Spurious correlation #3,173 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Associates degrees awarded in Homeland security and the second variable is The number of historians in Mississippi. The chart goes from 2011 to 2020, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Associates degrees awarded in Homeland security and the second variable is The number of historians in Mississippi. The chart goes from 2011 to 2020, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As more people became experts in defending the homeland, they realized the importance of understanding Mississippi's history and how it shaped their current security dynamics. Because nothing safeguards the state like a good old-fashioned lesson in the Battle of Vicksburg!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image of a lively Mississippi city scene focusing on a group of proud students holding up their new Associate's degrees in Homeland Security and Protective Services. The students are standing in front of a historic site, while a team of historians documents and preserves the site in the background. The image should capture the bustling energy of the city and the harmonious collaboration between the students and historians as they work to protect and honor the past while securing the future. The scene should be realistic and visually compelling, portraying the sense of accomplishment and dedication of the students and historians. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Associates degrees awarded in Homeland security and related protective services and The number of historians in Mississippi. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Steampunk Psychedelic Realistic Pop art Photorealism
ChatGPT: Realistic

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Associates degrees awarded in Homeland security and related protective services and The number of historians in Mississippi, in the following situation: Because as more people became trained in security, Mississippi realized the need to protect its historical sites, leading to an increase in demand for historians. As security experts safeguarded the present, historians safeguarded the past - a perfect partnership!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a bustling Mississippi city, a group of students proudly holds up their new Associate's degrees in Homeland Security and Protective Services. Nearby, a team of historians carefully documents and preserves a historic site, working in perfect harmony to protect and honor the past while securing the future.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Realistic ] and depicting this scene: In a bustling Mississippi city, a group of students proudly holds up their new Associate's degrees in Homeland Security and Protective Services. Nearby, a team of historians carefully documents and preserves a historic site, working in perfect harmony to protect and honor the past while securing the future. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image of a lively Mississippi city scene focusing on a group of proud students holding up their new Associate's degrees in Homeland Security and Protective Services. The students are standing in front of a historic site, while a team of historians documents and preserves the site in the background. The image should capture the bustling energy of the city and the harmonious collaboration between the students and historians as they work to protect and honor the past while securing the future. The scene should be realistic and visually compelling, portraying the sense of accomplishment and dedication of the students and historians.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Associates degrees awarded in Homeland security and related protective services caused The number of historians in Mississippi to increase. Add a funny one-liner at the end.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

The Link between Logistics of Learning and Lowdown on Legacies: A Look at Associates Degrees in Homeland Security and the Handful of Historians in Mississippi

The Journal of Southern Security Studies

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Homeland security and related protective services and The number of historians in Mississippi. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then devolve ever further, and mention something completely ridiculous, like you conducted literature review by reading the backs of shampoo bottles.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Link between Logistics of Learning and Lowdown on Legacies: A Look at Associates Degrees in Homeland Security and the Handful of Historians in Mississippi

[[ABSTRACT]]
The aim of this study is to investigate the connection between the awarding of associates degrees in homeland security and related protective services and the number of historians in the state of Mississippi. We employ data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics to tackle this enigma. Our findings reveal a high correlation coefficient of 0.9390136 with a significance level of p < 0.01 for the period spanning from 2011 to 2020.

Our analysis not only uncovers this intriguing relationship but also offers hands-on insight into how academia and employment in history intertwine. And speaking of intertwining, did you hear about the historian who got entangled in ancient toilet paper? He said it was a real "roll" reversal!

Despite the perceived disparity between these seemingly unrelated fields, our research suggests that there may be more overlap than meets the eye. It appears that as the number of associates degrees awarded in homeland security and related protective services increases, the number of historians in Mississippi also rises. Could it be that the pursuit of security and the study of history go hand in hand, much like the famous duo "Sherlock Holmes and Watson - The Adventure of the Missing Artifacts"?

Additionally, this study sheds light on the broader implications for educational and career pathways. Is there a ripple effect whereby the trends in academic program completions ripple through the job market, affecting the number of professionals in entirely different fields? It's a conundrum akin to which came first, the accordion or the polka?

In conclusion, this research presents a thought-provoking perspective on the possible connections between educational choices and historical pursuits. As we uncover more about the interplay between these seemingly disparate domains, it becomes clear that there's often more to the story than meets the eye. Just as a Mississippi historian might say, "The past is full of unexpected twists, like a history-themed escape room!"

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The academic world is no stranger to unexpected correlations and unlikely connections, much like the surprise union of Mississippi historians and associates degrees in homeland security and related protective services. As researchers delve into the statistics and data surrounding these seemingly disparate fields, they inevitably unravel intriguing relationships that may leave you scratching your head, much like trying to decipher hieroglyphics after a long day in the lab.
This study delves into this peculiar relationship, aiming to shed light on the fascinating dynamics at play. It prompts us to ponder the possibility of an unexpected symbiosis between the realm of historical exploration and the pursuit of safeguarding our present and future, not unlike the ancient Greek gods forging unlikely alliances in their epic sagas.
The distinct disciplines of homeland security and history are like unlikely dance partners at a masquerade ball, each with their own steps and rhythms, yet somehow finding a way to harmoniously waltz across the academic floor. Our research endeavors to unveil this unexpected pas de deux and perhaps even find a common beat, akin to discovering a lost fossil of the "Twist and Stout" dance among ancient artifacts.
As we embark on this intellectual journey, our investigation seeks to demonstrate that the web of academia and employment may be more intricately interwoven than previously thought. It is as though we are peering into a tangled web of data, seeking to discern the subtle threads of correlation that bind these seemingly unrelated fields together, not unlike untangling a Gordian knot of academic curiosities.
This study endeavors to provide captivating insights that may broaden our understanding of the nuanced relationships between educational pursuits and professional vocations. It is akin to unraveling a cloak-and-dagger mystery, where each piece of evidence leads us closer to uncovering the unexpected connections between the logistics of learning and the lowdown on legacies. And speaking of legacies, did you hear about the historian who always kept a spare quill? He believed in leaving no stone unturned in documenting the "write" legacy!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

A thorough review of existing literature on the intertwined topics of academic pursuits in homeland security and related protective services and the study of history as a profession reveals several significant insights. Smith et al. (2017) elucidate the educational pathways in the field of security studies, shedding light on the evolving trends in degree completions and workforce demand. Doe and Jones (2019) examine the employment landscape for historians, offering a comprehensive analysis of labor market dynamics and historical research.

In "Introduction to Homeland Security" by Bullock et al. (2014), the authors outline the core principles and practices in homeland security, providing a comprehensive overview of the field. Similarly, "The Oxford Handbook of American Political Development" edited by Valelly et al. (2016) presents a collection of essays that delve into the historical underpinnings of American government and policy.

Moving into the realm of fiction, "The Historian" by Elizabeth Kostova presents a gripping tale of historical exploration and intrigue, intertwining the past and present in a captivating narrative. Likewise, the renowned "Homeland" series by Andrew Kaplan weaves a tapestry of espionage and security, showcasing the enthralling world of international intrigue and covert operations.

Venturing into less conventional sources, a qualitative analysis of the backs of shampoo bottles found a surprising lack of historical data but an abundance of intriguing chemical compositions. It appears that the hair care industry may not hold the key to unraveling the enigmatic connection between academic pursuits in homeland security and the professional practice of history, although it certainly provides a refreshing change of topic.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Homeland security and related protective services and The number of historians in Mississippi. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National Center for Education Statistics and Bureau of Larbor Statistics . You used data from 2011 to 2020

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Link between Logistics of Learning and Lowdown on Legacies: A Look at Associates Degrees in Homeland Security and the Handful of Historians in Mississippi

[[ABSTRACT]]
The aim of this study is to investigate the connection between the awarding of associates degrees in homeland security and related protective services and the number of historians in the state of Mississippi. We employ data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics to tackle this enigma. Our findings reveal a high correlation coefficient of 0.9390136 with a significance level of p < 0.01 for the period spanning from 2011 to 2020.

Our analysis not only uncovers this intriguing relationship but also offers hands-on insight into how academia and employment in history intertwine. And speaking of intertwining, did you hear about the historian who got entangled in ancient toilet paper? He said it was a real "roll" reversal!

Despite the perceived disparity between these seemingly unrelated fields, our research suggests that there may be more overlap than meets the eye. It appears that as the number of associates degrees awarded in homeland security and related protective services increases, the number of historians in Mississippi also rises. Could it be that the pursuit of security and the study of history go hand in hand, much like the famous duo "Sherlock Holmes and Watson - The Adventure of the Missing Artifacts"?

Additionally, this study sheds light on the broader implications for educational and career pathways. Is there a ripple effect whereby the trends in academic program completions ripple through the job market, affecting the number of professionals in entirely different fields? It's a conundrum akin to which came first, the accordion or the polka?

In conclusion, this research presents a thought-provoking perspective on the possible connections between educational choices and historical pursuits. As we uncover more about the interplay between these seemingly disparate domains, it becomes clear that there's often more to the story than meets the eye. Just as a Mississippi historian might say, "The past is full of unexpected twists, like a history-themed escape room!"

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The academic world is no stranger to unexpected correlations and unlikely connections, much like the surprise union of Mississippi historians and associates degrees in homeland security and related protective services. As researchers delve into the statistics and data surrounding these seemingly disparate fields, they inevitably unravel intriguing relationships that may leave you scratching your head, much like trying to decipher hieroglyphics after a long day in the lab.
This study delves into this peculiar relationship, aiming to shed light on the fascinating dynamics at play. It prompts us to ponder the possibility of an unexpected symbiosis between the realm of historical exploration and the pursuit of safeguarding our present and future, not unlike the ancient Greek gods forging unlikely alliances in their epic sagas.
The distinct disciplines of homeland security and history are like unlikely dance partners at a masquerade ball, each with their own steps and rhythms, yet somehow finding a way to harmoniously waltz across the academic floor. Our research endeavors to unveil this unexpected pas de deux and perhaps even find a common beat, akin to discovering a lost fossil of the "Twist and Stout" dance among ancient artifacts.
As we embark on this intellectual journey, our investigation seeks to demonstrate that the web of academia and employment may be more intricately interwoven than previously thought. It is as though we are peering into a tangled web of data, seeking to discern the subtle threads of correlation that bind these seemingly unrelated fields together, not unlike untangling a Gordian knot of academic curiosities.
This study endeavors to provide captivating insights that may broaden our understanding of the nuanced relationships between educational pursuits and professional vocations. It is akin to unraveling a cloak-and-dagger mystery, where each piece of evidence leads us closer to uncovering the unexpected connections between the logistics of learning and the lowdown on legacies. And speaking of legacies, did you hear about the historian who always kept a spare quill? He believed in leaving no stone unturned in documenting the "write" legacy!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

The methodology employed in this research endeavor involved the collection and analysis of data pertaining to the awarding of associates degrees in homeland security and related protective services and the number of historians in the state of Mississippi. Data for the period spanning from 2011 to 2020 was obtained from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The data extraction process was as rigorous as trying to herd cats, involving meticulous scrutiny and categorization to ensure the robustness of the dataset.

To quantify the relationship between the variables, a multitude of statistical analyses were conducted. A Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to ascertain the strength and direction of the linear relationship between the number of associates degrees awarded in homeland security and related protective services and the number of historians in Mississippi. The significance of this relationship was evaluated using a two-tailed t-test, with a p-value less than 0.01 considered to be statistically significant, providing evidence of a relationship as clear as a perfectly preserved artifact.

Furthermore, a multivariate regression analysis was performed to elucidate the extent to which the number of associates degrees in homeland security and related protective services predicts the number of historians in Mississippi while controlling for potential confounding variables. This method allowed for the identification of nuanced interrelationships between the variables, akin to unraveling a tangled historical narrative.

In addition to the quantitative analyses, qualitative methods were also employed to explore the underlying mechanisms that may account for the observed relationship. Through in-depth interviews with educators, historians, and professionals in the field of homeland security, anecdotal evidence was gathered, adding a layer of depth to the statistical findings. These interviews were conducted with the same level of precision as a careful excavation, unearthing valuable insights like uncovering a hidden treasure trove of information.

The research team also leveraged geographic information systems (GIS) mapping to visualize the spatial distribution of associates degrees awarded in homeland security and related protective services alongside the distribution of historians in Mississippi. This allowed for a comprehensive examination of potential regional variations, akin to creating a historical map of academic and professional territories.

Finally, a thematic analysis of historical documents, ranging from ancient scrolls to modern-day archives, was conducted to identify any historical precedents or symbolic parallels to the observed relationship between educational pursuits and professional vocations. This process was as meticulous as sifting through sand for archaeological remains, revealing subtle nuances and historical echoes relevant to our research.

The integration of these diverse methodologies provided a robust foundation for understanding and interpreting the complex relationship between the logistics of learning and the lowdown on legacies.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Homeland security and related protective services and The number of historians in Mississippi. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National Center for Education Statistics and Bureau of Larbor Statistics .

For the time period 2011 to 2020, you found a correlation 0.9390136, r-squared of 0.8817465, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Link between Logistics of Learning and Lowdown on Legacies: A Look at Associates Degrees in Homeland Security and the Handful of Historians in Mississippi

[[ABSTRACT]]
The aim of this study is to investigate the connection between the awarding of associates degrees in homeland security and related protective services and the number of historians in the state of Mississippi. We employ data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics to tackle this enigma. Our findings reveal a high correlation coefficient of 0.9390136 with a significance level of p < 0.01 for the period spanning from 2011 to 2020.

Our analysis not only uncovers this intriguing relationship but also offers hands-on insight into how academia and employment in history intertwine. And speaking of intertwining, did you hear about the historian who got entangled in ancient toilet paper? He said it was a real "roll" reversal!

Despite the perceived disparity between these seemingly unrelated fields, our research suggests that there may be more overlap than meets the eye. It appears that as the number of associates degrees awarded in homeland security and related protective services increases, the number of historians in Mississippi also rises. Could it be that the pursuit of security and the study of history go hand in hand, much like the famous duo "Sherlock Holmes and Watson - The Adventure of the Missing Artifacts"?

Additionally, this study sheds light on the broader implications for educational and career pathways. Is there a ripple effect whereby the trends in academic program completions ripple through the job market, affecting the number of professionals in entirely different fields? It's a conundrum akin to which came first, the accordion or the polka?

In conclusion, this research presents a thought-provoking perspective on the possible connections between educational choices and historical pursuits. As we uncover more about the interplay between these seemingly disparate domains, it becomes clear that there's often more to the story than meets the eye. Just as a Mississippi historian might say, "The past is full of unexpected twists, like a history-themed escape room!"

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The academic world is no stranger to unexpected correlations and unlikely connections, much like the surprise union of Mississippi historians and associates degrees in homeland security and related protective services. As researchers delve into the statistics and data surrounding these seemingly disparate fields, they inevitably unravel intriguing relationships that may leave you scratching your head, much like trying to decipher hieroglyphics after a long day in the lab.
This study delves into this peculiar relationship, aiming to shed light on the fascinating dynamics at play. It prompts us to ponder the possibility of an unexpected symbiosis between the realm of historical exploration and the pursuit of safeguarding our present and future, not unlike the ancient Greek gods forging unlikely alliances in their epic sagas.
The distinct disciplines of homeland security and history are like unlikely dance partners at a masquerade ball, each with their own steps and rhythms, yet somehow finding a way to harmoniously waltz across the academic floor. Our research endeavors to unveil this unexpected pas de deux and perhaps even find a common beat, akin to discovering a lost fossil of the "Twist and Stout" dance among ancient artifacts.
As we embark on this intellectual journey, our investigation seeks to demonstrate that the web of academia and employment may be more intricately interwoven than previously thought. It is as though we are peering into a tangled web of data, seeking to discern the subtle threads of correlation that bind these seemingly unrelated fields together, not unlike untangling a Gordian knot of academic curiosities.
This study endeavors to provide captivating insights that may broaden our understanding of the nuanced relationships between educational pursuits and professional vocations. It is akin to unraveling a cloak-and-dagger mystery, where each piece of evidence leads us closer to uncovering the unexpected connections between the logistics of learning and the lowdown on legacies. And speaking of legacies, did you hear about the historian who always kept a spare quill? He believed in leaving no stone unturned in documenting the "write" legacy!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The correlation analysis revealed a remarkably strong correlation coefficient of 0.9390136 between the number of associates degrees awarded in homeland security and related protective services and the quantity of historians employed in the state of Mississippi from 2011 to 2020. This high correlation coefficient suggests a robust, positive relationship between these seemingly incongruent variables. It seems that the ties binding homeland security and history are as strong as Kevlar – talk about a historical and statistical partnership fit for a page-turner!

Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (r-squared) was calculated to be 0.8817465, indicating that approximately 88.17% of the variance in the number of historians in Mississippi can be explained by the variance in the awarding of associates degrees in homeland security and related protective services. It's as though the historical narrative of Mississippi is intricately intertwined with the educational pathways of its security-oriented scholars, painting a statistical canvas worthy of a museum exhibit!

The statistical significance of the correlation was corroborated by a p-value of less than 0.01, underscoring the robustness of the observed relationship. Such a low p-value suggests that the probability of obtaining the observed results due to random chance is less than 1%, providing compelling evidence for the substantive connection between these two domains. It's almost as if statistical significance is the historical marker guiding us through the labyrinth of data, leading us to the treasure trove of meaningful insights!

Figure 1 depicts the scatterplot illustrating the strong positive correlation between the number of associates degrees awarded in homeland security and related protective services and the quantity of historians employed in Mississippi. The scatterplot resembles an academic tapestry woven with data points, portraying a narrative of interconnectedness between the pursuits of security and the study of historical legacies. It's like watching a historical drama unfold before your eyes, with each data point playing its unique role in the grand narrative of academia and employment in Mississippi. Speaking of drama, did you hear about the historian who specialized in studying ancient musical notation? He was known for his ability to "note" the historical high notes!

In summary, the results of this study illuminate a compelling association between the conferral of associates degrees in homeland security and related protective services and the employment of historians in Mississippi. This unexpected correlation underscores the complexity of educational and career dynamics, presenting a narrative that transcends the conventional boundaries of academic disciplines. This correlation poses a conundrum akin to deciphering cryptic historical manuscripts – unraveling layers of interconnectedness that challenge traditional paradigms of academia and employment. Just as an Mississippi historian would quip, "The past and present have more in common than meets the eye; the future, too, holds its share of historical surprises!"

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Homeland security and related protective services and The number of historians in Mississippi. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
The Link between Logistics of Learning and Lowdown on Legacies: A Look at Associates Degrees in Homeland Security and the Handful of Historians in Mississippi

[[ABSTRACT]]
The aim of this study is to investigate the connection between the awarding of associates degrees in homeland security and related protective services and the number of historians in the state of Mississippi. We employ data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics to tackle this enigma. Our findings reveal a high correlation coefficient of 0.9390136 with a significance level of p < 0.01 for the period spanning from 2011 to 2020.

Our analysis not only uncovers this intriguing relationship but also offers hands-on insight into how academia and employment in history intertwine. And speaking of intertwining, did you hear about the historian who got entangled in ancient toilet paper? He said it was a real "roll" reversal!

Despite the perceived disparity between these seemingly unrelated fields, our research suggests that there may be more overlap than meets the eye. It appears that as the number of associates degrees awarded in homeland security and related protective services increases, the number of historians in Mississippi also rises. Could it be that the pursuit of security and the study of history go hand in hand, much like the famous duo "Sherlock Holmes and Watson - The Adventure of the Missing Artifacts"?

Additionally, this study sheds light on the broader implications for educational and career pathways. Is there a ripple effect whereby the trends in academic program completions ripple through the job market, affecting the number of professionals in entirely different fields? It's a conundrum akin to which came first, the accordion or the polka?

In conclusion, this research presents a thought-provoking perspective on the possible connections between educational choices and historical pursuits. As we uncover more about the interplay between these seemingly disparate domains, it becomes clear that there's often more to the story than meets the eye. Just as a Mississippi historian might say, "The past is full of unexpected twists, like a history-themed escape room!"

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
A thorough review of existing literature on the intertwined topics of academic pursuits in homeland security and related protective services and the study of history as a profession reveals several significant insights. Smith et al. (2017) elucidate the educational pathways in the field of security studies, shedding light on the evolving trends in degree completions and workforce demand. Doe and Jones (2019) examine the employment landscape for historians, offering a comprehensive analysis of labor market dynamics and historical research.
In "Introduction to Homeland Security" by Bullock et al. (2014), the authors outline the core principles and practices in homeland security, providing a comprehensive overview of the field. Similarly, "The Oxford Handbook of American Political Development" edited by Valelly et al. (2016) presents a collection of essays that delve into the historical underpinnings of American government and policy.
Moving into the realm of fiction, "The Historian" by Elizabeth Kostova presents a gripping tale of historical exploration and intrigue, intertwining the past and present in a captivating narrative. Likewise, the renowned "Homeland" series by Andrew Kaplan weaves a tapestry of espionage and security, showcasing the enthralling world of international intrigue and covert operations.
Venturing into less conventional sources, a qualitative analysis of the backs of shampoo bottles found a surprising lack of historical data but an abundance of intriguing chemical compositions. It appears that the hair care industry may not hold the key to unraveling the enigmatic connection between academic pursuits in homeland security and the professional practice of history, although it certainly provides a refreshing change of topic.

[[RESULTS]]
The correlation analysis revealed a remarkably strong correlation coefficient of 0.9390136 between the number of associates degrees awarded in homeland security and related protective services and the quantity of historians employed in the state of Mississippi from 2011 to 2020. This high correlation coefficient suggests a robust, positive relationship between these seemingly incongruent variables. It seems that the ties binding homeland security and history are as strong as Kevlar – talk about a historical and statistical partnership fit for a page-turner!
Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (r-squared) was calculated to be 0.8817465, indicating that approximately 88.17% of the variance in the number of historians in Mississippi can be explained by the variance in the awarding of associates degrees in homeland security and related protective services. It's as though the historical narrative of Mississippi is intricately intertwined with the educational pathways of its security-oriented scholars, painting a statistical canvas worthy of a museum exhibit!
The statistical significance of the correlation was corroborated by a p-value of less than 0.01, underscoring the robustness of the observed relationship. Such a low p-value suggests that the probability of obtaining the observed results due to random chance is less than 1%, providing compelling evidence for the substantive connection between these two domains. It's almost as if statistical significance is the historical marker guiding us through the labyrinth of data, leading us to the treasure trove of meaningful insights!
Figure 1 depicts the scatterplot illustrating the strong positive correlation between the number of associates degrees awarded in homeland security and related protective services and the quantity of historians employed in Mississippi. The scatterplot resembles an academic tapestry woven with data points, portraying a narrative of interconnectedness between the pursuits of security and the study of historical legacies. It's like watching a historical drama unfold before your eyes, with each data point playing its unique role in the grand narrative of academia and employment in Mississippi. Speaking of drama, did you hear about the historian who specialized in studying ancient musical notation? He was known for his ability to "note" the historical high notes!
In summary, the results of this study illuminate a compelling association between the conferral of associates degrees in homeland security and related protective services and the employment of historians in Mississippi. This unexpected correlation underscores the complexity of educational and career dynamics, presenting a narrative that transcends the conventional boundaries of academic disciplines. This correlation poses a conundrum akin to deciphering cryptic historical manuscripts – unraveling layers of interconnectedness that challenge traditional paradigms of academia and employment. Just as an Mississippi historian would quip, "The past and present have more in common than meets the eye; the future, too, holds its share of historical surprises!"

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The intriguing results of this study suggest a strong association between the awarding of associates degrees in homeland security and related protective services and the number of historians employed in the state of Mississippi. The remarkable correlation coefficient, supported by a low p-value, highlights a compelling relationship that defies traditional disciplinary boundaries. It seems that the pursuit of security and the study of history in Mississippi are intertwined in ways that evoke the image of two colleagues in a joyous polka, unraveling historical mysteries hand in hand.

Our findings align with previous research by Smith et al. (2017) and Doe and Jones (2019), reinforcing the idea that educational pathways and workforce dynamics are deeply interconnected. Additionally, the unexpected connection uncovered in this study resonates with the notion put forth by Elizabeth Kostova in "The Historian" that history's grip on the present and the future is a force to be reckoned with, much like an unexpected historical reference in a shampoo bottle.

The high coefficient of determination further underscores the substantial impact of educational pursuits in homeland security and related protective services on the employment landscape for historians in Mississippi. It's as though the educational endeavors of security-minded scholars compose a melodic score that reverberates through the historical corridors of the state, much like a historically inclined academic tapestry.

The unexpectedly strong association between these variables presents an intriguing puzzle that challenges conventional understandings of academic and career pathways. It is as though the pursuit of security and the study of history in Mississippi unfold as a captivating drama, with each data point contributing a unique piece to the intricate narrative of professional pursuits. Just as an Mississippi historian would cleverly remark, "The historical backdrop of academia and employment in Mississippi is full of unforeseen plot twists, much like a historical fiction novel come to life!"

While this study sheds light on the intricate relationship between these seemingly divergent fields, it also prompts further exploration and inquiry into the underlying mechanisms and implications of this association. As we continue to unravel the mysteries of academic and professional interconnectedness, it becomes evident that the boundaries of disciplines are porous, and the landscapes of learning and legacies are intertwined in ways that defy conventional wisdom. It's like a tag team of unexpected pairings, where the logistical journey of learning takes us to the lowdown on legacies in an enthralling historical caper, leaving us with a chuckle-worthy dad joke and an open door for further academic investigation.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Homeland security and related protective services and The number of historians in Mississippi. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
The Link between Logistics of Learning and Lowdown on Legacies: A Look at Associates Degrees in Homeland Security and the Handful of Historians in Mississippi

[[ABSTRACT]]
The aim of this study is to investigate the connection between the awarding of associates degrees in homeland security and related protective services and the number of historians in the state of Mississippi. We employ data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics to tackle this enigma. Our findings reveal a high correlation coefficient of 0.9390136 with a significance level of p < 0.01 for the period spanning from 2011 to 2020.

Our analysis not only uncovers this intriguing relationship but also offers hands-on insight into how academia and employment in history intertwine. And speaking of intertwining, did you hear about the historian who got entangled in ancient toilet paper? He said it was a real "roll" reversal!

Despite the perceived disparity between these seemingly unrelated fields, our research suggests that there may be more overlap than meets the eye. It appears that as the number of associates degrees awarded in homeland security and related protective services increases, the number of historians in Mississippi also rises. Could it be that the pursuit of security and the study of history go hand in hand, much like the famous duo "Sherlock Holmes and Watson - The Adventure of the Missing Artifacts"?

Additionally, this study sheds light on the broader implications for educational and career pathways. Is there a ripple effect whereby the trends in academic program completions ripple through the job market, affecting the number of professionals in entirely different fields? It's a conundrum akin to which came first, the accordion or the polka?

In conclusion, this research presents a thought-provoking perspective on the possible connections between educational choices and historical pursuits. As we uncover more about the interplay between these seemingly disparate domains, it becomes clear that there's often more to the story than meets the eye. Just as a Mississippi historian might say, "The past is full of unexpected twists, like a history-themed escape room!"

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The academic world is no stranger to unexpected correlations and unlikely connections, much like the surprise union of Mississippi historians and associates degrees in homeland security and related protective services. As researchers delve into the statistics and data surrounding these seemingly disparate fields, they inevitably unravel intriguing relationships that may leave you scratching your head, much like trying to decipher hieroglyphics after a long day in the lab.
This study delves into this peculiar relationship, aiming to shed light on the fascinating dynamics at play. It prompts us to ponder the possibility of an unexpected symbiosis between the realm of historical exploration and the pursuit of safeguarding our present and future, not unlike the ancient Greek gods forging unlikely alliances in their epic sagas.
The distinct disciplines of homeland security and history are like unlikely dance partners at a masquerade ball, each with their own steps and rhythms, yet somehow finding a way to harmoniously waltz across the academic floor. Our research endeavors to unveil this unexpected pas de deux and perhaps even find a common beat, akin to discovering a lost fossil of the "Twist and Stout" dance among ancient artifacts.
As we embark on this intellectual journey, our investigation seeks to demonstrate that the web of academia and employment may be more intricately interwoven than previously thought. It is as though we are peering into a tangled web of data, seeking to discern the subtle threads of correlation that bind these seemingly unrelated fields together, not unlike untangling a Gordian knot of academic curiosities.
This study endeavors to provide captivating insights that may broaden our understanding of the nuanced relationships between educational pursuits and professional vocations. It is akin to unraveling a cloak-and-dagger mystery, where each piece of evidence leads us closer to uncovering the unexpected connections between the logistics of learning and the lowdown on legacies. And speaking of legacies, did you hear about the historian who always kept a spare quill? He believed in leaving no stone unturned in documenting the "write" legacy!

[[RESULTS]]
The correlation analysis revealed a remarkably strong correlation coefficient of 0.9390136 between the number of associates degrees awarded in homeland security and related protective services and the quantity of historians employed in the state of Mississippi from 2011 to 2020. This high correlation coefficient suggests a robust, positive relationship between these seemingly incongruent variables. It seems that the ties binding homeland security and history are as strong as Kevlar – talk about a historical and statistical partnership fit for a page-turner!
Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (r-squared) was calculated to be 0.8817465, indicating that approximately 88.17% of the variance in the number of historians in Mississippi can be explained by the variance in the awarding of associates degrees in homeland security and related protective services. It's as though the historical narrative of Mississippi is intricately intertwined with the educational pathways of its security-oriented scholars, painting a statistical canvas worthy of a museum exhibit!
The statistical significance of the correlation was corroborated by a p-value of less than 0.01, underscoring the robustness of the observed relationship. Such a low p-value suggests that the probability of obtaining the observed results due to random chance is less than 1%, providing compelling evidence for the substantive connection between these two domains. It's almost as if statistical significance is the historical marker guiding us through the labyrinth of data, leading us to the treasure trove of meaningful insights!
Figure 1 depicts the scatterplot illustrating the strong positive correlation between the number of associates degrees awarded in homeland security and related protective services and the quantity of historians employed in Mississippi. The scatterplot resembles an academic tapestry woven with data points, portraying a narrative of interconnectedness between the pursuits of security and the study of historical legacies. It's like watching a historical drama unfold before your eyes, with each data point playing its unique role in the grand narrative of academia and employment in Mississippi. Speaking of drama, did you hear about the historian who specialized in studying ancient musical notation? He was known for his ability to "note" the historical high notes!
In summary, the results of this study illuminate a compelling association between the conferral of associates degrees in homeland security and related protective services and the employment of historians in Mississippi. This unexpected correlation underscores the complexity of educational and career dynamics, presenting a narrative that transcends the conventional boundaries of academic disciplines. This correlation poses a conundrum akin to deciphering cryptic historical manuscripts – unraveling layers of interconnectedness that challenge traditional paradigms of academia and employment. Just as an Mississippi historian would quip, "The past and present have more in common than meets the eye; the future, too, holds its share of historical surprises!"

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our research has unraveled a compelling connection between the conferral of associates degrees in homeland security and related protective services and the employment of historians in Mississippi. This surprising correlation suggests that the pursuit of safeguarding the present and the exploration of historical legacies are intertwined in ways that defy conventional wisdom. It's as if statistical analysis has uncovered a historical document full of unexpected plot twists and turns!

The implications of this correlation are manifold, hinting at the intricate interplay between educational pathways and professional vocations. One might say it's akin to a carefully orchestrated symphony, with each note representing a distinct facet of the academic and employment landscape in Mississippi. On a related note, did you hear about the historian who studied the history of farm machinery? He was a real "tractor" of historical knowledge!

Furthermore, the robustness of the observed relationship, as evidenced by the high correlation coefficient and statistical significance, underscores the need for further exploration of the underlying mechanisms at play. It's like unraveling the historical origins of a beloved family heirloom – each thread revealing a piece of the puzzle.

However, given the unexpected nature of this correlation and the delightful historical and statistical anecdotes it has inspired, it is imperative to acknowledge that no further research in this convivial area is needed. As the adage goes, "If it ain't broke, don't fix it!" Thank you for joining us on this whimsical yet illuminating academic journey.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited The Link between Logistics of Learning and Lowdown on Legacies: A Look at Associates Degrees in Homeland Security and the Handful of Historians in Mississippi. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Southern Security Studies

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited The Link between Logistics of Learning and Lowdown on Legacies: A Look at Associates Degrees in Homeland Security and the Handful of Historians in Mississippi. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for the Advancement of Academic Acronyms

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled The Link between Logistics of Learning and Lowdown on Legacies: A Look at Associates Degrees in Homeland Security and the Handful of Historians in Mississippi with an abstract of The aim of this study is to investigate the connection between the awarding of associates degrees in homeland security and related protective services and the number of historians in the state of Mississippi. We employ data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics to tackle this enigma. Our findings reveal a high correlation coefficient of 0.9390136 with a significance level of p < 0.01 for the period spanning from 2011 to 2020.
Our analysis not only uncovers this intriguing relationship but also offers hands-on insight into how academia and employment in history intertwine. And speaking of intertwining, did you hear about the historian who got entangled in ancient toilet paper? He said it was a real "roll" reversal!
Despite the perceived disparity between these seemingly unrelated fields, our research suggests that there may be more overlap than meets the eye. It appears that as the number of associates degrees awarded in homeland security and related protective services increases, the number of historians in Mississippi also rises. Could it be that the pursuit of security and the study of history go hand in hand, much like the famous duo "Sherlock Holmes and Watson - The Adventure of the Missing Artifacts"?
Additionally, this study sheds light on the broader implications for educational and career pathways. Is there a ripple effect whereby the trends in academic program completions ripple through the job market, affecting the number of professionals in entirely different fields? It's a conundrum akin to which came first, the accordion or the polka?
In conclusion, this research presents a thought-provoking perspective on the possible connections between educational choices and historical pursuits. As we uncover more about the interplay between these seemingly disparate domains, it becomes clear that there's often more to the story than meets the eye. Just as a Mississippi historian might say, "The past is full of unexpected twists, like a history-themed escape room!

ChatGPT:

associates degrees, homeland security, protective services, Mississippi historians, National Center for Education Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Associates degrees awarded in Homeland security
Detailed data title: Associate's degrees conferred by postsecondary institutions with a field of study of Homeland security and related protective services, other
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
See what else correlates with Associates degrees awarded in Homeland security

The number of historians in Mississippi
Detailed data title: BLS estimate of historians in Mississippi
Source: Bureau of Larbor Statistics
See what else correlates with The number of historians in Mississippi

Correlation r = 0.9390136 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.8817465 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 88.2% of the change in the one variable (i.e., The number of historians in Mississippi) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Associates degrees awarded in Homeland security) over the 10 years from 2011 through 2020.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 5.6E-5.^Show 0.0000562039942590477200000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.94 in 0.0056% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 17,792 random variables^Note Which I absolutely did.
with the same 9 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 9 because we have two variables measured over a period of 10 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.76, 0.99 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Associates degrees awarded in Homeland security (Degrees awarded)	136	365	510	492	440	375	402	382	379	538
The number of historians in Mississippi (Historians)	100	110	120	120	110	110	110	110	110	120

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. ^Note Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([136,365,510,492,440,375,402,382,379,538,])
array_2 = np.array([100,110,120,120,110,110,110,110,110,120,])
array_1_name = "Associates degrees awarded in Homeland security"
array_2_name = "The number of historians in Mississippi"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Associates degrees awarded in Homeland security
Line chart for only The number of historians in Mississippi
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: The Link between Logistics of Learning and Lowdown on Legacies: A Look at Associates Degrees in Homeland Security and the Handful of Historians in Mississippi

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Correlation ID: 3173 · Black Variable ID: 1239 · Red Variable ID: 17162


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