Spurious correlation #5,571 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air pollution in Augusta, Georgia and the second variable is Google searches for 'snoop dog'. The chart goes from 2004 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air pollution in Augusta, Georgia and the second variable is Google searches for 'snoop dog'. The chart goes from 2004 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As the smog lifted, so did Snoop Dogg's popularity. It seems the cleaner air led to clearer minds, and people just weren't as high on Snoop's music anymore. Guess you could say his fan base went up in smoke when the air pollution went down!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image of the TIME magazine cover showcasing the scene of the smog lifting over Augusta, Georgia with a transition from polluted air to clear blue skies. Show a visual representation of decreasing search volume for "Snoop Dogg" on Google overlaid with the smog dissipating, indicating a correlation between cleaner air and waning interest in Snoop Dogg. The transformation from polluted to clear skies should symbolize a corresponding shift from the hazy popularity of Snoop Dogg to a clearer mindset in the city. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Air pollution in Augusta, Georgia and Google searches for 'snoop dog'. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: A TIME magazine cover image A scene from Skyrim Magic realism Cybernetic art Psychedelic
ChatGPT: A TIME magazine cover image

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Air pollution in Augusta, Georgia and Google searches for 'snoop dog', in the following situation: As the smog lifted, so did Snoop Dogg's popularity. It seems the cleaner air led to clearer minds, and people just weren't as high on Snoop's music anymore. Guess you could say his fan base went up in smoke when the air pollution went down!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: The smog over Augusta, Georgia gradually clears, revealing a bright blue sky and fresh air. At the same time, the volume of Google searches for "Snoop Dogg" noticeably decreases, as if his popularity is dissipating along with the pollution. The city's cleaner air seemingly brings a clearer mindset, coinciding with a decline in the interest in Snoop Dogg's music.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A TIME magazine cover image ] and depicting this scene: The smog over Augusta, Georgia gradually clears, revealing a bright blue sky and fresh air. At the same time, the volume of Google searches for "Snoop Dogg" noticeably decreases, as if his popularity is dissipating along with the pollution. The city's cleaner air seemingly brings a clearer mindset, coinciding with a decline in the interest in Snoop Dogg's music. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image of the TIME magazine cover showcasing the scene of the smog lifting over Augusta, Georgia with a transition from polluted air to clear blue skies. Show a visual representation of decreasing search volume for "Snoop Dogg" on Google overlaid with the smog dissipating, indicating a correlation between cleaner air and waning interest in Snoop Dogg. The transformation from polluted to clear skies should symbolize a corresponding shift from the hazy popularity of Snoop Dogg to a clearer mindset in the city.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how a decrease in Air pollution in Augusta, Georgia caused snoop dog (Google searches for 'snoop dog') to decrease. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Clearing the Air: Investigating the High-Note Relationship Between Air Pollution in Augusta, Georgia, and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dogg'

Journal of Environmental Entertainment Studies

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Augusta, Georgia and Google searches for 'snoop dog'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name a couple popular internet memes that are related to one of the topics.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Clearing the Air: Investigating the High-Note Relationship Between Air Pollution in Augusta, Georgia, and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dogg'"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we embark on a melodious journey to unravel the curious connection between air pollution in Augusta, Georgia, and the online quest for a certain canine-inspired rapper. Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we scrutinize the unmistakable link between the presence of air pollutants and the cyberspace pursuit of "Snoop Dogg." So, what's the air pollution's favorite Snoop Dogg song? "Gin and Air Tonic!" Our findings reveal a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9054210, with p < 0.01, spanning the years 2004 to 2021. This robust statistical relationship prompts us to ponder: could it be that as the pollution levels rise, so do the internet searches for the lyrical prowess of the one and only "Snoop Dogg"? Join us as we delve into this uncharted territory of environmental science and popular culture, unlocking the intriguing harmony between the two seemingly disparate realms.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The confluence of scientific inquiry and pop culture has long been a source of both fascination and amusement, much like spotting a rare Pokémon while conducting field research. In this study, we set out to explore the curious relationship between air pollution levels in Augusta, Georgia, and the frequency of Google searches for the renowned rapper, "Snoop Dogg." As we embark on this unique endeavor, we cannot help but hum "Drop It Like It's Hot" while analyzing the temperature inversions and particulate matter in the Augusta air.
Air pollution, like that one friend who never opens the windows, is a pervasive environmental issue that has garnered global attention due to its adverse effects on human health and the environment. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has monitored air quality across the United States, providing us with a treasure trove of data that rivals the treasure trove of dad jokes we have in store for this paper.
Meanwhile, the enigmatic allure of internet search behavior, particularly the quest for all things "Snoop Dogg," mirrors the unpredictability of quantum mechanics. Much like a cat in a box, the reasons behind the intensified interest in Snoop Dogg during times of high air pollution remain, for now, a mystery. Are people seeking solace in his melodic tunes amidst the haze, or is it a subconscious longing for the crisp, clean lyrics in the midst of environmental unrest? Our study aims to shed light on these puzzling patterns, much like a spotlight on a science stage play, illuminating the stage for all the world to see. Or at least, for other researchers to see.
Drawing from the rich tapestry of data available from Google Trends and the EPA, we conducted a thorough analysis, employing regression models and statistical tests as robust as an oak tree's support system. Our preliminary findings revealed a striking positive correlation between air pollution levels and the frequency of searches for "Snoop Dogg," eliciting a response similar to that of a perfectly timed punchline in a stand-up comedy routine.
The juxtaposition of air pollution and rap iconography may seem as incongruous as conducting a symphony orchestra at a construction site, yet our initial findings beg the question: Is there a harmonious chord that ties these seemingly disparate elements together? In this paper, we present our detailed analysis of the relationship between air pollution and the search for Snoop Dogg, all while keeping an eye out for any stray 'doggie' treats along the way.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

To thoroughly unravel the enigmatic connection between air pollution in Augusta, Georgia, and the online search for "Snoop Dogg," we must first delve into the existing literature on air pollution and its potential influences on human behavior and popular culture. Smith et al. (2015) examined the impact of air pollution on cognitive function and found that exposure to particulate matter was associated with decreased attention and memory. This suggests that air pollution may not only affect cognition but also impact online search behavior, leading individuals to navigate towards the comforting melodies and melodic rhymes of Snoop Dogg. Speaking of melodies, did you hear about that music composer with a pet cat? He called it his "meow-sical" companion. It's purr-fect!

In a more recent study, Doe and Jones (2019) investigated the psychological effects of air pollution and discovered a potential link between air quality and mood disturbances. It is plausible that individuals, when exposed to elevated pollution levels, seek solace in the charismatic tunes of Snoop Dogg, known for his laid-back and uplifting music. It's almost as if Snoop's lyrics act as a breath of fresh air amidst the pollution, creating a musical oasis in the environmental desert. Just like a good dad joke, Snoop's music has a way of lightening the mood, even in the midst of atmospheric gloom.

Turning to the realm of popular culture, the works of Dr. Seuss, particularly "The Cat in the Hat," bear relevance to our investigation. Dr. Seuss' whimsical tales and characters, while seemingly unrelated to air pollution or rap music, emphasize the interplay between the unexpected and the familiar – much like the unexpected correlation we are examining in this study. And who knows, maybe somewhere in the literary universe, the Cat in the Hat is taking keen interest in the correlation between air pollution and Snoop Dogg searches, wearing a hat emblazoned with "Air Quality Control Officer!" Oh, the places we'll go with these correlations.

Meanwhile, in the fictional domain, Suzanne Collins' "The Hunger Games" offers a unique perspective on environmental degradation and its societal implications, akin to the repercussions of air pollution. As the characters in the series navigate a world marred by environmental turmoil, we are reminded of the relevance of our own investigation in understanding how societal and environmental factors intertwine, much like a literary entanglement in a dystopian universe.

Now, dear reader, let's take a moment to appreciate the cultural phenomenon known as "Snoop Dogg's 'Drop It Like It's Hot' Vine Remixes." By juxtaposing Snoop Dogg's iconic verses with unexpected scenarios and internet memes, these remixes illuminate the enduring influence of Snoop Dogg's music in online spaces. It's like a musical meme fusion, creating an auditory stew that takes the online world by storm, much like the unexpected connection we are exploring in this paper. So, whether you're dropping statistics or dropping beats, there's a correlation waiting to be uncovered.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Augusta, Georgia and Google searches for 'snoop dog'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends . You used data from 2004 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Clearing the Air: Investigating the High-Note Relationship Between Air Pollution in Augusta, Georgia, and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dogg'"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we embark on a melodious journey to unravel the curious connection between air pollution in Augusta, Georgia, and the online quest for a certain canine-inspired rapper. Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we scrutinize the unmistakable link between the presence of air pollutants and the cyberspace pursuit of "Snoop Dogg." So, what's the air pollution's favorite Snoop Dogg song? "Gin and Air Tonic!" Our findings reveal a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9054210, with p < 0.01, spanning the years 2004 to 2021. This robust statistical relationship prompts us to ponder: could it be that as the pollution levels rise, so do the internet searches for the lyrical prowess of the one and only "Snoop Dogg"? Join us as we delve into this uncharted territory of environmental science and popular culture, unlocking the intriguing harmony between the two seemingly disparate realms.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The confluence of scientific inquiry and pop culture has long been a source of both fascination and amusement, much like spotting a rare Pokémon while conducting field research. In this study, we set out to explore the curious relationship between air pollution levels in Augusta, Georgia, and the frequency of Google searches for the renowned rapper, "Snoop Dogg." As we embark on this unique endeavor, we cannot help but hum "Drop It Like It's Hot" while analyzing the temperature inversions and particulate matter in the Augusta air.
Air pollution, like that one friend who never opens the windows, is a pervasive environmental issue that has garnered global attention due to its adverse effects on human health and the environment. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has monitored air quality across the United States, providing us with a treasure trove of data that rivals the treasure trove of dad jokes we have in store for this paper.
Meanwhile, the enigmatic allure of internet search behavior, particularly the quest for all things "Snoop Dogg," mirrors the unpredictability of quantum mechanics. Much like a cat in a box, the reasons behind the intensified interest in Snoop Dogg during times of high air pollution remain, for now, a mystery. Are people seeking solace in his melodic tunes amidst the haze, or is it a subconscious longing for the crisp, clean lyrics in the midst of environmental unrest? Our study aims to shed light on these puzzling patterns, much like a spotlight on a science stage play, illuminating the stage for all the world to see. Or at least, for other researchers to see.
Drawing from the rich tapestry of data available from Google Trends and the EPA, we conducted a thorough analysis, employing regression models and statistical tests as robust as an oak tree's support system. Our preliminary findings revealed a striking positive correlation between air pollution levels and the frequency of searches for "Snoop Dogg," eliciting a response similar to that of a perfectly timed punchline in a stand-up comedy routine.
The juxtaposition of air pollution and rap iconography may seem as incongruous as conducting a symphony orchestra at a construction site, yet our initial findings beg the question: Is there a harmonious chord that ties these seemingly disparate elements together? In this paper, we present our detailed analysis of the relationship between air pollution and the search for Snoop Dogg, all while keeping an eye out for any stray 'doggie' treats along the way.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To investigate the curious connection between air pollution in Augusta, Georgia, and Google searches for 'Snoop Dogg,' we employed a methodology as precise as a dog's sense of smell. Our data collection comprised air quality measurements from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and search volume data from Google Trends, covering the period from 2004 to 2021. We chose this extensive timeframe to capture any long-term trends and to ensure that our analysis was as thorough as a dog sniffing out a bone in a yard.

Our first step involved gathering air quality data from various monitoring stations in Augusta, Georgia, where the presence of air pollutants was monitored and recorded. We then filtered and compiled this data, treating it with as much care as a golden retriever treats a tennis ball, to prepare it for statistical analysis. This data was then compared to the search interest for "Snoop Dogg," as measured by Google Trends, which provided us with a comprehensive overview of the frequency and geographic distribution of online searches related to the iconic rapper.

To establish the relationship between air pollution and 'Snoop Dogg' searches, we utilized robust statistical methods, including time series analysis and regression models. Our statistical tools were sharpened as meticulously as a dog owner preparing a chew toy for their furry companion. We carefully controlled for potential confounding variables, such as changes in internet usage and other external factors, to ensure that our analysis focused solely on the relationship between air pollution and the online pursuit of 'Snoop Dogg.' Our attention to detail in addressing these confounding variables was as meticulous as grooming a poodle for a dog show.

Furthermore, to gauge the strength and significance of the relationship, we calculated correlation coefficients and performed hypothesis tests with the same rigor as a dog whisperer mastering the art of canine communication. This allowed us to determine the statistical significance of the observed patterns and draw robust conclusions about the extent of the association between air pollution levels and the frequency of 'Snoop Dogg' searches.

In addition, we conducted a detailed time series analysis to examine how the relationship between air pollution and 'Snoop Dogg' searches evolved over the years. Our analysis unfolded like a dog eagerly unwrapping a gift, revealing insights into any temporal trends or fluctuations in the observed patterns. By scrutinizing the data across different time periods, we aimed to capture the dynamic nature of this intriguing relationship and unravel any potential underlying mechanisms. It was a bit like training a puppy – challenging, but ultimately rewarding.

It's clear that our approach to this research was as thorough and systematic as a dog sniffing out a trail, ensuring that we left no bone unturned in our quest to understand the remarkable interplay between air pollution and the online quest for 'Snoop Dogg.' Woof, that was a ruff explanation!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Augusta, Georgia and Google searches for 'snoop dog'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Clearing the Air: Investigating the High-Note Relationship Between Air Pollution in Augusta, Georgia, and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dogg'"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we embark on a melodious journey to unravel the curious connection between air pollution in Augusta, Georgia, and the online quest for a certain canine-inspired rapper. Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we scrutinize the unmistakable link between the presence of air pollutants and the cyberspace pursuit of "Snoop Dogg." So, what's the air pollution's favorite Snoop Dogg song? "Gin and Air Tonic!" Our findings reveal a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9054210, with p < 0.01, spanning the years 2004 to 2021. This robust statistical relationship prompts us to ponder: could it be that as the pollution levels rise, so do the internet searches for the lyrical prowess of the one and only "Snoop Dogg"? Join us as we delve into this uncharted territory of environmental science and popular culture, unlocking the intriguing harmony between the two seemingly disparate realms.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
To thoroughly unravel the enigmatic connection between air pollution in Augusta, Georgia, and the online search for "Snoop Dogg," we must first delve into the existing literature on air pollution and its potential influences on human behavior and popular culture. Smith et al. (2015) examined the impact of air pollution on cognitive function and found that exposure to particulate matter was associated with decreased attention and memory. This suggests that air pollution may not only affect cognition but also impact online search behavior, leading individuals to navigate towards the comforting melodies and melodic rhymes of Snoop Dogg. Speaking of melodies, did you hear about that music composer with a pet cat? He called it his "meow-sical" companion. It's purr-fect!
In a more recent study, Doe and Jones (2019) investigated the psychological effects of air pollution and discovered a potential link between air quality and mood disturbances. It is plausible that individuals, when exposed to elevated pollution levels, seek solace in the charismatic tunes of Snoop Dogg, known for his laid-back and uplifting music. It's almost as if Snoop's lyrics act as a breath of fresh air amidst the pollution, creating a musical oasis in the environmental desert. Just like a good dad joke, Snoop's music has a way of lightening the mood, even in the midst of atmospheric gloom.
Turning to the realm of popular culture, the works of Dr. Seuss, particularly "The Cat in the Hat," bear relevance to our investigation. Dr. Seuss' whimsical tales and characters, while seemingly unrelated to air pollution or rap music, emphasize the interplay between the unexpected and the familiar – much like the unexpected correlation we are examining in this study. And who knows, maybe somewhere in the literary universe, the Cat in the Hat is taking keen interest in the correlation between air pollution and Snoop Dogg searches, wearing a hat emblazoned with "Air Quality Control Officer!" Oh, the places we'll go with these correlations.
Meanwhile, in the fictional domain, Suzanne Collins' "The Hunger Games" offers a unique perspective on environmental degradation and its societal implications, akin to the repercussions of air pollution. As the characters in the series navigate a world marred by environmental turmoil, we are reminded of the relevance of our own investigation in understanding how societal and environmental factors intertwine, much like a literary entanglement in a dystopian universe.
Now, dear reader, let's take a moment to appreciate the cultural phenomenon known as "Snoop Dogg's 'Drop It Like It's Hot' Vine Remixes." By juxtaposing Snoop Dogg's iconic verses with unexpected scenarios and internet memes, these remixes illuminate the enduring influence of Snoop Dogg's music in online spaces. It's like a musical meme fusion, creating an auditory stew that takes the online world by storm, much like the unexpected connection we are exploring in this paper. So, whether you're dropping statistics or dropping beats, there's a correlation waiting to be uncovered.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the collected data revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9054210 between air pollution levels in Augusta, Georgia, and the frequency of Google searches for "Snoop Dogg." This correlation indicates a strong positive relationship between the two variables, much like the bond between a catchy rap beat and a head-bobbing listener. The coefficient of determination, with an r-squared value of 0.8197872, suggests that approximately 82% of the variability in Snoop Dogg searches can be explained by changes in air pollution levels. In other words, it's as if Snoop Dogg's fans are saying, "Ain't nothin' but an R-squared thing, baby!"
The p-value of less than 0.01 provides compelling evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no relationship between air pollution and Google searches for "Snoop Dogg." This finding is as clear as the crisp enunciation in Snoop Dogg's rhymes. It indicates that the observed relationship is unlikely to be a result of random chance, reinforcing the robustness of the observed correlation.
Further reinforcing these results is the visually striking scatterplot displayed in Fig. 1, which visually conveys the strong positive association between air pollution levels and Google searches for "Snoop Dogg." The points on the plot form a pattern tighter than Snoop Dogg's flow, indicating a consistent increase in Snoop Dogg searches with rising levels of air pollutants. It's almost as if the data points are saying, "Drop it like it's hot, just like the pollutants in the air!"
Overall, our findings provide compelling evidence of a significant and consistent relationship between air pollution in Augusta, Georgia, and the online pursuit of "Snoop Dogg." The strength of this association prompts us to ponder the underlying reasons behind this unexpected harmony, much like wondering if it's the "gin and air tonic" that drives this musical connection. We invite future researchers to delve deeper into this intriguing intersection of environmental science and pop culture, while appreciating the potential for some "doggone" good humor along the way.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The pronounced positive correlation observed between air pollution levels in Augusta, Georgia, and the frequency of Google searches for "Snoop Dogg" aligns with prior research on the potential impact of environmental factors on human behavior and popular culture. Just as Snoop Dogg's music transcends genres, our findings transcend conventional expectations, demonstrating a strong association between atmospheric pollutants and online quests for lyrical charisma. It's almost as if Snoop's music floats through the air like an invisible gas, capturing the attention of internet users amidst the environmental haze.

Building on the literature review's exploration of the link between air pollution and cognitive function, our results echo Smith et al.'s discovery, offering further support for the idea that air pollution can influence human behavior, extending its reach even into the depths of cyberspace. One might say that just as air pollutants cloud the skies, they also cast a digital shadow over online search patterns, nudging individuals towards the soothing rhythms of Snoop Dogg's musical repertoire.

Likewise, our findings resonate with the work of Doe and Jones, who identified a potential correlation between air quality and mood disturbances. In a similar vein, our study suggests that individuals may turn to the mellifluous verses of Snoop Dogg as a source of respite in the face of elevated pollution levels, seeking auditory refuge from the environmental discord. It's as if Snoop's tunes become an unexpected oasis in the sonic wilderness, offering a breath of fresh rhythm amidst atmospheric uncertainties.

Visually encapsulated in the striking scatterplot, the direct relationship between air pollution and Snoop Dogg searches evokes the rhythmic undulations of a musical waveform, painting a melodic picture of the interconnectedness between environmental factors and popular online inquiries. It's as if the data points dance to the beat of Snoop's tunes, creating a symphony of statistical significance that beckons future researchers to join in this unconventional exploration of science and culture. After all, who would have thought that statistical analysis could groove so well with rap culture?

In essence, our study's unveiling of the correlation between air pollution in Augusta and the quest for "Snoop Dogg" online emphasizes the multifaceted influence of environmental variables on human behavior, weaving a lyrical narrative of unexpected connections in the scientific realm. As we navigate through this unusual intersection of environmental science and pop culture, it's clear that embracing a touch of humor and musicality can make even the most esoteric of statistical analyses as catchy as a Snoop Dogg hit. So, whether we're harmonizing variables or dropping statistical beats, the correlation between air pollution and Snoop Dogg searches proves to be a surprising yet undeniable match, prompting a collective nod of appreciation for the quirky symphony of science and culture. Time to drop the mic and wrap up this paper!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Augusta, Georgia and Google searches for 'snoop dog'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Clearing the Air: Investigating the High-Note Relationship Between Air Pollution in Augusta, Georgia, and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dogg'"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we embark on a melodious journey to unravel the curious connection between air pollution in Augusta, Georgia, and the online quest for a certain canine-inspired rapper. Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we scrutinize the unmistakable link between the presence of air pollutants and the cyberspace pursuit of "Snoop Dogg." So, what's the air pollution's favorite Snoop Dogg song? "Gin and Air Tonic!" Our findings reveal a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9054210, with p < 0.01, spanning the years 2004 to 2021. This robust statistical relationship prompts us to ponder: could it be that as the pollution levels rise, so do the internet searches for the lyrical prowess of the one and only "Snoop Dogg"? Join us as we delve into this uncharted territory of environmental science and popular culture, unlocking the intriguing harmony between the two seemingly disparate realms.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The confluence of scientific inquiry and pop culture has long been a source of both fascination and amusement, much like spotting a rare Pokémon while conducting field research. In this study, we set out to explore the curious relationship between air pollution levels in Augusta, Georgia, and the frequency of Google searches for the renowned rapper, "Snoop Dogg." As we embark on this unique endeavor, we cannot help but hum "Drop It Like It's Hot" while analyzing the temperature inversions and particulate matter in the Augusta air.
Air pollution, like that one friend who never opens the windows, is a pervasive environmental issue that has garnered global attention due to its adverse effects on human health and the environment. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has monitored air quality across the United States, providing us with a treasure trove of data that rivals the treasure trove of dad jokes we have in store for this paper.
Meanwhile, the enigmatic allure of internet search behavior, particularly the quest for all things "Snoop Dogg," mirrors the unpredictability of quantum mechanics. Much like a cat in a box, the reasons behind the intensified interest in Snoop Dogg during times of high air pollution remain, for now, a mystery. Are people seeking solace in his melodic tunes amidst the haze, or is it a subconscious longing for the crisp, clean lyrics in the midst of environmental unrest? Our study aims to shed light on these puzzling patterns, much like a spotlight on a science stage play, illuminating the stage for all the world to see. Or at least, for other researchers to see.
Drawing from the rich tapestry of data available from Google Trends and the EPA, we conducted a thorough analysis, employing regression models and statistical tests as robust as an oak tree's support system. Our preliminary findings revealed a striking positive correlation between air pollution levels and the frequency of searches for "Snoop Dogg," eliciting a response similar to that of a perfectly timed punchline in a stand-up comedy routine.
The juxtaposition of air pollution and rap iconography may seem as incongruous as conducting a symphony orchestra at a construction site, yet our initial findings beg the question: Is there a harmonious chord that ties these seemingly disparate elements together? In this paper, we present our detailed analysis of the relationship between air pollution and the search for Snoop Dogg, all while keeping an eye out for any stray 'doggie' treats along the way.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the collected data revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9054210 between air pollution levels in Augusta, Georgia, and the frequency of Google searches for "Snoop Dogg." This correlation indicates a strong positive relationship between the two variables, much like the bond between a catchy rap beat and a head-bobbing listener. The coefficient of determination, with an r-squared value of 0.8197872, suggests that approximately 82% of the variability in Snoop Dogg searches can be explained by changes in air pollution levels. In other words, it's as if Snoop Dogg's fans are saying, "Ain't nothin' but an R-squared thing, baby!"
The p-value of less than 0.01 provides compelling evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no relationship between air pollution and Google searches for "Snoop Dogg." This finding is as clear as the crisp enunciation in Snoop Dogg's rhymes. It indicates that the observed relationship is unlikely to be a result of random chance, reinforcing the robustness of the observed correlation.
Further reinforcing these results is the visually striking scatterplot displayed in Fig. 1, which visually conveys the strong positive association between air pollution levels and Google searches for "Snoop Dogg." The points on the plot form a pattern tighter than Snoop Dogg's flow, indicating a consistent increase in Snoop Dogg searches with rising levels of air pollutants. It's almost as if the data points are saying, "Drop it like it's hot, just like the pollutants in the air!"
Overall, our findings provide compelling evidence of a significant and consistent relationship between air pollution in Augusta, Georgia, and the online pursuit of "Snoop Dogg." The strength of this association prompts us to ponder the underlying reasons behind this unexpected harmony, much like wondering if it's the "gin and air tonic" that drives this musical connection. We invite future researchers to delve deeper into this intriguing intersection of environmental science and pop culture, while appreciating the potential for some "doggone" good humor along the way.

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Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our study has uncovered a surprising harmony between air pollution in Augusta, Georgia, and the frequency of Google searches for "Snoop Dogg." It seems that when the air is thick with pollutants, people turn to the lyrical prowess of Snoop Dogg for some fresh air – or at least, a rhythmic escape from the haze. It's as if the correlation between air pollution and Snoop Dogg searches is like a catchy beat that you just can't get out of your head, no matter how much you try – much like an earworm from your favorite tune.

The remarkable correlation coefficient and the p-value we obtained provide strong evidence for the relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. It's almost as statistically significant as finding pizza at a math convention – which is to say, highly significant! The strength of the correlation suggests that perhaps, in the grand musical score of life, air pollution and Snoop Dogg searches are harmonizing in an unexpected duet.

Now, it may seem like we've reached the peak of "doggone" fascinating research, but there's plenty more to explore in the world of environmental science and pop culture. However, when it comes to the connection between air pollution and Snoop Dogg searches, it seems we've found the missing puzzle piece – and it's shaped like a microphone. So, in the wise words of Snoop Dogg himself, we can confidently say, "Drop it like it's hot" – because further research in this area might just be like reinventing the wi-fi-connected wheel.

In the end, it's clear that this unusual connection inspires not only scientific inquiry but also a fair share of amusement. And isn't that what makes research truly "Snoop-tacular"? So, as we wrap up this study, let's enjoy this serendipitous discovery and perhaps, just for a moment, imagine Snoop Dogg crooning about particulate matter and ozone levels in the Augusta air.

With that, we assert that no further research is needed in this area. After all, when it comes to the blend of air pollution and Snoop Dogg, we've hit the high note of scientific exploration.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Clearing the Air: Investigating the High-Note Relationship Between Air Pollution in Augusta, Georgia, and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dogg'. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

Journal of Environmental Entertainment Studies

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Clearing the Air: Investigating the High-Note Relationship Between Air Pollution in Augusta, Georgia, and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dogg'. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Environmental Serendipity and Cultural Trends Analysis

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Clearing the Air: Investigating the High-Note Relationship Between Air Pollution in Augusta, Georgia, and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dogg' with an abstract of In this paper, we embark on a melodious journey to unravel the curious connection between air pollution in Augusta, Georgia, and the online quest for a certain canine-inspired rapper. Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we scrutinize the unmistakable link between the presence of air pollutants and the cyberspace pursuit of "Snoop Dogg." So, what's the air pollution's favorite Snoop Dogg song? "Gin and Air Tonic!" Our findings reveal a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9054210, with p < 0.01, spanning the years 2004 to 2021. This robust statistical relationship prompts us to ponder: could it be that as the pollution levels rise, so do the internet searches for the lyrical prowess of the one and only "Snoop Dogg"? Join us as we delve into this uncharted territory of environmental science and popular culture, unlocking the intriguing harmony between the two seemingly disparate realms.

ChatGPT:

air pollution, Augusta Georgia, Google searches, Snoop Dogg, Environmental Protection Agency, correlation coefficient, statistical relationship, internet searches, popular culture

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Air pollution in Augusta, Georgia
Detailed data title: Percentage of days with air quality at 'unhealthy for sensitive groups' or worse in Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air pollution in Augusta, Georgia

Google searches for 'snoop dog'
Detailed data title: Relative volume of Google searches for 'snoop dog' (Worldwide, without quotes)
Source: Google Trends
Additional Info: ^{See full details} Relative search volume (not absolute numbers)

See what else correlates with Google searches for 'snoop dog'

Correlation r = 0.9054210 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.8197872 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 82% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Google searches for 'snoop dog') is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Air pollution in Augusta, Georgia) over the 18 years from 2004 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 2.4E-7.^Show 0.0000002384319412586306600000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.91 in 2.4E-5% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 4,194,069 random variables^Note You don't actually need 4 million variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 17 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 17 because we have two variables measured over a period of 18 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.76, 0.96 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Air pollution in Augusta, Georgia (Bad air quality days)	6.55738	8.49315	6.84932	7.39726	5.19126	0.821918	1.64384	4.13223	1.63934	0.274725	0	0.273973	1.36612	0.547945	1.09589	0.547945	0.273224	1.91781
Google searches for 'snoop dog' (Rel. search volume)	50.8333	67.9167	40.5833	38.5	32.9167	24.3333	21.25	24.6667	17.75	13.5833	17.5	17.9167	15.25	11.25	9.41667	8.91667	9.41667	8.75

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,237 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 636,906,169 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([6.55738,8.49315,6.84932,7.39726,5.19126,0.821918,1.64384,4.13223,1.63934,0.274725,0,0.273973,1.36612,0.547945,1.09589,0.547945,0.273224,1.91781,])
array_2 = np.array([50.8333,67.9167,40.5833,38.5,32.9167,24.3333,21.25,24.6667,17.75,13.5833,17.5,17.9167,15.25,11.25,9.41667,8.91667,9.41667,8.75,])
array_1_name = "Air pollution in Augusta, Georgia"
array_2_name = "Google searches for 'snoop dog'"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Air pollution in Augusta, Georgia
Line chart for only Google searches for 'snoop dog'
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Clearing the Air: Investigating the High-Note Relationship Between Air Pollution in Augusta, Georgia, and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dogg'

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Correlation ID: 5571 · Black Variable ID: 20301 · Red Variable ID: 1526


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