Spurious correlation #1,425 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air pollution in Baton Rouge and the second variable is Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel'. The chart goes from 2004 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air pollution in Baton Rouge and the second variable is Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel'. The chart goes from 2004 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

When the air was cleaner, those squirrels in Baton Rouge didn't have to go nuts trying to find food and shelter. With less pollution messing with their senses, the squirrels were feeling less air-ritated and were more likely to keep to themselves instead of launching surprise attacks. It's like they say, clean air makes for a more peace-fur coexistence.

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: [A scene from Skyrim] Imagine a Dragonborn walking through a gloomy city in Skyrim. The sky is filled with thick smog, and the people on the streets are coughing and struggling to breathe. As the Dragonborn passes by, the city dwellers are hunched over their phones, furiously searching for "attacked by a squirrel," their expressions filled with panic and confusion. The atmosphere is tense, with a sense of impending chaos and uncertainty. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Poor air quality in Baton Rouge and Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel'. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Surrealism A scene from Skyrim inspired by bauhaus Cute 2D animation Steampunk
ChatGPT: A scene from Skyrim

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Poor air quality in Baton Rouge and Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel' together. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In Baton Rouge, the sky is hazy with smog, and people are coughing as they walk down the street. Meanwhile, on their phones, many residents are seen frantically searching "attacked by a squirrel" on Google.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A scene from Skyrim ] and depicting this scene: In Baton Rouge, the sky is hazy with smog, and people are coughing as they walk down the street. Meanwhile, on their phones, many residents are seen frantically searching "attacked by a squirrel" on Google. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: [A scene from Skyrim] Imagine a Dragonborn walking through a gloomy city in Skyrim. The sky is filled with thick smog, and the people on the streets are coughing and struggling to breathe. As the Dragonborn passes by, the city dwellers are hunched over their phones, furiously searching for "attacked by a squirrel," their expressions filled with panic and confusion. The atmosphere is tense, with a sense of impending chaos and uncertainty.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how a decrease in Air pollution in Baton Rouge caused attacked by a squirrel (Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel') to decrease. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Squirrely Connections: Investigating the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Baton Rouge and Google Searches for 'Attacked by a Squirrel'

Journal of Ecological Neurology

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Baton Rouge and Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel'. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Perhaps you also got inspiration from some board games that are vaugely related.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Squirrely Connections: Investigating the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Baton Rouge and Google Searches for 'Attacked by a Squirrel'

[[ABSTRACT]]
The curious hobbies of squirrels and their uncanny knack for finding themselves in the center of urban legends and folklore have intrigued researchers for decades. This study delves into the unexpected correlation between air pollution levels in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and the frequency of Google searches for the peculiar query 'attacked by a squirrel.' Despite its seemingly whimsical premise, this research sheds light on the potential influence of environmental factors on human behavior and search habits.

Utilizing comprehensive data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, our analysis covers a span of two decades from 2004 to 2023. Our findings reveal a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8344851 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. The implications of this connection not only pique curiosity but also raise questions about the potential impact of environmental stressors on public perception and internet search patterns.

While one might be tempted to dismiss such an odd correlation as a quirky coincidence, these findings warrant further investigation into the intricate interplay between environmental conditions and human interactions with our furry woodland neighbors. This study represents a lighthearted yet thought-provoking exploration of the unexpected ways in which nature and human behavior intersect, challenging preconceived notions and prompting a reevaluation of the seemingly mundane.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
The symbiotic relationship between humans and the natural environment has been the subject of countless investigations, from the intricacies of ecological balance to the impact of environmental stressors on human behavior. Amidst the plethora of serious inquiries, the peculiar and quirky aspects of this relationship often go unnoticed. One such curious phenomenon is the seemingly inexplicable connection between air pollution levels in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and the frequency of Google searches for the rather unconventional query 'attacked by a squirrel.' While this may appear whimsical at first glance, the potential implications of this correlation are worthy of academic exploration.
The city of Baton Rouge, like many urban centers, grapples with issues of air quality, a topic that has garnered attention from environmental scientists, public health experts, and policymakers alike. Concurrently, a seemingly unrelated and lighthearted query on Google—"attacked by a squirrel"—captures the attention of an inquisitive populace, sparking curiosity and amusement. Our study seeks to bridge the gap between these disparate topics and uncover the underlying connection that belies the seemingly frivolous nature of the search query.
As we embark on this scholarly pursuit, it is essential to acknowledge the inherent whimsy and unexpected nature of our investigation. However, it is precisely within this uncharted territory that the potential for groundbreaking discoveries lies, hidden beneath the veneer of levity and amusement. By applying rigorous methodology and statistical analysis to the seemingly comical association between air pollution and peculiar Google searches, we hope to unravel the enigmatic threads of human-nature interactions that elude conventional explanation.
This study presents an opportunity to peel back the layers of scientific inquiry with a lighthearted twist, challenging traditional paradigms and prompting a reevaluation of the interfaces between environmental factors, human behavior, and the unfathomable caprice of squirrels. Through this exploration, we aim to not only elucidate the correlation at hand but also to encourage a broader appreciation for the subtle interplay between environmental stimuli and the idiosyncrasies of human responses. In doing so, we endeavor to kindle a renewed curiosity for the unconventional within the realm of academic investigation.
The following sections of this paper will delve into the research methodology, data analysis, and findings that bear testament to the validity of our hypothesis. While the topic at hand may raise eyebrows and invoke a chuckle, the implications of our discoveries merit a deeper consideration, promising to broaden the horizons of scientific exploration in unexpected and whimsical ways.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The connection between environmental factors and human behavior has long been a subject of scholarly inquiry, with numerous studies exploring the influence of air pollution on public health, cognitive function, and societal dynamics. Smith et al. (2015) investigated the impact of air pollution on urban communities and found compelling evidence for a range of adverse effects, including respiratory ailments and cognitive impairment. Similarly, Doe and Jones (2018) conducted a comprehensive review of the literature and highlighted the multifaceted implications of air quality on human well-being.

In "Air Pollution and Its Effects on Human Health," the authors delve into the intricate mechanisms through which air pollutants can detrimentally affect physiological processes, underscoring the urgent need for proactive environmental policies. However, amidst these weighty deliberations, the lighthearted query 'attacked by a squirrel' may appear incongruous with the gravity of air pollution research. Nonetheless, this seemingly whimsical correlation beckons our attention, inviting a departure from the customary seriousness of environmental studies.

The peculiar convergence of environmental conditions and human curiosity is reminiscent of the inextricable links between nature and human imagination, a theme echoed in non-fiction works such as Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring" and Bill Bryson's "A Walk in the Woods." While these seminal texts may not directly address the juxtaposition of air pollution and peculiar Google searches, they underscore the intricate relationships that underpin humankind's engagement with the natural world. Furthermore, fictional narratives such as "Watership Down" by Richard Adams and "The Squirrel Squire" by Montague Phillips offer playful yet profound reflections on the idiosyncrasies of animal behavior, stimulating contemplation on the enigmatic charm of woodland creatures.

Drawing inspiration from the unexpected interfacing of environmental variables and online search trends, one cannot help but be reminded of the serendipitous encounters and unpredictable outcomes in the realm of board games such as "Betrayal at House on the Hill" and "Squirrel War!" The whimsicality of these titles mirrors the unanticipated convergence of air pollution in Baton Rouge and the queried encounters with squirrels, prompting an examination of the delightful and capricious intricacies of human-nature interactions.

As we navigate this uncharted territory of inquiry, we are compelled to approach this correlation with open-minded curiosity, embracing the complexities of human behavior and the delightful unpredictability of nature. Our investigation represents a departure from the conventional, inviting intellectual merriment and captivating the imagination in our pursuit of understanding the unassuming yet captivating connection between air pollution in Baton Rouge and the cosmically curious phenomenon of 'attacked by a squirrel' Google searches.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Baton Rouge and Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel'. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends . You used data from 2004 to 2023

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Squirrely Connections: Investigating the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Baton Rouge and Google Searches for 'Attacked by a Squirrel'

[[ABSTRACT]]
The curious hobbies of squirrels and their uncanny knack for finding themselves in the center of urban legends and folklore have intrigued researchers for decades. This study delves into the unexpected correlation between air pollution levels in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and the frequency of Google searches for the peculiar query 'attacked by a squirrel.' Despite its seemingly whimsical premise, this research sheds light on the potential influence of environmental factors on human behavior and search habits.

Utilizing comprehensive data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, our analysis covers a span of two decades from 2004 to 2023. Our findings reveal a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8344851 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. The implications of this connection not only pique curiosity but also raise questions about the potential impact of environmental stressors on public perception and internet search patterns.

While one might be tempted to dismiss such an odd correlation as a quirky coincidence, these findings warrant further investigation into the intricate interplay between environmental conditions and human interactions with our furry woodland neighbors. This study represents a lighthearted yet thought-provoking exploration of the unexpected ways in which nature and human behavior intersect, challenging preconceived notions and prompting a reevaluation of the seemingly mundane.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
The symbiotic relationship between humans and the natural environment has been the subject of countless investigations, from the intricacies of ecological balance to the impact of environmental stressors on human behavior. Amidst the plethora of serious inquiries, the peculiar and quirky aspects of this relationship often go unnoticed. One such curious phenomenon is the seemingly inexplicable connection between air pollution levels in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and the frequency of Google searches for the rather unconventional query 'attacked by a squirrel.' While this may appear whimsical at first glance, the potential implications of this correlation are worthy of academic exploration.
The city of Baton Rouge, like many urban centers, grapples with issues of air quality, a topic that has garnered attention from environmental scientists, public health experts, and policymakers alike. Concurrently, a seemingly unrelated and lighthearted query on Google—"attacked by a squirrel"—captures the attention of an inquisitive populace, sparking curiosity and amusement. Our study seeks to bridge the gap between these disparate topics and uncover the underlying connection that belies the seemingly frivolous nature of the search query.
As we embark on this scholarly pursuit, it is essential to acknowledge the inherent whimsy and unexpected nature of our investigation. However, it is precisely within this uncharted territory that the potential for groundbreaking discoveries lies, hidden beneath the veneer of levity and amusement. By applying rigorous methodology and statistical analysis to the seemingly comical association between air pollution and peculiar Google searches, we hope to unravel the enigmatic threads of human-nature interactions that elude conventional explanation.
This study presents an opportunity to peel back the layers of scientific inquiry with a lighthearted twist, challenging traditional paradigms and prompting a reevaluation of the interfaces between environmental factors, human behavior, and the unfathomable caprice of squirrels. Through this exploration, we aim to not only elucidate the correlation at hand but also to encourage a broader appreciation for the subtle interplay between environmental stimuli and the idiosyncrasies of human responses. In doing so, we endeavor to kindle a renewed curiosity for the unconventional within the realm of academic investigation.
The following sections of this paper will delve into the research methodology, data analysis, and findings that bear testament to the validity of our hypothesis. While the topic at hand may raise eyebrows and invoke a chuckle, the implications of our discoveries merit a deeper consideration, promising to broaden the horizons of scientific exploration in unexpected and whimsical ways.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

In order to investigate the purported connection between air pollution in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and the frequency of Google searches for the query 'attacked by a squirrel,' our research team employed a multifaceted approach that combined elements of environmental data analysis, behavioral psychology, and perhaps just a touch of whimsy.

Data Collection:
To commence our analysis, we meticulously gathered air quality data from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) spanning the years 2004 to 2023. This comprehensive dataset provided precise measurements of various air pollutants, including particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and ozone, among others. In parallel, we accessed Google Trends to obtain search volume indices for the aforementioned query, employing the same temporal scope to ensure comprehensive coverage of search trends over time.

Normalization and Aggregation:
Given the disparate nature of the collected data, a rigorous process of normalization and aggregation was undertaken to establish a harmonized framework for subsequent analysis. Air pollution levels were standardized using established environmental quality indices, while search volume indices underwent a comparable normalization process to facilitate meaningful comparison and correlation assessment.

Correlation Analysis:
Central to our investigation was the endeavor to discern any discernible relationship between air pollution levels and the frequency of 'attacked by a squirrel' searches. Employing mathematical and statistical techniques, we computed correlation coefficients and associated p-values to ascertain the strength and significance of any potential associations between these seemingly incongruous variables.

Factorial Regression Modeling:
Building upon the initial correlation analysis, we employed factorial regression modeling to discern the potential influence of individual pollutants on the observed search frequency patterns. By factoring in the distinct contributions of various air pollutants, this approach allowed for the identification of specific environmental stressors that might exert a notable impact on search behavior pertaining to squirrel-related queries.

Temporal Analysis:
Recognizing the temporal dimension inherent to both air quality dynamics and internet search patterns, our methodology encompassed a nuanced temporal analysis to capture potential lag effects and temporal dependencies. This facet of our investigation sought to illuminate any temporal patterns or delays in the translation of environmental stressors into corresponding shifts in search behavior, adding a layer of complexity to our understanding of the purported connection.

Robustness Checks:
To bolster the robustness of our findings and guard against spurious correlations, sensitivity analyses and robustness checks were conscientiously conducted. These supplementary analyses served to scrutinize the stability of observed relationships under varying conditions and methodological considerations, ensuring the reliability and validity of our results.

It's worth noting that our methodology, while firmly rooted in rigorous scientific principles, also embraced the inherent curiosity and unpredictability of the topic at hand. By marrying robust statistical techniques with a dash of whimsy, our approach reflects the unique blend of levity and scholarly rigor that characterizes our examination of this unconventional research question.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Baton Rouge and Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel'. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends .

For the time period 2004 to 2023, you found a correlation 0.8344851, r-squared of 0.6963654, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Squirrely Connections: Investigating the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Baton Rouge and Google Searches for 'Attacked by a Squirrel'

[[ABSTRACT]]
The curious hobbies of squirrels and their uncanny knack for finding themselves in the center of urban legends and folklore have intrigued researchers for decades. This study delves into the unexpected correlation between air pollution levels in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and the frequency of Google searches for the peculiar query 'attacked by a squirrel.' Despite its seemingly whimsical premise, this research sheds light on the potential influence of environmental factors on human behavior and search habits.

Utilizing comprehensive data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, our analysis covers a span of two decades from 2004 to 2023. Our findings reveal a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8344851 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. The implications of this connection not only pique curiosity but also raise questions about the potential impact of environmental stressors on public perception and internet search patterns.

While one might be tempted to dismiss such an odd correlation as a quirky coincidence, these findings warrant further investigation into the intricate interplay between environmental conditions and human interactions with our furry woodland neighbors. This study represents a lighthearted yet thought-provoking exploration of the unexpected ways in which nature and human behavior intersect, challenging preconceived notions and prompting a reevaluation of the seemingly mundane.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
INTRODUCTION
The symbiotic relationship between humans and the natural environment has been the subject of countless investigations, from the intricacies of ecological balance to the impact of environmental stressors on human behavior. Amidst the plethora of serious inquiries, the peculiar and quirky aspects of this relationship often go unnoticed. One such curious phenomenon is the seemingly inexplicable connection between air pollution levels in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and the frequency of Google searches for the rather unconventional query 'attacked by a squirrel.' While this may appear whimsical at first glance, the potential implications of this correlation are worthy of academic exploration.
The city of Baton Rouge, like many urban centers, grapples with issues of air quality, a topic that has garnered attention from environmental scientists, public health experts, and policymakers alike. Concurrently, a seemingly unrelated and lighthearted query on Google—"attacked by a squirrel"—captures the attention of an inquisitive populace, sparking curiosity and amusement. Our study seeks to bridge the gap between these disparate topics and uncover the underlying connection that belies the seemingly frivolous nature of the search query.
As we embark on this scholarly pursuit, it is essential to acknowledge the inherent whimsy and unexpected nature of our investigation. However, it is precisely within this uncharted territory that the potential for groundbreaking discoveries lies, hidden beneath the veneer of levity and amusement. By applying rigorous methodology and statistical analysis to the seemingly comical association between air pollution and peculiar Google searches, we hope to unravel the enigmatic threads of human-nature interactions that elude conventional explanation.
This study presents an opportunity to peel back the layers of scientific inquiry with a lighthearted twist, challenging traditional paradigms and prompting a reevaluation of the interfaces between environmental factors, human behavior, and the unfathomable caprice of squirrels. Through this exploration, we aim to not only elucidate the correlation at hand but also to encourage a broader appreciation for the subtle interplay between environmental stimuli and the idiosyncrasies of human responses. In doing so, we endeavor to kindle a renewed curiosity for the unconventional within the realm of academic investigation.
The following sections of this paper will delve into the research methodology, data analysis, and findings that bear testament to the validity of our hypothesis. While the topic at hand may raise eyebrows and invoke a chuckle, the implications of our discoveries merit a deeper consideration, promising to broaden the horizons of scientific exploration in unexpected and whimsical ways.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

Correlation Analysis
The relationship between air pollution levels in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel' was scrutinized utilizing rigorous statistical methods. Our analysis revealed a robust correlation coefficient of 0.8344851, indicating a strong positive association between these seemingly disparate variables. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.6963654 underscores the substantial proportion of variability in the frequency of Google searches that can be explained by variations in air pollution levels. The calculated p-value of less than 0.01 signified the statistical significance of this correlation, bolstering the validity of our findings. While these numerical measures may appear initially dry and unassuming, they illuminate the remarkably poignant relationship between environmental factors and human curiosity regarding squirrel-related incidents.

Figure 1
The visual representation of our findings, depicted in Figure 1, further elucidates the compelling correlation observed between air pollution levels in Baton Rouge and Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel'. The scatterplot graphically portrays the positively sloped trendline, encapsulating the essence of our discovery with eloquent simplicity. While the figure itself may not feature technicolor depictions of frolicking squirrels or plumes of industrial emissions, its understated elegance conveys the undeniable harmony between air quality and public curiosity regarding squirrel encounters.

These results, while unexpectedly whimsical on the surface, spark contemplation and encourage a reevaluation of the interplay between human behavior, environmental influences, and the enigmatic allure of squirrel-related phenomena. Despite the initial skepticism that might surround such an unconventional association, our findings beckon further exploration and trigger a renaissance of curiosity in unraveling the idiosyncrasies of human-nature dynamics.

The statistical robustness of the observed correlation underscores the potential influence of environmental stressors on the collective psyche, offering a compelling narrative that transcends the confines of traditional scientific inquiry. As we continue to dissect and contemplate the implications of this unexpected relationship, the insights gleaned from this study have the power to captivate inquisitive minds and inspire innovative avenues of exploration at the intersection of ecology, human behavior, and the capricious whimsy of squirrels.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Baton Rouge and Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel'. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Squirrely Connections: Investigating the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Baton Rouge and Google Searches for 'Attacked by a Squirrel'

[[ABSTRACT]]
The curious hobbies of squirrels and their uncanny knack for finding themselves in the center of urban legends and folklore have intrigued researchers for decades. This study delves into the unexpected correlation between air pollution levels in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and the frequency of Google searches for the peculiar query 'attacked by a squirrel.' Despite its seemingly whimsical premise, this research sheds light on the potential influence of environmental factors on human behavior and search habits.

Utilizing comprehensive data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, our analysis covers a span of two decades from 2004 to 2023. Our findings reveal a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8344851 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. The implications of this connection not only pique curiosity but also raise questions about the potential impact of environmental stressors on public perception and internet search patterns.

While one might be tempted to dismiss such an odd correlation as a quirky coincidence, these findings warrant further investigation into the intricate interplay between environmental conditions and human interactions with our furry woodland neighbors. This study represents a lighthearted yet thought-provoking exploration of the unexpected ways in which nature and human behavior intersect, challenging preconceived notions and prompting a reevaluation of the seemingly mundane.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The connection between environmental factors and human behavior has long been a subject of scholarly inquiry, with numerous studies exploring the influence of air pollution on public health, cognitive function, and societal dynamics. Smith et al. (2015) investigated the impact of air pollution on urban communities and found compelling evidence for a range of adverse effects, including respiratory ailments and cognitive impairment. Similarly, Doe and Jones (2018) conducted a comprehensive review of the literature and highlighted the multifaceted implications of air quality on human well-being.
In "Air Pollution and Its Effects on Human Health," the authors delve into the intricate mechanisms through which air pollutants can detrimentally affect physiological processes, underscoring the urgent need for proactive environmental policies. However, amidst these weighty deliberations, the lighthearted query 'attacked by a squirrel' may appear incongruous with the gravity of air pollution research. Nonetheless, this seemingly whimsical correlation beckons our attention, inviting a departure from the customary seriousness of environmental studies.
The peculiar convergence of environmental conditions and human curiosity is reminiscent of the inextricable links between nature and human imagination, a theme echoed in non-fiction works such as Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring" and Bill Bryson's "A Walk in the Woods." While these seminal texts may not directly address the juxtaposition of air pollution and peculiar Google searches, they underscore the intricate relationships that underpin humankind's engagement with the natural world. Furthermore, fictional narratives such as "Watership Down" by Richard Adams and "The Squirrel Squire" by Montague Phillips offer playful yet profound reflections on the idiosyncrasies of animal behavior, stimulating contemplation on the enigmatic charm of woodland creatures.
Drawing inspiration from the unexpected interfacing of environmental variables and online search trends, one cannot help but be reminded of the serendipitous encounters and unpredictable outcomes in the realm of board games such as "Betrayal at House on the Hill" and "Squirrel War!" The whimsicality of these titles mirrors the unanticipated convergence of air pollution in Baton Rouge and the queried encounters with squirrels, prompting an examination of the delightful and capricious intricacies of human-nature interactions.
As we navigate this uncharted territory of inquiry, we are compelled to approach this correlation with open-minded curiosity, embracing the complexities of human behavior and the delightful unpredictability of nature. Our investigation represents a departure from the conventional, inviting intellectual merriment and captivating the imagination in our pursuit of understanding the unassuming yet captivating connection between air pollution in Baton Rouge and the cosmically curious phenomenon of 'attacked by a squirrel' Google searches.

[[RESULTS]]
Correlation Analysis
The relationship between air pollution levels in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel' was scrutinized utilizing rigorous statistical methods. Our analysis revealed a robust correlation coefficient of 0.8344851, indicating a strong positive association between these seemingly disparate variables. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.6963654 underscores the substantial proportion of variability in the frequency of Google searches that can be explained by variations in air pollution levels. The calculated p-value of less than 0.01 signified the statistical significance of this correlation, bolstering the validity of our findings. While these numerical measures may appear initially dry and unassuming, they illuminate the remarkably poignant relationship between environmental factors and human curiosity regarding squirrel-related incidents.
Figure 1
The visual representation of our findings, depicted in Figure 1, further elucidates the compelling correlation observed between air pollution levels in Baton Rouge and Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel'. The scatterplot graphically portrays the positively sloped trendline, encapsulating the essence of our discovery with eloquent simplicity. While the figure itself may not feature technicolor depictions of frolicking squirrels or plumes of industrial emissions, its understated elegance conveys the undeniable harmony between air quality and public curiosity regarding squirrel encounters.
These results, while unexpectedly whimsical on the surface, spark contemplation and encourage a reevaluation of the interplay between human behavior, environmental influences, and the enigmatic allure of squirrel-related phenomena. Despite the initial skepticism that might surround such an unconventional association, our findings beckon further exploration and trigger a renaissance of curiosity in unraveling the idiosyncrasies of human-nature dynamics.
The statistical robustness of the observed correlation underscores the potential influence of environmental stressors on the collective psyche, offering a compelling narrative that transcends the confines of traditional scientific inquiry. As we continue to dissect and contemplate the implications of this unexpected relationship, the insights gleaned from this study have the power to captivate inquisitive minds and inspire innovative avenues of exploration at the intersection of ecology, human behavior, and the capricious whimsy of squirrels.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The remarkable correlation between air pollution levels in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and the frequency of Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel' presents a whimsical yet thought-provoking avenue for scholarly discourse. Our findings not only validate the unexpected connection posited in our literature review but also underscore the intricate interplay between environmental variables and human curiosity.

While the seemingly incongruous juxtaposition of air pollution and squirrel-related queries may initially elicit bemused skepticism, our results unequivocally support the premise that environmental stressors can influence online search patterns. The statistically significant correlation coefficient of 0.8344851 and the substantial r-squared value of 0.6963654 lend robust support to the notion that heightened air pollution levels coincide with an increased proclivity for individuals to seek information about squirrel-related encounters. This revelation not only prompts contemplation but also accentuates the profound impact of environmental conditions on human behavior and cognition.

Building upon the curious elements alluded to in our literature review, particularly the unexpected interfacing of environmental variables and online search trends reminiscent of serendipitous encounters in board games, our study extends the scope of inquiry to encompass the capricious intricacies of human-nature interactions. The visualization of our results in Figure 1, featuring an eloquently understated scatterplot, effectively encapsulates the essence of our discovery, portraying the undeniable harmony between air quality and public curiosity regarding squirrel encounters. In doing so, our study adds a touch of whimsy to the traditional realm of academic inquiry, challenging conventional paradigms and galvanizing a renaissance of curiosity.

The implications of this research extend beyond the realms of environmental science and informatics, offering a fresh perspective on the enigmatic charm of woodland creatures and the unexpected ways in which nature influences human behavior. As we navigate this uncharted terrain of inquiry, the present study signifies an invitation to embrace intellectual merriment and contemplate the delightful unpredictability of nature in shaping human interactions. It is a reminder that even the most unexpected correlations can unveil profound insights and evoke a sense of wonder, compelling us to reevaluate the seemingly mundane with an open-minded sense of curiosity.

Intriguingly, the findings presented here underscore the potential for lighthearted yet significant discoveries to emerge from seemingly whimsical research questions. As we conclude this discussion, it becomes evident that the rapport between humans, environmental stressors, and the antics of squirrels embodies a complex and multifaceted narrative that captivates the human imagination and prompts a reevaluation of the interconnections that underpin our interactions with the natural world. We are left to ponder, with a lighthearted sense of intellectual whimsy, the enthralling amalgamation of environmental variables, online search trends, and the cosmic allure of squirrel-related phenomena.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Baton Rouge and Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel'. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Squirrely Connections: Investigating the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Baton Rouge and Google Searches for 'Attacked by a Squirrel'

[[ABSTRACT]]
The curious hobbies of squirrels and their uncanny knack for finding themselves in the center of urban legends and folklore have intrigued researchers for decades. This study delves into the unexpected correlation between air pollution levels in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and the frequency of Google searches for the peculiar query 'attacked by a squirrel.' Despite its seemingly whimsical premise, this research sheds light on the potential influence of environmental factors on human behavior and search habits.

Utilizing comprehensive data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, our analysis covers a span of two decades from 2004 to 2023. Our findings reveal a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8344851 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. The implications of this connection not only pique curiosity but also raise questions about the potential impact of environmental stressors on public perception and internet search patterns.

While one might be tempted to dismiss such an odd correlation as a quirky coincidence, these findings warrant further investigation into the intricate interplay between environmental conditions and human interactions with our furry woodland neighbors. This study represents a lighthearted yet thought-provoking exploration of the unexpected ways in which nature and human behavior intersect, challenging preconceived notions and prompting a reevaluation of the seemingly mundane.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
The symbiotic relationship between humans and the natural environment has been the subject of countless investigations, from the intricacies of ecological balance to the impact of environmental stressors on human behavior. Amidst the plethora of serious inquiries, the peculiar and quirky aspects of this relationship often go unnoticed. One such curious phenomenon is the seemingly inexplicable connection between air pollution levels in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and the frequency of Google searches for the rather unconventional query 'attacked by a squirrel.' While this may appear whimsical at first glance, the potential implications of this correlation are worthy of academic exploration.
The city of Baton Rouge, like many urban centers, grapples with issues of air quality, a topic that has garnered attention from environmental scientists, public health experts, and policymakers alike. Concurrently, a seemingly unrelated and lighthearted query on Google—"attacked by a squirrel"—captures the attention of an inquisitive populace, sparking curiosity and amusement. Our study seeks to bridge the gap between these disparate topics and uncover the underlying connection that belies the seemingly frivolous nature of the search query.
As we embark on this scholarly pursuit, it is essential to acknowledge the inherent whimsy and unexpected nature of our investigation. However, it is precisely within this uncharted territory that the potential for groundbreaking discoveries lies, hidden beneath the veneer of levity and amusement. By applying rigorous methodology and statistical analysis to the seemingly comical association between air pollution and peculiar Google searches, we hope to unravel the enigmatic threads of human-nature interactions that elude conventional explanation.
This study presents an opportunity to peel back the layers of scientific inquiry with a lighthearted twist, challenging traditional paradigms and prompting a reevaluation of the interfaces between environmental factors, human behavior, and the unfathomable caprice of squirrels. Through this exploration, we aim to not only elucidate the correlation at hand but also to encourage a broader appreciation for the subtle interplay between environmental stimuli and the idiosyncrasies of human responses. In doing so, we endeavor to kindle a renewed curiosity for the unconventional within the realm of academic investigation.
The following sections of this paper will delve into the research methodology, data analysis, and findings that bear testament to the validity of our hypothesis. While the topic at hand may raise eyebrows and invoke a chuckle, the implications of our discoveries merit a deeper consideration, promising to broaden the horizons of scientific exploration in unexpected and whimsical ways.

[[RESULTS]]
Correlation Analysis
The relationship between air pollution levels in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel' was scrutinized utilizing rigorous statistical methods. Our analysis revealed a robust correlation coefficient of 0.8344851, indicating a strong positive association between these seemingly disparate variables. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.6963654 underscores the substantial proportion of variability in the frequency of Google searches that can be explained by variations in air pollution levels. The calculated p-value of less than 0.01 signified the statistical significance of this correlation, bolstering the validity of our findings. While these numerical measures may appear initially dry and unassuming, they illuminate the remarkably poignant relationship between environmental factors and human curiosity regarding squirrel-related incidents.
Figure 1
The visual representation of our findings, depicted in Figure 1, further elucidates the compelling correlation observed between air pollution levels in Baton Rouge and Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel'. The scatterplot graphically portrays the positively sloped trendline, encapsulating the essence of our discovery with eloquent simplicity. While the figure itself may not feature technicolor depictions of frolicking squirrels or plumes of industrial emissions, its understated elegance conveys the undeniable harmony between air quality and public curiosity regarding squirrel encounters.
These results, while unexpectedly whimsical on the surface, spark contemplation and encourage a reevaluation of the interplay between human behavior, environmental influences, and the enigmatic allure of squirrel-related phenomena. Despite the initial skepticism that might surround such an unconventional association, our findings beckon further exploration and trigger a renaissance of curiosity in unraveling the idiosyncrasies of human-nature dynamics.
The statistical robustness of the observed correlation underscores the potential influence of environmental stressors on the collective psyche, offering a compelling narrative that transcends the confines of traditional scientific inquiry. As we continue to dissect and contemplate the implications of this unexpected relationship, the insights gleaned from this study have the power to captivate inquisitive minds and inspire innovative avenues of exploration at the intersection of ecology, human behavior, and the capricious whimsy of squirrels.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our investigation into the correlation between air pollution levels in Baton Rouge and Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel' has yielded remarkably compelling findings. The robust correlation coefficient, statistical significance, and cogent visual representation showcased the unexpected rapport between environmental factors and public curiosity regarding squirrel-related encounters. While the whimsical nature of this association may initially evoke a lighthearted chuckle, the depth of its implications beckons a reevaluation of human-nature interactions and the capricious allure of odd search queries.

The interplay between environmental stressors and the collective inquisitiveness about squirrel-related incidents captures the imagination, prompting a renewed introspection into the intertwined realms of ecology and human behavior. It is remarkable how the seemingly audacious inquiry into squirrel encounters has unraveled a compelling narrative that transcends traditional scientific boundaries, urging us to reconsider the idiosyncrasies of human responses to environmental stimuli. Our findings indeed paint a consoling picture, assuring us that even in the face of environmental challenges, there is still scope for lighthearted curiosity and unexpected connections.

However, it is essential to acknowledge the limitations of our study. While our analysis provides intriguing insights, it does not elucidate the causative mechanisms underlying this correlation. Moreover, the study is bounded by the specificity of our chosen location and search query, rendering generalizability a subject for further exploration. Nevertheless, these limitations open the door for future research endeavors, inviting curious minds to embark on the endeavor of unraveling the whimsically complex web of human-nature dynamics.

In light of our findings, we assert that no further research is needed in this area. Instead, we encourage future studies to explore similarly quirky correlations, as they not only entertain but also prod the boundaries of scientific exploration, uncovering unexpected connections that add a dash of whimsy to the otherwise serious pursuit of knowledge.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Squirrely Connections: Investigating the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Baton Rouge and Google Searches for 'Attacked by a Squirrel'. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

Journal of Ecological Neurology

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Squirrely Connections: Investigating the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Baton Rouge and Google Searches for 'Attacked by a Squirrel'. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Association for Environmental and Zoological Research (AEZR)

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Squirrely Connections: Investigating the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Baton Rouge and Google Searches for 'Attacked by a Squirrel' with an abstract of The curious hobbies of squirrels and their uncanny knack for finding themselves in the center of urban legends and folklore have intrigued researchers for decades. This study delves into the unexpected correlation between air pollution levels in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and the frequency of Google searches for the peculiar query 'attacked by a squirrel.' Despite its seemingly whimsical premise, this research sheds light on the potential influence of environmental factors on human behavior and search habits.
Utilizing comprehensive data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, our analysis covers a span of two decades from 2004 to 2023. Our findings reveal a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8344851 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. The implications of this connection not only pique curiosity but also raise questions about the potential impact of environmental stressors on public perception and internet search patterns.
While one might be tempted to dismiss such an odd correlation as a quirky coincidence, these findings warrant further investigation into the intricate interplay between environmental conditions and human interactions with our furry woodland neighbors. This study represents a lighthearted yet thought-provoking exploration of the unexpected ways in which nature and human behavior intersect, challenging preconceived notions and prompting a reevaluation of the seemingly mundane.

ChatGPT:

air pollution, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Google searches, 'attacked by a squirrel', environmental factors, human behavior, environmental stressors, urban legends, folklore, squirrel behavior, environmental conditions, Google Trends, correlation coefficient

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Air pollution in Baton Rouge
Detailed data title: Percentage of days 'unhealthy' or worse air quality in Baton Rouge, LA
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air pollution in Baton Rouge

Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel'
Detailed data title: Relative volume of Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel' (Worldwide, without quotes)
Source: Google Trends
Additional Info: ^{See full details} Relative search volume (not absolute numbers)

See what else correlates with Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel'

Correlation r = 0.8344851 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.6963654 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 69.6% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel') is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Air pollution in Baton Rouge) over the 20 years from 2004 through 2023.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 4.8E-6.^Show 0.0000047749912982178895000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.83 in 0.00048% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 209,424 random variables^Note You don't actually need 209 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 19 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 19 because we have two variables measured over a period of 20 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.62, 0.93 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Air pollution in Baton Rouge (Bad air quality days)	2.73224	5.47945	4.65753	2.73973	0.273224	1.64384	0.821918	1.64384	0.819672	0.547945	0.273973	0.547945	0	0	0.273973	0	0	0.273973	0.273973	0.364964
Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel' (Rel. search volume)	12.25	12	11.75	2.41667	0	3.33333	4.75	2.5	4.33333	3.91667	2	0.916667	2.58333	0.75	0.416667	1.16667	1.41667	3.58333	4.16667	2.8

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([2.73224,5.47945,4.65753,2.73973,0.273224,1.64384,0.821918,1.64384,0.819672,0.547945,0.273973,0.547945,0,0,0.273973,0,0,0.273973,0.273973,0.364964,])
array_2 = np.array([12.25,12,11.75,2.41667,0,3.33333,4.75,2.5,4.33333,3.91667,2,0.916667,2.58333,0.75,0.416667,1.16667,1.41667,3.58333,4.16667,2.8,])
array_1_name = "Air pollution in Baton Rouge"
array_2_name = "Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel'"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Air pollution in Baton Rouge
Line chart for only Google searches for 'attacked by a squirrel'
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Squirrely Connections: Investigating the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Baton Rouge and Google Searches for 'Attacked by a Squirrel'

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Correlation ID: 1425 · Black Variable ID: 20329 · Red Variable ID: 1354


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