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Spurious correlation #4,103 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is GMO use in cotton and the second variable is CVS stock price (CVS).  The chart goes from 2002 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

As cotton plants genetically modified to repel pests became more prevalent, there was a surprising side effect - the pesky insects began to seek out alternative sources of sustenance. This inadvertently led to a decrease in the bug population near CVS stores, making the shopping experience more pleasant for customers. As word spread about the unexpected benefits of visiting CVS, more people flocked to the stores, boosting sales and ultimately causing an increase in CVS stock price. Who would have thought that GMO cotton could have such a buzz-worthy impact on the world of retail? It's like the cotton said, "You can't bug CVS anymore!"

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image showing a lush field of cotton plants with vibrant green leaves and fluffy white bolls standing tall under a clear, sunny sky. Within the field, scatter small ladybugs in various stages of flight, adding a whimsical touch to the serene landscape. In the distance, position a recognizable red and white sign bearing the CVS logo, standing out against the backdrop of the tranquil cotton field. Capture the moment as the activity around the field changes, with more customers entering the store, evident from the steady rise in the CVS stock price shown in a graph. Create a visual convergence of nature and commerce, blending the natural world with the influence of human activity. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: GMO use in cotton and CVS stock price (CVS). Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Sci-fi fantacy A scene from Skyrim Art nouveau Cubism inspired by bauhaus
ChatGPT: A scene from Skyrim

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both GMO use in cotton and CVS stock price (CVS), in the following situation: As cotton plants genetically modified to repel pests became more prevalent, there was a surprising side effect - the pesky insects began to seek out alternative sources of sustenance. This inadvertently led to a decrease in the bug population near CVS stores, making the shopping experience more pleasant for customers. As word spread about the unexpected benefits of visiting CVS, more people flocked to the stores, boosting sales and ultimately causing an increase in CVS stock price. Who would have thought that GMO cotton could have such a buzz-worthy impact on the world of retail? It's like the cotton said, "You can't bug CVS anymore!". Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: Imagine a field of cotton plants standing tall with bright white and green leaves, and little ladybugs hovering around. In the distance, you notice the familiar red and white CVS logo with a noticeable decrease in bugs flying around. As a result, more customers stroll into the store, and you see a graph showing a steady rise in the CVS stock price.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A scene from Skyrim ] and depicting this scene: Imagine a field of cotton plants standing tall with bright white and green leaves, and little ladybugs hovering around. In the distance, you notice the familiar red and white CVS logo with a noticeable decrease in bugs flying around. As a result, more customers stroll into the store, and you see a graph showing a steady rise in the CVS stock price. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image showing a lush field of cotton plants with vibrant green leaves and fluffy white bolls standing tall under a clear, sunny sky. Within the field, scatter small ladybugs in various stages of flight, adding a whimsical touch to the serene landscape. In the distance, position a recognizable red and white sign bearing the CVS logo, standing out against the backdrop of the tranquil cotton field. Capture the moment as the activity around the field changes, with more customers entering the store, evident from the steady rise in the CVS stock price shown in a graph. Create a visual convergence of nature and commerce, blending the natural world with the influence of human activity.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in GMO use in cotton caused CVS stock price (CVS) to increase. Make it feel plausible.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
GMO Gloat: A Cotton Connection to CVS Stock Price

The Journal of Agricultural Humor and Financial Analysis

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in cotton and CVS stock price (CVS). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Make the title punny if you can come up with clever pun. If not, just make it sound clever.

Your research team used data from USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9025483 and p < 0.01 for 2002 to 2022.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
GMO Gloat: A Cotton Connection to CVS Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the potential relationship between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in cotton cultivation and the stock price of CVS Health Corporation. Leveraging data from the United States Department of Agriculture and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), a thorough analysis was conducted for the period spanning from 2002 to 2022. The results unearth a significant correlation coefficient of 0.9025483 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a strong association between the utilization of GMOs in cotton and the meteoric fluctuations of CVS stock price. The subtle interplay between agricultural biotechnology and market dynamics unveils a vibrant canvas for further investigation and potential cultivation of fruitful insights. This study opens the door to the tantalizing hypothesis that the economic winds may indeed be silently whispered through the swaying cotton fields, and as such, market enthusiasts should keep a keen eye on the bolls for the next telltale sign.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in cotton and CVS stock price (CVS). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
GMO Gloat: A Cotton Connection to CVS Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the potential relationship between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in cotton cultivation and the stock price of CVS Health Corporation. Leveraging data from the United States Department of Agriculture and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), a thorough analysis was conducted for the period spanning from 2002 to 2022. The results unearth a significant correlation coefficient of 0.9025483 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a strong association between the utilization of GMOs in cotton and the meteoric fluctuations of CVS stock price. The subtle interplay between agricultural biotechnology and market dynamics unveils a vibrant canvas for further investigation and potential cultivation of fruitful insights. This study opens the door to the tantalizing hypothesis that the economic winds may indeed be silently whispered through the swaying cotton fields, and as such, market enthusiasts should keep a keen eye on the bolls for the next telltale sign.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
INTRODUCTION

As the world of agriculture continues to traverse the landscape of biotechnology, the relationship between genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and the economic sphere has increasingly piqued the interest of researchers and market aficionados alike. Amidst this backdrop, the concept of a potential link between the use of GMOs in cotton cultivation and the stock price of CVS Health Corporation has emerged as a curious enigma. The notion that the genetic makeup of cotton could exert a clandestine influence on the financial realm of a healthcare giant such as CVS is both compelling and, in some respects, seemingly whimsical.

The aim of this research endeavor is to peel back the layers of this intriguing interplay, seeking to discern whether there exists a tangible correlation between these seemingly disparate domains. Leveraging a comprehensive dataset sourced from the United States Department of Agriculture and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), an in-depth examination was undertaken, spanning the period from 2002 to 2022. The empirical findings, which yielded a significant correlation coefficient of 0.9025483 and a p-value of less than 0.01, cast a spotlight on the unforeseen interconnectedness between the genetic fabric of cotton and the stock performance of CVS. The implications of these results unfold a rich tapestry of possibilities, hinting at a symbiotic dance between agricultural biotechnology and market dynamics, with implications reverberating through the economic landscape.

This study extends an open invitation to dinner, where the table is set for further theoretical exploration and empirical investigation into the underexplored linkage between the growth of genetically modified cotton and the fluctuations in CVS stock price. Could it be that the whispers of market movements are softly carried by the cotton breeze, providing a not-so-subtle nod to potential investors? The answer, it seems, lies beyond the hushed corridors of convention, in the uncharted fields of interdisciplinary inquiry and cross-pollination of ideas. As we unravel the intricate threads of this phenomenon, we stand poised to unearth insights that may offer lucrative opportunities and a bumper crop of knowledge.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in cotton and CVS stock price (CVS). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then devolve ever further, and mention something completely ridiculous, like you conducted literature review by reading CVS receipts.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
GMO Gloat: A Cotton Connection to CVS Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the potential relationship between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in cotton cultivation and the stock price of CVS Health Corporation. Leveraging data from the United States Department of Agriculture and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), a thorough analysis was conducted for the period spanning from 2002 to 2022. The results unearth a significant correlation coefficient of 0.9025483 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a strong association between the utilization of GMOs in cotton and the meteoric fluctuations of CVS stock price. The subtle interplay between agricultural biotechnology and market dynamics unveils a vibrant canvas for further investigation and potential cultivation of fruitful insights. This study opens the door to the tantalizing hypothesis that the economic winds may indeed be silently whispered through the swaying cotton fields, and as such, market enthusiasts should keep a keen eye on the bolls for the next telltale sign.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
As the world of agriculture continues to traverse the landscape of biotechnology, the relationship between genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and the economic sphere has increasingly piqued the interest of researchers and market aficionados alike. Amidst this backdrop, the concept of a potential link between the use of GMOs in cotton cultivation and the stock price of CVS Health Corporation has emerged as a curious enigma. The notion that the genetic makeup of cotton could exert a clandestine influence on the financial realm of a healthcare giant such as CVS is both compelling and, in some respects, seemingly whimsical.
The aim of this research endeavor is to peel back the layers of this intriguing interplay, seeking to discern whether there exists a tangible correlation between these seemingly disparate domains. Leveraging a comprehensive dataset sourced from the United States Department of Agriculture and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), an in-depth examination was undertaken, spanning the period from 2002 to 2022. The empirical findings, which yielded a significant correlation coefficient of 0.9025483 and a p-value of less than 0.01, cast a spotlight on the unforeseen interconnectedness between the genetic fabric of cotton and the stock performance of CVS. The implications of these results unfold a rich tapestry of possibilities, hinting at a symbiotic dance between agricultural biotechnology and market dynamics, with implications reverberating through the economic landscape.
This study extends an open invitation to dinner, where the table is set for further theoretical exploration and empirical investigation into the underexplored linkage between the growth of genetically modified cotton and the fluctuations in CVS stock price. Could it be that the whispers of market movements are softly carried by the cotton breeze, providing a not-so-subtle nod to potential investors? The answer, it seems, lies beyond the hushed corridors of convention, in the uncharted fields of interdisciplinary inquiry and cross-pollination of ideas. As we unravel the intricate threads of this phenomenon, we stand poised to unearth insights that may offer lucrative opportunities and a bumper crop of knowledge.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The existing body of literature provides a range of perspectives on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture, with varying degrees of thoroughness and whimsy. Smith et al. (2015) delve into the environmental implications of GMO cotton cultivation, offering a nuanced analysis of soil health and biodiversity. Conversely, Doe and Jones (2018) focus on the economic dimensions, studying the market dynamics and consumer preferences surrounding GMO cotton products.

In "The GMO Dilemma: Genetic Engineering, the Environment, and Sustainable Agriculture" by Mattiello, the authors shed light on the complex interplay between biotechnology and ecological systems, examining the potential ramifications of widespread GMO adoption. On a more theoretical note, "The Economics of GMOs and Global Agri-Food Supply Chains" by Masters and Rodriguez delves into the intricacies of market structures and trade dynamics in the context of GMO crops.

Transitioning from non-fiction to fiction, "The Cotton Kingdom" by Olmsted provides a historical narrative of cotton cultivation in the antebellum South, weaving a tale rich in cultural and economic significance. Moving into the realm of speculative fiction, "GMO Armageddon" by Greene paints a dystopian future where genetically modified organisms wreak havoc on global ecosystems, delving into the potential consequences of unchecked biotechnological advancements.

Going further down the rabbit hole of literature, the authors stumbled upon "CVS Receipt Haikus: A Collection" by Anonymous, where the enigmatic prose of everyday purchase records unexpectedly sheds light on the interconnectedness of consumer behavior and stock market fluctuations. While not a traditional scholarly source, this enlightening compilation offers a unique perspective on the offbeat connections between everyday life and economic phenomena.

This eclectic mix of literature provides a broad foundation for exploring the intersection of GMO cotton cultivation and CVS stock price, steering the research endeavor into uncharted, and occasionally whimsical, territories.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in cotton and CVS stock price (CVS). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) . You used data from 2002 to 2022

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
GMO Gloat: A Cotton Connection to CVS Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the potential relationship between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in cotton cultivation and the stock price of CVS Health Corporation. Leveraging data from the United States Department of Agriculture and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), a thorough analysis was conducted for the period spanning from 2002 to 2022. The results unearth a significant correlation coefficient of 0.9025483 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a strong association between the utilization of GMOs in cotton and the meteoric fluctuations of CVS stock price. The subtle interplay between agricultural biotechnology and market dynamics unveils a vibrant canvas for further investigation and potential cultivation of fruitful insights. This study opens the door to the tantalizing hypothesis that the economic winds may indeed be silently whispered through the swaying cotton fields, and as such, market enthusiasts should keep a keen eye on the bolls for the next telltale sign.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
As the world of agriculture continues to traverse the landscape of biotechnology, the relationship between genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and the economic sphere has increasingly piqued the interest of researchers and market aficionados alike. Amidst this backdrop, the concept of a potential link between the use of GMOs in cotton cultivation and the stock price of CVS Health Corporation has emerged as a curious enigma. The notion that the genetic makeup of cotton could exert a clandestine influence on the financial realm of a healthcare giant such as CVS is both compelling and, in some respects, seemingly whimsical.
The aim of this research endeavor is to peel back the layers of this intriguing interplay, seeking to discern whether there exists a tangible correlation between these seemingly disparate domains. Leveraging a comprehensive dataset sourced from the United States Department of Agriculture and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), an in-depth examination was undertaken, spanning the period from 2002 to 2022. The empirical findings, which yielded a significant correlation coefficient of 0.9025483 and a p-value of less than 0.01, cast a spotlight on the unforeseen interconnectedness between the genetic fabric of cotton and the stock performance of CVS. The implications of these results unfold a rich tapestry of possibilities, hinting at a symbiotic dance between agricultural biotechnology and market dynamics, with implications reverberating through the economic landscape.
This study extends an open invitation to dinner, where the table is set for further theoretical exploration and empirical investigation into the underexplored linkage between the growth of genetically modified cotton and the fluctuations in CVS stock price. Could it be that the whispers of market movements are softly carried by the cotton breeze, providing a not-so-subtle nod to potential investors? The answer, it seems, lies beyond the hushed corridors of convention, in the uncharted fields of interdisciplinary inquiry and cross-pollination of ideas. As we unravel the intricate threads of this phenomenon, we stand poised to unearth insights that may offer lucrative opportunities and a bumper crop of knowledge.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

Data Collection: Our research team meticulously scoured the vast expanse of the internet, trekking through the digital jungles and braving the perilous depths of online databases to harvest the ripe fruits of information. The treasure troves of USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) served as our primary foraging grounds where we gleaned the bountiful yield of data spanning the years from 2002 to 2022. We refrained from plucking the forbidden fruits of unreliable sources and ensured that only the most robust and succulent datasets were handpicked for our analysis.

Experimental Design: To navigate the tempestuous seas of data analysis, we crafted a bespoke ship of statistical methodologies, ensuring that our vessel was seaworthy for the turbulent journey ahead. The use of correlation analysis and time series modeling formed the sturdy mast and sails of our analytical voyage, guiding us through the tumultuous waves of empirical investigation. Our noble quest for truth and understanding steered us away from the treacherous sirens of biased interpretations and anchored us firmly in the harbor of objective analysis.

Statistical Analysis: With the raw data in hand, we embarked on a daring expedition into the uncharted terrain of statistical analysis. Employing the venerable tools of Pearson correlation coefficient and Granger causality tests, we sought to decipher the complex dialect spoken by our data. We rigorously scrutinized the numerical hieroglyphs etched in the annals of our datasets, unveiling the hidden patterns and elusive relationships that lay concealed beneath the surface. Our journey through the statistical hinterlands was arduous, akin to traversing a maze of data-driven enigmas, yet the promise of discovery beckoned us forward with unwavering resolve.

Data Processing: The dauntless warriors of our research team harnessed the formidable power of statistical software to tame the unruly data, transforming the unruly torrent of numbers into a harmonious symphony of insights. Through the artful application of data cleansing and preprocessing techniques, we chiseled away the rough edges of our datasets, sculpting them into refined structures suitable for rigorous analysis. The crucible of numbers yielded its secrets, forming the crucible of knowledge from which our insights emerged, shining forth like polished gems in the dim caverns of uncertainty.

Data Validation: In the quest for truth and veracity, we subjected our findings to the merciless gauntlet of cross-validation and sensitivity analyses. Our robust methodologies underwent rigorous stress-testing, enduring the blistering crucible of empirical scrutiny to ensure their resilience and reliability. The crucible of empirical validation tempered our conclusions, forging them into irrefutable pillars of knowledge that stood steadfast against the gales of skepticism and doubt.

Institutional Review: Our research endeavor adhered to the ethical guidelines and regulations set forth by the hallowed institutions of scientific inquiry. The guardians of scholarly integrity beheld our methodologies with a stern eye, ensuring that our pursuit of knowledge remained unsullied by the tarnish of malfeasance or impropriety. Our ethical compass guided us through the maze of regulatory compliance, ensuring that our scholarly compass remained true to the noble principles of academic rectitude and intellectual probity.

With the culmination of our methodological voyage, we stand poised to embark upon the next phase of our research odyssey, where the winds of empirical inquiry and the currents of theoretical exploration shall propel us toward the shores of enlightened understanding.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in cotton and CVS stock price (CVS). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) .

For the time period 2002 to 2022, you found a correlation 0.9025483, r-squared of 0.8145935, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
GMO Gloat: A Cotton Connection to CVS Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the potential relationship between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in cotton cultivation and the stock price of CVS Health Corporation. Leveraging data from the United States Department of Agriculture and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), a thorough analysis was conducted for the period spanning from 2002 to 2022. The results unearth a significant correlation coefficient of 0.9025483 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a strong association between the utilization of GMOs in cotton and the meteoric fluctuations of CVS stock price. The subtle interplay between agricultural biotechnology and market dynamics unveils a vibrant canvas for further investigation and potential cultivation of fruitful insights. This study opens the door to the tantalizing hypothesis that the economic winds may indeed be silently whispered through the swaying cotton fields, and as such, market enthusiasts should keep a keen eye on the bolls for the next telltale sign.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
INTRODUCTION
As the world of agriculture continues to traverse the landscape of biotechnology, the relationship between genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and the economic sphere has increasingly piqued the interest of researchers and market aficionados alike. Amidst this backdrop, the concept of a potential link between the use of GMOs in cotton cultivation and the stock price of CVS Health Corporation has emerged as a curious enigma. The notion that the genetic makeup of cotton could exert a clandestine influence on the financial realm of a healthcare giant such as CVS is both compelling and, in some respects, seemingly whimsical.
The aim of this research endeavor is to peel back the layers of this intriguing interplay, seeking to discern whether there exists a tangible correlation between these seemingly disparate domains. Leveraging a comprehensive dataset sourced from the United States Department of Agriculture and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), an in-depth examination was undertaken, spanning the period from 2002 to 2022. The empirical findings, which yielded a significant correlation coefficient of 0.9025483 and a p-value of less than 0.01, cast a spotlight on the unforeseen interconnectedness between the genetic fabric of cotton and the stock performance of CVS. The implications of these results unfold a rich tapestry of possibilities, hinting at a symbiotic dance between agricultural biotechnology and market dynamics, with implications reverberating through the economic landscape.
This study extends an open invitation to dinner, where the table is set for further theoretical exploration and empirical investigation into the underexplored linkage between the growth of genetically modified cotton and the fluctuations in CVS stock price. Could it be that the whispers of market movements are softly carried by the cotton breeze, providing a not-so-subtle nod to potential investors? The answer, it seems, lies beyond the hushed corridors of convention, in the uncharted fields of interdisciplinary inquiry and cross-pollination of ideas. As we unravel the intricate threads of this phenomenon, we stand poised to unearth insights that may offer lucrative opportunities and a bumper crop of knowledge.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

RESULTS

The statistical analysis revealed a robust correlation coefficient of 0.9025483 between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in cotton cultivation and the stock price of CVS Health Corporation, suggesting a strong and positive association between these two seemingly disparate entities. Additionally, the coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.8145935 indicates that approximately 81.46% of the variability in the stock price of CVS can be explained by changes in the utilization of GMOs in cotton cultivation. The p-value of less than 0.01 further strengthens the argument for the existence of a significant relationship between these variables, lending statistical support to the seemingly whimsical linkage between agricultural biotechnology and market dynamics.

Furthermore, the scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually portrays a discernible pattern reflecting the noteworthy correlation between GMO use in cotton and CVS stock price. The scatterplot serves as a visual testament to the striking nature of the relationship discovered, capturing the audience's attention with its vivid depiction of the interwoven pathways between the cotton fields and the stock market ticker.

The quantitative evidence derived from this comprehensive analysis uncovers an unexpected kinship between the genetic alterations in cotton and the financial performance of CVS Health Corporation. The symbiotic dance of agricultural innovation and market fluctuations warrants a closer examination, paving the way for a fertile ground of inquiry and exploration in the terrain of interdisciplinary research. The discovery of this compelling correlation beckons researchers to traverse the uncharted territory of agricultural biotechnology's potential influence on financial markets, opening doors to new insights and opportunities lying dormant within the fields of investment and biotechnology.

The implications of these findings underscore the need for further scholarly investigation into this unconventional yet intriguing relationship, beckoning researchers and market enthusiasts to dig into the fertile soil of theoretical exploration. This study offers a gentle nudge, suggesting that the whispers of market movements may indeed be carried by the cotton breeze, unveiling potential investment cues woven into the fabric of genetically modified cotton. As the economic landscape continues to evolve, the revelatory findings of this research leave a lingering thought - perhaps it's time to scrutinize the cotton crop reports with the same zeal as stock market analyses, for in this intricate dance, secrets may lie hidden within the cotton bolls.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in cotton and CVS stock price (CVS). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
GMO Gloat: A Cotton Connection to CVS Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the potential relationship between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in cotton cultivation and the stock price of CVS Health Corporation. Leveraging data from the United States Department of Agriculture and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), a thorough analysis was conducted for the period spanning from 2002 to 2022. The results unearth a significant correlation coefficient of 0.9025483 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a strong association between the utilization of GMOs in cotton and the meteoric fluctuations of CVS stock price. The subtle interplay between agricultural biotechnology and market dynamics unveils a vibrant canvas for further investigation and potential cultivation of fruitful insights. This study opens the door to the tantalizing hypothesis that the economic winds may indeed be silently whispered through the swaying cotton fields, and as such, market enthusiasts should keep a keen eye on the bolls for the next telltale sign.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The existing body of literature provides a range of perspectives on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture, with varying degrees of thoroughness and whimsy. Smith et al. (2015) delve into the environmental implications of GMO cotton cultivation, offering a nuanced analysis of soil health and biodiversity. Conversely, Doe and Jones (2018) focus on the economic dimensions, studying the market dynamics and consumer preferences surrounding GMO cotton products.
In "The GMO Dilemma: Genetic Engineering, the Environment, and Sustainable Agriculture" by Mattiello, the authors shed light on the complex interplay between biotechnology and ecological systems, examining the potential ramifications of widespread GMO adoption. On a more theoretical note, "The Economics of GMOs and Global Agri-Food Supply Chains" by Masters and Rodriguez delves into the intricacies of market structures and trade dynamics in the context of GMO crops.
Transitioning from non-fiction to fiction, "The Cotton Kingdom" by Olmsted provides a historical narrative of cotton cultivation in the antebellum South, weaving a tale rich in cultural and economic significance. Moving into the realm of speculative fiction, "GMO Armageddon" by Greene paints a dystopian future where genetically modified organisms wreak havoc on global ecosystems, delving into the potential consequences of unchecked biotechnological advancements.
Going further down the rabbit hole of literature, the authors stumbled upon "CVS Receipt Haikus: A Collection" by Anonymous, where the enigmatic prose of everyday purchase records unexpectedly sheds light on the interconnectedness of consumer behavior and stock market fluctuations. While not a traditional scholarly source, this enlightening compilation offers a unique perspective on the offbeat connections between everyday life and economic phenomena.
This eclectic mix of literature provides a broad foundation for exploring the intersection of GMO cotton cultivation and CVS stock price, steering the research endeavor into uncharted, and occasionally whimsical, territories.

[[RESULTS]]
RESULTS
The statistical analysis revealed a robust correlation coefficient of 0.9025483 between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in cotton cultivation and the stock price of CVS Health Corporation, suggesting a strong and positive association between these two seemingly disparate entities. Additionally, the coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.8145935 indicates that approximately 81.46% of the variability in the stock price of CVS can be explained by changes in the utilization of GMOs in cotton cultivation. The p-value of less than 0.01 further strengthens the argument for the existence of a significant relationship between these variables, lending statistical support to the seemingly whimsical linkage between agricultural biotechnology and market dynamics.
Furthermore, the scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually portrays a discernible pattern reflecting the noteworthy correlation between GMO use in cotton and CVS stock price. The scatterplot serves as a visual testament to the striking nature of the relationship discovered, capturing the audience's attention with its vivid depiction of the interwoven pathways between the cotton fields and the stock market ticker.
The quantitative evidence derived from this comprehensive analysis uncovers an unexpected kinship between the genetic alterations in cotton and the financial performance of CVS Health Corporation. The symbiotic dance of agricultural innovation and market fluctuations warrants a closer examination, paving the way for a fertile ground of inquiry and exploration in the terrain of interdisciplinary research. The discovery of this compelling correlation beckons researchers to traverse the uncharted territory of agricultural biotechnology's potential influence on financial markets, opening doors to new insights and opportunities lying dormant within the fields of investment and biotechnology.
The implications of these findings underscore the need for further scholarly investigation into this unconventional yet intriguing relationship, beckoning researchers and market enthusiasts to dig into the fertile soil of theoretical exploration. This study offers a gentle nudge, suggesting that the whispers of market movements may indeed be carried by the cotton breeze, unveiling potential investment cues woven into the fabric of genetically modified cotton. As the economic landscape continues to evolve, the revelatory findings of this research leave a lingering thought - perhaps it's time to scrutinize the cotton crop reports with the same zeal as stock market analyses, for in this intricate dance, secrets may lie hidden within the cotton bolls.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The findings of this study provide robust empirical support for the intriguing hypothesis that the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in cotton cultivation is significantly correlated with the stock price of CVS Health Corporation. Building upon the eclectic mix of literature reviewed, it is apparent that our results align with the multifaceted perspectives on biotechnology and market dynamics detailed in the existing research.

Drawing inspiration from "The Cotton Kingdom" by Olmsted, our study illuminates the tangible impact of cotton cultivation, albeit in a modern context. While Olmsted's narrative presents a historical perspective, our findings underscore the relevance of cotton in contemporary financial markets. The whimsical connection drawn in "CVS Receipt Haikus: A Collection" by Anonymous, though unconventional, subtly hints at the intricate links between consumer behavior and stock market fluctuations. Perhaps, just as the enigmatic prose of everyday purchase records reveals hidden insights, the utilization of GMOs in cotton may indeed hold the key to understanding the broader economic landscape.

Additionally, the statistical evidence corroborates the theoretical insights presented in "The GMO Dilemma" by Mattiello and "The Economics of GMOs and Global Agri-Food Supply Chains" by Masters and Rodriguez. Our results provide empirical validation of the complex interplay between agricultural biotechnology and market behaviors, painting a vivid picture of the interconnectedness between genetically modified cotton and stock prices. This positioning of our study within the existing literature not only showcases continuity in research themes but also invites a lighthearted reconsideration of the seemingly offbeat connections and tangential musings within the scholarly realm.

The compelling correlation coefficient and coefficient of determination further bolster the assertion that GMO cultivation in cotton plays an influential role in shaping the financial performance of CVS Health Corporation. As evidenced by the scatterplot, the visual representation of the relationship between GMO use in cotton and CVS stock price acts as a striking testament to the unsuspecting kinship between agricultural innovation and market dynamics. The whimsical imagery of the cotton fields swaying in the breeze may not be as far-fetched as it seems; indeed, it conveys a palpable connection to the ticker tape dancing to the tunes of market whims.

In effect, this study not only galvanizes the scientific dialogue surrounding agriculture and finance but introduces a touch of whimsy, underscoring the potential correlations lurking amidst seemingly disparate domains. These findings pave the way for further interdisciplinary exploration, beckoning researchers to embrace the unexpected and delve deeper into the delightful mysteries entwined within the fabric of genetically modified cotton and financial markets. With this study, we present a gentle reminder - it may be time to heed the murmurs of the cotton fields and consider the cotton crop reports as potential omens for financial foresight. After all, in this intricate dance, one might find that the cotton bolls hold secrets not yet fully unraveled.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in cotton and CVS stock price (CVS). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
GMO Gloat: A Cotton Connection to CVS Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the potential relationship between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in cotton cultivation and the stock price of CVS Health Corporation. Leveraging data from the United States Department of Agriculture and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), a thorough analysis was conducted for the period spanning from 2002 to 2022. The results unearth a significant correlation coefficient of 0.9025483 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a strong association between the utilization of GMOs in cotton and the meteoric fluctuations of CVS stock price. The subtle interplay between agricultural biotechnology and market dynamics unveils a vibrant canvas for further investigation and potential cultivation of fruitful insights. This study opens the door to the tantalizing hypothesis that the economic winds may indeed be silently whispered through the swaying cotton fields, and as such, market enthusiasts should keep a keen eye on the bolls for the next telltale sign.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
As the world of agriculture continues to traverse the landscape of biotechnology, the relationship between genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and the economic sphere has increasingly piqued the interest of researchers and market aficionados alike. Amidst this backdrop, the concept of a potential link between the use of GMOs in cotton cultivation and the stock price of CVS Health Corporation has emerged as a curious enigma. The notion that the genetic makeup of cotton could exert a clandestine influence on the financial realm of a healthcare giant such as CVS is both compelling and, in some respects, seemingly whimsical.
The aim of this research endeavor is to peel back the layers of this intriguing interplay, seeking to discern whether there exists a tangible correlation between these seemingly disparate domains. Leveraging a comprehensive dataset sourced from the United States Department of Agriculture and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), an in-depth examination was undertaken, spanning the period from 2002 to 2022. The empirical findings, which yielded a significant correlation coefficient of 0.9025483 and a p-value of less than 0.01, cast a spotlight on the unforeseen interconnectedness between the genetic fabric of cotton and the stock performance of CVS. The implications of these results unfold a rich tapestry of possibilities, hinting at a symbiotic dance between agricultural biotechnology and market dynamics, with implications reverberating through the economic landscape.
This study extends an open invitation to dinner, where the table is set for further theoretical exploration and empirical investigation into the underexplored linkage between the growth of genetically modified cotton and the fluctuations in CVS stock price. Could it be that the whispers of market movements are softly carried by the cotton breeze, providing a not-so-subtle nod to potential investors? The answer, it seems, lies beyond the hushed corridors of convention, in the uncharted fields of interdisciplinary inquiry and cross-pollination of ideas. As we unravel the intricate threads of this phenomenon, we stand poised to unearth insights that may offer lucrative opportunities and a bumper crop of knowledge.

[[RESULTS]]
RESULTS
The statistical analysis revealed a robust correlation coefficient of 0.9025483 between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in cotton cultivation and the stock price of CVS Health Corporation, suggesting a strong and positive association between these two seemingly disparate entities. Additionally, the coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.8145935 indicates that approximately 81.46% of the variability in the stock price of CVS can be explained by changes in the utilization of GMOs in cotton cultivation. The p-value of less than 0.01 further strengthens the argument for the existence of a significant relationship between these variables, lending statistical support to the seemingly whimsical linkage between agricultural biotechnology and market dynamics.
Furthermore, the scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually portrays a discernible pattern reflecting the noteworthy correlation between GMO use in cotton and CVS stock price. The scatterplot serves as a visual testament to the striking nature of the relationship discovered, capturing the audience's attention with its vivid depiction of the interwoven pathways between the cotton fields and the stock market ticker.
The quantitative evidence derived from this comprehensive analysis uncovers an unexpected kinship between the genetic alterations in cotton and the financial performance of CVS Health Corporation. The symbiotic dance of agricultural innovation and market fluctuations warrants a closer examination, paving the way for a fertile ground of inquiry and exploration in the terrain of interdisciplinary research. The discovery of this compelling correlation beckons researchers to traverse the uncharted territory of agricultural biotechnology's potential influence on financial markets, opening doors to new insights and opportunities lying dormant within the fields of investment and biotechnology.
The implications of these findings underscore the need for further scholarly investigation into this unconventional yet intriguing relationship, beckoning researchers and market enthusiasts to dig into the fertile soil of theoretical exploration. This study offers a gentle nudge, suggesting that the whispers of market movements may indeed be carried by the cotton breeze, unveiling potential investment cues woven into the fabric of genetically modified cotton. As the economic landscape continues to evolve, the revelatory findings of this research leave a lingering thought - perhaps it's time to scrutinize the cotton crop reports with the same zeal as stock market analyses, for in this intricate dance, secrets may lie hidden within the cotton bolls.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, the bountiful fields of this research endeavor have cultivated a fruitful harvest of empirical evidence, illuminating the unexpected and intriguing connection between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in cotton cultivation and the stock price of CVS Health Corporation. The robust correlation coefficient of 0.9025483 and the coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.8145935 serve as a testament to the potent interplay between the genetic fabric of cotton and the financial performance of CVS. As the scatterplot visually illustrates, the seemingly whimsical linkage between agricultural biotechnology and market dynamics indeed presents a compelling narrative, capturing the essence of the thriving symbiosis.

While the findings may seem like the plot of a twisted agricultural market soap opera, the statistical support and the hidden messages conveyed through the cotton breeze signal a call for further theoretical exploration and empirical investigation. The time has come to embrace the uncharted territory of interdisciplinary inquiry, as the whispers of market movements weigh heavy on the cotton-laden air. Investors and market enthusiasts are urged to keep a keen eye on the fields of genetically modified cotton, for insight may be woven amidst the swaying bolls.

In the grand choreography of economics and biotechnology, our research findings beckon a poignant encore: the tendrils of genetic manipulation do not merely entwine themselves within the crop, but also extend their influence to the realm of financial markets. It is in this unexpected dance that the potential for further scholarly investigation lies latent, teasing with the promise of uncovering more secrets hidden within the cotton bolls and stock market analyses.

Therefore, with the veil lifted on the clandestine relationship between GMO use in cotton and CVS stock price, we assert that the time has come to let the cotton wool gather no more research. This coupling is as captivating as a soap opera romance; it is time to shift our focus to new frontiers, lest we risk spinning in circles like a tumbleweed in a cotton field.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited GMO Gloat: A Cotton Connection to CVS Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Agricultural Humor and Financial Analysis


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited GMO Gloat: A Cotton Connection to CVS Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Bio-Agro Innovations and Financial Analysis


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled GMO Gloat: A Cotton Connection to CVS Stock Price with an abstract of This study delves into the potential relationship between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in cotton cultivation and the stock price of CVS Health Corporation. Leveraging data from the United States Department of Agriculture and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), a thorough analysis was conducted for the period spanning from 2002 to 2022. The results unearth a significant correlation coefficient of 0.9025483 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a strong association between the utilization of GMOs in cotton and the meteoric fluctuations of CVS stock price. The subtle interplay between agricultural biotechnology and market dynamics unveils a vibrant canvas for further investigation and potential cultivation of fruitful insights. This study opens the door to the tantalizing hypothesis that the economic winds may indeed be silently whispered through the swaying cotton fields, and as such, market enthusiasts should keep a keen eye on the bolls for the next telltale sign.

ChatGPT:

GMOs, cotton cultivation, genetically modified organisms, CVS stock price, United States Department of Agriculture, LSEG Analytics, Refinitiv, correlation coefficient, p-value, agricultural biotechnology, market dynamics, cotton fields, market analysis

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

GMO use in cotton
Detailed data title: Percent of cotton planted in the United States genetically modified with both Bt and HT
Source: USDA
See what else correlates with GMO use in cotton

CVS stock price (CVS)
Detailed data title: Opening price of CVS Health (CVS) on the first trading day of the year
Source: LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv)
Additional Info: Via Microsoft Excel Stockhistory function

See what else correlates with CVS stock price (CVS)

Correlation r = 0.9025483 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.8145935 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 81.5% of the change in the one variable (i.e., CVS stock price (CVS)) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., GMO use in cotton) over the 21 years from 2002 through 2022.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 2.21E-8. 0.0000000220785230599463600000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.9 in 2.21E-6% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 45,292,885 random variables You don't actually need 45 million variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 20 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 20 because we have two variables measured over a period of 21 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.77, 0.96 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022
GMO use in cotton (GMO cotton %)222730343942454858586367797980808289838886
CVS stock price (CVS) (Stock price)14.9312.7318.1522.726.6730.9539.7128.8132.4334.9441.349.0271.1696.5296.1779.5873.0664.8674.6568.68102.81




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([22,27,30,34,39,42,45,48,58,58,63,67,79,79,80,80,82,89,83,88,86,])
array_2 = np.array([14.93,12.73,18.15,22.7,26.67,30.95,39.71,28.81,32.43,34.94,41.3,49.02,71.16,96.52,96.17,79.58,73.06,64.86,74.65,68.68,102.81,])
array_1_name = "GMO use in cotton"
array_2_name = "CVS stock price (CVS)"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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Correlation ID: 4103 · Black Variable ID: 801 · Red Variable ID: 1646
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