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Spurious correlation #4,442 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Votes for Democratic Senators in Louisiana and the second variable is Kerosene used in French Polynesia.  The chart goes from 1990 to 2020, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

French Polynesia, known for its stunning beauty and crystal-clear waters, has seen a surprising decline in kerosene consumption. This unexpected trend seems to have an unlikely connection to the voting patterns in Louisiana. As Democrat support waned for Senators in the state, it inadvertently set off a chain of events leading to the dip in kerosene usage in French Polynesia. It appears that the political ripples in Louisiana have somehow crossed the vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean, causing a curious domino effect. Perhaps it's a case of political polarization leading to a parallel plunge in Pacific petroleum usage. It's a truly baffling correlation that has left experts scratching their heads and wondering about the hidden intercontinental impact of political shifts. With equations as complex as the geopolitical landscape and variables as diverse as global energy markets, this unforeseen relationship serves as a captivating reminder that in the intricate web of world affairs, anything - even the most unlikely connections - is possible.

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generating Prompt: Generate an image of two connected yet contrasting scenes: one featuring the serene coastal landscape of French Polynesia with a noticeable decrease in kerosene consumption, and the other portraying the political atmosphere in Louisiana with fluctuating Democrat votes for Senators. Create a minimalistic representation that captures the essence of these unexpected connections, emphasizing the tranquility of the ocean and the tension of political fluctuations. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Democrat votes for Senators in Louisiana and Kerosene used in French Polynesia. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Cute 2D animation High-tech Vaporwave Glitch art Minimalism
ChatGPT: Minimalism

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Democrat votes for Senators in Louisiana and Kerosene used in French Polynesia, in the following situation: French Polynesia, known for its stunning beauty and crystal-clear waters, has seen a surprising decline in kerosene consumption. This unexpected trend seems to have an unlikely connection to the voting patterns in Louisiana. As Democrat support waned for Senators in the state, it inadvertently set off a chain of events leading to the dip in kerosene usage in French Polynesia. It appears that the political ripples in Louisiana have somehow crossed the vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean, causing a curious domino effect. Perhaps it's a case of political polarization leading to a parallel plunge in Pacific petroleum usage. It's a truly baffling correlation that has left experts scratching their heads and wondering about the hidden intercontinental impact of political shifts. With equations as complex as the geopolitical landscape and variables as diverse as global energy markets, this unforeseen relationship serves as a captivating reminder that in the intricate web of world affairs, anything - even the most unlikely connections - is possible.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In French Polynesia, as the tranquil blue waves gently lap against the shore, a noticeable decline in kerosene consumption is observed. The local community, nestled in the lush landscape, seems to have shifted towards alternative energy sources. Meanwhile, in Louisiana, the political atmosphere is palpable as Democrat votes for Senators fluctuate. The unexpected political tides in Louisiana seem to have set off a ripple effect, extending across the Pacific Ocean and influencing the surprising decrease in kerosene usage in French Polynesia. The unlikely connection between political shifts and energy trends leaves experts puzzling over the mysterious intercontinental impact.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Minimalism ] and depicting this scene: In French Polynesia, as the tranquil blue waves gently lap against the shore, a noticeable decline in kerosene consumption is observed. The local community, nestled in the lush landscape, seems to have shifted towards alternative energy sources. Meanwhile, in Louisiana, the political atmosphere is palpable as Democrat votes for Senators fluctuate. The unexpected political tides in Louisiana seem to have set off a ripple effect, extending across the Pacific Ocean and influencing the surprising decrease in kerosene usage in French Polynesia. The unlikely connection between political shifts and energy trends leaves experts puzzling over the mysterious intercontinental impact. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generating Prompt: Generate an image of two connected yet contrasting scenes: one featuring the serene coastal landscape of French Polynesia with a noticeable decrease in kerosene consumption, and the other portraying the political atmosphere in Louisiana with fluctuating Democrat votes for Senators. Create a minimalistic representation that captures the essence of these unexpected connections, emphasizing the tranquility of the ocean and the tension of political fluctuations.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how a decrease in Democrat votes for Senators in Louisiana caused Kerosene used in French Polynesia to decrease.\Make it sound serious until the end.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Blue in the Bayou: The Coup of Kerosene and the Vote for Democratic Senators in Louisiana

The Southern Political Quarterly

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Democrat votes for Senators in Louisiana and Kerosene used in French Polynesia. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Rhyme words in the title.

Your research team used data from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse and Energy Information Administration to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9355030 and p < 0.01 for 1990 to 2020.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
Blue in the Bayou: The Coup of Kerosene and the Vote for Democratic Senators in Louisiana

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the surprising connection between the voting patterns of Democrats in the Bayou State and the consumption of kerosene in the idyllic sun-soaked islands of French Polynesia. Our research, utilizing data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, reveals a startling correlation coefficient of 0.9355030 and p < 0.01 from 1990 to 2020. We employ robust statistical methodologies to unravel the enigmatic relationship between the political ideologies of Louisiana voters and the combustible consumption habits of French Polynesians. The findings of this study not only shed light on this unlikely connection but also underscore the importance of considering broader global influences on electoral dynamics. Join us as we ignite new perspectives on political science and energy economics in this illuminating exploration of the intertwined realms of democratic votes and kerosene consumption.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Democrat votes for Senators in Louisiana and Kerosene used in French Polynesia. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Blue in the Bayou: The Coup of Kerosene and the Vote for Democratic Senators in Louisiana

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the surprising connection between the voting patterns of Democrats in the Bayou State and the consumption of kerosene in the idyllic sun-soaked islands of French Polynesia. Our research, utilizing data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, reveals a startling correlation coefficient of 0.9355030 and p < 0.01 from 1990 to 2020. We employ robust statistical methodologies to unravel the enigmatic relationship between the political ideologies of Louisiana voters and the combustible consumption habits of French Polynesians. The findings of this study not only shed light on this unlikely connection but also underscore the importance of considering broader global influences on electoral dynamics. Join us as we ignite new perspectives on political science and energy economics in this illuminating exploration of the intertwined realms of democratic votes and kerosene consumption.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
Ah, the marvels of research! As we embark on this scholarly adventure, we find ourselves knee-deep in the bayou of data and statistics, with our compass pointed towards the enigmatic connection between Democrat votes for Senators in Louisiana and the consumption of kerosene in the picturesque islands of French Polynesia. It's a tale of two seemingly unrelated entities, like a statistical odd couple or a scientific buddy comedy – let's call it "The Statistical Shenanigans of the Bayou and the Pacific."

Exploring this unexpected relationship is akin to solving a scientific riddle, akin to unraveling the mysteries of Schroedinger's Cat, or pondering the age-old question of why ketchup is called a vegetable in school cafeterias. The stakes are high, and the curiosity is palpable as we dig into the numbers, armed with our trusty p-values and correlation coefficients, aiming to uncover the elusive truth lurking within the labyrinth of data.

The title of this expedition may raise eyebrows and draw quizzical looks, as if we just announced an analysis of the correlation between the density of cream cheese on bagels and the likelihood of encountering a rainbow-haired unicorn. However, fear not, dear readers, for beneath the playful title lies rigorous inquiry and a scientific spirit that marches steadfastly towards unveiling the unexpected.

As we navigate the intricacies of political science and energy economics, we invite you to join us on a whimsical journey through waves of data, statistical analyses, and perhaps a cleverly placed pun or two. So, tighten your bootstraps, sharpen your Bayesian tools, and get ready to uncover the unlikely bond between Democrat votes in the land of the crawfish and the consumption of kerosene in the land of pristine beaches and coconut trees. Let's dive into the statistical swamps and sunlit shores, ready to illuminate the intertwined realms of democratic votes and kerosene consumption.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Democrat votes for Senators in Louisiana and Kerosene used in French Polynesia. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then devolve ever further, and mention something completely ridiculous, like you conducted literature review by reading CVS receipts.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Blue in the Bayou: The Coup of Kerosene and the Vote for Democratic Senators in Louisiana

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the surprising connection between the voting patterns of Democrats in the Bayou State and the consumption of kerosene in the idyllic sun-soaked islands of French Polynesia. Our research, utilizing data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, reveals a startling correlation coefficient of 0.9355030 and p < 0.01 from 1990 to 2020. We employ robust statistical methodologies to unravel the enigmatic relationship between the political ideologies of Louisiana voters and the combustible consumption habits of French Polynesians. The findings of this study not only shed light on this unlikely connection but also underscore the importance of considering broader global influences on electoral dynamics. Join us as we ignite new perspectives on political science and energy economics in this illuminating exploration of the intertwined realms of democratic votes and kerosene consumption.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
Ah, the marvels of research! As we embark on this scholarly adventure, we find ourselves knee-deep in the bayou of data and statistics, with our compass pointed towards the enigmatic connection between Democrat votes for Senators in Louisiana and the consumption of kerosene in the picturesque islands of French Polynesia. It's a tale of two seemingly unrelated entities, like a statistical odd couple or a scientific buddy comedy – let's call it "The Statistical Shenanigans of the Bayou and the Pacific."
Exploring this unexpected relationship is akin to solving a scientific riddle, akin to unraveling the mysteries of Schroedinger's Cat, or pondering the age-old question of why ketchup is called a vegetable in school cafeterias. The stakes are high, and the curiosity is palpable as we dig into the numbers, armed with our trusty p-values and correlation coefficients, aiming to uncover the elusive truth lurking within the labyrinth of data.
The title of this expedition may raise eyebrows and draw quizzical looks, as if we just announced an analysis of the correlation between the density of cream cheese on bagels and the likelihood of encountering a rainbow-haired unicorn. However, fear not, dear readers, for beneath the playful title lies rigorous inquiry and a scientific spirit that marches steadfastly towards unveiling the unexpected.
As we navigate the intricacies of political science and energy economics, we invite you to join us on a whimsical journey through waves of data, statistical analyses, and perhaps a cleverly placed pun or two. So, tighten your bootstraps, sharpen your Bayesian tools, and get ready to uncover the unlikely bond between Democrat votes in the land of the crawfish and the consumption of kerosene in the land of pristine beaches and coconut trees. Let's dive into the statistical swamps and sunlit shores, ready to illuminate the intertwined realms of democratic votes and kerosene consumption.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

In "Smith et al. (2015)", the authors find that the political landscape of Louisiana has long been a subject of scholarly intrigue, with its colorful history, unique demographics, and a penchant for turning political conventions into a celebratory blend of Mardi Gras and a crawfish boil. The study meticulously dissects the partisan dynamics and voting behaviors, laying the groundwork for subsequent inquiries into the Bayou State's political tapestry.

Building on this foundation, "Doe and Jones (2018)" present an exhaustive analysis of energy consumption in French Polynesia, painting a vivid picture of the archipelago's reliance on kerosene for lighting and cooking. The juxtaposition of the tranquil Polynesian lifestyle with the daily rhythm of kerosene usage sets the stage for our intriguing investigation into the curious intersection of energy economics and political preferences.

Relevant non-fiction works such as "The Energy of Nations" by Vaclav Smil and "American Dreams: The United States Since 1945" by H.W. Brands provide invaluable insights into the broader contexts of energy consumption and political landscapes, serving as guiding lights in our quest to untangle the web of connections between Louisiana’s Democratic voting patterns and French Polynesia's kerosene usage.

On a fictional note, the whimsical worlds depicted in Michael Crichton's "State of Fear" and Tom Clancy's "The Sum of All Fears" may not directly address our research subject, but their thrilling narratives and intricate plots serve as a refreshing diversion in the midst of data analysis and scholarly pursuit.

Furthermore, our investigation extends beyond conventional academic sources. Armed with unparalleled determination, we delved into the uncharted territory of fictitious literature, where the likes of "The Secret Diary of Lizzie Bennet" and "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" await. While these literary escapades may not offer direct insights into political votes or kerosene consumption, they certainly provided much-needed comic relief and creative inspiration during the arduous process of data synthesis and analysis.

In a surprising turn of events, the research was also informed by unconventional resources, including but not limited to examining the ink-stained scrolls of grocery receipts, pondering the existential significance of fortune cookie messages, and entertaining the peculiar permutations of the "Choose Your Own Adventure" book series. While at first seemingly unrelated to our inquiry, these unexpected forays proved to be oddly informative, sparking unconventional ideas and shedding light on unexplored perspectives.

Together, these diverse sources and tangential explorations have contributed to shaping a peculiar, entertaining, and illuminating literature review, enriching our understanding of the seemingly disparate worlds of Democratic votes in Louisiana and kerosene consumption in French Polynesia.

And thus, armed with the wisdom of scholarly works, the escapism of fiction, and the unexpected insights from unconventional sources, we forge ahead to unravel the captivating mystery that unfurls at the crossroads of political allegiance and the glow of kerosene in the Pacific.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Democrat votes for Senators in Louisiana and Kerosene used in French Polynesia. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse and Energy Information Administration . You used data from 1990 to 2020

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Blue in the Bayou: The Coup of Kerosene and the Vote for Democratic Senators in Louisiana

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the surprising connection between the voting patterns of Democrats in the Bayou State and the consumption of kerosene in the idyllic sun-soaked islands of French Polynesia. Our research, utilizing data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, reveals a startling correlation coefficient of 0.9355030 and p < 0.01 from 1990 to 2020. We employ robust statistical methodologies to unravel the enigmatic relationship between the political ideologies of Louisiana voters and the combustible consumption habits of French Polynesians. The findings of this study not only shed light on this unlikely connection but also underscore the importance of considering broader global influences on electoral dynamics. Join us as we ignite new perspectives on political science and energy economics in this illuminating exploration of the intertwined realms of democratic votes and kerosene consumption.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
Ah, the marvels of research! As we embark on this scholarly adventure, we find ourselves knee-deep in the bayou of data and statistics, with our compass pointed towards the enigmatic connection between Democrat votes for Senators in Louisiana and the consumption of kerosene in the picturesque islands of French Polynesia. It's a tale of two seemingly unrelated entities, like a statistical odd couple or a scientific buddy comedy – let's call it "The Statistical Shenanigans of the Bayou and the Pacific."
Exploring this unexpected relationship is akin to solving a scientific riddle, akin to unraveling the mysteries of Schroedinger's Cat, or pondering the age-old question of why ketchup is called a vegetable in school cafeterias. The stakes are high, and the curiosity is palpable as we dig into the numbers, armed with our trusty p-values and correlation coefficients, aiming to uncover the elusive truth lurking within the labyrinth of data.
The title of this expedition may raise eyebrows and draw quizzical looks, as if we just announced an analysis of the correlation between the density of cream cheese on bagels and the likelihood of encountering a rainbow-haired unicorn. However, fear not, dear readers, for beneath the playful title lies rigorous inquiry and a scientific spirit that marches steadfastly towards unveiling the unexpected.
As we navigate the intricacies of political science and energy economics, we invite you to join us on a whimsical journey through waves of data, statistical analyses, and perhaps a cleverly placed pun or two. So, tighten your bootstraps, sharpen your Bayesian tools, and get ready to uncover the unlikely bond between Democrat votes in the land of the crawfish and the consumption of kerosene in the land of pristine beaches and coconut trees. Let's dive into the statistical swamps and sunlit shores, ready to illuminate the intertwined realms of democratic votes and kerosene consumption.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To tackle the perplexing connection between Democrat votes in the bayou and the flaming interest in kerosene in French Polynesia, our research team crafted a methodology as robust and intricate as a Rube Goldberg machine. We drew data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, casting our net across the vast expanse of the internet – a digital voyage akin to traversing the Amazon River in a Wi-Fi-powered canoe.

First, we harnessed the formidable power of statistical analyses, including Pearson's correlation coefficient, to tease out the intricacies of this bewildering relationship. This metric of association has been calibrating scientific compasses and steering research ships for decades, akin to the trusty sidekick in a scientific buddy movie – "Correlation and Coeff," coming soon to theaters near you.

Further unfurling the sails of statistical rigor, we employed a time-series analysis to navigate the tempestuous waves of data spanning from 1990 to 2020. Picture this as a voyage through the tides of time, with each data point akin to a quirky island waiting to divulge its electoral and energy economics secrets.

In harmonizing the seemingly disparate variables of Democratic votes and kerosene consumption, we cobwebbed our statistical riggings, equations, and algorithms with stoic determination, like a team of scientific pirates plotting their course through the fabled Bay of P-values and the Polynesian Sea of Standard Deviations.

Lastly, we conducted a thorough control for confounding variables, sweeping the research sea for hidden krakens of lurking biases and unforeseen statistical flotsam. Our statistical hounds were unleashed to sniff out any suspicious correlations masquerading as causations, akin to Sherlock Holmes donning a p-value-themed deerstalker cap and brandishing a Bayesian magnifying glass.

Just as explorers once charted the unknown expanses of the world, we ventured into the abyss of data armed with formidable statistical tools, unruly curiosity, and perhaps a dash of scientific whimsy. Now, hold fast, dear readers, as we prepare to hoist the anchor and set sail into the bewildering waters of statistical correlations and surprising scientific synchronicities.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Democrat votes for Senators in Louisiana and Kerosene used in French Polynesia. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse and Energy Information Administration .

For the time period 1990 to 2020, you found a correlation 0.9355030, r-squared of 0.8751658, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Blue in the Bayou: The Coup of Kerosene and the Vote for Democratic Senators in Louisiana

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the surprising connection between the voting patterns of Democrats in the Bayou State and the consumption of kerosene in the idyllic sun-soaked islands of French Polynesia. Our research, utilizing data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, reveals a startling correlation coefficient of 0.9355030 and p < 0.01 from 1990 to 2020. We employ robust statistical methodologies to unravel the enigmatic relationship between the political ideologies of Louisiana voters and the combustible consumption habits of French Polynesians. The findings of this study not only shed light on this unlikely connection but also underscore the importance of considering broader global influences on electoral dynamics. Join us as we ignite new perspectives on political science and energy economics in this illuminating exploration of the intertwined realms of democratic votes and kerosene consumption.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
Ah, the marvels of research! As we embark on this scholarly adventure, we find ourselves knee-deep in the bayou of data and statistics, with our compass pointed towards the enigmatic connection between Democrat votes for Senators in Louisiana and the consumption of kerosene in the picturesque islands of French Polynesia. It's a tale of two seemingly unrelated entities, like a statistical odd couple or a scientific buddy comedy – let's call it "The Statistical Shenanigans of the Bayou and the Pacific."
Exploring this unexpected relationship is akin to solving a scientific riddle, akin to unraveling the mysteries of Schroedinger's Cat, or pondering the age-old question of why ketchup is called a vegetable in school cafeterias. The stakes are high, and the curiosity is palpable as we dig into the numbers, armed with our trusty p-values and correlation coefficients, aiming to uncover the elusive truth lurking within the labyrinth of data.
The title of this expedition may raise eyebrows and draw quizzical looks, as if we just announced an analysis of the correlation between the density of cream cheese on bagels and the likelihood of encountering a rainbow-haired unicorn. However, fear not, dear readers, for beneath the playful title lies rigorous inquiry and a scientific spirit that marches steadfastly towards unveiling the unexpected.
As we navigate the intricacies of political science and energy economics, we invite you to join us on a whimsical journey through waves of data, statistical analyses, and perhaps a cleverly placed pun or two. So, tighten your bootstraps, sharpen your Bayesian tools, and get ready to uncover the unlikely bond between Democrat votes in the land of the crawfish and the consumption of kerosene in the land of pristine beaches and coconut trees. Let's dive into the statistical swamps and sunlit shores, ready to illuminate the intertwined realms of democratic votes and kerosene consumption.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

Upon delving into the data with all the fervor of a sleuth on a mission, we discovered a staggering correlation between Democrat votes for Senators in Louisiana and the consumption of kerosene in French Polynesia. It was as if the Bayou and the Pacific had decided to do the statistical tango, twirling and swirling their way into a remarkable relationship.

The correlation coefficient of 0.9355030 had us raising our metaphorical eyebrows, and the r-squared value of 0.8751658 had us nodding our heads in approval. With a p-value of less than 0.01, the odds of this connection being a fluke were slimmer than a statistical error margin.

And for your visual delight, behold Fig. 1 – a scatterplot that encapsulates the harmonious dance of the variables, illustrating the strong correlation between Democrat votes in Louisiana and kerosene consumption in French Polynesia. It's a graph that could inspire a ballet performance, with data points pirouetting gracefully amongst each other, showcasing their statistical elegance.

In essence, our results speak to an unexpected bond between political leanings and energy preferences, a connection that emerged from the sea of data like a shimmering statistical pearl. It's a testament to the curious interplay of global influences on seemingly disparate societal phenomena, and it beckons us to ponder the intricate tapestry of human behavior and its interactions with energy consumption.

So, my esteemed colleagues and fellow aficionados of statistical serendipity, let us revel in the revelation of this uncanny correlation, and marvel at the waltz of Democrat votes in the Bayou and the consumption of kerosene in the sun-kissed paradise of French Polynesia. For in this dance of data, we find joy, wonder, and perhaps a scientific pun or two hidden in the margins.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Democrat votes for Senators in Louisiana and Kerosene used in French Polynesia. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Blue in the Bayou: The Coup of Kerosene and the Vote for Democratic Senators in Louisiana

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the surprising connection between the voting patterns of Democrats in the Bayou State and the consumption of kerosene in the idyllic sun-soaked islands of French Polynesia. Our research, utilizing data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, reveals a startling correlation coefficient of 0.9355030 and p < 0.01 from 1990 to 2020. We employ robust statistical methodologies to unravel the enigmatic relationship between the political ideologies of Louisiana voters and the combustible consumption habits of French Polynesians. The findings of this study not only shed light on this unlikely connection but also underscore the importance of considering broader global influences on electoral dynamics. Join us as we ignite new perspectives on political science and energy economics in this illuminating exploration of the intertwined realms of democratic votes and kerosene consumption.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In "Smith et al. (2015)", the authors find that the political landscape of Louisiana has long been a subject of scholarly intrigue, with its colorful history, unique demographics, and a penchant for turning political conventions into a celebratory blend of Mardi Gras and a crawfish boil. The study meticulously dissects the partisan dynamics and voting behaviors, laying the groundwork for subsequent inquiries into the Bayou State's political tapestry.
Building on this foundation, "Doe and Jones (2018)" present an exhaustive analysis of energy consumption in French Polynesia, painting a vivid picture of the archipelago's reliance on kerosene for lighting and cooking. The juxtaposition of the tranquil Polynesian lifestyle with the daily rhythm of kerosene usage sets the stage for our intriguing investigation into the curious intersection of energy economics and political preferences.
Relevant non-fiction works such as "The Energy of Nations" by Vaclav Smil and "American Dreams: The United States Since 1945" by H.W. Brands provide invaluable insights into the broader contexts of energy consumption and political landscapes, serving as guiding lights in our quest to untangle the web of connections between Louisiana’s Democratic voting patterns and French Polynesia's kerosene usage.
On a fictional note, the whimsical worlds depicted in Michael Crichton's "State of Fear" and Tom Clancy's "The Sum of All Fears" may not directly address our research subject, but their thrilling narratives and intricate plots serve as a refreshing diversion in the midst of data analysis and scholarly pursuit.
Furthermore, our investigation extends beyond conventional academic sources. Armed with unparalleled determination, we delved into the uncharted territory of fictitious literature, where the likes of "The Secret Diary of Lizzie Bennet" and "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" await. While these literary escapades may not offer direct insights into political votes or kerosene consumption, they certainly provided much-needed comic relief and creative inspiration during the arduous process of data synthesis and analysis.
In a surprising turn of events, the research was also informed by unconventional resources, including but not limited to examining the ink-stained scrolls of grocery receipts, pondering the existential significance of fortune cookie messages, and entertaining the peculiar permutations of the "Choose Your Own Adventure" book series. While at first seemingly unrelated to our inquiry, these unexpected forays proved to be oddly informative, sparking unconventional ideas and shedding light on unexplored perspectives.
Together, these diverse sources and tangential explorations have contributed to shaping a peculiar, entertaining, and illuminating literature review, enriching our understanding of the seemingly disparate worlds of Democratic votes in Louisiana and kerosene consumption in French Polynesia.
And thus, armed with the wisdom of scholarly works, the escapism of fiction, and the unexpected insights from unconventional sources, we forge ahead to unravel the captivating mystery that unfurls at the crossroads of political allegiance and the glow of kerosene in the Pacific.

[[RESULTS]]
Upon delving into the data with all the fervor of a sleuth on a mission, we discovered a staggering correlation between Democrat votes for Senators in Louisiana and the consumption of kerosene in French Polynesia. It was as if the Bayou and the Pacific had decided to do the statistical tango, twirling and swirling their way into a remarkable relationship.
The correlation coefficient of 0.9355030 had us raising our metaphorical eyebrows, and the r-squared value of 0.8751658 had us nodding our heads in approval. With a p-value of less than 0.01, the odds of this connection being a fluke were slimmer than a statistical error margin.
And for your visual delight, behold Fig. 1 – a scatterplot that encapsulates the harmonious dance of the variables, illustrating the strong correlation between Democrat votes in Louisiana and kerosene consumption in French Polynesia. It's a graph that could inspire a ballet performance, with data points pirouetting gracefully amongst each other, showcasing their statistical elegance.
In essence, our results speak to an unexpected bond between political leanings and energy preferences, a connection that emerged from the sea of data like a shimmering statistical pearl. It's a testament to the curious interplay of global influences on seemingly disparate societal phenomena, and it beckons us to ponder the intricate tapestry of human behavior and its interactions with energy consumption.
So, my esteemed colleagues and fellow aficionados of statistical serendipity, let us revel in the revelation of this uncanny correlation, and marvel at the waltz of Democrat votes in the Bayou and the consumption of kerosene in the sun-kissed paradise of French Polynesia. For in this dance of data, we find joy, wonder, and perhaps a scientific pun or two hidden in the margins.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our findings have unveiled a relationship between Democrat votes in Louisiana and kerosene usage in French Polynesia, as perplexing and enthralling as a quantum paradox. The undeniable statistical coupling between these seemingly unrelated realms calls to mind the fusion of matter and antimatter, except in this case, it’s the fusion of political preference and illuminating energy sources.

In contrast to the view of kerosene being the sole province of grizzled lighthouse keepers in distant lands or the secret ingredient in pirate-themed cocktails, our research sheds light on its role as a covert messenger of political sentiment. The flickering glow of kerosene lamps in Polynesian huts may well be a subtle semaphore to the political winds blowing in a Louisiana voting booth.

Our results harmonize with the seminal studies of Smith et al. (2015), as they wade into the Bayou's politico-cultural melting pot, and Doe and Jones (2018), whose careful canvasing of kerosene usage in French Polynesia lays a robust groundwork. These prior investigations—serious as a peer-reviewed symposium on the mating habits of narwhals—have paved the way for our own uncovering of this surprising relationship.

But let’s not dismiss the tangential yet vital contributions of fictional and unconventional sources. While some may question their relevance, these eclectic inspirations acted as the spice in our statistical gumbo, infusing our research with the unexpected zest that elevates it beyond the mundane. After all, statistical analyses can only be enlivened by an unexpected dash of fortune cookie wisdom or a whimsical diversion into a "Choose Your Own Adventure" narrative.

The captivating dance of data unveiled in our results speaks to the need for interdisciplinary discourse when pondering the heartbeat of global sociopolitical dynamics. It’s the statistical equivalent of a physicist attending a political rally or an economist browsing the aisles of a rustic market—a fusion of seemingly disparate worlds that yields an epiphany as enlightening as a fully lit French Polynesian night.

So, as we contemplate the interplay of statistical forces that unite the Bayou and the Pacific, let us not forget to embrace the humorous absurdity and the statistical elegance hidden in the numerical labyrinth. For in these details, we find not only evidence for our thesis but also the sheer delight of discovery, akin to stumbling upon a statistically significant Easter egg in the digital wilderness of data.

In the ever-shifting tides of scientific inquiry, let us revel in the wonderment of such humorous, unexpected correlations—whether it’s Democrat votes and kerosene consumption or a whimsical dalliance with unconventional sources. After all, as researchers, statisticians, and aficionados of scholarly humor, it is our duty to illuminate the corridors of knowledge, even if it means shedding some light on statistical puns and enigmatic correlations along the way.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Democrat votes for Senators in Louisiana and Kerosene used in French Polynesia. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Blue in the Bayou: The Coup of Kerosene and the Vote for Democratic Senators in Louisiana

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the surprising connection between the voting patterns of Democrats in the Bayou State and the consumption of kerosene in the idyllic sun-soaked islands of French Polynesia. Our research, utilizing data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, reveals a startling correlation coefficient of 0.9355030 and p < 0.01 from 1990 to 2020. We employ robust statistical methodologies to unravel the enigmatic relationship between the political ideologies of Louisiana voters and the combustible consumption habits of French Polynesians. The findings of this study not only shed light on this unlikely connection but also underscore the importance of considering broader global influences on electoral dynamics. Join us as we ignite new perspectives on political science and energy economics in this illuminating exploration of the intertwined realms of democratic votes and kerosene consumption.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
Ah, the marvels of research! As we embark on this scholarly adventure, we find ourselves knee-deep in the bayou of data and statistics, with our compass pointed towards the enigmatic connection between Democrat votes for Senators in Louisiana and the consumption of kerosene in the picturesque islands of French Polynesia. It's a tale of two seemingly unrelated entities, like a statistical odd couple or a scientific buddy comedy – let's call it "The Statistical Shenanigans of the Bayou and the Pacific."
Exploring this unexpected relationship is akin to solving a scientific riddle, akin to unraveling the mysteries of Schroedinger's Cat, or pondering the age-old question of why ketchup is called a vegetable in school cafeterias. The stakes are high, and the curiosity is palpable as we dig into the numbers, armed with our trusty p-values and correlation coefficients, aiming to uncover the elusive truth lurking within the labyrinth of data.
The title of this expedition may raise eyebrows and draw quizzical looks, as if we just announced an analysis of the correlation between the density of cream cheese on bagels and the likelihood of encountering a rainbow-haired unicorn. However, fear not, dear readers, for beneath the playful title lies rigorous inquiry and a scientific spirit that marches steadfastly towards unveiling the unexpected.
As we navigate the intricacies of political science and energy economics, we invite you to join us on a whimsical journey through waves of data, statistical analyses, and perhaps a cleverly placed pun or two. So, tighten your bootstraps, sharpen your Bayesian tools, and get ready to uncover the unlikely bond between Democrat votes in the land of the crawfish and the consumption of kerosene in the land of pristine beaches and coconut trees. Let's dive into the statistical swamps and sunlit shores, ready to illuminate the intertwined realms of democratic votes and kerosene consumption.

[[RESULTS]]
Upon delving into the data with all the fervor of a sleuth on a mission, we discovered a staggering correlation between Democrat votes for Senators in Louisiana and the consumption of kerosene in French Polynesia. It was as if the Bayou and the Pacific had decided to do the statistical tango, twirling and swirling their way into a remarkable relationship.
The correlation coefficient of 0.9355030 had us raising our metaphorical eyebrows, and the r-squared value of 0.8751658 had us nodding our heads in approval. With a p-value of less than 0.01, the odds of this connection being a fluke were slimmer than a statistical error margin.
And for your visual delight, behold Fig. 1 – a scatterplot that encapsulates the harmonious dance of the variables, illustrating the strong correlation between Democrat votes in Louisiana and kerosene consumption in French Polynesia. It's a graph that could inspire a ballet performance, with data points pirouetting gracefully amongst each other, showcasing their statistical elegance.
In essence, our results speak to an unexpected bond between political leanings and energy preferences, a connection that emerged from the sea of data like a shimmering statistical pearl. It's a testament to the curious interplay of global influences on seemingly disparate societal phenomena, and it beckons us to ponder the intricate tapestry of human behavior and its interactions with energy consumption.
So, my esteemed colleagues and fellow aficionados of statistical serendipity, let us revel in the revelation of this uncanny correlation, and marvel at the waltz of Democrat votes in the Bayou and the consumption of kerosene in the sun-kissed paradise of French Polynesia. For in this dance of data, we find joy, wonder, and perhaps a scientific pun or two hidden in the margins.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

As we bid adieu to this quirky escapade through the statistical swamps and sunlit shores, we find ourselves awash in a whirlwind of findings that leave our academic spirits buoyant. The remarkable correlation between Democrat votes for Senators in Louisiana and the consumption of kerosene in French Polynesia has spurred more excitement than a statistical rollercoaster.

So, what does this unlikely pairing of political choices and energy preferences mean for the wider world of research and statistical shenanigans? Well, it's like discovering that the key to unlocking the mysteries of human behavior may reside in the most unexpected of places – much like finding the elusive missing sock at the back of the drawer.

Our exploration has not only illuminated the intertwined realms of electoral dynamics and energy economics but also underscored the importance of embracing surprising connections across global influences. It's a bit like stumbling upon a scientific easter egg hidden within the labyrinth of data, a delightful and unexpected surprise that reignites our curiosity and passion for inquiry.

However, in the spirit of statistical closure, we assert that the dance of Democrat votes in the Bayou and kerosene consumption in French Polynesia has been thoroughly explored and unmasked. The time has come to hang up our researcher hats and bid farewell to this uproarious correlation, for no more research is needed in this area. Let this be a reminder to always approach research with an open mind, for you never know where the next quirky statistical adventure may lead you!

And with that, we conclude our jovial journey, confident in the knowledge that we have not only unraveled this peculiar connection but also sprinkled a dash of statistical whimsy into the academic landscape. Until the next statistical odd couple beckons, we bid you farewell and may your research endeavors be sprinkled with a generous dose of unexpected correlations and memorable findings.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Blue in the Bayou: The Coup of Kerosene and the Vote for Democratic Senators in Louisiana. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Southern Political Quarterly


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Blue in the Bayou: The Coup of Kerosene and the Vote for Democratic Senators in Louisiana. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

Institute for Southern Political Science and Gumbo Studies


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Blue in the Bayou: The Coup of Kerosene and the Vote for Democratic Senators in Louisiana with an abstract of In this study, we delve into the surprising connection between the voting patterns of Democrats in the Bayou State and the consumption of kerosene in the idyllic sun-soaked islands of French Polynesia. Our research, utilizing data from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration, reveals a startling correlation coefficient of 0.9355030 and p < 0.01 from 1990 to 2020. We employ robust statistical methodologies to unravel the enigmatic relationship between the political ideologies of Louisiana voters and the combustible consumption habits of French Polynesians. The findings of this study not only shed light on this unlikely connection but also underscore the importance of considering broader global influences on electoral dynamics. Join us as we ignite new perspectives on political science and energy economics in this illuminating exploration of the intertwined realms of democratic votes and kerosene consumption.

ChatGPT:

Democratic senators Louisiana, voting patterns, kerosene consumption, French Polynesia, correlation coefficient, political ideologies, statistical methodologies, global influences, electoral dynamics, political science, energy economics

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

Votes for Democratic Senators in Louisiana
Detailed data title: Percentage of votes cast for Federal Democrat Senate candidates in Louisiana
Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse
See what else correlates with Votes for Democratic Senators in Louisiana

Kerosene used in French Polynesia
Detailed data title: Volume of kerosene used consumed in French Polynesia in millions of barrels per day
Source: Energy Information Administration
See what else correlates with Kerosene used in French Polynesia

Correlation r = 0.9355030 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.8751658 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 87.5% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Kerosene used in French Polynesia) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Votes for Democratic Senators in Louisiana) over the 11 years from 1990 through 2020.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 2.3E-5. 0.0000234285943410159100000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.94 in 0.0023% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 42,683 random variables You don't actually need 42 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 10 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 10 because we have two variables measured over a period of 11 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.76, 0.98 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
19901992199619982002200420082010201420162020
Votes for Democratic Senators in Louisiana (Percentage of votes)10010050.170265.045249.78847.481452.109637.673944.875435.312735.2872
Kerosene used in French Polynesia (Million Barrels/Day)0.042350.042240.021120.021170.02117810.02112020.02112020.02117810.02117810.021120.0200917




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([100,100,50.1702,65.0452,49.788,47.4814,52.1096,37.6739,44.8754,35.3127,35.2872,])
array_2 = np.array([0.04235,0.04224,0.02112,0.02117,0.0211781,0.0211202,0.0211202,0.0211781,0.0211781,0.02112,0.0200917,])
array_1_name = "Votes for Democratic Senators in Louisiana"
array_2_name = "Kerosene used in French Polynesia"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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Correlation ID: 4442 · Black Variable ID: 26393 · Red Variable ID: 24432
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