Spurious correlation #5,593 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air pollution in Roanoke, Virginia and the second variable is Pirate attacks globally. The chart goes from 2009 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air pollution in Roanoke, Virginia and the second variable is Pirate attacks globally. The chart goes from 2009 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As the air quality in Roanoke improved, it led to the proliferation of a new species of eco-friendly algae in the nearby oceans. This algae, known as greenbeardicus, emits a unique scent that is highly displeasing to pirates. As the greenbeardicus spread throughout the seas, it created a natural barrier against pirate ships, effectively deterring them from engaging in attacks. This unexpected ecological defense mechanism has baffled scientists and brought a welcome relief to the global maritime community.

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: [ A photo-realistic image ] of a serene, coastal landscape in Roanoke, Virginia, bathed in the warm glow of a clear, sunny day. The blue skies blend seamlessly with the lush greenery of the trees, creating a tranquil and idyllic scene. In the foreground, the pristine ocean waters glisten as the new eco-friendly algae, greenbeardicus, begins to spread, adding vibrant green hues to the coastal waters. On the horizon, a group of imposing pirate ships, identified by their iconic Jolly Roger flags, are visible as they slowly approach the coastline. However, their advance is suddenly halted, and the ships seem to recoil as they encounter the scent of the greenbeardicus, visibly repelled and unable to go any further. Meanwhile, a group of intrigued scientists observe the unexpected but effective defense mechanism provided by the flourishing algae, their expressions a mix of perplexity and wonder at nature's intervention. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Air pollution in Roanoke, Virginia and Pirate attacks globally. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: a funny image you would see on reddit Magic realism High-tech A photo-realistic image Minimalism
ChatGPT: A photo-realistic image

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Air pollution in Roanoke, Virginia and Pirate attacks globally, in the following situation: As the air quality in Roanoke improved, it led to the proliferation of a new species of eco-friendly algae in the nearby oceans. This algae, known as greenbeardicus, emits a unique scent that is highly displeasing to pirates. As the greenbeardicus spread throughout the seas, it created a natural barrier against pirate ships, effectively deterring them from engaging in attacks. This unexpected ecological defense mechanism has baffled scientists and brought a welcome relief to the global maritime community.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: A clear, sunny day in Roanoke, Virginia, with blue skies and lush green trees. The air is noticeably cleaner as new eco-friendly algae, greenbeardicus, begins to spread throughout the nearby ocean waters. A group of pirate ships, identifiable by their iconic Jolly Roger flags, approach the coastline but suddenly halt as they encounter the scent of the greenbeardicus, visibly repelled and unable to proceed. Scientists stand perplexed, marveling at the unexpected but effective defense against pirate attacks provided by the flourishing algae.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A photo-realistic image ] and depicting this scene: A clear, sunny day in Roanoke, Virginia, with blue skies and lush green trees. The air is noticeably cleaner as new eco-friendly algae, greenbeardicus, begins to spread throughout the nearby ocean waters. A group of pirate ships, identifiable by their iconic Jolly Roger flags, approach the coastline but suddenly halt as they encounter the scent of the greenbeardicus, visibly repelled and unable to proceed. Scientists stand perplexed, marveling at the unexpected but effective defense against pirate attacks provided by the flourishing algae. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: [ A photo-realistic image ] of a serene, coastal landscape in Roanoke, Virginia, bathed in the warm glow of a clear, sunny day. The blue skies blend seamlessly with the lush greenery of the trees, creating a tranquil and idyllic scene. In the foreground, the pristine ocean waters glisten as the new eco-friendly algae, greenbeardicus, begins to spread, adding vibrant green hues to the coastal waters. On the horizon, a group of imposing pirate ships, identified by their iconic Jolly Roger flags, are visible as they slowly approach the coastline. However, their advance is suddenly halted, and the ships seem to recoil as they encounter the scent of the greenbeardicus, visibly repelled and unable to go any further. Meanwhile, a group of intrigued scientists observe the unexpected but effective defense mechanism provided by the flourishing algae, their expressions a mix of perplexity and wonder at nature's intervention.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how a decrease in Air pollution in Roanoke, Virginia caused Pirate attacks globally to decrease.\Make it sound serious until the end.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

The Roa-Noke Effect: An Empirical Analysis of Air Pollution in Roanoke, Virginia and Its Correlation with Global Pirate Attacks

The Journal of Quirky Ecological Research

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Roanoke, Virginia and Pirate attacks globally. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name some movies that you watched that are tangentially related to the topic.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Roa-Noke Effect: An Empirical Analysis of Air Pollution in Roanoke, Virginia and Its Correlation with Global Pirate Attacks

[[ABSTRACT]]
The relationship between air pollution and its effects on human health and the environment has been an area of intense study and concern. Likewise, the impact of piracy on global trade and security has been a subject of great attention. However, an unexpected link between these two seemingly disparate phenomena has emerged. We investigated the possible connection between air pollution levels in Roanoke, Virginia and the frequency of pirate attacks globally. Through our analysis of data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Statista, we found a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9067952 and statistical significance with p < 0.01 for the period spanning 2009 to 2022.

Our findings suggest a curious relationship between the air quality in Roanoke and the occurrence of pirate attacks on the high seas. While we do not claim causation, the statistical connection between increased air pollution in Roanoke and heightened incidences of piracy presents an intriguing avenue for further exploration. This unexpected correlation prompts a crucial question: could the fabled swashbuckling seafarers of yore have been motivated by the air pollution emanating from the picturesque Roanoke? We call for additional interdisciplinary research into this peculiar connection to unravel the mystery behind the Roa-Noke effect.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
Air pollution and its widespread consequences have long been the focus of extensive research and regulatory efforts. Similarly, the scourge of piracy on the high seas has captured the interest of scholars and policymakers alike. However, what happens when these two seemingly unrelated topics collide, much like a ship meeting a formidable squall? This paper aims to address the unexpected correlation between air pollution levels in Roanoke, Virginia, and the occurrence of pirate attacks globally. While the association may appear as improbable as finding a treasure map in a ship's library, our investigation reveals a compelling statistical link that demands further scrutiny.
The city of Roanoke, nestled in the picturesque valleys of Virginia, has been known for its rich history and captivating landscapes. However, beneath its idyllic façade lies a less savory reality - a notable presence of air pollutants stemming from industrial activities and vehicular emissions. Conversely, the realm of piracy conjures images of swashbuckling adventurers, eye patches, and wooden legs. Yet, much like the hidden treasures sought by pirates, our analysis has brought to light an unforeseen relationship between these two disparate spheres.
Our study delves into the empirical data compiled by the Environmental Protection Agency, which meticulously records air quality parameters in various U.S. cities, including Roanoke. Combining this information with global piracy statistics from reputable sources such as Statista, we have uncovered a startling correlation that surpasses mere happenstance. The correlation coefficient of 0.9067952 and the level of statistical significance with p < 0.01 for the period from 2009 to 2022 has left us as bemused as a sailor encountering a particularly curious kraken.
The implications of our findings extend beyond mere academic curiosity. Could it be that the emission of particulate matter in Roanoke acts as a siren's call, beckoning maritime marauders to set sail in search of cleaner airs and cleaner loot? Our investigation does not attempt to assert a direct causative relationship but rather raises the mast of inquiry into an intriguing and hitherto unexplored phenomenon - the Roa-Noke effect. As we set sail into uncharted waters of cross-disciplinary exploration, we invite fellow academics and researchers to join us in unraveling this enigmatic connection and shed light on the peculiar allure of Roanoke to pirates of the high seas. After all, who wouldn't be drawn to a city nestled amidst picturesque hills and veiled in a haze of potential mystery and adventure?

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The perplexing correlation between air pollution levels in Roanoke, Virginia, and the global occurrences of pirate attacks has sparked considerable interest and raised a myriad of questions. To contextualize and substantiate our unexpected findings, we reviewed a wide range of scholarly works and literary sources that could shed light on this curious connection.

In "Air Quality and Its Effects on Public Health" by Smith et al., the authors delve into the detrimental impacts of air pollution on human health, highlighting the various pollutants and their associated health risks. Meanwhile, Doe's comprehensive study, "Industrial Emissions and Their Environmental Consequences," provides an in-depth analysis of the sources and consequences of industrial air pollutants, offering valuable insights into the broader environmental implications of air pollution.

Turning to the economic realm, Jones's seminal work, "The Cost of Air Pollution: A Global Perspective," elucidates the far-reaching economic repercussions of air pollution, emphasizing its effects on labor productivity, healthcare expenditures, and overall societal welfare. These studies lay a solid foundation for understanding the grave implications of air pollution, setting the stage for our exploration of its unexpected relationship with pirate activities.

Expanding our inquiry beyond academic literature, we turn to non-fiction works such as "Pirates: Terror on the High Seas" by Maritime Historian A. N. Author, which provides a comprehensive historical account of piracy and its impact on global trade routes. Furthermore, "The Air We Breathe: A Comprehensive Analysis" by Environmental Scientist Q. R. Researcher offers valuable insights into the composition and spread of air pollutants, enhancing our understanding of the environmental context in which our peculiar correlation unfolds.

Venturing into the realm of fiction, the classic novel "Treasure Island" by Robert Louis Stevenson transports readers to the thrilling world of buccaneers and buried treasure, evoking images of peg-legged pirates and perilous adventures on the high seas. Similarly, "Pirateology: The Pirate Hunter's Companion" by Captain William Lubber delves into the clandestine world of pirate lore, blending historical accounts with mythical tales of swashbuckling escapades.

Taking a cinematic detour, the film "Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl" captures the essence of maritime piracy with a generous dose of Hollywood's imaginative flair. The movie intertwines elements of folklore, mystique, and high-seas tomfoolery, offering a lighthearted portrayal of piratical escapades that mirrors the enigmatic allure of our unexpected correlation.

By synthesizing insights from diverse sources, both scholarly and literary, we aim to illuminate the inexplicable bond between the air quality in Roanoke and the global prevalence of pirate attacks, anchoring our investigation in a rich tapestry of knowledge and storytelling.

As we navigate the seas of research, it is essential to consider the interplay of serious academic discourse, historical narratives, and cinematic representations in unraveling the enigmatic connection between air pollution in Roanoke and the swashbuckling exploits of pirates on distant shores.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Roanoke, Virginia and Pirate attacks globally. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Statista . You used data from 2009 to 2022

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Roa-Noke Effect: An Empirical Analysis of Air Pollution in Roanoke, Virginia and Its Correlation with Global Pirate Attacks

[[ABSTRACT]]
The relationship between air pollution and its effects on human health and the environment has been an area of intense study and concern. Likewise, the impact of piracy on global trade and security has been a subject of great attention. However, an unexpected link between these two seemingly disparate phenomena has emerged. We investigated the possible connection between air pollution levels in Roanoke, Virginia and the frequency of pirate attacks globally. Through our analysis of data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Statista, we found a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9067952 and statistical significance with p < 0.01 for the period spanning 2009 to 2022.

Our findings suggest a curious relationship between the air quality in Roanoke and the occurrence of pirate attacks on the high seas. While we do not claim causation, the statistical connection between increased air pollution in Roanoke and heightened incidences of piracy presents an intriguing avenue for further exploration. This unexpected correlation prompts a crucial question: could the fabled swashbuckling seafarers of yore have been motivated by the air pollution emanating from the picturesque Roanoke? We call for additional interdisciplinary research into this peculiar connection to unravel the mystery behind the Roa-Noke effect.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
Air pollution and its widespread consequences have long been the focus of extensive research and regulatory efforts. Similarly, the scourge of piracy on the high seas has captured the interest of scholars and policymakers alike. However, what happens when these two seemingly unrelated topics collide, much like a ship meeting a formidable squall? This paper aims to address the unexpected correlation between air pollution levels in Roanoke, Virginia, and the occurrence of pirate attacks globally. While the association may appear as improbable as finding a treasure map in a ship's library, our investigation reveals a compelling statistical link that demands further scrutiny.
The city of Roanoke, nestled in the picturesque valleys of Virginia, has been known for its rich history and captivating landscapes. However, beneath its idyllic façade lies a less savory reality - a notable presence of air pollutants stemming from industrial activities and vehicular emissions. Conversely, the realm of piracy conjures images of swashbuckling adventurers, eye patches, and wooden legs. Yet, much like the hidden treasures sought by pirates, our analysis has brought to light an unforeseen relationship between these two disparate spheres.
Our study delves into the empirical data compiled by the Environmental Protection Agency, which meticulously records air quality parameters in various U.S. cities, including Roanoke. Combining this information with global piracy statistics from reputable sources such as Statista, we have uncovered a startling correlation that surpasses mere happenstance. The correlation coefficient of 0.9067952 and the level of statistical significance with p < 0.01 for the period from 2009 to 2022 has left us as bemused as a sailor encountering a particularly curious kraken.
The implications of our findings extend beyond mere academic curiosity. Could it be that the emission of particulate matter in Roanoke acts as a siren's call, beckoning maritime marauders to set sail in search of cleaner airs and cleaner loot? Our investigation does not attempt to assert a direct causative relationship but rather raises the mast of inquiry into an intriguing and hitherto unexplored phenomenon - the Roa-Noke effect. As we set sail into uncharted waters of cross-disciplinary exploration, we invite fellow academics and researchers to join us in unraveling this enigmatic connection and shed light on the peculiar allure of Roanoke to pirates of the high seas. After all, who wouldn't be drawn to a city nestled amidst picturesque hills and veiled in a haze of potential mystery and adventure?

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To shed light on the enigmatic connection between air pollution in Roanoke, Virginia, and global pirate activity, our research team employed a multifaceted approach that combined rigorous analysis with a hint of buccaneer spirit. We leveraged a comprehensive dataset, embracing the internet's expansive seas and turning our spyglass, so to speak, to various sources including the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Statista. Our data collection spanned the years 2009 to 2022, allowing us to capture a snapshot of air quality in Roanoke and global pirate activity over a significant timeframe.

Air Quality Data Collection:
We embarked on our journey by navigating the treasure trove of data provided by the EPA, specifically focusing on air quality metrics in Roanoke, Virginia. The EPA's meticulous documentation of pollutant concentrations, including particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide, provided the essential winds to propel our investigation. We selected Roanoke as our port of call due to its unique blend of urban and industrial features, creating a veritable cauldron of air pollutants that could attract the interest of seafaring scoundrels.

Pirate Attack Statistics:
Our quest for global pirate activity led us to Statista, a reputable source of economic and trade data. We charted the waters of historical and contemporary records of pirate attacks, plunder, and skullduggery on the high seas. Navigating through this trove of seafaring data allowed us to draw parallels between the ebb and flow of pirate activity and the atmospheric currents of air pollution emanating from Roanoke.

Correlation Analysis:
With our treasure map of data in hand, we set sail for the uncharted waters of statistical analysis. Employing robust statistical techniques, including Pearson's correlation coefficient and hypothesis testing, we sought to uncover the hidden patterns beneath the crashing waves of information. Our aim was not merely to navigate by stars, but to discern whether a substantive relationship existed between the air quality in Roanoke and global pirate attacks.

Multivariate Regression Analyses (Just to Sound Impressive):
Further bolstering our methodological arsenal, we undertook multivariate regression analyses to delve deeper into the potential drivers of global pirate activity. By integrating variables such as economic conditions, geopolitical instability, and maritime trade routes, we aimed to discern whether air pollution in Roanoke emerged as a steadfast harbinger of pirate incursions or if other factors contributed to the swashbuckling spectacles witnessed on the international stage.

Limitations and Conclusive Remarks:
As with any seafaring journey, our research was not devoid of choppy waters and tempestuous tides. While our findings illuminate a remarkably high correlation between air pollution in Roanoke and global pirate attacks, we acknowledge the limitations of our study, including the inherent challenges of establishing causation in observational research. Nonetheless, the mysterious allure of the Roa-Noke effect beckons for further exploration and interdisciplinary collaboration to unravel its intricacies, much like a buried treasure waiting to be unearthed.

In summary, our approach amalgamated stringent empirical analysis with a playful nod to the maritime mystique, forging a path towards understanding the peculiar interplay between air pollution in Roanoke, Virginia, and the exploits of pirates on the high seas. Ahoy, fellow researchers, as we embark on this journey to unravel the riddle of the Roa-Noke effect and uncover the buried treasures of interdisciplinary inquiry!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Roanoke, Virginia and Pirate attacks globally. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
The Roa-Noke Effect: An Empirical Analysis of Air Pollution in Roanoke, Virginia and Its Correlation with Global Pirate Attacks

[[ABSTRACT]]
The relationship between air pollution and its effects on human health and the environment has been an area of intense study and concern. Likewise, the impact of piracy on global trade and security has been a subject of great attention. However, an unexpected link between these two seemingly disparate phenomena has emerged. We investigated the possible connection between air pollution levels in Roanoke, Virginia and the frequency of pirate attacks globally. Through our analysis of data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Statista, we found a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9067952 and statistical significance with p < 0.01 for the period spanning 2009 to 2022.

Our findings suggest a curious relationship between the air quality in Roanoke and the occurrence of pirate attacks on the high seas. While we do not claim causation, the statistical connection between increased air pollution in Roanoke and heightened incidences of piracy presents an intriguing avenue for further exploration. This unexpected correlation prompts a crucial question: could the fabled swashbuckling seafarers of yore have been motivated by the air pollution emanating from the picturesque Roanoke? We call for additional interdisciplinary research into this peculiar connection to unravel the mystery behind the Roa-Noke effect.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The perplexing correlation between air pollution levels in Roanoke, Virginia, and the global occurrences of pirate attacks has sparked considerable interest and raised a myriad of questions. To contextualize and substantiate our unexpected findings, we reviewed a wide range of scholarly works and literary sources that could shed light on this curious connection.
In "Air Quality and Its Effects on Public Health" by Smith et al., the authors delve into the detrimental impacts of air pollution on human health, highlighting the various pollutants and their associated health risks. Meanwhile, Doe's comprehensive study, "Industrial Emissions and Their Environmental Consequences," provides an in-depth analysis of the sources and consequences of industrial air pollutants, offering valuable insights into the broader environmental implications of air pollution.
Turning to the economic realm, Jones's seminal work, "The Cost of Air Pollution: A Global Perspective," elucidates the far-reaching economic repercussions of air pollution, emphasizing its effects on labor productivity, healthcare expenditures, and overall societal welfare. These studies lay a solid foundation for understanding the grave implications of air pollution, setting the stage for our exploration of its unexpected relationship with pirate activities.
Expanding our inquiry beyond academic literature, we turn to non-fiction works such as "Pirates: Terror on the High Seas" by Maritime Historian A. N. Author, which provides a comprehensive historical account of piracy and its impact on global trade routes. Furthermore, "The Air We Breathe: A Comprehensive Analysis" by Environmental Scientist Q. R. Researcher offers valuable insights into the composition and spread of air pollutants, enhancing our understanding of the environmental context in which our peculiar correlation unfolds.
Venturing into the realm of fiction, the classic novel "Treasure Island" by Robert Louis Stevenson transports readers to the thrilling world of buccaneers and buried treasure, evoking images of peg-legged pirates and perilous adventures on the high seas. Similarly, "Pirateology: The Pirate Hunter's Companion" by Captain William Lubber delves into the clandestine world of pirate lore, blending historical accounts with mythical tales of swashbuckling escapades.
Taking a cinematic detour, the film "Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl" captures the essence of maritime piracy with a generous dose of Hollywood's imaginative flair. The movie intertwines elements of folklore, mystique, and high-seas tomfoolery, offering a lighthearted portrayal of piratical escapades that mirrors the enigmatic allure of our unexpected correlation.
By synthesizing insights from diverse sources, both scholarly and literary, we aim to illuminate the inexplicable bond between the air quality in Roanoke and the global prevalence of pirate attacks, anchoring our investigation in a rich tapestry of knowledge and storytelling.
As we navigate the seas of research, it is essential to consider the interplay of serious academic discourse, historical narratives, and cinematic representations in unraveling the enigmatic connection between air pollution in Roanoke and the swashbuckling exploits of pirates on distant shores.

[[RESULTS]]
The statistical analysis of the connection between air pollution levels in Roanoke, Virginia and the frequency of pirate attacks globally yielded compelling results. For the time period 2009 to 2022, we found a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9067952, indicating a strong positive correlation between these two seemingly unrelated variables. The coefficient of determination (r-squared) was calculated to be 0.8222775, signifying that approximately 82.2% of the variability in global pirate attacks can be explained by the variability in air pollution levels in Roanoke. Additionally, the level of statistical significance with p < 0.01 further reinforces the robustness of the observed correlation, compelling even the most stalwart skeptic to take notice.
To visually depict the striking correlation between air pollution in Roanoke and global pirate attacks, we present a scatterplot (Fig. 1) that showcases the strong association between these two variables. As the saying goes, "a picture is worth a thousand words," and this graph speaks volumes about the unexpected relationship we have unearthed.
This significant correlation raises intriguing questions and invokes a sense of wonder akin to stumbling upon buried treasure. While we resist the temptation to leap to causative conclusions, the distinct positive association between air pollution in Roanoke and the incidence of pirate attacks demands further investigation. Perhaps the allure of setting sail for distant shores is not solely motivated by the promise of hidden riches but also by the desire to escape the haze of environmental contaminants. Our findings prompt an exploration of the intriguing notion that the atmospheric conditions in Roanoke may have exerted an unwitting influence on the age-old pursuit of maritime pillage and plunder.
These findings not only contribute to the body of knowledge in environmental science and maritime studies but also invite a maritime-themed metaphor - we have docked at the port of possibility, casting our research net into uncharted waters in search of answers. The unexpected connection between air pollution in Roanoke and global pirate activity beckons further investigation, fostering a spirit of curiosity and academic adventure as we navigate the currents of interdisciplinary inquiry.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our investigation into the correlation between air pollution levels in Roanoke, Virginia and global pirate attacks has yielded fascinating results that warrant serious consideration and, dare I say, a hearty chuckle. The remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9067952, coupled with a level of statistical significance with p < 0.01, speaks volumes about the unexpected bond between these seemingly unrelated phenomena. Our findings not only corroborate but also amplify the curious inklings presented in the literature review, where we dared to entertain the notion that the fabled allure of piracy could be entwined with the atmospheric emissions from the quaint city of Roanoke, Virginia.

The high correlation coefficient and the substantial coefficient of determination of 82.2% underscore the robustness of the observed relationship. The unanticipated bond between air pollution in Roanoke and global pirate activity calls to mind the whimsical romance of adventurous escapades set against a backdrop of industrial fumes – a scenario ripe for intriguing literary exploits, if I may be so bold. While we must exercise caution in leaping to causal conclusions, the compelling statistical evidence hints at a maritime tale as captivating as any swashbuckling yarn.

Moreover, our findings resonate with the jesting references in the literature review to fictional encounters with pirates in "Treasure Island" and scholarly discussions of air pollution's impact on public health and labor productivity. These seemingly disparate elements converge in our study, culminating in an unexpected and noteworthy correlation that tickles the imagination and tickles the fancy, much like the idea of a band of carbon-emission-weary pirates roaming the high seas.

The robustness of the observed correlation invites a playful reflection on the age-old quest to uncover hidden treasures. In this case, our treasure takes the form of an unexpected statistical relationship between air pollution in Roanoke and the frequency of pirate attacks globally. This finding underscores the interdisciplinary nature of our exploration, weaving together the strands of environmental science and maritime studies in a manner that could inspire an academic caper fit for the silver screen.

As we tread this uncharted territory, it becomes apparent that our research has cast a lively net into the waters of discovery, drawing attention not only to the empirical connection between air pollution and piracy but also to the comedic potential of this unlikely pairing. The unexpected correlation between air pollution in Roanoke and global pirate activity beckons further investigation, igniting a spirit of scholarly inquiry that is as captivating as an adventurous voyage.

In summary, our study yields a poignant reminder that the world of empirical research is not without its own peculiar form of intellectual amusement. The connection between air pollution in Roanoke and global pirate attacks serves as a reminder that in the complex web of scholarly inquiry, even the most unexpected correlations can set the stage for a bona fide academic adventure, complete with swashbuckling statistical analyses and nautical narratives that capture the imagination.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Roanoke, Virginia and Pirate attacks globally. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
The Roa-Noke Effect: An Empirical Analysis of Air Pollution in Roanoke, Virginia and Its Correlation with Global Pirate Attacks

[[ABSTRACT]]
The relationship between air pollution and its effects on human health and the environment has been an area of intense study and concern. Likewise, the impact of piracy on global trade and security has been a subject of great attention. However, an unexpected link between these two seemingly disparate phenomena has emerged. We investigated the possible connection between air pollution levels in Roanoke, Virginia and the frequency of pirate attacks globally. Through our analysis of data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Statista, we found a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9067952 and statistical significance with p < 0.01 for the period spanning 2009 to 2022.

Our findings suggest a curious relationship between the air quality in Roanoke and the occurrence of pirate attacks on the high seas. While we do not claim causation, the statistical connection between increased air pollution in Roanoke and heightened incidences of piracy presents an intriguing avenue for further exploration. This unexpected correlation prompts a crucial question: could the fabled swashbuckling seafarers of yore have been motivated by the air pollution emanating from the picturesque Roanoke? We call for additional interdisciplinary research into this peculiar connection to unravel the mystery behind the Roa-Noke effect.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
Air pollution and its widespread consequences have long been the focus of extensive research and regulatory efforts. Similarly, the scourge of piracy on the high seas has captured the interest of scholars and policymakers alike. However, what happens when these two seemingly unrelated topics collide, much like a ship meeting a formidable squall? This paper aims to address the unexpected correlation between air pollution levels in Roanoke, Virginia, and the occurrence of pirate attacks globally. While the association may appear as improbable as finding a treasure map in a ship's library, our investigation reveals a compelling statistical link that demands further scrutiny.
The city of Roanoke, nestled in the picturesque valleys of Virginia, has been known for its rich history and captivating landscapes. However, beneath its idyllic façade lies a less savory reality - a notable presence of air pollutants stemming from industrial activities and vehicular emissions. Conversely, the realm of piracy conjures images of swashbuckling adventurers, eye patches, and wooden legs. Yet, much like the hidden treasures sought by pirates, our analysis has brought to light an unforeseen relationship between these two disparate spheres.
Our study delves into the empirical data compiled by the Environmental Protection Agency, which meticulously records air quality parameters in various U.S. cities, including Roanoke. Combining this information with global piracy statistics from reputable sources such as Statista, we have uncovered a startling correlation that surpasses mere happenstance. The correlation coefficient of 0.9067952 and the level of statistical significance with p < 0.01 for the period from 2009 to 2022 has left us as bemused as a sailor encountering a particularly curious kraken.
The implications of our findings extend beyond mere academic curiosity. Could it be that the emission of particulate matter in Roanoke acts as a siren's call, beckoning maritime marauders to set sail in search of cleaner airs and cleaner loot? Our investigation does not attempt to assert a direct causative relationship but rather raises the mast of inquiry into an intriguing and hitherto unexplored phenomenon - the Roa-Noke effect. As we set sail into uncharted waters of cross-disciplinary exploration, we invite fellow academics and researchers to join us in unraveling this enigmatic connection and shed light on the peculiar allure of Roanoke to pirates of the high seas. After all, who wouldn't be drawn to a city nestled amidst picturesque hills and veiled in a haze of potential mystery and adventure?

[[RESULTS]]
The statistical analysis of the connection between air pollution levels in Roanoke, Virginia and the frequency of pirate attacks globally yielded compelling results. For the time period 2009 to 2022, we found a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9067952, indicating a strong positive correlation between these two seemingly unrelated variables. The coefficient of determination (r-squared) was calculated to be 0.8222775, signifying that approximately 82.2% of the variability in global pirate attacks can be explained by the variability in air pollution levels in Roanoke. Additionally, the level of statistical significance with p < 0.01 further reinforces the robustness of the observed correlation, compelling even the most stalwart skeptic to take notice.
To visually depict the striking correlation between air pollution in Roanoke and global pirate attacks, we present a scatterplot (Fig. 1) that showcases the strong association between these two variables. As the saying goes, "a picture is worth a thousand words," and this graph speaks volumes about the unexpected relationship we have unearthed.
This significant correlation raises intriguing questions and invokes a sense of wonder akin to stumbling upon buried treasure. While we resist the temptation to leap to causative conclusions, the distinct positive association between air pollution in Roanoke and the incidence of pirate attacks demands further investigation. Perhaps the allure of setting sail for distant shores is not solely motivated by the promise of hidden riches but also by the desire to escape the haze of environmental contaminants. Our findings prompt an exploration of the intriguing notion that the atmospheric conditions in Roanoke may have exerted an unwitting influence on the age-old pursuit of maritime pillage and plunder.
These findings not only contribute to the body of knowledge in environmental science and maritime studies but also invite a maritime-themed metaphor - we have docked at the port of possibility, casting our research net into uncharted waters in search of answers. The unexpected connection between air pollution in Roanoke and global pirate activity beckons further investigation, fostering a spirit of curiosity and academic adventure as we navigate the currents of interdisciplinary inquiry.

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[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our analysis has led us to the intriguing intersection of air pollution in Roanoke, Virginia, and the occurrences of pirate attacks on a global scale. The remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9067952 and the level of statistical significance with p < 0.01 have left us feeling as amazed as a treasure hunter stumbling upon a trove of unexpected artifacts. This unexpected correlation prompts a host of questions, much like an enigmatic riddle posed by a wily pirate captain.
The findings not only open new avenues for interdisciplinary inquiry but also evoke a sense of academic adventure, akin to setting sail on uncharted intellectual waters. It is perhaps fitting to ponder whether the allure of piracy is not just motivated by the promise of booty but also by the desire to escape the murky haze of air pollution. Our results, much like a hidden treasure trove, call for further exploration and research in this peculiar and hitherto unexplored terrain of environmental and maritime interactions.
We assert with the utmost academic gravitas (and a twinkle in our eye) that the Roa-Noke effect is a curious phenomenon that warrants attention and additional investigation. However, we boldly declare, with the flourish of a swashbuckling pirate, that no further research in this area is necessary. For now, we bid adieu to the curious allure of Roanoke and the mysteries of maritime marauders, confident that this peculiar connection has been sufficiently befriended, dissected, and plundered for all its academic worth.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited The Roa-Noke Effect: An Empirical Analysis of Air Pollution in Roanoke, Virginia and Its Correlation with Global Pirate Attacks. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Quirky Ecological Research

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited The Roa-Noke Effect: An Empirical Analysis of Air Pollution in Roanoke, Virginia and Its Correlation with Global Pirate Attacks. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

National Institute for Atmospheric Anomalies Research (NIAAR)

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled The Roa-Noke Effect: An Empirical Analysis of Air Pollution in Roanoke, Virginia and Its Correlation with Global Pirate Attacks with an abstract of The relationship between air pollution and its effects on human health and the environment has been an area of intense study and concern. Likewise, the impact of piracy on global trade and security has been a subject of great attention. However, an unexpected link between these two seemingly disparate phenomena has emerged. We investigated the possible connection between air pollution levels in Roanoke, Virginia and the frequency of pirate attacks globally. Through our analysis of data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Statista, we found a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9067952 and statistical significance with p < 0.01 for the period spanning 2009 to 2022.
Our findings suggest a curious relationship between the air quality in Roanoke and the occurrence of pirate attacks on the high seas. While we do not claim causation, the statistical connection between increased air pollution in Roanoke and heightened incidences of piracy presents an intriguing avenue for further exploration. This unexpected correlation prompts a crucial question: could the fabled swashbuckling seafarers of yore have been motivated by the air pollution emanating from the picturesque Roanoke? We call for additional interdisciplinary research into this peculiar connection to unravel the mystery behind the Roa-Noke effect.

ChatGPT:

Roanoke, air pollution, Virginia, global pirate attacks, correlation, environmental impact, pollution effects, piracy, trade security, statistical analysis, unusual correlations, interdisciplinary research

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Data details

Air pollution in Roanoke, Virginia
Detailed data title: Percentage of days with moderate or worse air quality in Roanoke, VA
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air pollution in Roanoke, Virginia

Pirate attacks globally
Detailed data title: Global Pirate Attack Count
Source: Statista
See what else correlates with Pirate attacks globally

Correlation r = 0.9067952 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.8222775 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 82.2% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Pirate attacks globally) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Air pollution in Roanoke, Virginia) over the 14 years from 2009 through 2022.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 7.7E-6.^Show 0.0000077225606097077140000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.91 in 0.00077% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 129,491 random variables^Note You don't actually need 129 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 13 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 13 because we have two variables measured over a period of 14 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.73, 0.97 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Air pollution in Roanoke, Virginia (Bad air quality days)	28.7671	39.4521	41.0959	28.6885	14.2857	20.274	20.274	13.9344	10.9589	12.3288	10.137	7.65027	17.2603	11.2329
Pirate attacks globally (Number of Attacks)	410	445	439	297	264	245	246	191	180	201	162	195	132	115

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,237 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 636,906,169 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([28.7671,39.4521,41.0959,28.6885,14.2857,20.274,20.274,13.9344,10.9589,12.3288,10.137,7.65027,17.2603,11.2329,])
array_2 = np.array([410,445,439,297,264,245,246,191,180,201,162,195,132,115,])
array_1_name = "Air pollution in Roanoke, Virginia"
array_2_name = "Pirate attacks globally"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

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You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
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Line chart for only Air pollution in Roanoke, Virginia
Line chart for only Pirate attacks globally
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The spurious research paper: The Roa-Noke Effect: An Empirical Analysis of Air Pollution in Roanoke, Virginia and Its Correlation with Global Pirate Attacks

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Correlation ID: 5593 · Black Variable ID: 21150 · Red Variable ID: 488


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