocean State. It's as if the voters and the parking brakes have entered into a secret pact, operating in unison to confound our expectations and leave us scratching our heads in bewilderment.
At first glance, one might be inclined to dismiss this correlation as a mere fluke—an anomaly in the vast expanse of empirical data. However, the strength and consistency of the relationship across the four-decade timespan from 1976 to 2020 cannot be overlooked. The parking brake's covert allegiance to the political realm is both confounding and captivating, revealing a dimension of correlation that extends beyond the confines of conventional wisdom.
In summary, our findings are as unexpected as they are beguiling. The connection between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and automotive recalls for parking brake issues defies conventional logic, providing an intriguing puzzle for researchers and enthusiasts alike. This study offers a singular glimpse into the uncanny interplay between politics and automotive engineering, inviting further exploration and contemplation.
The mystery deepens, and our adventure continues as we seek to unravel the enigmatic bond between political choices and parking brake glitches—truly an unexpected turn in the annals of empirical research.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:


[[DISCUSSION]]

The unexpected and peculiar correlation that we revealed between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and automotive recalls for parking brake issues raises more questions than it answers. As we ponder this enigmatic alliance, it's worth harkening back to the timeless wisdom of Smith and Doe (2010) about correlations unveiling hidden truths. Indeed, our findings have brought to light a truth stranger than fiction—an unanticipated kinship between the political inclinations of Rhode Islanders and the mechanical tribulations of their parking brakes.

Moreover, Jones (2005) poignantly documented the complexities of automotive recalls, offering indirect insights into the unexpected synergy that our analysis has laid bare. Little did they anticipate the whimsical twist that awaited at the intersection of electoral ballots and parking brake malfunctions. The parallels are uncanny, and our research has added another layer of intrigue to the narrative of automotive recalls, merging it with the fabric of Rhode Island's political landscape.

The robust correlation coefficient and statistical significance of our findings lend credence to the peculiar relationship between political affiliations and mechanical glitches. The data, represented with compelling clarity in our scatterplot, paints a picture of entwined destinies between political choices and automotive setbacks. It's as if the voters and the parking brakes have orchestrated a clandestine dance, defying conventional expectations and leaving us in awe of their unlikely collaboration.

In traversing the bumpy but exhilarating terrain of empirical research, we have stumbled upon a mystery that challenges the boundaries of traditional understanding. The question of why votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island seem to foreshadow an uptick in automotive recalls for parking brake issues remains shrouded in enigma. Perhaps our discovery serves as a light-hearted reminder that correlation does not equate to causation, but it certainly ignites curiosity and invites further exploration into the unexpected intersections of seemingly unrelated phenomena.

In summary, our study has unearthed an unparalleled dimension of correlation that transcends the ordinary realms of statistical analysis. The alliance between political preferences and parking brake malfunctions in the Ocean State stands as a testament to the whimsical and unpredictable nature of empirical research. This unanticipated turn in the annals of academic exploration stands as a humorous reminder that truth can be stranger than fiction, and that statistical analysis, much like Rhode Island's voting patterns, can hold surprising and seemingly inexplicable twists of fate. As we close this discussion, we invite fellow researchers to buckle up and prepare for the exhilarating ride that awaits as we delve deeper into the mysteries that lie at the crossroads of electoral preferences and automotive engineering.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island and Automotive recalls for issues with the Parking Brake. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Breaking News: The Brake for Libertarians - An Empirical Study on the Correlation between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential Candidate in Rhode Island and Automotive Recalls for Parking Brake Issues"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study investigates the unexpected and peculiar connection between the voting patterns for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the occurrence of automotive recalls for parking brake issues. Utilizing data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the US Department of Transportation, our research team delved into decades of electoral and automotive recall records. The analysis revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9545165 and a p-value of less than 0.01, spanning the years 1976 to 2020. The findings of this study shed light on the curious relationship between political preferences and parking brake malfunctions, unravelling an intriguing mystery at the intersection of politics and automotive engineering. Grab your popcorn and buckle up as we navigate through the unexpected twists and turns of this unique correlation.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
In the world of empirical research, one often stumbles upon correlations that defy logic and expectations. Some relationships are as clear as day, while others are as murky as a used car salesman's pitch. Our current study delves into the latter category, bringing to the forefront a peculiar and unexpected connection between the voting patterns for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the occurrence of automotive recalls for parking brake issues. Yes, you read that right! We are peering through the political windshield to uncover the mysterious signals sent by the parking brake of all things.
It is no secret that politics can sometimes feel like navigating through a minefield, and apparently, the same holds true for parking brakes. As researchers, we are driven by a relentless curiosity to unearth the quirky and the bizarre. We embarked on this journey armed with data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the US Department of Transportation, ready to uncover the unexpected twists and turns in this unique correlation.
Buckle up, dear readers, as we embark on this peculiar journey at the intersection of politics and automotive engineering. It promises to be a wild ride through the realm of empirical research, where the only speed limit is the boundaries of our imagination. We invite you to join us as we peel back the layers of this curious relationship and unravel a mystery that is sure to intrigue and baffle in equal measure.

[[RESULTS]]
Our analysis of the data revealed a striking correlation between the number of votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the frequency of automotive recalls for parking brake issues. The correlation coefficient of 0.9545165 and an r-squared of 0.9111017 imply a remarkably strong relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. It appears that political leanings and parking brake malfunctions are entwined in a manner that we are only beginning to comprehend.
Fig. 1 presents a scatterplot illustrating the robust correlation between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and automotive recalls for parking brake issues. The scatterplot showcases a clear linear association, leaving little room for doubt regarding the strength of the relationship. The clusters of data points resemble a tangled web of political intrigue and automotive mishaps, challenging our preconceived notions of cause and effect.
The p-value of less than 0.01 further cements the statistical significance of this connection, leaving us no choice but to acknowledge the unlikely alliance between political preferences and parking brake malfunctions in the Ocean State. It's as if the voters and the parking brakes have entered into a secret pact, operating in unison to confound our expectations and leave us scratching our heads in bewilderment.
At first glance, one might be inclined to dismiss this correlation as a mere fluke—an anomaly in the vast expanse of empirical data. However, the strength and consistency of the relationship across the four-decade timespan from 1976 to 2020 cannot be overlooked. The parking brake's covert allegiance to the political realm is both confounding and captivating, revealing a dimension of correlation that extends beyond the confines of conventional wisdom.
In summary, our findings are as unexpected as they are beguiling. The connection between votes for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and automotive recalls for parking brake issues defies conventional logic, providing an intriguing puzzle for researchers and enthusiasts alike. This study offers a singular glimpse into the uncanny interplay between politics and automotive engineering, inviting further exploration and contemplation.
The mystery deepens, and our adventure continues as we seek to unravel the enigmatic bond between political choices and parking brake glitches—truly an unexpected turn in the annals of empirical research.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In the grand theater of empirical research, where unexpected correlations often steal the show, our study has uncovered a relationship between the Libertarian presidential candidate's votes in Rhode Island and automotive recalls for parking brake issues that is as perplexing as it is undeniable. The statistical strength of the correlation, with a coefficient resembling a stubborn parking brake, leaves us no choice but to acknowledge the bewildering alliance between political preferences and automotive malfunctions.

It seems that as politicians campaign and make promises, parking brakes silently conspire to assert their presence in the political arena. Perhaps we should add "parking brake malfunction" as a choice in the ballot for the next election, allowing citizens to cast their votes based on the state of their vehicles. Just imagine the debates on whether to release the brake or keep it engaged!

While we are tempted to dismiss this correlation as a mere anomaly, the consistency across decades leaves us with no handbrake to pull on our pursuit of understanding. The parking brake, it seems, has taken a literal and figurative stance in the political landscape of Rhode Island, reminding us that in the labyrinth of empirical data, surprises await us at every turn.

In the spirit of scholarly inquiry, we assert that no more research is needed in this area. After all, some correlations are best left to baffle and mystify us, much like an unexpected parking brake engagement while driving. Let this curious connection between political leanings and parking brake malfunctions remain a delightful enigma in the annals of empirical research, awaiting enthusiasts to ponder over its twists and turns.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Breaking News: The Brake for Libertarians - An Empirical Study on the Correlation between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential Candidate in Rhode Island and Automotive Recalls for Parking Brake Issues. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Automotive Political Science


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Breaking News: The Brake for Libertarians - An Empirical Study on the Correlation between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential Candidate in Rhode Island and Automotive Recalls for Parking Brake Issues. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Quirky Sociopolitical and Automotive Research


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Breaking News: The Brake for Libertarians - An Empirical Study on the Correlation between Votes for the Libertarian Presidential Candidate in Rhode Island and Automotive Recalls for Parking Brake Issues with an abstract of This study investigates the unexpected and peculiar connection between the voting patterns for the Libertarian presidential candidate in Rhode Island and the occurrence of automotive recalls for parking brake issues. Utilizing data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the US Department of Transportation, our research team delved into decades of electoral and automotive recall records. The analysis revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9545165 and a p-value of less than 0.01, spanning the years 1976 to 2020. The findings of this study shed light on the curious relationship between political preferences and parking brake malfunctions, unravelling an intriguing mystery at the intersection of politics and automotive engineering. Grab your popcorn and buckle up as we navigate through the unexpected twists and turns of this unique correlation.

ChatGPT:

Libertarian presidential candidate, Rhode Island, automotive recalls, parking brake issues, correlation study, voting patterns, MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, US Department of Transportation, correlation coefficient, p-value, political preferences, parking brake malfunctions, electoral records, automotive recall records, political preferences, automotive engineering intersection, political preferences, unique correlation.

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island
Detailed data title: Percentage of all votes cast for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island
Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse
See what else correlates with Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island

Automotive recalls for issues with the Parking Brake
Source: US DOT
See what else correlates with Automotive recalls for issues with the Parking Brake

Correlation r = 0.9545165 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.9111017 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 91.1% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Automotive recalls for issues with the Parking Brake) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island) over the 11 years from 1976 through 2020.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 5.003E-6. 0.0000050030253820680060000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.95 in 0.0005003% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 199,879 random variables You don't actually need 199 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 10 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 10 because we have two variables measured over a period of 11 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.83, 0.99 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
19761980198819921996200020042008201220162020
Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island (Percentage of votes)0.1741420.5909120.2038940.1259470.2841790.1813680.2074880.2929420.9837483.177030.977388
Automotive recalls for issues with the Parking Brake (Recalls)2521666872810




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([0.174142,0.590912,0.203894,0.125947,0.284179,0.181368,0.207488,0.292942,0.983748,3.17703,0.977388,])
array_2 = np.array([2,5,2,1,6,6,6,8,7,28,10,])
array_1_name = "Votes for the Libertarian Presidential candidate in Rhode Island"
array_2_name = "Automotive recalls for issues with the Parking Brake"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

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Correlation ID: 4702 · Black Variable ID: 26162 · Red Variable ID: 1113
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