Spurious correlation #5,323 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Votes for Libertarian Senators in California and the second variable is Kerosene used in French Polynesia. The chart goes from 1990 to 2010, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Votes for Libertarian Senators in California and the second variable is Kerosene used in French Polynesia. The chart goes from 1990 to 2010, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As Libertarian votes for Senators in California decreased, the collective sighs of disappointment and disillusionment from supporters created a subtle shift in air currents. These redirected winds ended up dispersing the smell of kerosene in French Polynesia, prompting locals to opt for more fragrant sources of energy, like coconut-scented candles and pineapple-infused biofuels. This unexpected olfactory influence led to a decrease in the overall demand for kerosene, as the people of French Polynesia embarked on a quest for a more aromatic and politically-charged atmosphere. So, it turns out, when it comes to air quality and political ideologies, the connection may just be in the scent-timents!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Prompt: Generate an image of a serene and misty forest in the world of Skyrim. In the foreground, depict the silhouette of a group of Libertarian supporters in California, with a tangible sense of disappointment. Meanwhile, in the background, visualize a serene scene in French Polynesia, where the air is shifting with the scent of kerosene, influencing the locals and their energy choices. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Votes for Libertarian Senators in California and Kerosene used in French Polynesia. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Charcoal Cute 2D animation a meme Magic realism A scene from Skyrim
ChatGPT: A scene from Skyrim

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Votes for Libertarian Senators in California and Kerosene used in French Polynesia, in the following situation: As Libertarian votes for Senators in California decreased, the collective sighs of disappointment and disillusionment from supporters created a subtle shift in air currents. These redirected winds ended up dispersing the smell of kerosene in French Polynesia, prompting locals to opt for more fragrant sources of energy, like coconut-scented candles and pineapple-infused biofuels. This unexpected olfactory influence led to a decrease in the overall demand for kerosene, as the people of French Polynesia embarked on a quest for a more aromatic and politically-charged atmosphere. So, it turns out, when it comes to air quality and political ideologies, the connection may just be in the scent-timents!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In California, Libertarian supporters expressed disappointment as their votes for Senators decreased. Their collective sighs shifted the air currents, carrying the scent of kerosene to French Polynesia. The locals, influenced by the unexpected fragrance, switched to more aromatic energy sources, leading to a decrease in kerosene demand.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A scene from Skyrim ] and depicting this scene: In California, Libertarian supporters expressed disappointment as their votes for Senators decreased. Their collective sighs shifted the air currents, carrying the scent of kerosene to French Polynesia. The locals, influenced by the unexpected fragrance, switched to more aromatic energy sources, leading to a decrease in kerosene demand. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Prompt: Generate an image of a serene and misty forest in the world of Skyrim. In the foreground, depict the silhouette of a group of Libertarian supporters in California, with a tangible sense of disappointment. Meanwhile, in the background, visualize a serene scene in French Polynesia, where the air is shifting with the scent of kerosene, influencing the locals and their energy choices.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how a decrease in Libertarian votes for Senators in California caused Kerosene used in French Polynesia to decrease. Make it feel plausible.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

From Liberté to Libertarians: Connecting California Senatorial Elections to Kerosene Consumption in French Polynesia

The Journal of Transdisciplinary Ethnographic Studies

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in California and Kerosene used in French Polynesia. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then devolve ever further, and mention something completely ridiculous, like you conducted literature review by reading the backs of shampoo bottles.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
From Liberté to Libertarians: Connecting California Senatorial Elections to Kerosene Consumption in French Polynesia

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study investigates the seemingly incongruent connection between the votes received by Libertarian candidates in California senatorial elections and the kerosene consumption patterns in French Polynesia. Despite initial skepticism, a compelling correlation was uncovered through the rigorous examination of data obtained from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration for the period spanning from 1990 to 2010. The findings reveal a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9630874 with p < 0.01, demonstrating a remarkably high association between these seemingly disparate variables. This unexpected nexus prompts a reevaluation of the interplay between political ideologies and energy usage across diverse geographical regions and underscores the potential for nuanced and unanticipated relationships in the realm of social, political, and environmental dynamics. The implications of these findings extend beyond the narrow scope of electoral behavior and energy consumption, inviting a broader reflection on the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated phenomena, as well as the need for interdisciplinary perspectives in scholarly inquiries.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
The enigmatic and seemingly paradoxical relationship between Libertarian votes in California senatorial elections and kerosene consumption in French Polynesia has long puzzled scholars and pundits alike. At first glance, one might be inclined to dismiss these seemingly unrelated variables as a mere statistical fluke or a cosmic joke played by the whimsical hand of fate. However, our inquisitive minds could not help but wonder if there might be more than meets the eye in this seeming hodgepodge of political leanings and energy usage.
In the annals of research, scholars have often sought to untangle the intricacies of causation and correlation, often wading through a sea of data with the fervent hope of surfacing on the shores of empirical truth. Indeed, one might even say that the pursuit of knowledge is akin to navigating a labyrinth of numbers, charts, and equations, not unlike a scholarly Minotaur brandishing statistical analyses instead of a formidable axe.
The aim of this study is not merely to establish a dry statistical connection between two seemingly unrelated variables, but to embark upon an intellectual odyssey into the heart of human behavior, societal dynamics, and, dare we say, the very fabric of reality itself. As we embark on this scholarly expedition, we are reminded of the words of the renowned physicist Richard Feynman, who famously quipped, "Nature uses only the longest threads to weave her patterns, so that each small piece of her fabric reveals the organization of the entire tapestry." With these words resonating in our minds, we set out to unravel the intricate tapestry that binds together the electoral proclivities of Californians and the illuminating glow of kerosene lamps in French Polynesia.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The purported nexus between Libertarian votes in California senatorial elections and kerosene consumption in French Polynesia has elicited a spectrum of scholarly inquiries and contemplations, as diverse as the variables themselves. Smith et al. (2015) analyzed electoral data and energy consumption patterns, positing a tenuous association between political proclivities and fuel usage, albeit without delving into the particular juxtaposition under investigation. Doe (2017) attempted to elucidate the complex interplay between ideological underpinnings and environmental dynamics, laying the groundwork for future explorations in this enigmatic terrain. Meanwhile, Jones (2019) sought to elucidate the nuanced rationale behind political affiliations and their purported impact on global energy usage, laying the groundwork for future explorations in this enigmatic terrain.

In "The Rational Choice of Energized Ideologies" by Johnson and Smith (2013), the authors speculate on the potential links between libertarianism and unconventional energy sources, providing a tangential allusion to our comparative examination. In a similar vein, "Energy Politics: A Global Survey" by Thompson and Brown (2016) offers a panoramic view of energy dynamics within the context of diverse political ideologies, offering a conceptual scaffold upon which to situate our investigation.

Venturing into a realm of speculative significance, one cannot discount the potential impacts of fictional narratives on public perceptions of energy and political alignments. Works such as "Atlas Shrugged" by Ayn Rand and "The Fountainhead" by the same author have permeated popular discourse on individualism and liberty, possibly influencing the electoral propensities of Californians in unforeseen ways. In the same spirit, the allure of adventure and insurgency portrayed in "The Count of Monte Cristo" by Alexandre Dumas may not be entirely divorced from the idiosyncratic libertarian leanings projected in California's political landscape.

In a rather unorthodox approach, anecdotal evidence from disparate sources, ranging from the uncannily consistent ingredient lists on shampoo bottles to the cryptic inscriptions on fast-food napkins, collectively offer an eclectic array of microcosms that might shed light on the clandestine machinations of public opinion. However, the veracity and scholarly rigor of these sources remain dubious at best and preposterous at worst, necessitating a return to more conventional epistemic pathways.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in California and Kerosene used in French Polynesia. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse and Energy Information Administration . You used data from 1990 to 2010

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
From Liberté to Libertarians: Connecting California Senatorial Elections to Kerosene Consumption in French Polynesia

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study investigates the seemingly incongruent connection between the votes received by Libertarian candidates in California senatorial elections and the kerosene consumption patterns in French Polynesia. Despite initial skepticism, a compelling correlation was uncovered through the rigorous examination of data obtained from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration for the period spanning from 1990 to 2010. The findings reveal a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9630874 with p < 0.01, demonstrating a remarkably high association between these seemingly disparate variables. This unexpected nexus prompts a reevaluation of the interplay between political ideologies and energy usage across diverse geographical regions and underscores the potential for nuanced and unanticipated relationships in the realm of social, political, and environmental dynamics. The implications of these findings extend beyond the narrow scope of electoral behavior and energy consumption, inviting a broader reflection on the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated phenomena, as well as the need for interdisciplinary perspectives in scholarly inquiries.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
The enigmatic and seemingly paradoxical relationship between Libertarian votes in California senatorial elections and kerosene consumption in French Polynesia has long puzzled scholars and pundits alike. At first glance, one might be inclined to dismiss these seemingly unrelated variables as a mere statistical fluke or a cosmic joke played by the whimsical hand of fate. However, our inquisitive minds could not help but wonder if there might be more than meets the eye in this seeming hodgepodge of political leanings and energy usage.
In the annals of research, scholars have often sought to untangle the intricacies of causation and correlation, often wading through a sea of data with the fervent hope of surfacing on the shores of empirical truth. Indeed, one might even say that the pursuit of knowledge is akin to navigating a labyrinth of numbers, charts, and equations, not unlike a scholarly Minotaur brandishing statistical analyses instead of a formidable axe.
The aim of this study is not merely to establish a dry statistical connection between two seemingly unrelated variables, but to embark upon an intellectual odyssey into the heart of human behavior, societal dynamics, and, dare we say, the very fabric of reality itself. As we embark on this scholarly expedition, we are reminded of the words of the renowned physicist Richard Feynman, who famously quipped, "Nature uses only the longest threads to weave her patterns, so that each small piece of her fabric reveals the organization of the entire tapestry." With these words resonating in our minds, we set out to unravel the intricate tapestry that binds together the electoral proclivities of Californians and the illuminating glow of kerosene lamps in French Polynesia.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

Data Collection:
The data utilized in this study were obtained from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration. The selection of these sources was not merely a matter of convenience, but a deliberate attempt to cast a wide net in the vast ocean of data, akin to an intrepid angler seeking to ensnare the elusive statistical truth. The data spanned the period from 1990 to 2010, encapsulating a wealth of information that allowed us to capture the ebb and flow of libertarian sentiments in the Golden State and juxtapose it against the flickering consumption of kerosene in the tropical paradise of French Polynesia.

Statistical Analysis:
The statistical analysis employed in this study resembled a meticulous dance of numbers, coefficients, and significance levels, akin to a carefully choreographed ballet where the lead dancers were correlation coefficients, p-values, and regression models gliding across the stage of statistical significance. Through rigorous regression and correlation analyses, we aimed to disentangle the seemingly enigmatic relationship between these variables, shedding light on the hidden threads that interconnected these disparate phenomena. Our statistical tools served as the proverbial compass, guiding us through the labyrinth of data and steering us towards the shores of empirical enlightenment.

Covariates and Control Variables:
In our quest for rigor and comprehensiveness, we accounted for an array of potential covariates and control variables that might exert a confounding influence on the observed relationship. Factors such as population demographics, economic indicators, and environmental variables were included in our analyses, ensuring that our findings were not merely a product of spurious correlations, but a robust reflection of the intricate interplay between political proclivities and energy consumption.

Ethical Considerations:
Throughout the course of this study, ethical considerations were paramount in guiding our research practices. The data utilized were duly sourced from reputable repositories and adhered to the principles of academic integrity and intellectual transparency. Any potential biases or conflicts of interest were rigorously addressed, ensuring that the findings presented herein were a faithful representation of the empirical terrain traversed in this scholarly expedition.

Limitations and Assumptions:
It is crucial to acknowledge the limitations and assumptions that underpin our research endeavor. While we strived to approach our data with the rigor of an Olympic athlete, there exist inherent constraints in the nature of observational data and the complexities of inferring causality from correlational analyses. Additionally, the generalizability of our findings may be bounded by the specific spatiotemporal contexts encompassed in our data, warranting caution in extrapolating these results to broader geopolitical landscapes.

In sum, the methodology adopted in this study represents a concerted effort to marry robust statistical analyses with a keen sensitivity to the underlying narratives woven within the data. Our approach aimed to transcend the mere mechanical exercise of crunching numbers, striving to unveil the intricate tapestry that binds together the electoral symphonies of California and the luminous ballet of kerosene consumption in French Polynesia.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in California and Kerosene used in French Polynesia. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
From Liberté to Libertarians: Connecting California Senatorial Elections to Kerosene Consumption in French Polynesia

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study investigates the seemingly incongruent connection between the votes received by Libertarian candidates in California senatorial elections and the kerosene consumption patterns in French Polynesia. Despite initial skepticism, a compelling correlation was uncovered through the rigorous examination of data obtained from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration for the period spanning from 1990 to 2010. The findings reveal a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9630874 with p < 0.01, demonstrating a remarkably high association between these seemingly disparate variables. This unexpected nexus prompts a reevaluation of the interplay between political ideologies and energy usage across diverse geographical regions and underscores the potential for nuanced and unanticipated relationships in the realm of social, political, and environmental dynamics. The implications of these findings extend beyond the narrow scope of electoral behavior and energy consumption, inviting a broader reflection on the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated phenomena, as well as the need for interdisciplinary perspectives in scholarly inquiries.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The purported nexus between Libertarian votes in California senatorial elections and kerosene consumption in French Polynesia has elicited a spectrum of scholarly inquiries and contemplations, as diverse as the variables themselves. Smith et al. (2015) analyzed electoral data and energy consumption patterns, positing a tenuous association between political proclivities and fuel usage, albeit without delving into the particular juxtaposition under investigation. Doe (2017) attempted to elucidate the complex interplay between ideological underpinnings and environmental dynamics, laying the groundwork for future explorations in this enigmatic terrain. Meanwhile, Jones (2019) sought to elucidate the nuanced rationale behind political affiliations and their purported impact on global energy usage, laying the groundwork for future explorations in this enigmatic terrain.
In "The Rational Choice of Energized Ideologies" by Johnson and Smith (2013), the authors speculate on the potential links between libertarianism and unconventional energy sources, providing a tangential allusion to our comparative examination. In a similar vein, "Energy Politics: A Global Survey" by Thompson and Brown (2016) offers a panoramic view of energy dynamics within the context of diverse political ideologies, offering a conceptual scaffold upon which to situate our investigation.
Venturing into a realm of speculative significance, one cannot discount the potential impacts of fictional narratives on public perceptions of energy and political alignments. Works such as "Atlas Shrugged" by Ayn Rand and "The Fountainhead" by the same author have permeated popular discourse on individualism and liberty, possibly influencing the electoral propensities of Californians in unforeseen ways. In the same spirit, the allure of adventure and insurgency portrayed in "The Count of Monte Cristo" by Alexandre Dumas may not be entirely divorced from the idiosyncratic libertarian leanings projected in California's political landscape.
In a rather unorthodox approach, anecdotal evidence from disparate sources, ranging from the uncannily consistent ingredient lists on shampoo bottles to the cryptic inscriptions on fast-food napkins, collectively offer an eclectic array of microcosms that might shed light on the clandestine machinations of public opinion. However, the veracity and scholarly rigor of these sources remain dubious at best and preposterous at worst, necessitating a return to more conventional epistemic pathways.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our investigation yielded a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9630874, with an r-squared value of 0.9275374 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a highly significant association between the Libertarian votes in California senatorial elections and kerosene consumption in French Polynesia. It seems that these seemingly unrelated variables have engaged in a clandestine dance across the Pacific, their fates intertwined in a statistical pas de deux that defies conventional wisdom.
Figure 1 illustrates the robust relationship between these two variables, showing a scatterplot that is as tightly knit as a well-organized statistical quilt. The data points align themselves with a sense of purpose, as if they were determined to reveal their covert connection to the discerning eye of the researcher.
Upon reflection, one cannot help but marvel at the unexpected convergence of political inclinations and energy choices across vast distances and disparate cultures. It is almost as if the universe has conspired to orchestrate this statistical symphony, teasing the inquisitive minds of scholars with its enigmatic melody.
In light of these findings, it becomes evident that the interplay between political ideologies and energy consumption is far more intricate and multifaceted than previously envisioned. This unanticipated nexus challenges the conventional boundaries of academic inquiry, beckoning us to explore the hidden corridors of causation and correlation with a renewed appreciation for the whimsical twists and turns of statistical fate.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The striking correlation between Libertarian votes in California senatorial elections and kerosene consumption in French Polynesia brings to the forefront a paradoxical entanglement that challenges traditional conceptions of causality. The unexpected alignment of these seemingly disparate variables opens a veritable Pandora's box of speculation, prompting a reconsideration of the intricate interplay between political leanings and energy choices. While the initial skepticism surrounding this incongruous association was palpable, the robust findings of this investigation lend credence to the notion that statistical serendipity may indeed hold sway over the enigmatic dance of variables.

Drawing from the labyrinthine world of scholarly inquiries, this study echoes the prescient musings of Smith et al. (2015) regarding the latent connections between political proclivities and fuel usage. The unequivocal correlation coefficient of 0.9630874 mirrors the tenuous threads woven by Doe (2017) in unraveling the complex interplay between ideological underpinnings and environmental dynamics. Indeed, the statistical embrace between Libertarian votes and kerosene consumption stands as a testament to the unexpected resonances that echo through the annals of empirical research.

The captivating correlation unveiled in this study not only sheds light on the seemingly incongruous nexus between political ideologies and energy utilization but also underscores the entwined destinies of diverse geographical regions. It is as if the inscrutable dance of statistical fate has beckoned these variables to partake in an unconventional tango across the Pacific, defying the constraints of conventional wisdom and inviting contemplation of the clandestine forces that govern their convergence.

At the nexus of statistical symphony and unsuspecting dance partners lies a metaphorical conundrum that challenges the rigidity of disciplinary boundaries and beckons contemplation of the capricious nature of empirical inquiry. The resultant statistical quilt, woven with the intricacies of Libertarian votes and kerosene consumption, presents a tapestry of unexpected correlations that defies mundane interpretations and demands a renewed appreciation for the whimsical twists and turns of statistical fate.

In conclusion, the unexpected nexus between Libertarian votes in California senatorial elections and kerosene consumption in French Polynesia serves as a poignant reminder of the clandestine machinations of statistical serendipity and the unanticipated connections that weave through the fabric of empirical inquiry.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in California and Kerosene used in French Polynesia. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
From Liberté to Libertarians: Connecting California Senatorial Elections to Kerosene Consumption in French Polynesia

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study investigates the seemingly incongruent connection between the votes received by Libertarian candidates in California senatorial elections and the kerosene consumption patterns in French Polynesia. Despite initial skepticism, a compelling correlation was uncovered through the rigorous examination of data obtained from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration for the period spanning from 1990 to 2010. The findings reveal a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9630874 with p < 0.01, demonstrating a remarkably high association between these seemingly disparate variables. This unexpected nexus prompts a reevaluation of the interplay between political ideologies and energy usage across diverse geographical regions and underscores the potential for nuanced and unanticipated relationships in the realm of social, political, and environmental dynamics. The implications of these findings extend beyond the narrow scope of electoral behavior and energy consumption, inviting a broader reflection on the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated phenomena, as well as the need for interdisciplinary perspectives in scholarly inquiries.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
The enigmatic and seemingly paradoxical relationship between Libertarian votes in California senatorial elections and kerosene consumption in French Polynesia has long puzzled scholars and pundits alike. At first glance, one might be inclined to dismiss these seemingly unrelated variables as a mere statistical fluke or a cosmic joke played by the whimsical hand of fate. However, our inquisitive minds could not help but wonder if there might be more than meets the eye in this seeming hodgepodge of political leanings and energy usage.
In the annals of research, scholars have often sought to untangle the intricacies of causation and correlation, often wading through a sea of data with the fervent hope of surfacing on the shores of empirical truth. Indeed, one might even say that the pursuit of knowledge is akin to navigating a labyrinth of numbers, charts, and equations, not unlike a scholarly Minotaur brandishing statistical analyses instead of a formidable axe.
The aim of this study is not merely to establish a dry statistical connection between two seemingly unrelated variables, but to embark upon an intellectual odyssey into the heart of human behavior, societal dynamics, and, dare we say, the very fabric of reality itself. As we embark on this scholarly expedition, we are reminded of the words of the renowned physicist Richard Feynman, who famously quipped, "Nature uses only the longest threads to weave her patterns, so that each small piece of her fabric reveals the organization of the entire tapestry." With these words resonating in our minds, we set out to unravel the intricate tapestry that binds together the electoral proclivities of Californians and the illuminating glow of kerosene lamps in French Polynesia.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our investigation yielded a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9630874, with an r-squared value of 0.9275374 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a highly significant association between the Libertarian votes in California senatorial elections and kerosene consumption in French Polynesia. It seems that these seemingly unrelated variables have engaged in a clandestine dance across the Pacific, their fates intertwined in a statistical pas de deux that defies conventional wisdom.
Figure 1 illustrates the robust relationship between these two variables, showing a scatterplot that is as tightly knit as a well-organized statistical quilt. The data points align themselves with a sense of purpose, as if they were determined to reveal their covert connection to the discerning eye of the researcher.
Upon reflection, one cannot help but marvel at the unexpected convergence of political inclinations and energy choices across vast distances and disparate cultures. It is almost as if the universe has conspired to orchestrate this statistical symphony, teasing the inquisitive minds of scholars with its enigmatic melody.
In light of these findings, it becomes evident that the interplay between political ideologies and energy consumption is far more intricate and multifaceted than previously envisioned. This unanticipated nexus challenges the conventional boundaries of academic inquiry, beckoning us to explore the hidden corridors of causation and correlation with a renewed appreciation for the whimsical twists and turns of statistical fate.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our investigation has unearthed a captivating correlation between Libertarian votes in California senatorial elections and kerosene consumption in French Polynesia. This unexpected nexus has left us pondering the whimsical dance of statistical fate and the enigmatic interplay between political ideologies and energy choices. It seems that even in the realm of research, the universe enjoys a good statistical jest, weaving together seemingly unrelated variables like a mischievous cosmic seamstress.

As we reflect on the remarkable correlation coefficient and the remarkably tight scatterplot, we cannot help but appreciate the statistical choreography at play here. It's as if the data points themselves were in cahoots, conspiring to defy conventional wisdom and reveal their clandestine connection right under our noses.

The implications of these findings extend beyond the narrow confines of academic inquiry, inviting us to reconsider the underlying forces that shape electoral behavior and energy usage across diverse geographical regions. It seems that statistical revelations, much like political ideologies, can traverse great distances and illuminate unexpected corners of human behavior.

In essence, our scholarly sojourn into the intertwining realms of political leanings and energy consumption has not only unveiled a compelling correlation but has also underscored the profound interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated phenomena. It appears that the tapestry of statistical inquiry is woven with threads of whimsy and surprise, reminding us that the pursuit of knowledge is not merely an intellectual endeavor but a waltz with the capricious nature of empirical truth.

In light of these revelatory findings, we assert that no further research is warranted in this area. The statistical symphony that has unfolded before us stands as a testament to the delightful unpredictability of scholarly pursuits. Thus, we bid adieu to the enigmatic connection between Libertarians and kerosene, with the hope that future inquiries may unravel equally surprising statistical pas de deux in the vast expanse of research.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited From Liberté to Libertarians: Connecting California Senatorial Elections to Kerosene Consumption in French Polynesia. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Transdisciplinary Ethnographic Studies

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited From Liberté to Libertarians: Connecting California Senatorial Elections to Kerosene Consumption in French Polynesia. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Transnational Policy Research

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled From Liberté to Libertarians: Connecting California Senatorial Elections to Kerosene Consumption in French Polynesia with an abstract of This study investigates the seemingly incongruent connection between the votes received by Libertarian candidates in California senatorial elections and the kerosene consumption patterns in French Polynesia. Despite initial skepticism, a compelling correlation was uncovered through the rigorous examination of data obtained from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and the Energy Information Administration for the period spanning from 1990 to 2010. The findings reveal a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9630874 with p < 0.01, demonstrating a remarkably high association between these seemingly disparate variables. This unexpected nexus prompts a reevaluation of the interplay between political ideologies and energy usage across diverse geographical regions and underscores the potential for nuanced and unanticipated relationships in the realm of social, political, and environmental dynamics. The implications of these findings extend beyond the narrow scope of electoral behavior and energy consumption, inviting a broader reflection on the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated phenomena, as well as the need for interdisciplinary perspectives in scholarly inquiries.

ChatGPT:

Libertarian candidates, California senatorial elections, kerosene consumption, French Polynesia, correlation, data analysis, MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, Energy Information Administration, political ideologies, energy usage, geographical regions, social dynamics, political dynamics, environmental dynamics, interdisciplinary perspectives

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Votes for Libertarian Senators in California
Detailed data title: Percentage of votes cast for Federal Libertarian Senate candidates in California
Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse
See what else correlates with Votes for Libertarian Senators in California

Kerosene used in French Polynesia
Detailed data title: Volume of kerosene used consumed in French Polynesia in millions of barrels per day
Source: Energy Information Administration
See what else correlates with Kerosene used in French Polynesia

Correlation r = 0.9630874 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.9275374 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 92.8% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Kerosene used in French Polynesia) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Votes for Libertarian Senators in California) over the 7 years from 1990 through 2010.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 0.00049.^Show 0.0004928868375869966000000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.96 in 0.049% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 2,029 random variables^Note Which I absolutely did.
with the same 6 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 6 because we have two variables measured over a period of 7 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.76, 0.99 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	1992	1994	1998	2000	2004	2006	2010
Votes for Libertarian Senators in California (Percentage of votes)	4.4826	2.10357	1.13002	1.76699	1.79637	1.56707	1.75239
Kerosene used in French Polynesia (Million Barrels/Day)	0.04224	0.02117	0.02117	0.0211202	0.0211202	0.0211781	0.0211781

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,237 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 636,906,169 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Very low n: There are not many data points included in this analysis. Even if the p-value is high, we should be suspicious of using so few datapoints in a correlation.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([4.4826,2.10357,1.13002,1.76699,1.79637,1.56707,1.75239,])
array_2 = np.array([0.04224,0.02117,0.02117,0.0211202,0.0211202,0.0211781,0.0211781,])
array_1_name = "Votes for Libertarian Senators in California"
array_2_name = "Kerosene used in French Polynesia"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Votes for Libertarian Senators in California
Line chart for only Kerosene used in French Polynesia
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: From Liberté to Libertarians: Connecting California Senatorial Elections to Kerosene Consumption in French Polynesia

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Correlation ID: 5323 · Black Variable ID: 26355 · Red Variable ID: 24432


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