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Spurious correlation #4,156 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Popularity of the first name Kodi and the second variable is The Charles Schwab Corporation's stock price (SCHW).  The chart goes from 2002 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

More people naming their children after Kodiak bears → Increased interest in wildlife and nature conservation → Greater demand for eco-friendly investment options like those offered by The Charles Schwab Corporation → SCHW stock price increases.

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: An image that looks like it is a scene from a Disney movie Generate an image of a lively park scene on "Wildlife Day." Show children joyfully playing under lush, tall trees while families relax on picnic blankets. A large "Wildlife Day" banner should be visible, drawing a crowd to a nearby booth labeled "Kodi's Corner." In this area, parents are excitedly discussing Kodiak bear facts and signing up for nature conservation workshops. Across the way, depict a digital ticker prominently displaying The Charles Schwab Corporation's rising stock price, reflecting the growing interest in eco-friendly investment options alongside wildlife and nature conservation. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Popularity of the first name Kodi and The Charles Schwab Corporation's stock price (SCHW). Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: A Discovery magazine cover image Woodblock painting An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie Scalar art Whimsical illustration
ChatGPT: An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Popularity of the first name Kodi and The Charles Schwab Corporation's stock price (SCHW), in the following situation: More people naming their children after Kodiak bears → Increased interest in wildlife and nature conservation → Greater demand for eco-friendly investment options like those offered by The Charles Schwab Corporation → SCHW stock price increases.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a bustling park, children play under tall trees while families relax on picnic blankets. A large banner reads "Wildlife Day," drawing a crowd to a nearby booth where "Kodi's Corner" is set up. Here, parents are excitedly discussing their favorite Kodiak bear facts while signing up for nature conservation workshops. Across the way, a digital ticker prominently displays The Charles Schwab Corporation's rising stock price as eco-friendly investment options gain popularity alongside the growing interest in wildlife and nature conservation.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie ] and depicting this scene: In a bustling park, children play under tall trees while families relax on picnic blankets. A large banner reads "Wildlife Day," drawing a crowd to a nearby booth where "Kodi's Corner" is set up. Here, parents are excitedly discussing their favorite Kodiak bear facts while signing up for nature conservation workshops. Across the way, a digital ticker prominently displays The Charles Schwab Corporation's rising stock price as eco-friendly investment options gain popularity alongside the growing interest in wildlife and nature conservation. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: An image that looks like it is a scene from a Disney movie Generate an image of a lively park scene on "Wildlife Day." Show children joyfully playing under lush, tall trees while families relax on picnic blankets. A large "Wildlife Day" banner should be visible, drawing a crowd to a nearby booth labeled "Kodi's Corner." In this area, parents are excitedly discussing Kodiak bear facts and signing up for nature conservation workshops. Across the way, depict a digital ticker prominently displaying The Charles Schwab Corporation's rising stock price, reflecting the growing interest in eco-friendly investment options alongside wildlife and nature conservation.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Popularity of the first name Kodi caused The Charles Schwab Corporation's stock price (SCHW) to increase.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
The Kodi Commodity: Exploring the Link Between First Name Popularity and SCHW Stock Volatility

The Journal of Behavioral Finance and Irrational Economics

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Kodi and The Charles Schwab Corporation's stock price (SCHW). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Rhyme words in the title.

Your research team used data from US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9627320 and p < 0.01 for 2002 to 2022.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
The Kodi Commodity: Exploring the Link Between First Name Popularity and SCHW Stock Volatility

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we dive into the seemingly serendipitous relationship between the popularity of the first name Kodi and the stock performance of The Charles Schwab Corporation (SCHW). As we all know, names can sometimes be more prophetic than we anticipate, and in this case, we set out to uncover if the naming trends of Kodiac individuals wield any influence over financial markets.

Our research, utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), elucidates an astonishing correlation coefficient of 0.9627320 and p < 0.01 between the frequency of the name Kodi and the stock price volatility of SCHW from the years 2002 to 2022. This conundrum may leave you wondering, "Are these Kodiac humans exerting an unseen gravitational pull on the stock market?"

It seems that the ebb and flow of SCHW stock prices are inextricably linked to the wax and wane of the Kodi moniker. Our findings illuminate a curious interplay, prompting some to say, "The Kodi's got socks on SCHWs, and SCHWs got stocks on Kodis!" It's a pun-noticable relation that tickles the curiosity and imbues a sense of whimsy within the academic sphere.

Whether mere coincidence or a peculiar, yet undetected market force, the name Kodi and SCHW stock prices appear to dance in an enigmatic synchronization, leaving us to ponder the age-old question: "What's in a name? Apparently, possibly a stock market forecast!"


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Kodi and The Charles Schwab Corporation's stock price (SCHW). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Kodi Commodity: Exploring the Link Between First Name Popularity and SCHW Stock Volatility

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we dive into the seemingly serendipitous relationship between the popularity of the first name Kodi and the stock performance of The Charles Schwab Corporation (SCHW). As we all know, names can sometimes be more prophetic than we anticipate, and in this case, we set out to uncover if the naming trends of Kodiac individuals wield any influence over financial markets.

Our research, utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), elucidates an astonishing correlation coefficient of 0.9627320 and p < 0.01 between the frequency of the name Kodi and the stock price volatility of SCHW from the years 2002 to 2022. This conundrum may leave you wondering, "Are these Kodiac humans exerting an unseen gravitational pull on the stock market?"

It seems that the ebb and flow of SCHW stock prices are inextricably linked to the wax and wane of the Kodi moniker. Our findings illuminate a curious interplay, prompting some to say, "The Kodi's got socks on SCHWs, and SCHWs got stocks on Kodis!" It's a pun-noticable relation that tickles the curiosity and imbues a sense of whimsy within the academic sphere.

Whether mere coincidence or a peculiar, yet undetected market force, the name Kodi and SCHW stock prices appear to dance in an enigmatic synchronization, leaving us to ponder the age-old question: "What's in a name? Apparently, possibly a stock market forecast!"

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

As Shakespeare famously mused, "What's in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet." But what if, as it turns out, the name wasn't just a matter of sweet-smelling flowers, but also an unexpected predictor of financial market movements? Enter "Kodi," the first name that may hold more clout than one might imagine in influencing the stock prices of The Charles Schwab Corporation (SCHW). It seems that the Kodi commodity may be shedding light on a whole new dimension of stock market analysis. In this paper, we delve into the interesting confluence of human nomenclature and financial market variability, discovering connections that make even the most stoic investors do a double-take.

It's not every day that one gets to explore the intersection of personal identities and stock market trends, but in the world of research, unexpected correlations are our bread and butter. After all, who doesn't love a good statistical surprise? It's like finding a dollar bill in your old coat pocket – unexpected, but undeniably delightful. And in this case, the relationship between the popularity of the first name Kodi and the volatility of SCHW stock prices during the past two decades certainly qualifies as an intellectually stimulating surprise package.

Our quest for uncovered connections led us to dive deep into the wealth of data provided by the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv). As we waded through the sea of statistics, we found ourselves pondering the essential question: could there really be a substantial correlation between the ebb and flow of stock prices and the rise and fall of a name? This unraveling tale of names and numbers might seem like a penny for your thoughts, but the potential implications for market forecasting might just be worth more than a few cents.

So, buckle up for an unconventional journey through the world of nomenclature and market trends. As we unravel the mystique of the Kodi and SCHW connection, we'll be sure to sprinkle in a few puns and dad jokes along the way – after all, what's research without a little wit and whimsy? And while we can't promise to solve the age-old question of whether a name holds any weight in the stock market, we can guarantee an intellectually stimulating, and perhaps amusing, exploration of this unusual relationship.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Kodi and The Charles Schwab Corporation's stock price (SCHW). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Perhaps you also got inspiration from some board games that are vaugely related.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Kodi Commodity: Exploring the Link Between First Name Popularity and SCHW Stock Volatility

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we dive into the seemingly serendipitous relationship between the popularity of the first name Kodi and the stock performance of The Charles Schwab Corporation (SCHW). As we all know, names can sometimes be more prophetic than we anticipate, and in this case, we set out to uncover if the naming trends of Kodiac individuals wield any influence over financial markets.

Our research, utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), elucidates an astonishing correlation coefficient of 0.9627320 and p < 0.01 between the frequency of the name Kodi and the stock price volatility of SCHW from the years 2002 to 2022. This conundrum may leave you wondering, "Are these Kodiac humans exerting an unseen gravitational pull on the stock market?"

It seems that the ebb and flow of SCHW stock prices are inextricably linked to the wax and wane of the Kodi moniker. Our findings illuminate a curious interplay, prompting some to say, "The Kodi's got socks on SCHWs, and SCHWs got stocks on Kodis!" It's a pun-noticable relation that tickles the curiosity and imbues a sense of whimsy within the academic sphere.

Whether mere coincidence or a peculiar, yet undetected market force, the name Kodi and SCHW stock prices appear to dance in an enigmatic synchronization, leaving us to ponder the age-old question: "What's in a name? Apparently, possibly a stock market forecast!"

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
As Shakespeare famously mused, "What's in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet." But what if, as it turns out, the name wasn't just a matter of sweet-smelling flowers, but also an unexpected predictor of financial market movements? Enter "Kodi," the first name that may hold more clout than one might imagine in influencing the stock prices of The Charles Schwab Corporation (SCHW). It seems that the Kodi commodity may be shedding light on a whole new dimension of stock market analysis. In this paper, we delve into the interesting confluence of human nomenclature and financial market variability, discovering connections that make even the most stoic investors do a double-take.
It's not every day that one gets to explore the intersection of personal identities and stock market trends, but in the world of research, unexpected correlations are our bread and butter. After all, who doesn't love a good statistical surprise? It's like finding a dollar bill in your old coat pocket – unexpected, but undeniably delightful. And in this case, the relationship between the popularity of the first name Kodi and the volatility of SCHW stock prices during the past two decades certainly qualifies as an intellectually stimulating surprise package.
Our quest for uncovered connections led us to dive deep into the wealth of data provided by the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv). As we waded through the sea of statistics, we found ourselves pondering the essential question: could there really be a substantial correlation between the ebb and flow of stock prices and the rise and fall of a name? This unraveling tale of names and numbers might seem like a penny for your thoughts, but the potential implications for market forecasting might just be worth more than a few cents.
So, buckle up for an unconventional journey through the world of nomenclature and market trends. As we unravel the mystique of the Kodi and SCHW connection, we'll be sure to sprinkle in a few puns and dad jokes along the way – after all, what's research without a little wit and whimsy? And while we can't promise to solve the age-old question of whether a name holds any weight in the stock market, we can guarantee an intellectually stimulating, and perhaps amusing, exploration of this unusual relationship.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The connection between personal nomenclature and financial market behavior has long been a subject of academic interest, with studies by Smith (2005), Doe (2010), and Jones (2017) delving into the potential impact of individual names on stock price volatility. However, no research has ventured into the peculiar world of first name Kodi and its possible influence on The Charles Schwab Corporation's (SCHW) stock performance.

In "The Name Game: An Exploration of the Cultural Implications of Personal Nomenclature," Lorem and Ipsum shed light on society's fascination with names and their potential influence on various aspects of life, including economic dynamics. Additionally, "Nomen Nudum: A Statistical Analysis of Moniker Meanings," by John Doe, provides a comprehensive examination of the societal significance of names, offering a theoretical framework for understanding potential connections between personal nomenclature and financial markets.

Fictional works have also touched on the intrigue of names and their purported influence on economic systems. In "The Market Mystic," a novel by Elizabeth Smith, the protagonist stumbles upon a cryptic correlation between first names and stock prices, leading to an unexpected adventure of name-based market predictions. Similarly, "Fortunes of Monikers" by Jonathan Jones presents a whimsical tale of a protagonist who uncovers the uncanny relationship between personal names and financial fortune through a series of unexpected events and comical mishaps.

Drawing inspiration from board games, the classic game of Monopoly has often playfully alluded to the impact of personal names on financial success. Players humorously joke about owning properties with names coincidentally related to their own, highlighting the lighthearted fascination with the potential influence of nomenclature on financial outcomes.

As we embark on this unconventional research journey, it's important to maintain a sense of humor and levity amidst the academic rigor. After all, we're exploring the uncharted territory of the Kodi commodity and its whimsical dance with SCHW stock prices. So, grab your sense of curiosity, a sprinkle of puns, and join us in uncovering the unexpected connections between names and market volatility. After all, what's in a name? Apparently, it might just be the key to forecasting stock market movements – cue the dad jokes and tinkering on the keyboard for the next market analysis.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Kodi and The Charles Schwab Corporation's stock price (SCHW). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) . You used data from 2002 to 2022

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Kodi Commodity: Exploring the Link Between First Name Popularity and SCHW Stock Volatility

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we dive into the seemingly serendipitous relationship between the popularity of the first name Kodi and the stock performance of The Charles Schwab Corporation (SCHW). As we all know, names can sometimes be more prophetic than we anticipate, and in this case, we set out to uncover if the naming trends of Kodiac individuals wield any influence over financial markets.

Our research, utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), elucidates an astonishing correlation coefficient of 0.9627320 and p < 0.01 between the frequency of the name Kodi and the stock price volatility of SCHW from the years 2002 to 2022. This conundrum may leave you wondering, "Are these Kodiac humans exerting an unseen gravitational pull on the stock market?"

It seems that the ebb and flow of SCHW stock prices are inextricably linked to the wax and wane of the Kodi moniker. Our findings illuminate a curious interplay, prompting some to say, "The Kodi's got socks on SCHWs, and SCHWs got stocks on Kodis!" It's a pun-noticable relation that tickles the curiosity and imbues a sense of whimsy within the academic sphere.

Whether mere coincidence or a peculiar, yet undetected market force, the name Kodi and SCHW stock prices appear to dance in an enigmatic synchronization, leaving us to ponder the age-old question: "What's in a name? Apparently, possibly a stock market forecast!"

[[INTRODUCTION]]
As Shakespeare famously mused, "What's in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet." But what if, as it turns out, the name wasn't just a matter of sweet-smelling flowers, but also an unexpected predictor of financial market movements? Enter "Kodi," the first name that may hold more clout than one might imagine in influencing the stock prices of The Charles Schwab Corporation (SCHW). It seems that the Kodi commodity may be shedding light on a whole new dimension of stock market analysis. In this paper, we delve into the interesting confluence of human nomenclature and financial market variability, discovering connections that make even the most stoic investors do a double-take.
It's not every day that one gets to explore the intersection of personal identities and stock market trends, but in the world of research, unexpected correlations are our bread and butter. After all, who doesn't love a good statistical surprise? It's like finding a dollar bill in your old coat pocket – unexpected, but undeniably delightful. And in this case, the relationship between the popularity of the first name Kodi and the volatility of SCHW stock prices during the past two decades certainly qualifies as an intellectually stimulating surprise package.
Our quest for uncovered connections led us to dive deep into the wealth of data provided by the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv). As we waded through the sea of statistics, we found ourselves pondering the essential question: could there really be a substantial correlation between the ebb and flow of stock prices and the rise and fall of a name? This unraveling tale of names and numbers might seem like a penny for your thoughts, but the potential implications for market forecasting might just be worth more than a few cents.
So, buckle up for an unconventional journey through the world of nomenclature and market trends. As we unravel the mystique of the Kodi and SCHW connection, we'll be sure to sprinkle in a few puns and dad jokes along the way – after all, what's research without a little wit and whimsy? And while we can't promise to solve the age-old question of whether a name holds any weight in the stock market, we can guarantee an intellectually stimulating, and perhaps amusing, exploration of this unusual relationship.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To unravel the enigma of the Kodi commodity and its whimsical dance with SCHW stock prices, our methodology was anything but predictable. Picture this: a team of statistically inclined jugglers, skillfully juggling data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) like we're trying to keep all the balls—er, variables—in the air. The aim? To establish a link between the rise and fall of the Kodi name and the whims of the stock market.

First things first, our data collection process was akin to a grand treasure hunt, scouring through decades of first name frequency data and stock price movements like intrepid explorers seeking hidden treasures. We gathered the counts of individuals bestowed with the name Kodi from the US Social Security Administration, while our dear friends at LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) generously provided us with the vital stock market data for The Charles Schwab Corporation (SCHW) from 2002 to 2022. It was as if we were on a scientific scavenger hunt, but without the thrill of physically hunting for hidden objects. Ah, the wonders of digital exploration!

Now, onto the statistical shenanigans. We employed a combination of time series analysis, correlation coefficients, and regression models to tease apart the tangled web of data. We wanted to ensure that our methods were as precise as a sharpshooter's aim and as robust as a sturdy ship sailing through turbulent seas. Because when it comes to unraveling a mystery like this, we prefer our statistical models to be both accurate and buoyant.

Once we had corralled the data and aligned our statistical artillery, we delved into the heart of our investigation: seeking out associations and patterns between the fluctuations in the popularity of the Kodi name and the capricious twists and turns of SCHW stock prices. Our analyses were so thorough, it was as if we were combing through the data like archeologists delicately sifting through layers of sediment, except our artifacts were numbers, and our treasure trove was hidden patterns in the data.

The correlation coefficient emerged as the hero of our investigation, throwing light on the seemingly magnetic connection between Kodi aficionados and the financial fate of SCHW. With a coefficient of 0.9627320 and a p-value less than 0.01, the bond between the Kodi tribe and SCHW stock volatility seemed as remarkable as finding a four-leaf clover in a field of statistical probabilities. It was as if the data itself said, "I've got your correlation right here" and handed us a striking relationship on a shiny silver platter.

But we didn't stop there. Our regression models delved even deeper, untangling the threads of association between Kodi's eponymous followers and SCHW stock performance. We pored over the data as if it held the secrets of the universe, analyzing and interpreting the patterns as if we were solving an intricate puzzle. And much to our delight, the pieces fell into place like a perfectly orchestrated symphony, revealing the harmonious dance of the Kodi name and SCHW stocks.

As we venture through our unconventional journey of name-popularity-meets-stock-market-volatility, our methodology ensures that we've left no statistical stone unturned, making every effort to extract the elusive and enthralling relationship between the Kodi nomenclature and the fluctuations of SCHW stock prices. And remember, in the world of research, a good methodology is the key to unlocking the mysteries that lay hidden within the data. So, armed with curiosity and a few statistical magic tricks up our sleeves, we set forth to uncover the elusive connection between the Kodi nomenclature and SCHW stock market dynamics, one p-value at a time!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Kodi and The Charles Schwab Corporation's stock price (SCHW). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) .

For the time period 2002 to 2022, you found a correlation 0.9627320, r-squared of 0.9268528, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Kodi Commodity: Exploring the Link Between First Name Popularity and SCHW Stock Volatility

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we dive into the seemingly serendipitous relationship between the popularity of the first name Kodi and the stock performance of The Charles Schwab Corporation (SCHW). As we all know, names can sometimes be more prophetic than we anticipate, and in this case, we set out to uncover if the naming trends of Kodiac individuals wield any influence over financial markets.

Our research, utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), elucidates an astonishing correlation coefficient of 0.9627320 and p < 0.01 between the frequency of the name Kodi and the stock price volatility of SCHW from the years 2002 to 2022. This conundrum may leave you wondering, "Are these Kodiac humans exerting an unseen gravitational pull on the stock market?"

It seems that the ebb and flow of SCHW stock prices are inextricably linked to the wax and wane of the Kodi moniker. Our findings illuminate a curious interplay, prompting some to say, "The Kodi's got socks on SCHWs, and SCHWs got stocks on Kodis!" It's a pun-noticable relation that tickles the curiosity and imbues a sense of whimsy within the academic sphere.

Whether mere coincidence or a peculiar, yet undetected market force, the name Kodi and SCHW stock prices appear to dance in an enigmatic synchronization, leaving us to ponder the age-old question: "What's in a name? Apparently, possibly a stock market forecast!"

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
As Shakespeare famously mused, "What's in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet." But what if, as it turns out, the name wasn't just a matter of sweet-smelling flowers, but also an unexpected predictor of financial market movements? Enter "Kodi," the first name that may hold more clout than one might imagine in influencing the stock prices of The Charles Schwab Corporation (SCHW). It seems that the Kodi commodity may be shedding light on a whole new dimension of stock market analysis. In this paper, we delve into the interesting confluence of human nomenclature and financial market variability, discovering connections that make even the most stoic investors do a double-take.
It's not every day that one gets to explore the intersection of personal identities and stock market trends, but in the world of research, unexpected correlations are our bread and butter. After all, who doesn't love a good statistical surprise? It's like finding a dollar bill in your old coat pocket – unexpected, but undeniably delightful. And in this case, the relationship between the popularity of the first name Kodi and the volatility of SCHW stock prices during the past two decades certainly qualifies as an intellectually stimulating surprise package.
Our quest for uncovered connections led us to dive deep into the wealth of data provided by the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv). As we waded through the sea of statistics, we found ourselves pondering the essential question: could there really be a substantial correlation between the ebb and flow of stock prices and the rise and fall of a name? This unraveling tale of names and numbers might seem like a penny for your thoughts, but the potential implications for market forecasting might just be worth more than a few cents.
So, buckle up for an unconventional journey through the world of nomenclature and market trends. As we unravel the mystique of the Kodi and SCHW connection, we'll be sure to sprinkle in a few puns and dad jokes along the way – after all, what's research without a little wit and whimsy? And while we can't promise to solve the age-old question of whether a name holds any weight in the stock market, we can guarantee an intellectually stimulating, and perhaps amusing, exploration of this unusual relationship.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

Our statistical analysis revealed a remarkably strong correlation coefficient of 0.9627320 and an r-squared of 0.9268528 between the frequency of the first name Kodi and the stock price volatility of SCHW from 2002 to 2022. This finding suggests a strong linear relationship, leaving us to ponder, "Could the name Kodi be the secret sauce that's been seasoning the stock market all this time?"

It seems that the popularity of the name Kodi may hold an uncanny sway over the fluctuations in SCHW stock prices, leading some to muse, "Looks like the Kodi's got SCHWs in a bear hug!" Oh, the bear puns - they never get old in the world of finance and research.

Furthermore, our analysis revealed a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating that the observed correlation is statistically significant. This result suggests that the relationship between the popularity of the name Kodi and SCHW stock price volatility is not simply due to random chance or coincidence, but rather may hint at a more mysterious force at play. It's akin to stumbling upon a statistical treasure chest hidden in the depths of nomenclature and market data – who knew that names could hold such intriguing secrets?

Additionally, Fig. 1 showcases a scatterplot illustrating the robust correlation between the frequency of the first name Kodi and SCHW stock price volatility over the past two decades. The data points form a clear pattern, akin to connecting the dots in a constellation of financial intrigue. It's a visual representation that invites us to ponder the unexpected dance of human names and stock market dynamics – a kind of cosmic ballet that tickles the imagination and stimulates thought.

In conclusion, our findings present an intriguing correlation between the popularity of the first name Kodi and the stock price volatility of The Charles Schwab Corporation (SCHW). This peculiar connection leaves us with a riddle wrapped in an enigma – and perhaps a Dad Joke wrapped in a $20 bill. Who knows, maybe somewhere out there, a Kodi or two is quietly affecting the tides of the financial market. And as researchers, it's our duty to uncover these delightful statistical surprises and whimsical correlations, all while adding a touch of humor to the scholarly journey.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Kodi and The Charles Schwab Corporation's stock price (SCHW). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
The Kodi Commodity: Exploring the Link Between First Name Popularity and SCHW Stock Volatility

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we dive into the seemingly serendipitous relationship between the popularity of the first name Kodi and the stock performance of The Charles Schwab Corporation (SCHW). As we all know, names can sometimes be more prophetic than we anticipate, and in this case, we set out to uncover if the naming trends of Kodiac individuals wield any influence over financial markets.

Our research, utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), elucidates an astonishing correlation coefficient of 0.9627320 and p < 0.01 between the frequency of the name Kodi and the stock price volatility of SCHW from the years 2002 to 2022. This conundrum may leave you wondering, "Are these Kodiac humans exerting an unseen gravitational pull on the stock market?"

It seems that the ebb and flow of SCHW stock prices are inextricably linked to the wax and wane of the Kodi moniker. Our findings illuminate a curious interplay, prompting some to say, "The Kodi's got socks on SCHWs, and SCHWs got stocks on Kodis!" It's a pun-noticable relation that tickles the curiosity and imbues a sense of whimsy within the academic sphere.

Whether mere coincidence or a peculiar, yet undetected market force, the name Kodi and SCHW stock prices appear to dance in an enigmatic synchronization, leaving us to ponder the age-old question: "What's in a name? Apparently, possibly a stock market forecast!"

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The connection between personal nomenclature and financial market behavior has long been a subject of academic interest, with studies by Smith (2005), Doe (2010), and Jones (2017) delving into the potential impact of individual names on stock price volatility. However, no research has ventured into the peculiar world of first name Kodi and its possible influence on The Charles Schwab Corporation's (SCHW) stock performance.
In "The Name Game: An Exploration of the Cultural Implications of Personal Nomenclature," Lorem and Ipsum shed light on society's fascination with names and their potential influence on various aspects of life, including economic dynamics. Additionally, "Nomen Nudum: A Statistical Analysis of Moniker Meanings," by John Doe, provides a comprehensive examination of the societal significance of names, offering a theoretical framework for understanding potential connections between personal nomenclature and financial markets.
Fictional works have also touched on the intrigue of names and their purported influence on economic systems. In "The Market Mystic," a novel by Elizabeth Smith, the protagonist stumbles upon a cryptic correlation between first names and stock prices, leading to an unexpected adventure of name-based market predictions. Similarly, "Fortunes of Monikers" by Jonathan Jones presents a whimsical tale of a protagonist who uncovers the uncanny relationship between personal names and financial fortune through a series of unexpected events and comical mishaps.
Drawing inspiration from board games, the classic game of Monopoly has often playfully alluded to the impact of personal names on financial success. Players humorously joke about owning properties with names coincidentally related to their own, highlighting the lighthearted fascination with the potential influence of nomenclature on financial outcomes.
As we embark on this unconventional research journey, it's important to maintain a sense of humor and levity amidst the academic rigor. After all, we're exploring the uncharted territory of the Kodi commodity and its whimsical dance with SCHW stock prices. So, grab your sense of curiosity, a sprinkle of puns, and join us in uncovering the unexpected connections between names and market volatility. After all, what's in a name? Apparently, it might just be the key to forecasting stock market movements – cue the dad jokes and tinkering on the keyboard for the next market analysis.

[[RESULTS]]
Our statistical analysis revealed a remarkably strong correlation coefficient of 0.9627320 and an r-squared of 0.9268528 between the frequency of the first name Kodi and the stock price volatility of SCHW from 2002 to 2022. This finding suggests a strong linear relationship, leaving us to ponder, "Could the name Kodi be the secret sauce that's been seasoning the stock market all this time?"
It seems that the popularity of the name Kodi may hold an uncanny sway over the fluctuations in SCHW stock prices, leading some to muse, "Looks like the Kodi's got SCHWs in a bear hug!" Oh, the bear puns - they never get old in the world of finance and research.
Furthermore, our analysis revealed a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating that the observed correlation is statistically significant. This result suggests that the relationship between the popularity of the name Kodi and SCHW stock price volatility is not simply due to random chance or coincidence, but rather may hint at a more mysterious force at play. It's akin to stumbling upon a statistical treasure chest hidden in the depths of nomenclature and market data – who knew that names could hold such intriguing secrets?
Additionally, Fig. 1 showcases a scatterplot illustrating the robust correlation between the frequency of the first name Kodi and SCHW stock price volatility over the past two decades. The data points form a clear pattern, akin to connecting the dots in a constellation of financial intrigue. It's a visual representation that invites us to ponder the unexpected dance of human names and stock market dynamics – a kind of cosmic ballet that tickles the imagination and stimulates thought.
In conclusion, our findings present an intriguing correlation between the popularity of the first name Kodi and the stock price volatility of The Charles Schwab Corporation (SCHW). This peculiar connection leaves us with a riddle wrapped in an enigma – and perhaps a Dad Joke wrapped in a $20 bill. Who knows, maybe somewhere out there, a Kodi or two is quietly affecting the tides of the financial market. And as researchers, it's our duty to uncover these delightful statistical surprises and whimsical correlations, all while adding a touch of humor to the scholarly journey.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The unexpected and fortuitous correlation uncovered in this research adds a new dimension to the age-old debate of nature versus nurture in financial markets. The remarkable connection we've unearthed between the frequency of the first name Kodi and the stock price volatility of The Charles Schwab Corporation (SCHW) from 2002 to 2022 reinforces the notion that there may be more to a name than meets the eye. As Shakespeare once mused, "What's in a name? That which we call a stock by any other name would be just as volatile," or something along those lines.

Our findings not only support previous research on the potential influence of personal nomenclature on financial market behavior but also take it to new heights. While some might argue that correlation does not imply causation, we believe that the Kodi-Kodi-Causation might be a phenomenon worth exploring further. After all, wouldn't it be fitting if the name Kodi turned out to be the "bear-er" of unexpected financial insights? It's almost as if the market itself is saying, "You Kodi better believe it!"

Furthermore, our results accentuate the significance of statistical analysis in uncovering unexpected patterns and correlations within diverse datasets. The robust correlation coefficient and statistically significant p-value leave little room for doubt regarding the peculiar dance between the name Kodi and SCHW stock price volatility. It's as if statistical analysis is the Sherlock Holmes of the academic world, always unraveling mysteries where least expected.

While the exact mechanism behind this curious relationship remains shrouded in mystery, the significance of our findings cannot be overstated. As in the timeless game of Clue, we may have stumbled upon a crucial piece of the market puzzle, leading us to realize that the name Kodi could be the elusive "Mr. Market" in disguise. It's like we've found the missing financial link, hidden in the everyday tapestry of personal nomenclature.

In conclusion, the whimsical yet robust correlation between the name Kodi and SCHW stock price volatility serves as a testament to the serendipitous surprises that lie within the realm of statistical analysis. Our research not only sheds light on a hitherto unexplored area of inquiry but also injects a dash of joviality into the often serious world of academic exploration. As the saying goes, "The bear-er of good news is never far when Kodi is involved!" So, let's raise a toast to statistical whimsy and the ever-unfolding mysteries of the financial universe, all while keeping our puns at the ready for the next statistical adventure. With that, we leave you to ponder the possibility that somewhere out there, a Kodi may indeed hold the key to market movements – an unexpected twist in the tale of financial influence.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Kodi and The Charles Schwab Corporation's stock price (SCHW). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
The Kodi Commodity: Exploring the Link Between First Name Popularity and SCHW Stock Volatility

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we dive into the seemingly serendipitous relationship between the popularity of the first name Kodi and the stock performance of The Charles Schwab Corporation (SCHW). As we all know, names can sometimes be more prophetic than we anticipate, and in this case, we set out to uncover if the naming trends of Kodiac individuals wield any influence over financial markets.

Our research, utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), elucidates an astonishing correlation coefficient of 0.9627320 and p < 0.01 between the frequency of the name Kodi and the stock price volatility of SCHW from the years 2002 to 2022. This conundrum may leave you wondering, "Are these Kodiac humans exerting an unseen gravitational pull on the stock market?"

It seems that the ebb and flow of SCHW stock prices are inextricably linked to the wax and wane of the Kodi moniker. Our findings illuminate a curious interplay, prompting some to say, "The Kodi's got socks on SCHWs, and SCHWs got stocks on Kodis!" It's a pun-noticable relation that tickles the curiosity and imbues a sense of whimsy within the academic sphere.

Whether mere coincidence or a peculiar, yet undetected market force, the name Kodi and SCHW stock prices appear to dance in an enigmatic synchronization, leaving us to ponder the age-old question: "What's in a name? Apparently, possibly a stock market forecast!"

[[INTRDUCTION]]
As Shakespeare famously mused, "What's in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet." But what if, as it turns out, the name wasn't just a matter of sweet-smelling flowers, but also an unexpected predictor of financial market movements? Enter "Kodi," the first name that may hold more clout than one might imagine in influencing the stock prices of The Charles Schwab Corporation (SCHW). It seems that the Kodi commodity may be shedding light on a whole new dimension of stock market analysis. In this paper, we delve into the interesting confluence of human nomenclature and financial market variability, discovering connections that make even the most stoic investors do a double-take.
It's not every day that one gets to explore the intersection of personal identities and stock market trends, but in the world of research, unexpected correlations are our bread and butter. After all, who doesn't love a good statistical surprise? It's like finding a dollar bill in your old coat pocket – unexpected, but undeniably delightful. And in this case, the relationship between the popularity of the first name Kodi and the volatility of SCHW stock prices during the past two decades certainly qualifies as an intellectually stimulating surprise package.
Our quest for uncovered connections led us to dive deep into the wealth of data provided by the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv). As we waded through the sea of statistics, we found ourselves pondering the essential question: could there really be a substantial correlation between the ebb and flow of stock prices and the rise and fall of a name? This unraveling tale of names and numbers might seem like a penny for your thoughts, but the potential implications for market forecasting might just be worth more than a few cents.
So, buckle up for an unconventional journey through the world of nomenclature and market trends. As we unravel the mystique of the Kodi and SCHW connection, we'll be sure to sprinkle in a few puns and dad jokes along the way – after all, what's research without a little wit and whimsy? And while we can't promise to solve the age-old question of whether a name holds any weight in the stock market, we can guarantee an intellectually stimulating, and perhaps amusing, exploration of this unusual relationship.

[[RESULTS]]
Our statistical analysis revealed a remarkably strong correlation coefficient of 0.9627320 and an r-squared of 0.9268528 between the frequency of the first name Kodi and the stock price volatility of SCHW from 2002 to 2022. This finding suggests a strong linear relationship, leaving us to ponder, "Could the name Kodi be the secret sauce that's been seasoning the stock market all this time?"
It seems that the popularity of the name Kodi may hold an uncanny sway over the fluctuations in SCHW stock prices, leading some to muse, "Looks like the Kodi's got SCHWs in a bear hug!" Oh, the bear puns - they never get old in the world of finance and research.
Furthermore, our analysis revealed a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating that the observed correlation is statistically significant. This result suggests that the relationship between the popularity of the name Kodi and SCHW stock price volatility is not simply due to random chance or coincidence, but rather may hint at a more mysterious force at play. It's akin to stumbling upon a statistical treasure chest hidden in the depths of nomenclature and market data – who knew that names could hold such intriguing secrets?
Additionally, Fig. 1 showcases a scatterplot illustrating the robust correlation between the frequency of the first name Kodi and SCHW stock price volatility over the past two decades. The data points form a clear pattern, akin to connecting the dots in a constellation of financial intrigue. It's a visual representation that invites us to ponder the unexpected dance of human names and stock market dynamics – a kind of cosmic ballet that tickles the imagination and stimulates thought.
In conclusion, our findings present an intriguing correlation between the popularity of the first name Kodi and the stock price volatility of The Charles Schwab Corporation (SCHW). This peculiar connection leaves us with a riddle wrapped in an enigma – and perhaps a Dad Joke wrapped in a $20 bill. Who knows, maybe somewhere out there, a Kodi or two is quietly affecting the tides of the financial market. And as researchers, it's our duty to uncover these delightful statistical surprises and whimsical correlations, all while adding a touch of humor to the scholarly journey.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our study has unveiled a compelling correlation between the frequency of the first name Kodi and the stock price volatility of The Charles Schwab Corporation (SCHW). It appears that the Kodi commodity may indeed be exerting an unexpected gravitational pull on the financial market, leaving us to wonder if there's a bearish trend or if Kodi's are hibernating, influencing SCHW stock prices from the comfort of their dens. Our findings not only shed light on this curious connection but also add a layer of intrigue and amusement to the world of stock market analysis.

It’s like a statistical treasure hunt, with the Kodi name leading us to discover hidden nuggets in the market data. Perhaps Kodi's are the true bears of the stock market, not to be confused with the cuddly-looking mammals that don't monitor SCHW stock prices. Our study serves as a reminder that sometimes, the most unexpected variables can hold sway over the market's fluctuations – a bit like the twist at the end of a good dad joke.

With such a strong correlation and statistically significant p-value, we can confidently assert that the relationship between the popularity of the name Kodi and SCHW stock price volatility is not merely a matter of chance or happenstance. The Kodi-Schwab connection is a real and substantial discovery, akin to finding a rare species in the world of finance and nomenclature.

Therefore, we proclaim that further research in this area may not be needed. After all, why look further when we have already unveiled a statistical gem that combines whimsy and scholarly importance? And frankly, we can’t bear the thought of more data analysis!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited The Kodi Commodity: Exploring the Link Between First Name Popularity and SCHW Stock Volatility. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Behavioral Finance and Irrational Economics


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited The Kodi Commodity: Exploring the Link Between First Name Popularity and SCHW Stock Volatility. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Quirky Economic Research and Analysis


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled The Kodi Commodity: Exploring the Link Between First Name Popularity and SCHW Stock Volatility with an abstract of In this paper, we dive into the seemingly serendipitous relationship between the popularity of the first name Kodi and the stock performance of The Charles Schwab Corporation (SCHW). As we all know, names can sometimes be more prophetic than we anticipate, and in this case, we set out to uncover if the naming trends of Kodiac individuals wield any influence over financial markets.
Our research, utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), elucidates an astonishing correlation coefficient of 0.9627320 and p < 0.01 between the frequency of the name Kodi and the stock price volatility of SCHW from the years 2002 to 2022. This conundrum may leave you wondering, "Are these Kodiac humans exerting an unseen gravitational pull on the stock market?"
It seems that the ebb and flow of SCHW stock prices are inextricably linked to the wax and wane of the Kodi moniker. Our findings illuminate a curious interplay, prompting some to say, "The Kodi's got socks on SCHWs, and SCHWs got stocks on Kodis!" It's a pun-noticable relation that tickles the curiosity and imbues a sense of whimsy within the academic sphere.
Whether mere coincidence or a peculiar, yet undetected market force, the name Kodi and SCHW stock prices appear to dance in an enigmatic synchronization, leaving us to ponder the age-old question: "What's in a name? Apparently, possibly a stock market forecast!

ChatGPT:

"Kodi first name popularity," "SCHW stock volatility," "Kodi name correlation with stock prices," "US Social Security Administration data," "LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) data," "naming trends and financial markets," "Kodi and SCHW stock performance link," "Kodiac individuals and stock market influence," "SCHW stock price volatility 2002-2022," "Kodi name and stock price correlation coefficient," "Kodi and stock market gravitational pull," "SCHW stock prices and wax and wane of Kodi moniker," "Kodi and SCHW stock market relation," "name's influence on stock market forecast."

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

Popularity of the first name Kodi
Detailed data title: Babies of all sexes born in the US named Kodi
Source: US Social Security Administration
See what else correlates with Popularity of the first name Kodi

The Charles Schwab Corporation's stock price (SCHW)
Detailed data title: Opening price of The Charles Schwab Corporation (SCHW) on the first trading day of the year
Source: LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv)
Additional Info: Via Microsoft Excel Stockhistory function

See what else correlates with The Charles Schwab Corporation's stock price (SCHW)

Correlation r = 0.9627320 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.9268528 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 92.7% of the change in the one variable (i.e., The Charles Schwab Corporation's stock price (SCHW)) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Popularity of the first name Kodi) over the 21 years from 2002 through 2022.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 3.03E-12. 0.0000000000030311257425172755
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.96 in 3.03E-10% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 329,910,430,957 random variables You don't actually need 329 billion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 20 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 20 because we have two variables measured over a period of 21 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.91, 0.99 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022
Popularity of the first name Kodi (Babies born)134115116120118110139137125126131135139145160175217224204258351
The Charles Schwab Corporation's stock price (SCHW) (Stock price)15.4210.9311.8411.814.5119.225.5516.0519.2117.2311.5114.6725.9930.4131.9540.0551.5540.747.7653.2284.57




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([134,115,116,120,118,110,139,137,125,126,131,135,139,145,160,175,217,224,204,258,351,])
array_2 = np.array([15.42,10.93,11.84,11.8,14.51,19.2,25.55,16.05,19.21,17.23,11.51,14.67,25.99,30.41,31.95,40.05,51.55,40.7,47.76,53.22,84.57,])
array_1_name = "Popularity of the first name Kodi"
array_2_name = "The Charles Schwab Corporation's stock price (SCHW)"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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Correlation ID: 4156 · Black Variable ID: 3778 · Red Variable ID: 1635
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