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AI explanation
As Neptune cozied up to the Sun, its gravitational pull weakened, leading to a ripple effect on Earth. This subtly altered the atmospheric pressure, creating a localized anti-smog zone right over Oxnard. It's like Neptune moonwalked closer to the Sun, and inadvertently moonwalked Oxnard into cleaner air. So, next time you want to clear the air in Oxnard, just give Neptune a little celestial nudge!
Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image of a 3D Pixar-style scene where the sky above Oxnard, California is depicted with Neptune doing the moonwalk, appearing closer to the Sun than usual. The atmosphere in the streets of Oxnard should show a noticeable cleanliness with a gentle breeze sweeping away the pollution, creating a localized anti-smog zone. The focus should be on the contrast between the celestial whimsy and the earthly serenity. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Oxnard, California. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: 3D Pixar Style a funny image you would see on reddit Brutalism a funny image macro Cutsy art illustration
ChatGPT: 3D Pixar Style
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Oxnard, California, in the following situation: As Neptune cozied up to the Sun, its gravitational pull weakened, leading to a ripple effect on Earth. This subtly altered the atmospheric pressure, creating a localized anti-smog zone right over Oxnard. It's like Neptune moonwalked closer to the Sun, and inadvertently moonwalked Oxnard into cleaner air. So, next time you want to clear the air in Oxnard, just give Neptune a little celestial nudge!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In the sky above Oxnard, California, Neptune is seen doing the moonwalk, appearing closer to the Sun than usual. Meanwhile, in the streets of Oxnard, the air appears noticeably cleaner with a light breeze gently blowing away the pollution, creating a localized anti-smog zone.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ 3D Pixar Style ] and depicting this scene: In the sky above Oxnard, California, Neptune is seen doing the moonwalk, appearing closer to the Sun than usual. Meanwhile, in the streets of Oxnard, the air appears noticeably cleaner with a light breeze gently blowing away the pollution, creating a localized anti-smog zone. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image of a 3D Pixar-style scene where the sky above Oxnard, California is depicted with Neptune doing the moonwalk, appearing closer to the Sun than usual. The atmosphere in the streets of Oxnard should show a noticeable cleanliness with a gentle breeze sweeping away the pollution, creating a localized anti-smog zone. The focus should be on the contrast between the celestial whimsy and the earthly serenity.
*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.
I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how a decrease in The distance between Neptune and the Sun caused Air pollution in Oxnard, California to decrease.
AI academic paper
 |
When Neptune's Away, the Air Will Play: A Cosmic Comedy of Connection Between Planetary Proximity and Air Pollution in Oxnard, California Journal of Planetary Proximity and Atmospheric Anecdotes Jan 2024 Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real! |
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Oxnard, California. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.
Make the title seem clever.
Your research team used data from Caclculated using Astropy and Environmental Protection Agency to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9633835 and p < 0.01 for 1980 to 2023.
Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)
[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit
[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit
ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
When Neptune's Away, the Air Will Play: A Cosmic Comedy of Connection Between Planetary Proximity and Air Pollution in Oxnard, California
[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unlikely linkage between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and the air pollution levels in Oxnard, California. Combining data from Astropy and the Environmental Protection Agency, our research team sought to uncover any correlation between these seemingly disparate factors. Utilizing statistical analysis, we found a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9633835 and a p-value less than 0.01 for the years spanning 1980 to 2023. The results of our research demonstrate an unexpected interplanetary influence on atmospheric conditions, prompting us to explore the atmos-far-out-ic connections between distant planets and Earthly pollution levels. As we unravel the cosmic comedy of this correlation, our work underscores the celestial whimsy woven into our earthly environment.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Oxnard, California. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.
Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
When Neptune's Away, the Air Will Play: A Cosmic Comedy of Connection Between Planetary Proximity and Air Pollution in Oxnard, California
[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unlikely linkage between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and the air pollution levels in Oxnard, California. Combining data from Astropy and the Environmental Protection Agency, our research team sought to uncover any correlation between these seemingly disparate factors. Utilizing statistical analysis, we found a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9633835 and a p-value less than 0.01 for the years spanning 1980 to 2023. The results of our research demonstrate an unexpected interplanetary influence on atmospheric conditions, prompting us to explore the atmos-far-out-ic connections between distant planets and Earthly pollution levels. As we unravel the cosmic comedy of this correlation, our work underscores the celestial whimsy woven into our earthly environment.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
ChatGPT:
Introduction
When it comes to the interplay between celestial bodies and earthly phenomena, one might expect to encounter a myriad of cosmic curiosities and astrological oddities. However, the realm of planetary influencers on terrestrial affairs rarely extends beyond the scope of gravitational tugs and lunar phases. Nevertheless, our research has led us to uncover an unexpected and, dare we say, otherworldly connection between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and air pollution levels in the idyllic city of Oxnard, California.
The idea that a distant, gaseous giant in our solar system could have any bearing on the air quality of a coastal city may seem like the premise of a far-fetched sci-fi flick or a cosmic comedy. Yet, with a combination of empirical data and statistical analysis, we have unearthed a correlation of such magnitude that even the most skeptical of scientists would be forced to take pause and consider the unearthly implications.
As we plunge into the uncharted depths of this celestial rabbit hole, it's imperative to recognize the gravity of the situation - both in the astronomical and figurative sense. The astrophysical conundrum we are about to unravel could very well leave our readers stargazing in awe at the cosmic connections between distant planets and the atmospheric conditions of our pale blue dot. So, brace yourselves for a journey that's equal parts scientific scrutiny and intergalactic comedy, as we venture forth to explore the cosmic ballet of planetary proximity and pollution levels.
Amidst the jargon of statistical analyses and astrophysical musings, we're here to assure you that our study is not devoid of mirth, wit, and perhaps a sprinkle of cosmic absurdity. After all, isn't it fitting to approach a subject as out-of-this-world as this one with a healthy dose of levity? So, buckle up, dear readers, for a scientific odyssey that's about to take you on an atmos-far-out-ic rollercoaster ride from the outer reaches of our solar system to the smog-filled streets of Oxnard, California.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Oxnard, California. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.
Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.
Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.
Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then you might move on to cartoons and children's shows that you watched for research.
Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
When Neptune's Away, the Air Will Play: A Cosmic Comedy of Connection Between Planetary Proximity and Air Pollution in Oxnard, California
[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unlikely linkage between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and the air pollution levels in Oxnard, California. Combining data from Astropy and the Environmental Protection Agency, our research team sought to uncover any correlation between these seemingly disparate factors. Utilizing statistical analysis, we found a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9633835 and a p-value less than 0.01 for the years spanning 1980 to 2023. The results of our research demonstrate an unexpected interplanetary influence on atmospheric conditions, prompting us to explore the atmos-far-out-ic connections between distant planets and Earthly pollution levels. As we unravel the cosmic comedy of this correlation, our work underscores the celestial whimsy woven into our earthly environment.
-------
And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
Introduction
When it comes to the interplay between celestial bodies and earthly phenomena, one might expect to encounter a myriad of cosmic curiosities and astrological oddities. However, the realm of planetary influencers on terrestrial affairs rarely extends beyond the scope of gravitational tugs and lunar phases. Nevertheless, our research has led us to uncover an unexpected and, dare we say, otherworldly connection between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and air pollution levels in the idyllic city of Oxnard, California.
The idea that a distant, gaseous giant in our solar system could have any bearing on the air quality of a coastal city may seem like the premise of a far-fetched sci-fi flick or a cosmic comedy. Yet, with a combination of empirical data and statistical analysis, we have unearthed a correlation of such magnitude that even the most skeptical of scientists would be forced to take pause and consider the unearthly implications.
As we plunge into the uncharted depths of this celestial rabbit hole, it's imperative to recognize the gravity of the situation - both in the astronomical and figurative sense. The astrophysical conundrum we are about to unravel could very well leave our readers stargazing in awe at the cosmic connections between distant planets and the atmospheric conditions of our pale blue dot. So, brace yourselves for a journey that's equal parts scientific scrutiny and intergalactic comedy, as we venture forth to explore the cosmic ballet of planetary proximity and pollution levels.
Amidst the jargon of statistical analyses and astrophysical musings, we're here to assure you that our study is not devoid of mirth, wit, and perhaps a sprinkle of cosmic absurdity. After all, isn't it fitting to approach a subject as out-of-this-world as this one with a healthy dose of levity? So, buckle up, dear readers, for a scientific odyssey that's about to take you on an atmos-far-out-ic rollercoaster ride from the outer reaches of our solar system to the smog-filled streets of Oxnard, California.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In "Planetary Influences on Atmospheric Conditions," Smith et al. suggest that the gravitational pull and orbital dynamics of celestial bodies could potentially impact Earth's atmosphere. While their focus is primarily on the influence of the moon and other nearby planets, their findings hint at the possibility of more distant celestial objects playing a role in atmospheric phenomena. Their work lays the groundwork for our exploration of the interstellar absurdity that is the connection between Neptune's position and air pollution in Oxnard, California.
Doe and Jones, in "The Cosmic Connection: Unearthing Celestial Influences on Earthly Affairs," present a comprehensive analysis of various celestial factors and their potential effects on terrestrial events. However, their work, while thought-provoking, does not explicitly delve into the specific correlation between Neptune's distance from the Sun and local air pollution levels. Nonetheless, their wide-ranging examination of cosmic influences prompts a consideration of the far-reaching impact of planetary positions.
Turning to a more general exploration of celestial bodies, "Cosmos: A Personal Voyage" by Carl Sagan, discusses the vastness of the universe and the interconnectedness of all celestial phenomena. While Sagan's work does not specifically address the Neptune-Oxnard air pollution nexus, his cosmic perspective encourages a broadened outlook on the potential interplay between celestial events and earthly occurrences.
On the literary front, "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" by Douglas Adams and "Slaughterhouse-Five" by Kurt Vonnegut venture into the realm of cosmic absurdity and the unexpected intersections of far-flung phenomena. While these works may not directly relate to our research topic, their whimsical approach to the cosmic ballet may offer a light-hearted respite amidst the scholarly inquiry into Neptune's impact on earthly pollution.
In a slightly different vein, the animated series "Futurama" and "The Jetsons" playfully explore futuristic worlds and the implications of advanced technology and space travel on everyday life. While these fictional depictions may not provide direct scientific insights, their imaginative portrayals of interplanetary interactions offer a whimsical backdrop for contemplating the outlandish notion of Neptune's influence on Oxnard's air quality.
In the realm of children's shows, "The Magic School Bus" and "Bill Nye the Science Guy" present educational content on scientific principles and natural phenomena. While their focus is primarily on Earth-bound topics, the spirit of exploration and discovery they embody encapsulates the essence of our research journey as we unravel the cosmic comedy of planetary proximity and pollution levels.
As we navigate this intergalactic tapestry of literature and media, it's evident that the cosmic connections we seek to explore have captured the imagination of writers, filmmakers, and educators alike. With a nod to both scholarly inquiry and whimsical wonder, our investigation delves into the celestial whimsy that may very well influence the atmospheric conditions of Oxnard, California.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Oxnard, California. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.
Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Caclculated using Astropy and Environmental Protection Agency . You used data from 1980 to 2023
Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.
Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
When Neptune's Away, the Air Will Play: A Cosmic Comedy of Connection Between Planetary Proximity and Air Pollution in Oxnard, California
[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unlikely linkage between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and the air pollution levels in Oxnard, California. Combining data from Astropy and the Environmental Protection Agency, our research team sought to uncover any correlation between these seemingly disparate factors. Utilizing statistical analysis, we found a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9633835 and a p-value less than 0.01 for the years spanning 1980 to 2023. The results of our research demonstrate an unexpected interplanetary influence on atmospheric conditions, prompting us to explore the atmos-far-out-ic connections between distant planets and Earthly pollution levels. As we unravel the cosmic comedy of this correlation, our work underscores the celestial whimsy woven into our earthly environment.
[[INTRODUCTION]]
Introduction
When it comes to the interplay between celestial bodies and earthly phenomena, one might expect to encounter a myriad of cosmic curiosities and astrological oddities. However, the realm of planetary influencers on terrestrial affairs rarely extends beyond the scope of gravitational tugs and lunar phases. Nevertheless, our research has led us to uncover an unexpected and, dare we say, otherworldly connection between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and air pollution levels in the idyllic city of Oxnard, California.
The idea that a distant, gaseous giant in our solar system could have any bearing on the air quality of a coastal city may seem like the premise of a far-fetched sci-fi flick or a cosmic comedy. Yet, with a combination of empirical data and statistical analysis, we have unearthed a correlation of such magnitude that even the most skeptical of scientists would be forced to take pause and consider the unearthly implications.
As we plunge into the uncharted depths of this celestial rabbit hole, it's imperative to recognize the gravity of the situation - both in the astronomical and figurative sense. The astrophysical conundrum we are about to unravel could very well leave our readers stargazing in awe at the cosmic connections between distant planets and the atmospheric conditions of our pale blue dot. So, brace yourselves for a journey that's equal parts scientific scrutiny and intergalactic comedy, as we venture forth to explore the cosmic ballet of planetary proximity and pollution levels.
Amidst the jargon of statistical analyses and astrophysical musings, we're here to assure you that our study is not devoid of mirth, wit, and perhaps a sprinkle of cosmic absurdity. After all, isn't it fitting to approach a subject as out-of-this-world as this one with a healthy dose of levity? So, buckle up, dear readers, for a scientific odyssey that's about to take you on an atmos-far-out-ic rollercoaster ride from the outer reaches of our solar system to the smog-filled streets of Oxnard, California.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
ChatGPT:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
To unravel the cosmic mystery of the connection between Neptune's distance from the Sun and air pollution in Oxnard, California, our research team embarked on an odyssey through the cosmos and the data-laden corridors of terrestrial environmental records. Our methodology involved a fusion of astrophysical calculations, terrestrial air quality monitoring, and a sprinkle of good humor to navigate the uncharted waters of celestial-influenced pollution.
Firstly, we utilized data from Astropy, an open-source astronomical data analysis library, to precisely calculate the distance between Neptune and the Sun at various time points spanning from 1980 to 2023. This involved wrangling with vast datasets, engaging in complex computations, and perhaps a fair amount of cosmic contemplation while we pondered Neptune and its role in the grand celestial ballet.
Meanwhile, on Earth, we turned to the Environmental Protection Agency's repository of air quality data for Oxnard, California. Our intrepid researchers sifted through decades of atmospheric measurements, braving the digital winds of data entry and the occasional smog-induced sneeze, to extract a comprehensive understanding of air pollution levels in this coastal city.
Having collected these disparate yet crucial datasets, we then embarked on a statistical adventure. Utilizing advanced analytical techniques that may have caused more than a few furrowed brows and raised eyebrows among our statistical colleagues, we sought to uncover any inkling of correlation between Neptune's celestial sojourns and the atmospheric woes of Oxnard.
The statistical analyses involved calculations of correlation coefficients, regression models, and p-values, all wrapped in a sturdy layer of scientific rigor and a dash of cosmic curiosity. These methods allowed us to sift through the data noise and discern the signals of the cosmic ballet being played out between Neptune's distance and air pollution levels in Oxnard.
While the methods may have been complex, our resolve remained strong, fortified by copious cups of coffee and an unwavering determination to uncover the cosmic comedy lurking within the data. As we ventured forth, wielding statistical significance like a celestial scepter, the results began to unveil a surprising connection that teased at the cosmic whimsy woven into Earthly atmospheres.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Oxnard, California. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.
Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Caclculated using Astropy and Environmental Protection Agency .
For the time period 1980 to 2023, you found a correlation 0.9633835, r-squared of 0.9281078, and p < 0.01.
One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.
Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
When Neptune's Away, the Air Will Play: A Cosmic Comedy of Connection Between Planetary Proximity and Air Pollution in Oxnard, California
[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unlikely linkage between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and the air pollution levels in Oxnard, California. Combining data from Astropy and the Environmental Protection Agency, our research team sought to uncover any correlation between these seemingly disparate factors. Utilizing statistical analysis, we found a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9633835 and a p-value less than 0.01 for the years spanning 1980 to 2023. The results of our research demonstrate an unexpected interplanetary influence on atmospheric conditions, prompting us to explore the atmos-far-out-ic connections between distant planets and Earthly pollution levels. As we unravel the cosmic comedy of this correlation, our work underscores the celestial whimsy woven into our earthly environment.
-------
And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
Introduction
When it comes to the interplay between celestial bodies and earthly phenomena, one might expect to encounter a myriad of cosmic curiosities and astrological oddities. However, the realm of planetary influencers on terrestrial affairs rarely extends beyond the scope of gravitational tugs and lunar phases. Nevertheless, our research has led us to uncover an unexpected and, dare we say, otherworldly connection between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and air pollution levels in the idyllic city of Oxnard, California.
The idea that a distant, gaseous giant in our solar system could have any bearing on the air quality of a coastal city may seem like the premise of a far-fetched sci-fi flick or a cosmic comedy. Yet, with a combination of empirical data and statistical analysis, we have unearthed a correlation of such magnitude that even the most skeptical of scientists would be forced to take pause and consider the unearthly implications.
As we plunge into the uncharted depths of this celestial rabbit hole, it's imperative to recognize the gravity of the situation - both in the astronomical and figurative sense. The astrophysical conundrum we are about to unravel could very well leave our readers stargazing in awe at the cosmic connections between distant planets and the atmospheric conditions of our pale blue dot. So, brace yourselves for a journey that's equal parts scientific scrutiny and intergalactic comedy, as we venture forth to explore the cosmic ballet of planetary proximity and pollution levels.
Amidst the jargon of statistical analyses and astrophysical musings, we're here to assure you that our study is not devoid of mirth, wit, and perhaps a sprinkle of cosmic absurdity. After all, isn't it fitting to approach a subject as out-of-this-world as this one with a healthy dose of levity? So, buckle up, dear readers, for a scientific odyssey that's about to take you on an atmos-far-out-ic rollercoaster ride from the outer reaches of our solar system to the smog-filled streets of Oxnard, California.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[RESULTS]]
ChatGPT:
[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of our data from the years 1980 to 2023 revealed a striking correlation between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and air pollution levels in Oxnard, California. With a correlation coefficient of 0.9633835 and an r-squared value of 0.9281078, it became evident that something truly "out of this world" was at play, quite literally.
The scatterplot (Fig. 1) depicted a strong linear relationship between the two variables, highlighting the undeniable influence of Neptune's whereabouts on the air quality of Oxnard. It's as if the cosmic dance of the planets was choreographing an intricate waltz of atmospheric dynamics right here on Earth!
This unearthly correlation left our research team in awe, prompting us to consider whether Neptune was clandestinely exhaling pollutants towards our lovely Oxnard. Alas, we know that's not the case, as Neptune's atmosphere mainly consists of hydrogen, helium, and traces of methane. However, the humorous image of a mischievous Neptunian culprit sneaking greenhouse gases into our atmosphere did keep our team entertained during late-night data crunching sessions.
Our findings not only defied conventional wisdom but also opened the door to a myriad of celestial comedy and pun opportunities. An unexpected message from the heavens, if you will, reminding us that the cosmos often has a way of tickling our scientific fancies.
As we dig deeper into the implications of these results, it's clear that the cosmic stage upon which our solar system performs its endless theatrics has indeed woven an unseen thread of connection between Neptune's distant orbit and the air quality in Oxnard. This revelation challenges the boundaries of our understanding and invites us to ponder the cosmic coincidences that influence our daily lives.
In conclusion, the findings of this study not only add a celestial twist to the ongoing discourse on air pollution but also remind us that in the grand cosmic comedy, there are no small roles for even the farthest planets in shaping the nuances of our earthly existence. We hope that our whimsical journey through the celestial realms has left our readers equally enthralled, amused, and perhaps even stargazing with a newfound appreciation for the cosmic connections that transcend the infinite bounds of space and time.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Oxnard, California. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.
Limit your response to 500 tokens.
Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.
Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.
[[TITLE]]
When Neptune's Away, the Air Will Play: A Cosmic Comedy of Connection Between Planetary Proximity and Air Pollution in Oxnard, California
[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unlikely linkage between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and the air pollution levels in Oxnard, California. Combining data from Astropy and the Environmental Protection Agency, our research team sought to uncover any correlation between these seemingly disparate factors. Utilizing statistical analysis, we found a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9633835 and a p-value less than 0.01 for the years spanning 1980 to 2023. The results of our research demonstrate an unexpected interplanetary influence on atmospheric conditions, prompting us to explore the atmos-far-out-ic connections between distant planets and Earthly pollution levels. As we unravel the cosmic comedy of this correlation, our work underscores the celestial whimsy woven into our earthly environment.
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In "Planetary Influences on Atmospheric Conditions," Smith et al. suggest that the gravitational pull and orbital dynamics of celestial bodies could potentially impact Earth's atmosphere. While their focus is primarily on the influence of the moon and other nearby planets, their findings hint at the possibility of more distant celestial objects playing a role in atmospheric phenomena. Their work lays the groundwork for our exploration of the interstellar absurdity that is the connection between Neptune's position and air pollution in Oxnard, California.
Doe and Jones, in "The Cosmic Connection: Unearthing Celestial Influences on Earthly Affairs," present a comprehensive analysis of various celestial factors and their potential effects on terrestrial events. However, their work, while thought-provoking, does not explicitly delve into the specific correlation between Neptune's distance from the Sun and local air pollution levels. Nonetheless, their wide-ranging examination of cosmic influences prompts a consideration of the far-reaching impact of planetary positions.
Turning to a more general exploration of celestial bodies, "Cosmos: A Personal Voyage" by Carl Sagan, discusses the vastness of the universe and the interconnectedness of all celestial phenomena. While Sagan's work does not specifically address the Neptune-Oxnard air pollution nexus, his cosmic perspective encourages a broadened outlook on the potential interplay between celestial events and earthly occurrences.
On the literary front, "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" by Douglas Adams and "Slaughterhouse-Five" by Kurt Vonnegut venture into the realm of cosmic absurdity and the unexpected intersections of far-flung phenomena. While these works may not directly relate to our research topic, their whimsical approach to the cosmic ballet may offer a light-hearted respite amidst the scholarly inquiry into Neptune's impact on earthly pollution.
In a slightly different vein, the animated series "Futurama" and "The Jetsons" playfully explore futuristic worlds and the implications of advanced technology and space travel on everyday life. While these fictional depictions may not provide direct scientific insights, their imaginative portrayals of interplanetary interactions offer a whimsical backdrop for contemplating the outlandish notion of Neptune's influence on Oxnard's air quality.
In the realm of children's shows, "The Magic School Bus" and "Bill Nye the Science Guy" present educational content on scientific principles and natural phenomena. While their focus is primarily on Earth-bound topics, the spirit of exploration and discovery they embody encapsulates the essence of our research journey as we unravel the cosmic comedy of planetary proximity and pollution levels.
As we navigate this intergalactic tapestry of literature and media, it's evident that the cosmic connections we seek to explore have captured the imagination of writers, filmmakers, and educators alike. With a nod to both scholarly inquiry and whimsical wonder, our investigation delves into the celestial whimsy that may very well influence the atmospheric conditions of Oxnard, California.
[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of our data from the years 1980 to 2023 revealed a striking correlation between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and air pollution levels in Oxnard, California. With a correlation coefficient of 0.9633835 and an r-squared value of 0.9281078, it became evident that something truly "out of this world" was at play, quite literally.
The scatterplot (Fig. 1) depicted a strong linear relationship between the two variables, highlighting the undeniable influence of Neptune's whereabouts on the air quality of Oxnard. It's as if the cosmic dance of the planets was choreographing an intricate waltz of atmospheric dynamics right here on Earth!
This unearthly correlation left our research team in awe, prompting us to consider whether Neptune was clandestinely exhaling pollutants towards our lovely Oxnard. Alas, we know that's not the case, as Neptune's atmosphere mainly consists of hydrogen, helium, and traces of methane. However, the humorous image of a mischievous Neptunian culprit sneaking greenhouse gases into our atmosphere did keep our team entertained during late-night data crunching sessions.
Our findings not only defied conventional wisdom but also opened the door to a myriad of celestial comedy and pun opportunities. An unexpected message from the heavens, if you will, reminding us that the cosmos often has a way of tickling our scientific fancies.
As we dig deeper into the implications of these results, it's clear that the cosmic stage upon which our solar system performs its endless theatrics has indeed woven an unseen thread of connection between Neptune's distant orbit and the air quality in Oxnard. This revelation challenges the boundaries of our understanding and invites us to ponder the cosmic coincidences that influence our daily lives.
In conclusion, the findings of this study not only add a celestial twist to the ongoing discourse on air pollution but also remind us that in the grand cosmic comedy, there are no small roles for even the farthest planets in shaping the nuances of our earthly existence. We hope that our whimsical journey through the celestial realms has left our readers equally enthralled, amused, and perhaps even stargazing with a newfound appreciation for the cosmic connections that transcend the infinite bounds of space and time.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[DISCUSSION]]
ChatGPT:
[[DISCUSSION]]
Our research has, pun intended, taken us on a cosmically comical journey through the celestial realm, shedding light on the unexpected connection between Neptune's distant orbit and the air quality of Oxnard, California. The seemingly bizarre correlation we uncovered aligns with the previous light-hearted literature, including the whimsical tales of Douglas Adams and Kurt Vonnegut. Much like the plot twists and turns in "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy," our findings prove that reality can be stranger than fiction.
The correlation coefficient and r-squared value obtained in our analysis solidify the interstellar absurdity at play, offering empirical support for the playful speculations of Carl Sagan and the educational enthusiasm of "The Magic School Bus" and "Bill Nye the Science Guy." It seems that even in the seemingly infinite expanse of space, the pull of celestial bodies can have a tangible influence on Earthly phenomena, reminding us that the universe contains more surprises than a cosmic Easter egg hunt.
What our results illustrate is not just a statistical relationship, but a cosmic comedy script written in the stars. The scatterplot depicting the linear relationship between Neptune's distance from the sun and air pollution levels in Oxnard is akin to a cosmic punchline, revealing a synchrony so unexpected that it could rival the antics of "Futurama" and "The Jetsons." It's as if the universe decided to add a dash of planetary panache to our scientific inquiry, leaving us marveling at the cosmic absurdity that dances through the fabric of reality.
Moreover, our findings reinforce the notion presented by Smith et al. that even distant celestial objects could have a gravitational and orbital sway on atmospheric conditions. The seemingly far-fetched idea that Neptune's position could influence air pollution levels has turned from a cosmic jest into a substantial scientific discovery, underscoring the need to consider even the most outlandish hypotheses in our quest for understanding.
In this interplanetary pas de deux, Neptune may not be clandestinely exhaling pollutants toward Oxnard, as our late-night jest proposed, but its cosmic choreography with the Sun certainly seems to have an unforeseen influence on local air quality. Our research has unveiled a cosmic comedy of epic proportions, reminding us that the universe has a flair for staging surprises that even the most ingenious science fiction writers could not have concocted. So, who knew that the mischievous hand of celestial bodies might be subtly shaping the air we breathe, making even the most distant planets part of our local air pollution narrative? The cosmic joke, it seems, is on us after all.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Oxnard, California. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.
Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.
Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
When Neptune's Away, the Air Will Play: A Cosmic Comedy of Connection Between Planetary Proximity and Air Pollution in Oxnard, California
[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unlikely linkage between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and the air pollution levels in Oxnard, California. Combining data from Astropy and the Environmental Protection Agency, our research team sought to uncover any correlation between these seemingly disparate factors. Utilizing statistical analysis, we found a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9633835 and a p-value less than 0.01 for the years spanning 1980 to 2023. The results of our research demonstrate an unexpected interplanetary influence on atmospheric conditions, prompting us to explore the atmos-far-out-ic connections between distant planets and Earthly pollution levels. As we unravel the cosmic comedy of this correlation, our work underscores the celestial whimsy woven into our earthly environment.
[[INTRDUCTION]]
Introduction
When it comes to the interplay between celestial bodies and earthly phenomena, one might expect to encounter a myriad of cosmic curiosities and astrological oddities. However, the realm of planetary influencers on terrestrial affairs rarely extends beyond the scope of gravitational tugs and lunar phases. Nevertheless, our research has led us to uncover an unexpected and, dare we say, otherworldly connection between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and air pollution levels in the idyllic city of Oxnard, California.
The idea that a distant, gaseous giant in our solar system could have any bearing on the air quality of a coastal city may seem like the premise of a far-fetched sci-fi flick or a cosmic comedy. Yet, with a combination of empirical data and statistical analysis, we have unearthed a correlation of such magnitude that even the most skeptical of scientists would be forced to take pause and consider the unearthly implications.
As we plunge into the uncharted depths of this celestial rabbit hole, it's imperative to recognize the gravity of the situation - both in the astronomical and figurative sense. The astrophysical conundrum we are about to unravel could very well leave our readers stargazing in awe at the cosmic connections between distant planets and the atmospheric conditions of our pale blue dot. So, brace yourselves for a journey that's equal parts scientific scrutiny and intergalactic comedy, as we venture forth to explore the cosmic ballet of planetary proximity and pollution levels.
Amidst the jargon of statistical analyses and astrophysical musings, we're here to assure you that our study is not devoid of mirth, wit, and perhaps a sprinkle of cosmic absurdity. After all, isn't it fitting to approach a subject as out-of-this-world as this one with a healthy dose of levity? So, buckle up, dear readers, for a scientific odyssey that's about to take you on an atmos-far-out-ic rollercoaster ride from the outer reaches of our solar system to the smog-filled streets of Oxnard, California.
[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of our data from the years 1980 to 2023 revealed a striking correlation between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and air pollution levels in Oxnard, California. With a correlation coefficient of 0.9633835 and an r-squared value of 0.9281078, it became evident that something truly "out of this world" was at play, quite literally.
The scatterplot (Fig. 1) depicted a strong linear relationship between the two variables, highlighting the undeniable influence of Neptune's whereabouts on the air quality of Oxnard. It's as if the cosmic dance of the planets was choreographing an intricate waltz of atmospheric dynamics right here on Earth!
This unearthly correlation left our research team in awe, prompting us to consider whether Neptune was clandestinely exhaling pollutants towards our lovely Oxnard. Alas, we know that's not the case, as Neptune's atmosphere mainly consists of hydrogen, helium, and traces of methane. However, the humorous image of a mischievous Neptunian culprit sneaking greenhouse gases into our atmosphere did keep our team entertained during late-night data crunching sessions.
Our findings not only defied conventional wisdom but also opened the door to a myriad of celestial comedy and pun opportunities. An unexpected message from the heavens, if you will, reminding us that the cosmos often has a way of tickling our scientific fancies.
As we dig deeper into the implications of these results, it's clear that the cosmic stage upon which our solar system performs its endless theatrics has indeed woven an unseen thread of connection between Neptune's distant orbit and the air quality in Oxnard. This revelation challenges the boundaries of our understanding and invites us to ponder the cosmic coincidences that influence our daily lives.
In conclusion, the findings of this study not only add a celestial twist to the ongoing discourse on air pollution but also remind us that in the grand cosmic comedy, there are no small roles for even the farthest planets in shaping the nuances of our earthly existence. We hope that our whimsical journey through the celestial realms has left our readers equally enthralled, amused, and perhaps even stargazing with a newfound appreciation for the cosmic connections that transcend the infinite bounds of space and time.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[CONCLUSION]]
ChatGPT:
[[CONCLUSION]]
In traversing the cosmic landscape of interplanetary influences, our journey has led us to uncover a correlation so stunning, it seems like the universe itself is writing its own punchlines. The cosmic comedy between Neptune and Oxnard's air pollution levels not only adds a dash of nebulous whimsy to the scientific discourse but also prompts us to consider the celestial capers that are, quite literally, far out.
As we wrap up our findings, it's clear that Neptune's mischievous cosmic choreography has left an indelible imprint on the atmospheric waltz in Oxnard. However, rest assured, no Neptunian emissions were discovered sneaking their way into California's air - evidence that sometimes, the planetary theatrics are purely statistical in nature and not atmospheric hi-jinx.
The results of our study not only expand our understanding of the unexpected interplay between distant planets and earthly pollution levels but also leave us with a cosmic conundrum that's equal parts perplexing and comical. It seems that while the celestial ballet unfolds on a grand scale, even the most distant planets have a part to play in shaping our earthly environment.
Having delved into the asymmetrical riddles of our cosmic comedies and the interplanetary intrigues, it's safe to say that our research has illuminated the celestial whimsy that permeates every corner of our earthly existence. Therefore, we assert that no more research is needed in this area. The cosmos has already served up a tale of planetary antics and atmospheric antics too amusing to replicate.
So, dear readers, as we bid adieu to our peculiar planetary pursuits and atmospheric escapades, may you continue to stargaze with a newfound appreciation for the cosmic connections that transcend space, time, and perhaps even the boundaries of scientific inquiry itself.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited When Neptune's Away, the Air Will Play: A Cosmic Comedy of Connection Between Planetary Proximity and Air Pollution in Oxnard, California. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.
ChatGPT:
Journal of Planetary Proximity and Atmospheric Anecdotes
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited When Neptune's Away, the Air Will Play: A Cosmic Comedy of Connection Between Planetary Proximity and Air Pollution in Oxnard, California. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.
ChatGPT:
The Planetary Proximity and Pollution Research Society
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled When Neptune's Away, the Air Will Play: A Cosmic Comedy of Connection Between Planetary Proximity and Air Pollution in Oxnard, California with an abstract of This study delves into the unlikely linkage between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and the air pollution levels in Oxnard, California. Combining data from Astropy and the Environmental Protection Agency, our research team sought to uncover any correlation between these seemingly disparate factors. Utilizing statistical analysis, we found a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9633835 and a p-value less than 0.01 for the years spanning 1980 to 2023. The results of our research demonstrate an unexpected interplanetary influence on atmospheric conditions, prompting us to explore the atmos-far-out-ic connections between distant planets and Earthly pollution levels. As we unravel the cosmic comedy of this correlation, our work underscores the celestial whimsy woven into our earthly environment.
ChatGPT:
Neptune's distance from the Sun, air pollution, Oxnard, California, planetary proximity, astropy, Environmental Protection Agency, correlation coefficient, statistical analysis, interplanetary influence, atmospheric conditions, distant planets, Earthly pollution levels, cosmic comedy, celestial whimsy
*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.
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Data details
The distance between Neptune and the SunDetailed data title: The average distance between Neptune and the Sun as measured on the first day of each month
Source: Caclculated using Astropy
Additional Info: I wrote a Python script using Astropy to calculate the distance between the named planets on the first day of each month for every year.
See what else correlates with The distance between Neptune and the Sun
Air pollution in Oxnard, California
Detailed data title: Percentage of days with air quality at 'unhealthy for sensitive groups' or worse in Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air pollution in Oxnard, California
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.
r2 = 0.9281078 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 92.8% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Air pollution in Oxnard, California) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., The distance between Neptune and the Sun) over the 44 years from 1980 through 2023.
p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 1.2E-25. 0.0000000000000000000000001240
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.
But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.
Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.96 in 1.2E-23% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 8,064,516,129,032,259,002,957,824 random variables You don't actually need 8 septillion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.
p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.
In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.
Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 43 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 43 because we have two variables measured over a period of 44 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.
[ 0.93, 0.98 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.
This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!
All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.
Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
| 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
| The distance between Neptune and the Sun (Planetary distance (AU)) | 30.2793 | 30.2763 | 30.2725 | 30.2676 | 30.2613 | 30.2535 | 30.2445 | 30.2347 | 30.2248 | 30.2152 | 30.2064 | 30.1985 | 30.1912 | 30.1844 | 30.1774 | 30.1698 | 30.161 | 30.1509 | 30.1396 | 30.1273 | 30.1147 | 30.1024 | 30.0908 | 30.0803 | 30.071 | 30.0627 | 30.055 | 30.0473 | 30.0391 | 30.0301 | 30.02 | 30.0091 | 29.9976 | 29.9861 | 29.9751 | 29.9652 | 29.9565 | 29.9491 | 29.9427 | 29.9369 | 29.931 | 29.9246 | 29.9174 | 29.9091 |
| Air pollution in Oxnard, California (Bad air quality days) | 44.1096 | 42.5414 | 47.9452 | 42.4658 | 42.8962 | 43.0137 | 50.137 | 43.8356 | 48.0874 | 43.0137 | 38.0822 | 43.8356 | 33.3333 | 25.2055 | 35.3425 | 35.0685 | 34.9727 | 31.7808 | 20.8219 | 22.7397 | 22.9508 | 23.0137 | 18.0822 | 26.3014 | 21.8579 | 16.9863 | 14.2466 | 11.7808 | 15.5738 | 10.9589 | 4.93151 | 4.38356 | 8.74317 | 3.0137 | 4.10959 | 3.56164 | 2.45902 | 9.0411 | 4.65753 | 2.46575 | 7.10383 | 2.73973 | 3.0137 | 3.30189 |
Why this works
- Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
- Lack of causal connection: There is probably
Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied. - Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple
Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is. - Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves.
Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.
Try it yourself
You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.
Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"
Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.
Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.
Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.
Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"
If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:
"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."
# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats
# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):
# Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)
# Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
r_squared = correlation**2
return correlation, r_squared, p_value
# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([30.2793,30.2763,30.2725,30.2676,30.2613,30.2535,30.2445,30.2347,30.2248,30.2152,30.2064,30.1985,30.1912,30.1844,30.1774,30.1698,30.161,30.1509,30.1396,30.1273,30.1147,30.1024,30.0908,30.0803,30.071,30.0627,30.055,30.0473,30.0391,30.0301,30.02,30.0091,29.9976,29.9861,29.9751,29.9652,29.9565,29.9491,29.9427,29.9369,29.931,29.9246,29.9174,29.9091,])
array_2 = np.array([44.1096,42.5414,47.9452,42.4658,42.8962,43.0137,50.137,43.8356,48.0874,43.0137,38.0822,43.8356,33.3333,25.2055,35.3425,35.0685,34.9727,31.7808,20.8219,22.7397,22.9508,23.0137,18.0822,26.3014,21.8579,16.9863,14.2466,11.7808,15.5738,10.9589,4.93151,4.38356,8.74317,3.0137,4.10959,3.56164,2.45902,9.0411,4.65753,2.46575,7.10383,2.73973,3.0137,3.30189,])
array_1_name = "The distance between Neptune and the Sun"
array_2_name = "Air pollution in Oxnard, California"
# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)
# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)Reuseable content
You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.
For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."
When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.
Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.
Download images for these variables:
- High resolution line chart
The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.
If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.
Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape. - High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
- Alternative high resolution line chart
- Scatterplot
- Portable line chart (png)
- Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
- Line chart for only The distance between Neptune and the Sun
- Line chart for only Air pollution in Oxnard, California
- AI-generated correlation image
- The spurious research paper: When Neptune's Away, the Air Will Play: A Cosmic Comedy of Connection Between Planetary Proximity and Air Pollution in Oxnard, California
Hats off to you for rating!
Correlation ID: 4652 · Black Variable ID: 1932 · Red Variable ID: 21036
