Spurious correlation #1,033 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The distance between Neptune and the Sun and the second variable is NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget. The chart goes from 1975 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The distance between Neptune and the Sun and the second variable is NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget. The chart goes from 1975 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As Neptune moved closer, it got too close for comfort, creating gravitational budget cuts at NASA. The astronomical expenses simply couldn't be kept afloat, sinking their funding to new depths. It seems even in space, the budget has no limit - it's truly out of this world!

^{Show image generation prompt}

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image of a surreal scene where a colossal representation of the planet Neptune is encircled by mesmerizing cosmic energy. Connected to the planet is a rope, signifying its immense gravitational force, extending towards a towering stack of money bags labeled "NASA budget". As the planet neared a radiant sun, the rope grew taut, causing the money bags to diminish in size, symbolizing the dwindling NASA budget due to Neptune's gravitational pull. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the situation described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here is a situation: Neptune's gravitational pull creates a cosmic financial vortex that shrinks NASA's budget as it gets closer to the Sun.. Given that situation, which of the following image descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand and the tone of the explanation. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Whimsical illustration Data cyber art Vaporwave Cyberpunk Surrealism
ChatGPT: Surrealism

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated and the explanation described. Do not reference graphs or charts; describe physical objects.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that depicts the following situation. Keep the description simple. Neptune's gravitational pull creates a cosmic financial vortex that shrinks NASA's budget as it gets closer to the Sun.
ChatGPT: Imagine a large planet, representing Neptune, surrounded by swirling cosmic energy. Attached to the planet is a rope, symbolizing its gravitational pull, reaching towards a stack of money bags labeled "NASA budget." As the planet moves closer to a bright sun, the rope pulls tighter, causing the money bags to shrink in size, conveying the shrinking NASA budget due to Neptune's gravitational pull.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Surrealism ] and depicting this scene: Imagine a large planet, representing Neptune, surrounded by swirling cosmic energy. Attached to the planet is a rope, symbolizing its gravitational pull, reaching towards a stack of money bags labeled "NASA budget." As the planet moves closer to a bright sun, the rope pulls tighter, causing the money bags to shrink in size, conveying the shrinking NASA budget due to Neptune's gravitational pull. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image of a surreal scene where a colossal representation of the planet Neptune is encircled by mesmerizing cosmic energy. Connected to the planet is a rope, signifying its immense gravitational force, extending towards a towering stack of money bags labeled "NASA budget". As the planet neared a radiant sun, the rope grew taut, causing the money bags to diminish in size, symbolizing the dwindling NASA budget due to Neptune's gravitational pull.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how a decrease in The distance between Neptune and the Sun caused NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget to decrease. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Astrodollars: Exploring the Celestial and Fiscal Orbits - The Relationship Between Neptune's Distance from the Sun and NASA's Budget as a Percentage of the US Federal Budget

The Interstellar Economist

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then you might move on to cartoons and children's shows that you watched for research.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Astrodollars: Exploring the Celestial and Fiscal Orbits - The Relationship Between Neptune's Distance from the Sun and NASA's Budget as a Percentage of the US Federal Budget"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The correlation between galactic phenomena and fiscal policies has long been a subject of intrigue. In this study, we investigated the intriguing relationship between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and the allocation of NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget. Despite having astronomical implications, it's a topic that's pretty down to Earth... or should I say, out of this world?

Using data sourced from Astropy and Planetary.org, we evaluated the correlation between Neptune's distance from the Sun and NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget from 1975 to 2023. Our research yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.8951744 and p < 0.01, providing compelling evidence for a significant relationship between these celestial and economic variables. It's almost as if Neptune's distance is pulling on NASA's budget, but instead of tides, it's fiscal decisions!

Our findings shed light on the cosmic forces influencing budgetary decisions, highlighting the astronomical implications of earthly matters. By exploring such celestial and fiscal orbits, we hope to encourage further exploration at the intersection of space and finance, paving the way for astrodollar enthusiasts to boldly go where no economist has gone before. After all, when it comes to these celestial economics, the sky's the limit - or should I say, the solar system is the limit?

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The intersection of outer space and fiscal policy may seem like an unlikely pairing, but the correlation between celestial phenomena and economic factors has intrigued researchers for decades. In this study, we delve into the intriguing relationship between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and the allocation of NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget. It's as if Neptune's gravitational pull reaches all the way to Capitol Hill - talk about a political superplanet!
As our understanding of the cosmos expands, so does our curiosity about how celestial events may influence earthly affairs. The connection between Neptune's distance from the Sun and NASA's budget as a percentage of the US Federal Budget is an avenue worth exploring, both for theoretical knowledge and potential practical implications. It's like the universe is asking us to show it the money – or in this case, show NASA the astrodollars!
Drawing on data obtained from Astropy, Planetary.org, and the Office of Management and Budget, we embarked on a rigorous analysis to unveil the potential link between these seemingly disparate variables. Our investigation spanned the years from 1975 to 2023, allowing us to capture and scrutinize the historical patterns of these celestial and fiscal phenomena. It's like we're charting a course through the financial cosmos – who knew economics could be so otherworldly?
The correlation coefficient of 0.8951744 and a p-value less than 0.01 obtained from our analysis suggest a robust and statistically significant relationship between Neptune's distance from the Sun and NASA's budget as a percentage of the US Federal Budget. To put it simply, there's more to this cosmic dance than meets the eye – it's like a cosmic ballet, but with budgetary decimals twirling around.
This study offers a fresh perspective on the interconnectedness of astronomical and economic forces, extending the frontiers of knowledge into the realms of astrodollars and interplanetary finance. By shedding light on the celestial influences permeating budgetary decisions, we hope to propel further research at the captivating intersection of space and finance. Who knew that planets and pocketbooks could be so cosmically entwined?

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

Smith et al. (2015) explored the relationship between planetary distances and governmental budget allocations, laying the foundation for subsequent studies in celestial economics. Their work illuminated the intriguing dynamics of celestial bodies influencing fiscal decisions, opening the door to a cosmic realm of economic analysis. It's like they were the astronomers of budgetary decision-making, peering through the telescope of fiscal policy to observe the gravitational pull of celestial objects.

Doe and Jones (2018) extended this research by investigating the specific correlation between Neptune's distance from the Sun and NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget. Their findings supported the notion of a significant association between these variables, painting a celestial tapestry woven with threads of fiscal significance. It's like they were financial astrologers, deciphering the cosmic alignment of budgetary stars.

In "The Economic Impact of Space Exploration" by Stellar and Galaxy (2019), the authors discuss the broader economic implications of space exploration and its connection to governmental budgetary decisions. While not directly focused on Neptune's orbit, this work provides valuable insights into the intersection of celestial phenomena and fiscal policies, offering a cosmic perspective on financial matters. It's like they were exploring the fiscal black holes and supernova-sized budgets of space exploration.

Turning to non-fiction literature, "The Overview Effect: Space Exploration and Human Evolution" by White (2014) delves into the psychological and philosophical impacts of space exploration on human consciousness. While not directly related to budgetary allocation, the book offers a cosmic mindset that could inspire fiscal stewardship reaching for the stars. It's like the astronauts have a budget for their cosmic enlightenment, and they're reaching for the fiscal moon.

On the fictional side, "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" by Adams (1979) presents a whimsical exploration of space travel and interstellar adventures. While primarily a work of science fiction, the book's imaginative narrative invites readers to ponder the cosmic vastness and perhaps consider the budget implications of intergalactic voyages. It's like they're playing with astrodollars in an economic version of space chess - fiscal gravity keeping the budget pieces in line.

And let's not forget the educational value of children's cartoons and shows. "The Magic School Bus" episode on the solar system provides an accessible introduction to planetary distances and cosmic wonders, sparking curiosity in young minds about the astronomical mysteries of the universe. Perhaps these budding astrodollar enthusiasts will one day chart their fiscal trajectories among the stars. It's like they're teaching future economic astronauts the value of astrodollars at an early age - talk about financial rocket fuel!

These diverse sources collectively exemplify the multifaceted exploration of the relationship between celestial phenomena and fiscal policies, affirming the relevance of our study in understanding the celestial and fiscal orbits. It's as if the cosmos itself is whispering financial secrets to those willing to listen, revealing the astrodollars hidden among the stars.

So there you have it, a literature review that boldly goes where no academic research paper has gone before - into the quirky depths of celestial economics and budgetary galaxies.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Caclculated using Astropy and Planetary.org . You used data from 1975 to 2023

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Astrodollars: Exploring the Celestial and Fiscal Orbits - The Relationship Between Neptune's Distance from the Sun and NASA's Budget as a Percentage of the US Federal Budget"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The correlation between galactic phenomena and fiscal policies has long been a subject of intrigue. In this study, we investigated the intriguing relationship between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and the allocation of NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget. Despite having astronomical implications, it's a topic that's pretty down to Earth... or should I say, out of this world?

Using data sourced from Astropy and Planetary.org, we evaluated the correlation between Neptune's distance from the Sun and NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget from 1975 to 2023. Our research yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.8951744 and p < 0.01, providing compelling evidence for a significant relationship between these celestial and economic variables. It's almost as if Neptune's distance is pulling on NASA's budget, but instead of tides, it's fiscal decisions!

Our findings shed light on the cosmic forces influencing budgetary decisions, highlighting the astronomical implications of earthly matters. By exploring such celestial and fiscal orbits, we hope to encourage further exploration at the intersection of space and finance, paving the way for astrodollar enthusiasts to boldly go where no economist has gone before. After all, when it comes to these celestial economics, the sky's the limit - or should I say, the solar system is the limit?

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The intersection of outer space and fiscal policy may seem like an unlikely pairing, but the correlation between celestial phenomena and economic factors has intrigued researchers for decades. In this study, we delve into the intriguing relationship between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and the allocation of NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget. It's as if Neptune's gravitational pull reaches all the way to Capitol Hill - talk about a political superplanet!
As our understanding of the cosmos expands, so does our curiosity about how celestial events may influence earthly affairs. The connection between Neptune's distance from the Sun and NASA's budget as a percentage of the US Federal Budget is an avenue worth exploring, both for theoretical knowledge and potential practical implications. It's like the universe is asking us to show it the money – or in this case, show NASA the astrodollars!
Drawing on data obtained from Astropy, Planetary.org, and the Office of Management and Budget, we embarked on a rigorous analysis to unveil the potential link between these seemingly disparate variables. Our investigation spanned the years from 1975 to 2023, allowing us to capture and scrutinize the historical patterns of these celestial and fiscal phenomena. It's like we're charting a course through the financial cosmos – who knew economics could be so otherworldly?
The correlation coefficient of 0.8951744 and a p-value less than 0.01 obtained from our analysis suggest a robust and statistically significant relationship between Neptune's distance from the Sun and NASA's budget as a percentage of the US Federal Budget. To put it simply, there's more to this cosmic dance than meets the eye – it's like a cosmic ballet, but with budgetary decimals twirling around.
This study offers a fresh perspective on the interconnectedness of astronomical and economic forces, extending the frontiers of knowledge into the realms of astrodollars and interplanetary finance. By shedding light on the celestial influences permeating budgetary decisions, we hope to propel further research at the captivating intersection of space and finance. Who knew that planets and pocketbooks could be so cosmically entwined?

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To unravel the celestial and fiscal enigma at hand, we utilized a multifaceted approach, drawing on a hybrid of astronomical and economic methodologies. Our team assembled a cross-disciplinary crew comprising astrophysicists, economists, and, of course, astrologers – because when it comes to studying the correlation between Neptune's distance from the Sun and NASA's budget, you need all the stars (and planets) aligning in your favor!

We commenced our odyssey by sourcing data from reputable astronomical repositories, primarily utilizing the Astropy library and Planetary.org. We pored over a cosmic timeline spanning from 1975 to 2023, capturing the transit of Neptune's celestial odyssey and NASA's budgetary trajectory. It's like playing a game of celestial connect-the-dots, but with fiscal implications!

Our data collection process involved extracting information on Neptune's distance from the Sun at different points in time, as well as NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget. We called this technique "astroeconomic curve-fitting" – a method that truly brings a whole new meaning to the phrase "reaching for the stars."

After assembling this stellar dataset, we employed an array of statistical tools to tease out the potential relationship between these cosmic and economic variables. From simple linear regressions to more complex time series analyses, we aimed to uncover patterns that could illuminate the celestial and fiscal dance occurring across the cosmic stage. It's like being a financial astronomer, observing the economic constellations!

In addition to statistical analyses, we conducted in-depth interviews with astronautical experts, stargazers, and financial policymakers to gain qualitative insights into the potential impact of celestial events on budgetary decisions. These interviews revealed fascinating perspectives, including one astrologer's suggestion to "expect turbulence in the stock market when Mercury is in retrograde" – a cosmic nod to the intersection of astrology and economics!

To ensure the robustness of our findings, we implemented rigorous sensitivity analyses, scrutinizing the potential influence of other celestial bodies and economic factors on our observed relationship. Because when it comes to celestial economics, we can't afford to leave any astronomical stone unturned – pun completely intended!

Overall, our methodological concoction blended the art of astronomy with the science of economics, presenting a cosmic cocktail that aims to shed light on the mysterious interplay between celestial distances and budgetary destinies. It's like mixing stardust with dollar signs – an unexpected fusion that promises to reveal the cosmic secrets of economic orbits.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Astrodollars: Exploring the Celestial and Fiscal Orbits - The Relationship Between Neptune's Distance from the Sun and NASA's Budget as a Percentage of the US Federal Budget"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The correlation between galactic phenomena and fiscal policies has long been a subject of intrigue. In this study, we investigated the intriguing relationship between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and the allocation of NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget. Despite having astronomical implications, it's a topic that's pretty down to Earth... or should I say, out of this world?

Using data sourced from Astropy and Planetary.org, we evaluated the correlation between Neptune's distance from the Sun and NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget from 1975 to 2023. Our research yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.8951744 and p < 0.01, providing compelling evidence for a significant relationship between these celestial and economic variables. It's almost as if Neptune's distance is pulling on NASA's budget, but instead of tides, it's fiscal decisions!

Our findings shed light on the cosmic forces influencing budgetary decisions, highlighting the astronomical implications of earthly matters. By exploring such celestial and fiscal orbits, we hope to encourage further exploration at the intersection of space and finance, paving the way for astrodollar enthusiasts to boldly go where no economist has gone before. After all, when it comes to these celestial economics, the sky's the limit - or should I say, the solar system is the limit?

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
Smith et al. (2015) explored the relationship between planetary distances and governmental budget allocations, laying the foundation for subsequent studies in celestial economics. Their work illuminated the intriguing dynamics of celestial bodies influencing fiscal decisions, opening the door to a cosmic realm of economic analysis. It's like they were the astronomers of budgetary decision-making, peering through the telescope of fiscal policy to observe the gravitational pull of celestial objects.
Doe and Jones (2018) extended this research by investigating the specific correlation between Neptune's distance from the Sun and NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget. Their findings supported the notion of a significant association between these variables, painting a celestial tapestry woven with threads of fiscal significance. It's like they were financial astrologers, deciphering the cosmic alignment of budgetary stars.
In "The Economic Impact of Space Exploration" by Stellar and Galaxy (2019), the authors discuss the broader economic implications of space exploration and its connection to governmental budgetary decisions. While not directly focused on Neptune's orbit, this work provides valuable insights into the intersection of celestial phenomena and fiscal policies, offering a cosmic perspective on financial matters. It's like they were exploring the fiscal black holes and supernova-sized budgets of space exploration.
Turning to non-fiction literature, "The Overview Effect: Space Exploration and Human Evolution" by White (2014) delves into the psychological and philosophical impacts of space exploration on human consciousness. While not directly related to budgetary allocation, the book offers a cosmic mindset that could inspire fiscal stewardship reaching for the stars. It's like the astronauts have a budget for their cosmic enlightenment, and they're reaching for the fiscal moon.
On the fictional side, "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" by Adams (1979) presents a whimsical exploration of space travel and interstellar adventures. While primarily a work of science fiction, the book's imaginative narrative invites readers to ponder the cosmic vastness and perhaps consider the budget implications of intergalactic voyages. It's like they're playing with astrodollars in an economic version of space chess - fiscal gravity keeping the budget pieces in line.
And let's not forget the educational value of children's cartoons and shows. "The Magic School Bus" episode on the solar system provides an accessible introduction to planetary distances and cosmic wonders, sparking curiosity in young minds about the astronomical mysteries of the universe. Perhaps these budding astrodollar enthusiasts will one day chart their fiscal trajectories among the stars. It's like they're teaching future economic astronauts the value of astrodollars at an early age - talk about financial rocket fuel!
These diverse sources collectively exemplify the multifaceted exploration of the relationship between celestial phenomena and fiscal policies, affirming the relevance of our study in understanding the celestial and fiscal orbits. It's as if the cosmos itself is whispering financial secrets to those willing to listen, revealing the astrodollars hidden among the stars.
So there you have it, a literature review that boldly goes where no academic research paper has gone before - into the quirky depths of celestial economics and budgetary galaxies.

[[RESULTS]]
The correlation analysis between Neptune's distance from the Sun and NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget revealed a strong positive relationship. With a correlation coefficient of 0.8951744 and an r-squared value of 0.8013372, our findings provided compelling evidence for the significant link between these celestial and economic variables. It's almost as if Neptune's distance is gravitationally tugging at NASA's budget, though instead of orbiting planets, it's orbiting financial resources!
Our scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually encapsulates this striking relationship, depicting a clear trend of NASA's budget allocation as a percentage of the US Federal Budget increasing alongside Neptune's distance from the Sun. It's like discovering a budgetary solar system, with NASA's funding taking a cosmic journey that echoes the celestial dance of the planets.
In simpler terms, our results suggest that as Neptune vacates its position relative to the Sun, NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget experiences a corresponding expansion. It's like Neptune is the heavyweight champion of the solar system, throwing its economic weight around to influence NASA's funding.
Overall, our research has unveiled an unexpected celestial force exerting influence on earthly fiscal decisions, igniting a newfound appreciation for the cosmic ties that bind our budgetary allocations to the depths of outer space. It's as if the universe is saying, "Hey, keep an eye on those astrodollars – they may hold more cosmic secrets than you think."

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The findings of our study offer compelling support for the prior research conducted by Smith et al. (2015) and Doe and Jones (2018), who paved the way for our exploration of the celestial and fiscal orbits. It's as if Neptune's distance from the Sun is truly leaving an astronomical imprint on NASA's budget, much like a financial solar eclipse – talk about casting a shadow on budgetary decisions! The significant correlation coefficient we uncovered echoes the gravitational pull that celestial bodies exert on one another, revealing an unexpected dance of astrodollars in the cosmos.

Our results align with the cosmic tapestry of fiscal significance woven by Doe and Jones (2018), painting a picture of celestial phenomena shaping budgetary decisions, almost as though the planets themselves are lobbying for budget increases with their celestial pull. It's as if Neptune, the distant ice giant, is sending a message to NASA, saying, "I may be far, but my fiscal influence is not to be underestimated." The cosmic forces at play seem to echo the galactic whispers captured in prior research, affirming the profound impact of celestial dynamics on earthly financial matters.

The correlation we observed between Neptune's distance from the Sun and NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget elucidates the cosmic influence on fiscal decisions, akin to a celestial budgetary bazaar where the planets haggle for budgetary attention. It's as if Neptune's distance is akin to a planetary budgetary influencer, quietly but inexorably nudging NASA's funding allocation from its distant orbit. Our research offers a revelation of the celestial strings that seem to tug at the financial decisions made here on Earth.

In summary, our findings not only corroborate prior studies on the interplay of celestial phenomena and fiscal policies but also shed light on the overlooked celestial forces affecting budget allocations. It's almost as if the cosmic ballet of budgetary influence is being choreographed by the movements of the planets, with Neptune taking center stage in this fiscal cosmic dance. This underscores the profound interconnectedness of seemingly disparate realms – the ethereal cosmos and the down-to-earth financial decisions that shape our economic landscape.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Astrodollars: Exploring the Celestial and Fiscal Orbits - The Relationship Between Neptune's Distance from the Sun and NASA's Budget as a Percentage of the US Federal Budget"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The correlation between galactic phenomena and fiscal policies has long been a subject of intrigue. In this study, we investigated the intriguing relationship between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and the allocation of NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget. Despite having astronomical implications, it's a topic that's pretty down to Earth... or should I say, out of this world?

Using data sourced from Astropy and Planetary.org, we evaluated the correlation between Neptune's distance from the Sun and NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget from 1975 to 2023. Our research yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.8951744 and p < 0.01, providing compelling evidence for a significant relationship between these celestial and economic variables. It's almost as if Neptune's distance is pulling on NASA's budget, but instead of tides, it's fiscal decisions!

Our findings shed light on the cosmic forces influencing budgetary decisions, highlighting the astronomical implications of earthly matters. By exploring such celestial and fiscal orbits, we hope to encourage further exploration at the intersection of space and finance, paving the way for astrodollar enthusiasts to boldly go where no economist has gone before. After all, when it comes to these celestial economics, the sky's the limit - or should I say, the solar system is the limit?

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The intersection of outer space and fiscal policy may seem like an unlikely pairing, but the correlation between celestial phenomena and economic factors has intrigued researchers for decades. In this study, we delve into the intriguing relationship between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and the allocation of NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget. It's as if Neptune's gravitational pull reaches all the way to Capitol Hill - talk about a political superplanet!
As our understanding of the cosmos expands, so does our curiosity about how celestial events may influence earthly affairs. The connection between Neptune's distance from the Sun and NASA's budget as a percentage of the US Federal Budget is an avenue worth exploring, both for theoretical knowledge and potential practical implications. It's like the universe is asking us to show it the money – or in this case, show NASA the astrodollars!
Drawing on data obtained from Astropy, Planetary.org, and the Office of Management and Budget, we embarked on a rigorous analysis to unveil the potential link between these seemingly disparate variables. Our investigation spanned the years from 1975 to 2023, allowing us to capture and scrutinize the historical patterns of these celestial and fiscal phenomena. It's like we're charting a course through the financial cosmos – who knew economics could be so otherworldly?
The correlation coefficient of 0.8951744 and a p-value less than 0.01 obtained from our analysis suggest a robust and statistically significant relationship between Neptune's distance from the Sun and NASA's budget as a percentage of the US Federal Budget. To put it simply, there's more to this cosmic dance than meets the eye – it's like a cosmic ballet, but with budgetary decimals twirling around.
This study offers a fresh perspective on the interconnectedness of astronomical and economic forces, extending the frontiers of knowledge into the realms of astrodollars and interplanetary finance. By shedding light on the celestial influences permeating budgetary decisions, we hope to propel further research at the captivating intersection of space and finance. Who knew that planets and pocketbooks could be so cosmically entwined?

[[RESULTS]]
The correlation analysis between Neptune's distance from the Sun and NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget revealed a strong positive relationship. With a correlation coefficient of 0.8951744 and an r-squared value of 0.8013372, our findings provided compelling evidence for the significant link between these celestial and economic variables. It's almost as if Neptune's distance is gravitationally tugging at NASA's budget, though instead of orbiting planets, it's orbiting financial resources!
Our scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually encapsulates this striking relationship, depicting a clear trend of NASA's budget allocation as a percentage of the US Federal Budget increasing alongside Neptune's distance from the Sun. It's like discovering a budgetary solar system, with NASA's funding taking a cosmic journey that echoes the celestial dance of the planets.
In simpler terms, our results suggest that as Neptune vacates its position relative to the Sun, NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget experiences a corresponding expansion. It's like Neptune is the heavyweight champion of the solar system, throwing its economic weight around to influence NASA's funding.
Overall, our research has unveiled an unexpected celestial force exerting influence on earthly fiscal decisions, igniting a newfound appreciation for the cosmic ties that bind our budgetary allocations to the depths of outer space. It's as if the universe is saying, "Hey, keep an eye on those astrodollars – they may hold more cosmic secrets than you think."

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Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our investigation into the relationship between Neptune's distance from the Sun and NASA's budget as a percentage of the US Federal Budget has uncovered a cosmic correlation that is truly out of this world. Our findings reveal a strong and statistically significant link, with a correlation coefficient that's as strong as the gravitational pull of Jupiter... and that's no small feat! It's almost as if Neptune's distance is acting as a fiscal influencer, orbiting around the budgetary decisions and tugging at NASA's funding like a celestial puppeteer. Talk about a space odyssey of financial proportions!

The visual representation of our results in the scatterplot vividly illustrates the cosmic alignment between Neptune's distance and NASA's budget allocation, painting a picture of budgetary expansion that echoes the grandeur of the cosmos. It's like witnessing a celestial ballet, where Neptune's position in the solar system choreographs a symphony of fiscal proportions. Who knew that the dance of the planets could extend all the way to the halls of fiscal policy?

Therefore, we assert that further research in this area is not necessary. We have truly reached the final frontier of astrodollars and interplanetary finance. Or should I say, the buck stops here – and so does the astrodollar!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Astrodollars: Exploring the Celestial and Fiscal Orbits - The Relationship Between Neptune's Distance from the Sun and NASA's Budget as a Percentage of the US Federal Budget. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Interstellar Economist

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Astrodollars: Exploring the Celestial and Fiscal Orbits - The Relationship Between Neptune's Distance from the Sun and NASA's Budget as a Percentage of the US Federal Budget. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

Lunar Economics Institute

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Astrodollars: Exploring the Celestial and Fiscal Orbits - The Relationship Between Neptune's Distance from the Sun and NASA's Budget as a Percentage of the US Federal Budget with an abstract of The correlation between galactic phenomena and fiscal policies has long been a subject of intrigue. In this study, we investigated the intriguing relationship between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and the allocation of NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget. Despite having astronomical implications, it's a topic that's pretty down to Earth... or should I say, out of this world?
Using data sourced from Astropy and Planetary.org, we evaluated the correlation between Neptune's distance from the Sun and NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget from 1975 to 2023. Our research yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.8951744 and p < 0.01, providing compelling evidence for a significant relationship between these celestial and economic variables. It's almost as if Neptune's distance is pulling on NASA's budget, but instead of tides, it's fiscal decisions!
Our findings shed light on the cosmic forces influencing budgetary decisions, highlighting the astronomical implications of earthly matters. By exploring such celestial and fiscal orbits, we hope to encourage further exploration at the intersection of space and finance, paving the way for astrodollar enthusiasts to boldly go where no economist has gone before. After all, when it comes to these celestial economics, the sky's the limit - or should I say, the solar system is the limit?

ChatGPT:

Neptune distance from sun, NASA budget, US federal budget, correlation, astronomical implications, fiscal policies, galactic phenomena, Astropy, Planetary.org, celestial economics, astrodollars, space economy, fiscal decisions, economic variables, galactic forces, celestial orbits, intersection of space and finance, astrodollar enthusiasts

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

The distance between Neptune and the Sun
Detailed data title: The average distance between Neptune and the Sun as measured on the first day of each month
Source: Caclculated using Astropy
Additional Info: ^{See full details} I wrote a Python script using Astropy to calculate the distance between the named planets on the first day of each month for every year.

See what else correlates with The distance between Neptune and the Sun

NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget
Source: Planetary.org
See what else correlates with NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget

Correlation r = 0.8951744 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.8013372 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 80.1% of the change in the one variable (i.e., NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., The distance between Neptune and the Sun) over the 49 years from 1975 through 2023.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 4.1E-18.^Show 0.0000000000000000041232430280
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.9 in 4.1E-16% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 242,527,542,812,594,048 random variables^Note You don't actually need 242 quadrillion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 48 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 48 because we have two variables measured over a period of 49 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.82, 0.94 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	1975	1976	1977	1978	1979	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
The distance between Neptune and the Sun (Planetary distance (AU))	30.3007	30.2949	30.2898	30.2857	30.2823	30.2793	30.2763	30.2725	30.2676	30.2613	30.2535	30.2445	30.2347	30.2248	30.2152	30.2064	30.1985	30.1912	30.1844	30.1774	30.1698	30.161	30.1509	30.1396	30.1273	30.1147	30.1024	30.0908	30.0803	30.071	30.0627	30.055	30.0473	30.0391	30.0301	30.02	30.0091	29.9976	29.9861	29.9751	29.9652	29.9565	29.9491	29.9427	29.9369	29.931	29.9246	29.9174	29.9091
NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget (Percent of Federal Budget)	0.98	0.99	0.98	0.91	0.87	0.84	0.82	0.83	0.85	0.83	0.77	0.75	0.76	0.85	0.96	0.99	1.05	1.01	1.01	0.94	0.88	0.89	0.9	0.86	0.8	0.75	0.76	0.72	0.68	0.66	0.63	0.57	0.58	0.6	0.54	0.55	0.49	0.49	0.49	0.49	0.5	0.49	0.47	0.48	0.48	0.35	0.33	0.41	0.44

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. ^Note Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([30.3007,30.2949,30.2898,30.2857,30.2823,30.2793,30.2763,30.2725,30.2676,30.2613,30.2535,30.2445,30.2347,30.2248,30.2152,30.2064,30.1985,30.1912,30.1844,30.1774,30.1698,30.161,30.1509,30.1396,30.1273,30.1147,30.1024,30.0908,30.0803,30.071,30.0627,30.055,30.0473,30.0391,30.0301,30.02,30.0091,29.9976,29.9861,29.9751,29.9652,29.9565,29.9491,29.9427,29.9369,29.931,29.9246,29.9174,29.9091,])
array_2 = np.array([0.98,0.99,0.98,0.91,0.87,0.84,0.82,0.83,0.85,0.83,0.77,0.75,0.76,0.85,0.96,0.99,1.05,1.01,1.01,0.94,0.88,0.89,0.9,0.86,0.8,0.75,0.76,0.72,0.68,0.66,0.63,0.57,0.58,0.6,0.54,0.55,0.49,0.49,0.49,0.49,0.5,0.49,0.47,0.48,0.48,0.35,0.33,0.41,0.44,])
array_1_name = "The distance between Neptune and the Sun"
array_2_name = "NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only The distance between Neptune and the Sun
Line chart for only NASA's budget as a percentage of the total US Federal Budget
The spurious research paper: Astrodollars: Exploring the Celestial and Fiscal Orbits - The Relationship Between Neptune's Distance from the Sun and NASA's Budget as a Percentage of the US Federal Budget

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Correlation ID: 1033 · Black Variable ID: 1932 · Red Variable ID: 1084


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