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Spurious correlation #2,456 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The distance between Uranus and Venus and the second variable is Season wins for the Green Bay Packers.  The chart goes from 1975 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

The gravitational pull was affecting the quarterback's throwing accuracy due to the alignment of their chakras.

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: An image that looks like it is a scene from 'Star Wars': A Green Bay Packer quarterback, standing on Uranus, throws a football towards Venus, which is visible in the distance. As he releases the ball, the alignment of his chakras causes a gravitational pull, affecting the trajectory of the throw. Throughout the scene, the number of season wins for the Green Bay Packers is displayed in the background. The quarterback's form is illuminated by the unique interplanetary lighting and the football arcs through the cosmic vista towards Venus, leaving a trail of sparkling stardust in its wake. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: The distance between Uranus and Venus and Season wins for the Green Bay Packers. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: A comic-book-style illustration with muted colors and a dotted halftone pattern from the 1960s An image that looks like it is a scene from 'Star Wars' Pop art A photo-realistic image Art nouveau
ChatGPT: An image that looks like it is a scene from 'Star Wars'

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both The distance between Uranus and Venus and Season wins for the Green Bay Packers, in the following situation: The gravitational pull was affecting the quarterback's throwing accuracy due to the alignment of their chakras.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: A Green Bay Packer quarterback, standing on Uranus, throws a football towards Venus, which is visible in the distance. As he releases the ball, the alignment of his chakras causes a gravitational pull, affecting the trajectory of the throw. Throughout the scene, the number of season wins for the Green Bay Packers is displayed in the background.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ An image that looks like it is a scene from 'Star Wars' ] and depicting this scene: A Green Bay Packer quarterback, standing on Uranus, throws a football towards Venus, which is visible in the distance. As he releases the ball, the alignment of his chakras causes a gravitational pull, affecting the trajectory of the throw. Throughout the scene, the number of season wins for the Green Bay Packers is displayed in the background. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: An image that looks like it is a scene from 'Star Wars': A Green Bay Packer quarterback, standing on Uranus, throws a football towards Venus, which is visible in the distance. As he releases the ball, the alignment of his chakras causes a gravitational pull, affecting the trajectory of the throw. Throughout the scene, the number of season wins for the Green Bay Packers is displayed in the background. The quarterback's form is illuminated by the unique interplanetary lighting and the football arcs through the cosmic vista towards Venus, leaving a trail of sparkling stardust in its wake.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humerus responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how changes in The distance between Uranus and Venus caused Season wins for the Green Bay Packers. Make it silly.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Out of This World: The Astrological Influence of Planetary Distances on Green Bay Packers' Season Wins

The Interstellar Journal of Sports Astrology

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Uranus and Venus and Season wins for the Green Bay Packers. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Make the title a clever pun.

Your research team used data from Caclculated using Astropy and Pro-Football-Reference.com to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.6038700 and p < 0.01 for 1975 to 2023.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
Out of This World: The Astrological Influence of Planetary Distances on Green Bay Packers' Season Wins

[[ABSTRACT]]
The impact of celestial bodies on earthly events has been a source of fascination and skepticism for centuries. This study boldly goes where no research has gone before by investigating the potential connection between the distance between Uranus and Venus and the season wins for the Green Bay Packers. Utilizing data from Astropy and Pro-Football-Reference.com, a team of researchers set out to explore this cosmic conundrum.

Our findings revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.6038700 and p < 0.01 when analyzing data from the years 1975 to 2023. This suggests a statistically significant relationship between the planetary distance and the football team's success. To put it in astronomical terms, the connection between Uranus and Venus may hold the key to understanding the unpredictable outcomes of the Packers' seasons.

On a lighter note, it appears that when it comes to the Green Bay Packers, "The sky's the limit," or should we say, "The solar system's the limit!"


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Uranus and Venus and Season wins for the Green Bay Packers. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Out of This World: The Astrological Influence of Planetary Distances on Green Bay Packers' Season Wins

[[ABSTRACT]]
The impact of celestial bodies on earthly events has been a source of fascination and skepticism for centuries. This study boldly goes where no research has gone before by investigating the potential connection between the distance between Uranus and Venus and the season wins for the Green Bay Packers. Utilizing data from Astropy and Pro-Football-Reference.com, a team of researchers set out to explore this cosmic conundrum.

Our findings revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.6038700 and p < 0.01 when analyzing data from the years 1975 to 2023. This suggests a statistically significant relationship between the planetary distance and the football team's success. To put it in astronomical terms, the connection between Uranus and Venus may hold the key to understanding the unpredictable outcomes of the Packers' seasons.

On a lighter note, it appears that when it comes to the Green Bay Packers, "The sky's the limit," or should we say, "The solar system's the limit!"

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

The study of astrology, football, and statistical analysis may seem like an unusual combination, akin to a quarterback, an astronomer, and a statistician walking into a bar. However, the interplay between celestial bodies and the success of professional sports teams has long been a topic of both curiosity and skepticism. Much like the gravitational pull of a planet, this research aimed to uncover whether the distance between Uranus and Venus exerts any influence on the season wins for the Green Bay Packers.

In the world of sports, where every yard matters, it's always beneficial to have a strategic approach. One might even say that evaluating planetary positions to predict a team's performance is a real "game-changer."

Astrology, an ancient practice based on the movement and positions of celestial bodies, has often been relegated to the realm of horoscopes and daily predictions. Yet, the allure of seeking patterns and connections in the universe has prompted this investigation into whether the cosmic dance of Uranus and Venus might hold some sway over the fortunes of a football team. It's as if the celestial bodies are signaling, "We planetary bodies are anything but star-struck admirers. We're here to make an impact – even on the gridiron."

The Green Bay Packers, a storied franchise with a rich history of success and tradition, served as the focal point of this study. Known for their dedicated fan base, the team's performances have been, pardon the pun, "stellar" at times. With a legacy as bright as a supernova, the Packers provided an intriguing subject for probing the potential astrological influence on their seasonal triumphs. One might even say they were the ideal test subjects for this astronomical inquiry, floating through the galaxy of professional football with a gravitational pull all their own.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Uranus and Venus and Season wins for the Green Bay Packers. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Perhaps you also got inspiration from some board games that are vaugely related.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Out of This World: The Astrological Influence of Planetary Distances on Green Bay Packers' Season Wins

[[ABSTRACT]]
The impact of celestial bodies on earthly events has been a source of fascination and skepticism for centuries. This study boldly goes where no research has gone before by investigating the potential connection between the distance between Uranus and Venus and the season wins for the Green Bay Packers. Utilizing data from Astropy and Pro-Football-Reference.com, a team of researchers set out to explore this cosmic conundrum.

Our findings revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.6038700 and p < 0.01 when analyzing data from the years 1975 to 2023. This suggests a statistically significant relationship between the planetary distance and the football team's success. To put it in astronomical terms, the connection between Uranus and Venus may hold the key to understanding the unpredictable outcomes of the Packers' seasons.

On a lighter note, it appears that when it comes to the Green Bay Packers, "The sky's the limit," or should we say, "The solar system's the limit!"

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The study of astrology, football, and statistical analysis may seem like an unusual combination, akin to a quarterback, an astronomer, and a statistician walking into a bar. However, the interplay between celestial bodies and the success of professional sports teams has long been a topic of both curiosity and skepticism. Much like the gravitational pull of a planet, this research aimed to uncover whether the distance between Uranus and Venus exerts any influence on the season wins for the Green Bay Packers.
In the world of sports, where every yard matters, it's always beneficial to have a strategic approach. One might even say that evaluating planetary positions to predict a team's performance is a real "game-changer."
Astrology, an ancient practice based on the movement and positions of celestial bodies, has often been relegated to the realm of horoscopes and daily predictions. Yet, the allure of seeking patterns and connections in the universe has prompted this investigation into whether the cosmic dance of Uranus and Venus might hold some sway over the fortunes of a football team. It's as if the celestial bodies are signaling, "We planetary bodies are anything but star-struck admirers. We're here to make an impact – even on the gridiron."
The Green Bay Packers, a storied franchise with a rich history of success and tradition, served as the focal point of this study. Known for their dedicated fan base, the team's performances have been, pardon the pun, "stellar" at times. With a legacy as bright as a supernova, the Packers provided an intriguing subject for probing the potential astrological influence on their seasonal triumphs. One might even say they were the ideal test subjects for this astronomical inquiry, floating through the galaxy of professional football with a gravitational pull all their own.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

Researchers have long sought to understand the influence of celestial bodies on earthly phenomena, with particular interest in their potential impact on athletic outcomes. Smith et al. (2010) explored the relationship between planetary positions and sports team performance, laying the foundation for subsequent studies in astro-sports analytics. Doe and Jones (2015) conducted a comprehensive analysis of astrological influences on professional football, providing valuable insights into the intersection of celestial mechanics and athletic achievement.

In "Cosmic Connections: The Interplay of Planetary Movements and Athletic Success," an unorthodox exploration, Lorem and Ipsum (2018) delved into the influence of planetary distances on the outcomes of professional sports competitions, paving the way for more unorthodox and zany research articles. This unconventional approach to sports analysis caused some professional tension between the writer and the statisticians in the office, with the chief analyst famously commenting "you're crossing the line into lunacy."

In a similar vein, "Star Power: A Study of Celestial Phenomena in Professional Athletics" by Quirky and Peculiar (2020) investigated the effect of planetary alignments on athletic performance, pushing the boundaries of empirical research and pun usage. And let's not forget "Astrological Athletics: A Cosmic Guide to Winning" by Zany Zodiac Zealots, a humorous yet insightful exploration of the significance of cosmic symbolism in sports.

Turning to fictional works which amusingly touch upon the subject, one cannot overlook "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" by Douglas Adams, a satirical space odyssey that hints at the possibility of astrological forces influencing human affairs, including perhaps, football victories. Furthermore, "The Martian" by Andy Weir offers a tongue-in-cheek portrayal of an astronaut stranded on Mars, but could it also hold hidden clues about the astrological factors at play in athletic competitions? Finally, the board game "Cosmic Encounter" playfully explores the interplanetary dynamics and strategic interactions between alien species, providing an alternate perspective on the potential influence of planetary distances on earthly events.

Returning to more academically inclined literature, one might be tempted to say that these studies “are out of this world!” But fear not, for we shall endeavor to critically evaluate the existing literature and probe further into the celestial connection between planetary distances and the remarkable victories of the Green Bay Packers.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Uranus and Venus and Season wins for the Green Bay Packers. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Caclculated using Astropy and Pro-Football-Reference.com . You used data from 1975 to 2023

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Out of This World: The Astrological Influence of Planetary Distances on Green Bay Packers' Season Wins

[[ABSTRACT]]
The impact of celestial bodies on earthly events has been a source of fascination and skepticism for centuries. This study boldly goes where no research has gone before by investigating the potential connection between the distance between Uranus and Venus and the season wins for the Green Bay Packers. Utilizing data from Astropy and Pro-Football-Reference.com, a team of researchers set out to explore this cosmic conundrum.

Our findings revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.6038700 and p < 0.01 when analyzing data from the years 1975 to 2023. This suggests a statistically significant relationship between the planetary distance and the football team's success. To put it in astronomical terms, the connection between Uranus and Venus may hold the key to understanding the unpredictable outcomes of the Packers' seasons.

On a lighter note, it appears that when it comes to the Green Bay Packers, "The sky's the limit," or should we say, "The solar system's the limit!"

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The study of astrology, football, and statistical analysis may seem like an unusual combination, akin to a quarterback, an astronomer, and a statistician walking into a bar. However, the interplay between celestial bodies and the success of professional sports teams has long been a topic of both curiosity and skepticism. Much like the gravitational pull of a planet, this research aimed to uncover whether the distance between Uranus and Venus exerts any influence on the season wins for the Green Bay Packers.
In the world of sports, where every yard matters, it's always beneficial to have a strategic approach. One might even say that evaluating planetary positions to predict a team's performance is a real "game-changer."
Astrology, an ancient practice based on the movement and positions of celestial bodies, has often been relegated to the realm of horoscopes and daily predictions. Yet, the allure of seeking patterns and connections in the universe has prompted this investigation into whether the cosmic dance of Uranus and Venus might hold some sway over the fortunes of a football team. It's as if the celestial bodies are signaling, "We planetary bodies are anything but star-struck admirers. We're here to make an impact – even on the gridiron."
The Green Bay Packers, a storied franchise with a rich history of success and tradition, served as the focal point of this study. Known for their dedicated fan base, the team's performances have been, pardon the pun, "stellar" at times. With a legacy as bright as a supernova, the Packers provided an intriguing subject for probing the potential astrological influence on their seasonal triumphs. One might even say they were the ideal test subjects for this astronomical inquiry, floating through the galaxy of professional football with a gravitational pull all their own.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

The methodology employed in this study involved gathering detailed information on the distance between Uranus and Venus and the season wins for the Green Bay Packers. The planetary distance data was sourced from Astropy, a robust library for astronomical calculations, ensuring accuracy and reliability in our measurements. As for the football-related data, Pro-Football-Reference.com served as a primary source, offering comprehensive statistics spanning the years 1975 to 2023.

To calculate the distance between Uranus and Venus, the researchers utilized sophisticated algorithms and ephemerides to determine the precise positions of these celestial bodies relative to the Earth. These calculations were then cross-referenced with historical records of the Green Bay Packers' performance during the corresponding football seasons. The alignment of these datasets, much like the alignment of planets in the solar system, allowed for a comprehensive analysis of potential correlations.

In the spirit of transparency, it is important to acknowledge the inherent complexity of this study. Accurately measuring and interpreting the celestial distances demands a level of precision akin to threading a celestial needle. This involved accounting for gravitational perturbations, planetary orbits, and the Earth's orbital motion, akin to untangling a cosmic web. Furthermore, the football data required meticulous validation and cleansing to ensure the integrity of our analysis. It's safe to say that navigating the celestial and terrestrial spheres presented its own set of astronomical challenges.

One might even say that quantifying the impact of celestial bodies on a football team's performance involves a level of statistical gymnastics not seen since the last time the Green Bay Packers faced a "bend but don't break" defense.

The statistical analysis was conducted using advanced regression models, taking into account the potential influence of confounding variables such as player performance, coaching strategies, and external factors. The examination of p-values and correlation coefficients, while not akin to the precision of a spacecraft's trajectory, provided valuable insights into the relationship between planetary positions and the outcomes of the Green Bay Packers' seasons.

In this cosmic pursuit of knowledge, the research team was committed to maintaining rigorous standards of scientific inquiry while navigating the often murky waters of astrological inquiry. Just as the ancient navigators used the stars to guide their voyages, this study sought to navigate the celestial expanse of Uranus and Venus to shed new light on the intersection of astrology and professional football.

One could almost say that conducting this research was like trying to predict the trajectory of a Hail Mary pass – a blend of precise calculations and a touch of cosmic luck.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Uranus and Venus and Season wins for the Green Bay Packers. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Caclculated using Astropy and Pro-Football-Reference.com .

For the time period 1975 to 2023, you found a correlation 0.6038700, r-squared of 0.3646590, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Out of This World: The Astrological Influence of Planetary Distances on Green Bay Packers' Season Wins

[[ABSTRACT]]
The impact of celestial bodies on earthly events has been a source of fascination and skepticism for centuries. This study boldly goes where no research has gone before by investigating the potential connection between the distance between Uranus and Venus and the season wins for the Green Bay Packers. Utilizing data from Astropy and Pro-Football-Reference.com, a team of researchers set out to explore this cosmic conundrum.

Our findings revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.6038700 and p < 0.01 when analyzing data from the years 1975 to 2023. This suggests a statistically significant relationship between the planetary distance and the football team's success. To put it in astronomical terms, the connection between Uranus and Venus may hold the key to understanding the unpredictable outcomes of the Packers' seasons.

On a lighter note, it appears that when it comes to the Green Bay Packers, "The sky's the limit," or should we say, "The solar system's the limit!"

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The study of astrology, football, and statistical analysis may seem like an unusual combination, akin to a quarterback, an astronomer, and a statistician walking into a bar. However, the interplay between celestial bodies and the success of professional sports teams has long been a topic of both curiosity and skepticism. Much like the gravitational pull of a planet, this research aimed to uncover whether the distance between Uranus and Venus exerts any influence on the season wins for the Green Bay Packers.
In the world of sports, where every yard matters, it's always beneficial to have a strategic approach. One might even say that evaluating planetary positions to predict a team's performance is a real "game-changer."
Astrology, an ancient practice based on the movement and positions of celestial bodies, has often been relegated to the realm of horoscopes and daily predictions. Yet, the allure of seeking patterns and connections in the universe has prompted this investigation into whether the cosmic dance of Uranus and Venus might hold some sway over the fortunes of a football team. It's as if the celestial bodies are signaling, "We planetary bodies are anything but star-struck admirers. We're here to make an impact – even on the gridiron."
The Green Bay Packers, a storied franchise with a rich history of success and tradition, served as the focal point of this study. Known for their dedicated fan base, the team's performances have been, pardon the pun, "stellar" at times. With a legacy as bright as a supernova, the Packers provided an intriguing subject for probing the potential astrological influence on their seasonal triumphs. One might even say they were the ideal test subjects for this astronomical inquiry, floating through the galaxy of professional football with a gravitational pull all their own.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The results of the analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation between the distance separating Uranus and Venus and the season wins for the Green Bay Packers. The correlation coefficient of 0.6038700 indicates a moderate positive relationship between these celestial distances and the football team's performance. This suggests that as the planetary distance between Uranus and Venus fluctuated, so too did the season wins for the Packers.

In the words of astrophysicists and football enthusiasts alike, this correlation might just be "out of this world." It seems that when it comes to the Packers' success, the planets may indeed align in their favor. Or perhaps we should say, "The stars are literally aligning for them!"

The r-squared value of 0.3646590 further confirms that approximately 36.47% of the variation in the season wins can be explained by the distance between Uranus and Venus. This demonstrates a noteworthy degree of predictability, albeit not reaching the level of a touchdown in statistical terms. One could say we've found a "strong-armed correlation" between planetary positions and football outcomes.

Moreover, the p-value of less than 0.01 obtained from the analysis indicates that the observed relationship between the planetary distance and the Packers' season wins is unlikely to be due to chance alone. This evidence strengthens the case for a genuine connection between these seemingly unrelated phenomena, as if to say, "The odds of this astrological-football correlation occurring by fluke? Well, they're about as slim as a solar eclipse."

The scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually illustrates the substantial correlation between the distance separating Uranus and Venus and the season wins for the Green Bay Packers. The points on the plot form a discernible pattern, resembling constellations aligning in the night sky. It's as if the planets themselves are orchestrating the team's victories from light-years away, making quite the "cosmic impact" on their performance.

Overall, our findings suggest that there is indeed a cosmic influence at play when it comes to the season wins of the Green Bay Packers. While skeptics may scoff at the notion of celestial bodies shaping earthly events, our data indicates that there may be more to a team's success than just skill, strategy, and good old-fashioned luck. In the cosmic dance of the universe, it appears that the Packers have found themselves an unlikely partner in Uranus and Venus. We leave it to future research to probe the depths of this celestial connection and uncover whether other sports teams are also being influenced by the cosmic ballet happening light-years away.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Uranus and Venus and Season wins for the Green Bay Packers. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Out of This World: The Astrological Influence of Planetary Distances on Green Bay Packers' Season Wins

[[ABSTRACT]]
The impact of celestial bodies on earthly events has been a source of fascination and skepticism for centuries. This study boldly goes where no research has gone before by investigating the potential connection between the distance between Uranus and Venus and the season wins for the Green Bay Packers. Utilizing data from Astropy and Pro-Football-Reference.com, a team of researchers set out to explore this cosmic conundrum.

Our findings revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.6038700 and p < 0.01 when analyzing data from the years 1975 to 2023. This suggests a statistically significant relationship between the planetary distance and the football team's success. To put it in astronomical terms, the connection between Uranus and Venus may hold the key to understanding the unpredictable outcomes of the Packers' seasons.

On a lighter note, it appears that when it comes to the Green Bay Packers, "The sky's the limit," or should we say, "The solar system's the limit!"

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
Researchers have long sought to understand the influence of celestial bodies on earthly phenomena, with particular interest in their potential impact on athletic outcomes. Smith et al. (2010) explored the relationship between planetary positions and sports team performance, laying the foundation for subsequent studies in astro-sports analytics. Doe and Jones (2015) conducted a comprehensive analysis of astrological influences on professional football, providing valuable insights into the intersection of celestial mechanics and athletic achievement.
In "Cosmic Connections: The Interplay of Planetary Movements and Athletic Success," an unorthodox exploration, Lorem and Ipsum (2018) delved into the influence of planetary distances on the outcomes of professional sports competitions, paving the way for more unorthodox and zany research articles. This unconventional approach to sports analysis caused some professional tension between the writer and the statisticians in the office, with the chief analyst famously commenting "you're crossing the line into lunacy."
In a similar vein, "Star Power: A Study of Celestial Phenomena in Professional Athletics" by Quirky and Peculiar (2020) investigated the effect of planetary alignments on athletic performance, pushing the boundaries of empirical research and pun usage. And let's not forget "Astrological Athletics: A Cosmic Guide to Winning" by Zany Zodiac Zealots, a humorous yet insightful exploration of the significance of cosmic symbolism in sports.
Turning to fictional works which amusingly touch upon the subject, one cannot overlook "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" by Douglas Adams, a satirical space odyssey that hints at the possibility of astrological forces influencing human affairs, including perhaps, football victories. Furthermore, "The Martian" by Andy Weir offers a tongue-in-cheek portrayal of an astronaut stranded on Mars, but could it also hold hidden clues about the astrological factors at play in athletic competitions? Finally, the board game "Cosmic Encounter" playfully explores the interplanetary dynamics and strategic interactions between alien species, providing an alternate perspective on the potential influence of planetary distances on earthly events.
Returning to more academically inclined literature, one might be tempted to say that these studies “are out of this world!” But fear not, for we shall endeavor to critically evaluate the existing literature and probe further into the celestial connection between planetary distances and the remarkable victories of the Green Bay Packers.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of the analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation between the distance separating Uranus and Venus and the season wins for the Green Bay Packers. The correlation coefficient of 0.6038700 indicates a moderate positive relationship between these celestial distances and the football team's performance. This suggests that as the planetary distance between Uranus and Venus fluctuated, so too did the season wins for the Packers.
In the words of astrophysicists and football enthusiasts alike, this correlation might just be "out of this world." It seems that when it comes to the Packers' success, the planets may indeed align in their favor. Or perhaps we should say, "The stars are literally aligning for them!"
The r-squared value of 0.3646590 further confirms that approximately 36.47% of the variation in the season wins can be explained by the distance between Uranus and Venus. This demonstrates a noteworthy degree of predictability, albeit not reaching the level of a touchdown in statistical terms. One could say we've found a "strong-armed correlation" between planetary positions and football outcomes.
Moreover, the p-value of less than 0.01 obtained from the analysis indicates that the observed relationship between the planetary distance and the Packers' season wins is unlikely to be due to chance alone. This evidence strengthens the case for a genuine connection between these seemingly unrelated phenomena, as if to say, "The odds of this astrological-football correlation occurring by fluke? Well, they're about as slim as a solar eclipse."
The scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually illustrates the substantial correlation between the distance separating Uranus and Venus and the season wins for the Green Bay Packers. The points on the plot form a discernible pattern, resembling constellations aligning in the night sky. It's as if the planets themselves are orchestrating the team's victories from light-years away, making quite the "cosmic impact" on their performance.
Overall, our findings suggest that there is indeed a cosmic influence at play when it comes to the season wins of the Green Bay Packers. While skeptics may scoff at the notion of celestial bodies shaping earthly events, our data indicates that there may be more to a team's success than just skill, strategy, and good old-fashioned luck. In the cosmic dance of the universe, it appears that the Packers have found themselves an unlikely partner in Uranus and Venus. We leave it to future research to probe the depths of this celestial connection and uncover whether other sports teams are also being influenced by the cosmic ballet happening light-years away.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The statistically significant correlation between the distance separating Uranus and Venus and the season wins for the Green Bay Packers, as indicated by our findings, lends support to prior research exploring the influence of celestial bodies on athletic outcomes. This alignment of our results with previous studies underscores the potential impact of planetary positions on sports team performance, affirming the validity of our unorthodox approach to astro-sports analytics. It seems that Lorem and Ipsum's (2018) unorthodox exploration into the influence of planetary distances on sports outcomes was not as "lunacy" as some may have perceived. On the contrary, their pioneering work has set the stage for our own investigation, shedding light on a previously overlooked cosmic factor in the realm of athletic achievement.

The moderate positive relationship between the distance between Uranus and Venus and the Green Bay Packers' season wins, as evidenced by the correlation coefficient of 0.6038700, strengthens the argument put forth by Smith et al. (2010) regarding the potential influence of planetary positions on sports team performance. One could say that our findings provide a cosmic "touchdown" in terms of validating the relevance of celestial mechanics to athletic achievement. It appears that the zany research articles and the humorous yet insightful exploration of the significance of cosmic symbolism in sports have indeed paved the way for a deeper understanding of the interplay between planetary distances and athletic success.

In a light-hearted vein, one may jest that the "stars have truly aligned" for the Green Bay Packers, as our analysis suggests a noteworthy degree of predictability in their season wins based on the distance between Uranus and Venus. While the metaphorical "constellations aligning in the night sky" may be an amusing quip, our scatterplot visually illustrates the substantial correlation between planetary distances and football outcomes, providing empirical evidence of a celestial influence on earthly events. As astrophysicists and football enthusiasts alike quip, the connection between Uranus and Venus may indeed hold the key to understanding the unpredictable outcomes of the Packers' seasons.

With a p-value of less than 0.01, our results dismiss the notion that the observed relationship between the distance separating Uranus and Venus and the Packers' season wins could be attributed to chance alone. This evidence reinforces the argument put forth by Quirky and Peculiar (2020) regarding the influence of planetary alignments on athletic performance, emphasizing the unlikelihood of the observed astrological-football correlation occurring by mere fluke. It seems that when it comes to the Packers' success, the planets may indeed be aligning in their favor, as if to say, "The odds of this astrological-football correlation occurring by fluke? Well, they're about as slim as a solar eclipse."

It is evident that the celestial dance of the universe extends its influence beyond astrophysical realms, shaping the outcomes of earthly events such as professional sports competitions. Just as Zany Zodiac Zealots humorously explore the cosmic symbolism in sports, our findings suggest that there may be more to a team's success than meets the eye. The cosmic ballet of the universe, with Uranus and Venus at the forefront, may indeed be orchestrating the victories of the Green Bay Packers from light-years away, making quite the "cosmic impact" on their performance. We leave it to future research to delve deeper into this celestial connection and explore whether other sports teams are also being influenced by the cosmic dance happening light-years away.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Uranus and Venus and Season wins for the Green Bay Packers. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Out of This World: The Astrological Influence of Planetary Distances on Green Bay Packers' Season Wins

[[ABSTRACT]]
The impact of celestial bodies on earthly events has been a source of fascination and skepticism for centuries. This study boldly goes where no research has gone before by investigating the potential connection between the distance between Uranus and Venus and the season wins for the Green Bay Packers. Utilizing data from Astropy and Pro-Football-Reference.com, a team of researchers set out to explore this cosmic conundrum.

Our findings revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.6038700 and p < 0.01 when analyzing data from the years 1975 to 2023. This suggests a statistically significant relationship between the planetary distance and the football team's success. To put it in astronomical terms, the connection between Uranus and Venus may hold the key to understanding the unpredictable outcomes of the Packers' seasons.

On a lighter note, it appears that when it comes to the Green Bay Packers, "The sky's the limit," or should we say, "The solar system's the limit!"

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The study of astrology, football, and statistical analysis may seem like an unusual combination, akin to a quarterback, an astronomer, and a statistician walking into a bar. However, the interplay between celestial bodies and the success of professional sports teams has long been a topic of both curiosity and skepticism. Much like the gravitational pull of a planet, this research aimed to uncover whether the distance between Uranus and Venus exerts any influence on the season wins for the Green Bay Packers.
In the world of sports, where every yard matters, it's always beneficial to have a strategic approach. One might even say that evaluating planetary positions to predict a team's performance is a real "game-changer."
Astrology, an ancient practice based on the movement and positions of celestial bodies, has often been relegated to the realm of horoscopes and daily predictions. Yet, the allure of seeking patterns and connections in the universe has prompted this investigation into whether the cosmic dance of Uranus and Venus might hold some sway over the fortunes of a football team. It's as if the celestial bodies are signaling, "We planetary bodies are anything but star-struck admirers. We're here to make an impact – even on the gridiron."
The Green Bay Packers, a storied franchise with a rich history of success and tradition, served as the focal point of this study. Known for their dedicated fan base, the team's performances have been, pardon the pun, "stellar" at times. With a legacy as bright as a supernova, the Packers provided an intriguing subject for probing the potential astrological influence on their seasonal triumphs. One might even say they were the ideal test subjects for this astronomical inquiry, floating through the galaxy of professional football with a gravitational pull all their own.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of the analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation between the distance separating Uranus and Venus and the season wins for the Green Bay Packers. The correlation coefficient of 0.6038700 indicates a moderate positive relationship between these celestial distances and the football team's performance. This suggests that as the planetary distance between Uranus and Venus fluctuated, so too did the season wins for the Packers.
In the words of astrophysicists and football enthusiasts alike, this correlation might just be "out of this world." It seems that when it comes to the Packers' success, the planets may indeed align in their favor. Or perhaps we should say, "The stars are literally aligning for them!"
The r-squared value of 0.3646590 further confirms that approximately 36.47% of the variation in the season wins can be explained by the distance between Uranus and Venus. This demonstrates a noteworthy degree of predictability, albeit not reaching the level of a touchdown in statistical terms. One could say we've found a "strong-armed correlation" between planetary positions and football outcomes.
Moreover, the p-value of less than 0.01 obtained from the analysis indicates that the observed relationship between the planetary distance and the Packers' season wins is unlikely to be due to chance alone. This evidence strengthens the case for a genuine connection between these seemingly unrelated phenomena, as if to say, "The odds of this astrological-football correlation occurring by fluke? Well, they're about as slim as a solar eclipse."
The scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually illustrates the substantial correlation between the distance separating Uranus and Venus and the season wins for the Green Bay Packers. The points on the plot form a discernible pattern, resembling constellations aligning in the night sky. It's as if the planets themselves are orchestrating the team's victories from light-years away, making quite the "cosmic impact" on their performance.
Overall, our findings suggest that there is indeed a cosmic influence at play when it comes to the season wins of the Green Bay Packers. While skeptics may scoff at the notion of celestial bodies shaping earthly events, our data indicates that there may be more to a team's success than just skill, strategy, and good old-fashioned luck. In the cosmic dance of the universe, it appears that the Packers have found themselves an unlikely partner in Uranus and Venus. We leave it to future research to probe the depths of this celestial connection and uncover whether other sports teams are also being influenced by the cosmic ballet happening light-years away.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our investigation into the potential influence of the distance between Uranus and Venus on the season wins for the Green Bay Packers has yielded compelling results. The statistically significant correlation coefficient of 0.6038700, accompanied by a p-value of less than 0.01, supports the notion that there is indeed a cosmic connection at play. It seems that when it comes to the Packers' performance, the planets are more than just "armchair quarterbacks;" they're active participants in the game.

This cosmic correlation presents a new dimension to our understanding of sports success. It's as if the Packers' victories have been written in the stars, or more accurately, in the movements of distant planets. One might even quip that the team's achievements are truly "out of this world," in a literal sense.

The findings from this study prompt a reconsideration of the factors that contribute to athletic triumphs. While traditional sports analysis often focuses on training, tactics, and teamwork, our research suggests that an unforeseen force from the cosmos may be at play. As we delve deeper into this celestial influence, it may become clear that the saying, "the stars have aligned," holds truer than we ever imagined. One might even jest that the Packers' victories are not merely a result of their athletic prowess, but also of their celestial endorsements.

In light of these results, it may be time for sports analysts to expand their playbook to include astrological factors. After all, it could be the case that success in sports is written in the heavenly bodies, as if to say, "It's not just about skill and strategy; it's also about the planets' game plan."

Ultimately, our research suggests that the cosmic dance of Uranus and Venus does have a tangible impact on the gridiron performances of the Green Bay Packers. The statistical evidence makes a compelling case for this astrological-football connection, leaving little room for celestial doubt. As for skeptics, well, it seems they may need to reassess their positions, perhaps even acknowledging that there's more to the universe's influence on Earth than initially thought.

In light of these findings, we assert that further research in this area is unwarranted. The connection between the distance separating Uranus and Venus and the season wins for the Green Bay Packers has been sufficiently explored, leaving no cosmic stone unturned.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Out of This World: The Astrological Influence of Planetary Distances on Green Bay Packers' Season Wins. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Interstellar Journal of Sports Astrology


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Out of This World: The Astrological Influence of Planetary Distances on Green Bay Packers' Season Wins. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Celestial Sports Analysis


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Out of This World: The Astrological Influence of Planetary Distances on Green Bay Packers' Season Wins with an abstract of The impact of celestial bodies on earthly events has been a source of fascination and skepticism for centuries. This study boldly goes where no research has gone before by investigating the potential connection between the distance between Uranus and Venus and the season wins for the Green Bay Packers. Utilizing data from Astropy and Pro-Football-Reference.com, a team of researchers set out to explore this cosmic conundrum.
Our findings revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.6038700 and p < 0.01 when analyzing data from the years 1975 to 2023. This suggests a statistically significant relationship between the planetary distance and the football team's success. To put it in astronomical terms, the connection between Uranus and Venus may hold the key to understanding the unpredictable outcomes of the Packers' seasons.
On a lighter note, it appears that when it comes to the Green Bay Packers, "The sky's the limit," or should we say, "The solar system's the limit!

ChatGPT:

Green Bay Packers, planetary distances, astrology, celestial bodies, correlation between planetary distances and sports success, Uranus and Venus correlation, football team success and astrology, NFL team fate and astrology

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

The distance between Uranus and Venus
Detailed data title: The average distance between Uranus and Venus as measured on the first day of each month
Source: Caclculated using Astropy
Additional Info: I wrote a Python script using Astropy to calculate the distance between the named planets on the first day of each month for every year.

See what else correlates with The distance between Uranus and Venus

Season wins for the Green Bay Packers
Detailed data title: Number of season wins by the Green Bay Packers
Source: Pro-Football-Reference.com
See what else correlates with Season wins for the Green Bay Packers

Correlation r = 0.6038700 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.3646590 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 36.5% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Season wins for the Green Bay Packers) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., The distance between Uranus and Venus) over the 49 years from 1975 through 2023.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 4.4E-6. 0.0000043550498422147190000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.6 in 0.00044% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 229,618 random variables You don't actually need 229 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 48 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 48 because we have two variables measured over a period of 49 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.39, 0.76 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
1975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023
The distance between Uranus and Venus (Planetary distance (AU))18.627618.442118.580218.730918.555518.875118.779818.827919.079418.882519.160419.16519.108419.418519.235319.431519.547919.404719.729619.599619.67819.887619.678819.955619.904319.846220.113119.883220.061320.110519.933820.214720.02120.067820.212919.953120.184220.06219.959620.163319.87220.003719.982119.759119.983219.725719.733519.811519.5088
Season wins for the Green Bay Packers (Packers wins)454855858884541064999111313118912121010481361110151181210107613131386




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
  4. Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
    Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([18.6276,18.4421,18.5802,18.7309,18.5555,18.8751,18.7798,18.8279,19.0794,18.8825,19.1604,19.165,19.1084,19.4185,19.2353,19.4315,19.5479,19.4047,19.7296,19.5996,19.678,19.8876,19.6788,19.9556,19.9043,19.8462,20.1131,19.8832,20.0613,20.1105,19.9338,20.2147,20.021,20.0678,20.2129,19.9531,20.1842,20.062,19.9596,20.1633,19.872,20.0037,19.9821,19.7591,19.9832,19.7257,19.7335,19.8115,19.5088,])
array_2 = np.array([4,5,4,8,5,5,8,5,8,8,8,4,5,4,10,6,4,9,9,9,11,13,13,11,8,9,12,12,10,10,4,8,13,6,11,10,15,11,8,12,10,10,7,6,13,13,13,8,6,])
array_1_name = "The distance between Uranus and Venus"
array_2_name = "Season wins for the Green Bay Packers"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

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Correlation ID: 2456 · Black Variable ID: 1972 · Red Variable ID: 19659
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