Spurious correlation #5,074 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Popularity of the first name Kianna and the second variable is Air pollution in Harrison, Arkansas. The chart goes from 1986 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Popularity of the first name Kianna and the second variable is Air pollution in Harrison, Arkansas. The chart goes from 1986 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

More people were buying personalized car air fresheners with overly fragrant scents like "Kiwi Kianna" and "Tropical Kianna Breeze," leading to a surge in localized air pollution from Harrison's rush hour traffic. Looks like Kianna's rise to the top was just a little too air-o-dynamic for Harrison!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image of a bustling downtown street in Harrison, Arkansas, during rush hour. Show a row of cars with the sun setting in the background, emitting a warm glow. Strands of pollution gradually spread and linger around the colorful "Kiwi Kianna" and "Tropical Kianna Breeze" car air fresheners hanging from rearview mirrors, hinting at the impact of their heavy scents on the urban air quality. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Popularity of the first name Kianna and Air pollution in Harrison, Arkansas. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Realistic Macabre High-tech Cute 2D animation Cute cartoon
ChatGPT: Realistic

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Popularity of the first name Kianna and Air pollution in Harrison, Arkansas, in the following situation: More people were buying personalized car air fresheners with overly fragrant scents like "Kiwi Kianna" and "Tropical Kianna Breeze," leading to a surge in localized air pollution from Harrison's rush hour traffic. Looks like Kianna's rise to the top was just a little too air-o-dynamic for Harrison!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In Harrison, Arkansas, the smell of "Kiwi Kianna" and "Tropical Kianna Breeze" car air fresheners filled the air as they hung from rearview mirrors. Despite their popularity, these heavily scented air fresheners contributed to a noticeable increase in air pollution around the busy downtown area during rush hour.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Realistic ] and depicting this scene: In Harrison, Arkansas, the smell of "Kiwi Kianna" and "Tropical Kianna Breeze" car air fresheners filled the air as they hung from rearview mirrors. Despite their popularity, these heavily scented air fresheners contributed to a noticeable increase in air pollution around the busy downtown area during rush hour. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image of a bustling downtown street in Harrison, Arkansas, during rush hour. Show a row of cars with the sun setting in the background, emitting a warm glow. Strands of pollution gradually spread and linger around the colorful "Kiwi Kianna" and "Tropical Kianna Breeze" car air fresheners hanging from rearview mirrors, hinting at the impact of their heavy scents on the urban air quality.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Popularity of the first name Kianna caused Air pollution in Harrison, Arkansas to increase. Add a funny one-liner at the end.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Kianna Clear: The Relationship Between the Popularity of the Name Kianna and Air Pollution in Harrison, Arkansas

Journal of Quirky Sociological Studies

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Kianna and Air pollution in Harrison, Arkansas. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name a couple popular internet memes that are related to one of the topics.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Kianna Clear: The Relationship Between the Popularity of the Name Kianna and Air Pollution in Harrison, Arkansas

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the intriguing connection between the popularity of the first name "Kianna" and the levels of air pollution in the quaint town of Harrison, Arkansas. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency, we conducted a comprehensive analysis to settle the burning question, "Is there a correlation, or is it just a lot of hot air?"

Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9031187 and a p-value less than 0.01, spanning the years 1986 to 2022. This suggests a strong positive association between the rise in popularity of the name "Kianna" and the increase in air pollution levels in Harrison. It seems the air quality might be inversely proportional to the number of Kiannas running about, which, one might say, "blows" our minds!

Needless to say, these results have left us "gassed up" with excitement and presented us with an "air-raising" revelation. The implications of these findings extend beyond the scope of mere popularity trends and environmental factors, opening up avenues for further exploration and leaving a lingering "smog" of curiosity in the air.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The study of human behavior and its interaction with environmental factors has been a topic of great interest in various fields of research. From the impact of urbanization on bird migration patterns to the correlation between coffee intake and the likelihood of spontaneous philosophical pondering, researchers have left no stone unturned in their quest to unravel the mysteries of our world. Today, we venture into uncharted territory, exploring the captivating relationship between the popularity of the first name "Kianna" and the levels of air pollution in the picturesque town of Harrison, Arkansas.
As we embark on this journey, it is crucial to acknowledge the levity in the air - and no, I'm not just referring to the particulate matter. With a name like "Kianna Clear," we can't resist the temptation to sprinkle in a dash of humor amidst the scientific discourse. After all, why should research be as dry as the desert air when it can be as breezy and refreshing as a seaside promenade?
The connection between a name and environmental factors may seem whimsical at first glance, but as any seasoned researcher will tell you, the world is a symphony of intricately woven threads, and every seemingly inconsequential detail may hold the key to unlocking profound truths. Much like the way a good dad joke can brighten the gloomiest of days, uncovering the relationship between the popularity of the name "Kianna" and the levels of air pollution in Harrison, Arkansas has the potential to add a splash of color to the data-driven landscape of environmental research.
With the abstract revealing a striking correlation coefficient and a p-value that made statisticians do a double take, it appears that our findings are more than just a case of "nothing but hot air." One might say that the rise in popularity of the name "Kianna" has left a trail of more than just social chatter. It seems to have blown a gust of statistical significance into the atmospheric conditions of Harrison, Arkansas, creating a "wind" of change that cannot be ignored.
So, as we immerse ourselves in this research endeavor, let us embrace the unexpected, the quirky, and the downright punny. For in the quest for knowledge, a well-timed dad joke may just be the breath of fresh air we never knew we needed.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

In "Smith et al.," the authors find that there is a positive correlation between the popularity of the name "Kianna" and air pollution levels in various regions of the United States. Similarly, Doe and Jones note in their study that the geographical distribution of Kianna’s correlates with environmental factors, particularly in smaller towns such as Harrison, Arkansas.
Now, it's time to take a deep breath and dive into the literature on the subject, but not too deep, or you might inhale some of the air pollution we're discussing. After all, we wouldn't want our readers to be left breathless by anything other than the suspense of our groundbreaking findings. Speaking of which, did you hear about the atmospheric physicist who got cold? It wasn't the flu; he just had too many air particles going through his nose!
Turning to popular non-fiction books related to the topic at hand, "The Air We Breathe" by Figueroa explores the interconnectedness of air quality and human health, shedding light on the potential impact of sociocultural factors such as name popularity. Additionally, "Breathless" by Grant delves into the societal implications of air pollution, drawing parallels that might surprise even the most astute researchers. One might say these books are truly "air-levant" to our study.
On the fiction side of the literary spectrum, "The Name of the Wind" by Patrick Rothfuss may not directly address air pollution, but its title certainly resonates with our investigation into the rise of "Kianna" and the winds of change it brings. Meanwhile, "Gone with the Wind" by Margaret Mitchell captures the essence of our findings - as the popularity of Kianna rises, it seems that clean air in Harrison is indeed "gone with the wind." We may need to start calling it "Kianna's Gusty Hometown" instead!
Shifting gears to the online realm, the "This is Fine" meme, featuring a dog surrounded by fire, seems to encapsulate the spirit of our findings - the increasing popularity of "Kianna" amidst rising air pollution levels may indeed prompt some to adopt a "this is fine" mentality. But fear not, dear reader, for our research promises to offer more than just a dog with a cup of coffee in a burning room. We aim to uncover the underlying mechanisms and implications with a humor-infused twist that you wouldn't find in a regular, run-of-the-mill academic paper.
Ah, the winds of knowledge are blowing, and they carry with them the promise of insight, laughter, and perhaps a groan or two at the mention of yet another dad joke. So sit back, take a deep breath (but not too deep), and let's embark on this whimsical yet illuminating journey through the literature that surrounds the connection between the name "Kianna" and the air pollution in Harrison, Arkansas.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Kianna and Air pollution in Harrison, Arkansas. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from US Social Security Administration and Environmental Protection Agency . You used data from 1986 to 2022

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Kianna Clear: The Relationship Between the Popularity of the Name Kianna and Air Pollution in Harrison, Arkansas

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the intriguing connection between the popularity of the first name "Kianna" and the levels of air pollution in the quaint town of Harrison, Arkansas. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency, we conducted a comprehensive analysis to settle the burning question, "Is there a correlation, or is it just a lot of hot air?"

Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9031187 and a p-value less than 0.01, spanning the years 1986 to 2022. This suggests a strong positive association between the rise in popularity of the name "Kianna" and the increase in air pollution levels in Harrison. It seems the air quality might be inversely proportional to the number of Kiannas running about, which, one might say, "blows" our minds!

Needless to say, these results have left us "gassed up" with excitement and presented us with an "air-raising" revelation. The implications of these findings extend beyond the scope of mere popularity trends and environmental factors, opening up avenues for further exploration and leaving a lingering "smog" of curiosity in the air.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The study of human behavior and its interaction with environmental factors has been a topic of great interest in various fields of research. From the impact of urbanization on bird migration patterns to the correlation between coffee intake and the likelihood of spontaneous philosophical pondering, researchers have left no stone unturned in their quest to unravel the mysteries of our world. Today, we venture into uncharted territory, exploring the captivating relationship between the popularity of the first name "Kianna" and the levels of air pollution in the picturesque town of Harrison, Arkansas.
As we embark on this journey, it is crucial to acknowledge the levity in the air - and no, I'm not just referring to the particulate matter. With a name like "Kianna Clear," we can't resist the temptation to sprinkle in a dash of humor amidst the scientific discourse. After all, why should research be as dry as the desert air when it can be as breezy and refreshing as a seaside promenade?
The connection between a name and environmental factors may seem whimsical at first glance, but as any seasoned researcher will tell you, the world is a symphony of intricately woven threads, and every seemingly inconsequential detail may hold the key to unlocking profound truths. Much like the way a good dad joke can brighten the gloomiest of days, uncovering the relationship between the popularity of the name "Kianna" and the levels of air pollution in Harrison, Arkansas has the potential to add a splash of color to the data-driven landscape of environmental research.
With the abstract revealing a striking correlation coefficient and a p-value that made statisticians do a double take, it appears that our findings are more than just a case of "nothing but hot air." One might say that the rise in popularity of the name "Kianna" has left a trail of more than just social chatter. It seems to have blown a gust of statistical significance into the atmospheric conditions of Harrison, Arkansas, creating a "wind" of change that cannot be ignored.
So, as we immerse ourselves in this research endeavor, let us embrace the unexpected, the quirky, and the downright punny. For in the quest for knowledge, a well-timed dad joke may just be the breath of fresh air we never knew we needed.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To delve into the fascinating relationship between the popularity of the first name "Kianna" and the levels of air pollution in Harrison, Arkansas, we assembled a team of intrepid researchers whose dedication could rival that of a kid trying to win a game of "Tag." This team scoured the depths of the internet (and perhaps made a detour or two to watch cat videos) to collect data from reputable sources such as the US Social Security Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency. We focused our analysis on data spanning the years 1986 to 2022, creating a timeline that would make even the most punctual of trains envious.

Our first order of business was to extract and compile the annual rankings of the name "Kianna" from the US Social Security Administration database. This involved sifting through vast digital archives with the tenacity of a dog searching for buried bones, ensuring that no data point was left unturned in our pursuit of statistical enlightenment. We then plotted the trajectory of Kianna's popularity over time, creating a visual representation that, one might say, "drew" us in with its captivating patterns.

Simultaneously, we obtained air pollution data for Harrison, Arkansas, from the Environmental Protection Agency. Our method of obtaining this data involved carefully navigating through a labyrinth of environmental reports, akin to navigating a maze where the prize at the end is the sweet satisfaction of finding the perfect dataset. We meticulously extracted information on air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter, painting a virtual portrait of Harrison's atmospheric composition.

The next phase of our methodology involved unleashing the formidable power of statistical analysis. Armed with the tools of correlation coefficients and p-values, we set out to unravel the potential link between the rise of Kiannas and the ebb and flow of pollutants in the Harrison air. We employed rigorous statistical tests, conducting our analyses with a level of precision that would make a laser beam feel inadequate.

In order to account for potential confounding variables, we further conducted a series of supplementary analyses, akin to peeling layers off an onion to get to the core of the matter. We scrutinized demographic changes, economic shifts, and even the price of avocados in attempts to ensure that our findings were as robust as a sturdy oak tree in a storm.

Lastly, we engaged in thorough sensitivity analyses and validation procedures, ensuring that our results stood firm in the face of scrutiny. We questioned our findings with the persistence of a curious toddler asking "why" for the umpteenth time, leaving no stone unturned in our quest for scientific rigor.

In the spirit of full disclosure, it is important to note that our methodology may have involved the consumption of copious amounts of coffee, with the caffeine intake bordering on legendary proportions. This, of course, raises the tantalizing possibility that the transient jitteriness may have inadvertently fueled our statistical prowess, making this research a testament to the unexpected perks of a well-caffeinated mind.

With our data secured, our analyses executed, and our puns at the ready, we ventured forth into the realm of empirical inquiry, determined to uncover the mysteries that lie at the intersection of nomenclature and atmospheric composition.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Kianna and Air pollution in Harrison, Arkansas. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Kianna Clear: The Relationship Between the Popularity of the Name Kianna and Air Pollution in Harrison, Arkansas

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the intriguing connection between the popularity of the first name "Kianna" and the levels of air pollution in the quaint town of Harrison, Arkansas. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency, we conducted a comprehensive analysis to settle the burning question, "Is there a correlation, or is it just a lot of hot air?"

Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9031187 and a p-value less than 0.01, spanning the years 1986 to 2022. This suggests a strong positive association between the rise in popularity of the name "Kianna" and the increase in air pollution levels in Harrison. It seems the air quality might be inversely proportional to the number of Kiannas running about, which, one might say, "blows" our minds!

Needless to say, these results have left us "gassed up" with excitement and presented us with an "air-raising" revelation. The implications of these findings extend beyond the scope of mere popularity trends and environmental factors, opening up avenues for further exploration and leaving a lingering "smog" of curiosity in the air.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In "Smith et al.," the authors find that there is a positive correlation between the popularity of the name "Kianna" and air pollution levels in various regions of the United States. Similarly, Doe and Jones note in their study that the geographical distribution of Kianna’s correlates with environmental factors, particularly in smaller towns such as Harrison, Arkansas.
Now, it's time to take a deep breath and dive into the literature on the subject, but not too deep, or you might inhale some of the air pollution we're discussing. After all, we wouldn't want our readers to be left breathless by anything other than the suspense of our groundbreaking findings. Speaking of which, did you hear about the atmospheric physicist who got cold? It wasn't the flu; he just had too many air particles going through his nose!
Turning to popular non-fiction books related to the topic at hand, "The Air We Breathe" by Figueroa explores the interconnectedness of air quality and human health, shedding light on the potential impact of sociocultural factors such as name popularity. Additionally, "Breathless" by Grant delves into the societal implications of air pollution, drawing parallels that might surprise even the most astute researchers. One might say these books are truly "air-levant" to our study.
On the fiction side of the literary spectrum, "The Name of the Wind" by Patrick Rothfuss may not directly address air pollution, but its title certainly resonates with our investigation into the rise of "Kianna" and the winds of change it brings. Meanwhile, "Gone with the Wind" by Margaret Mitchell captures the essence of our findings - as the popularity of Kianna rises, it seems that clean air in Harrison is indeed "gone with the wind." We may need to start calling it "Kianna's Gusty Hometown" instead!
Shifting gears to the online realm, the "This is Fine" meme, featuring a dog surrounded by fire, seems to encapsulate the spirit of our findings - the increasing popularity of "Kianna" amidst rising air pollution levels may indeed prompt some to adopt a "this is fine" mentality. But fear not, dear reader, for our research promises to offer more than just a dog with a cup of coffee in a burning room. We aim to uncover the underlying mechanisms and implications with a humor-infused twist that you wouldn't find in a regular, run-of-the-mill academic paper.
Ah, the winds of knowledge are blowing, and they carry with them the promise of insight, laughter, and perhaps a groan or two at the mention of yet another dad joke. So sit back, take a deep breath (but not too deep), and let's embark on this whimsical yet illuminating journey through the literature that surrounds the connection between the name "Kianna" and the air pollution in Harrison, Arkansas.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data collected from the US Social Security Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency has revealed a remarkable correlation between the popularity of the first name "Kianna" and air pollution levels in Harrison, Arkansas. Our findings indicated a correlation coefficient of 0.9031187, an r-squared value of 0.8156234, and a p-value of less than 0.01, confirming a strong positive association between these seemingly unrelated variables. The relationship between Kianna and pollution is nothing to sneeze at – well, unless you're caught in a dust storm!
Fig. 1 presents a scatterplot illustrating the robust correlation between the rise in Kiannas and the increase in air pollution levels in Harrison, Arkansas. This visual representation unmistakably demonstrates the striking trend observed in the data, prompting us to exclaim, "Air we go again with these unexpected connections!"
The statistical analysis leaves little room for doubt and raises intriguing questions about the underlying mechanisms driving this curious relationship. It seems that as the number of Kiannas in Harrison increased, so did the levels of air pollution, leading us to speculate about the potential impact of popular names on atmospheric conditions. Who knew that the air quality in a town could be influenced by the ebb and flow of trendy names? Maybe it's time to introduce "Name Quality Index" as a new environmental metric? Just a thought!
The implications of these findings extend beyond mere curiosity and offer a fresh perspective on the interconnectedness of human behavior and environmental outcomes. It's clear that the influence of Kiannas on air pollution is more than just a puff of hot air – it's a substantial phenomenon with tangible statistical backing. If data could speak, it might just say, "You take my breath away, Kianna!"
In conclusion, the results of our analysis highlight a robust and significant relationship between the popularity of the name "Kianna" and air pollution levels in Harrison, Arkansas. This unusual connection serves as a reminder that in the realm of data, surprises are always in the air, and that sometimes, the most unexpected relationships can be uncovered in the most unassuming places. Who knew that a simple name could have such far-reaching implications for environmental factors? It seems that the link between Kianna and air pollution is more than just a whisper in the wind – it's a statistical shout that demands further exploration and consideration.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our study sought to unravel the enigmatic link between the rising popularity of the first name "Kianna" and the levels of air pollution in Harrison, Arkansas. As our findings have unveiled a significant positive correlation between these seemingly disparate variables, it's safe to say that the connection is not just blowing hot air – it's a breath of fresh, albeit polluted, air in the field of social and environmental research.

Our results align with previous studies by Smith et al. and Doe and Jones, which also highlighted the positive association between the prevalence of Kiannas and air pollution levels in different regions of the United States. It seems clear that the winds of data are blowing in the same direction, emphasizing the robustness of this intriguing relationship. One might even say it feels like we're riding a statistical jet stream of discovery!

When we look at the figures presented in Fig. 1 – the scatterplot depicting the exponential rise in Kiannas alongside the surge in air pollution levels – it's hard not to be struck by the compelling visual evidence. The correlation coefficient of 0.9031187 reflects a compellingly tight relationship, leaving us with more than just a whiff of statistical significance – it's a bona fide gale of association. It's as if the data is whispering, "Let's clear the air about the Kianna phenomenon."

Furthermore, our results give rise to thought-provoking questions about the potential mechanisms underlying this unexpected correlation. Could there be an unexplored sociocultural factor at play? Or perhaps it's a classic case of causation being mistaken for correlation, like confusing wind energy for a sudden gust of Kianna popularity!

The "Kianna effect" on air pollution levels in Harrison serves as a testament to the intricacies of human behavior and its unanticipated repercussions on the environment. This discovery introduces a whimsical yet compelling angle to the discourse on the dynamics between social trends and atmospheric conditions. It's almost as if Kianna is not just a name, but an atmospheric force to be reckoned with – a veritable "hurri-Kianna" altering the town's environmental landscape!

In essence, our findings do more than just raise eyebrows; they propel us into a gust of excitement about the uncharted territories opened up by this unexpected link. It's a reminder that even in the milieu of academic research, surprises are just waiting to "blow" our minds. It's time we recognize that sometimes, the most inconspicuous factors – like a name – can leave an indelible imprint on the world around us, taking up the mantle of a metaphorical fresh breeze or, in this case, an unfortunate ambient pollutant!

As we continue to ponder the implications of this research, it's certain that the Kianna-air pollution connection has opened up a realm of possibilities for further investigation, inviting researchers to take a deep breath and dive into the uncharted air currents of sociocultural impact on environmental phenomena. Who knew that studying names could be so "air-resistibly" intriguing?

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Kianna and Air pollution in Harrison, Arkansas. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Kianna Clear: The Relationship Between the Popularity of the Name Kianna and Air Pollution in Harrison, Arkansas

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the intriguing connection between the popularity of the first name "Kianna" and the levels of air pollution in the quaint town of Harrison, Arkansas. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency, we conducted a comprehensive analysis to settle the burning question, "Is there a correlation, or is it just a lot of hot air?"

Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9031187 and a p-value less than 0.01, spanning the years 1986 to 2022. This suggests a strong positive association between the rise in popularity of the name "Kianna" and the increase in air pollution levels in Harrison. It seems the air quality might be inversely proportional to the number of Kiannas running about, which, one might say, "blows" our minds!

Needless to say, these results have left us "gassed up" with excitement and presented us with an "air-raising" revelation. The implications of these findings extend beyond the scope of mere popularity trends and environmental factors, opening up avenues for further exploration and leaving a lingering "smog" of curiosity in the air.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The study of human behavior and its interaction with environmental factors has been a topic of great interest in various fields of research. From the impact of urbanization on bird migration patterns to the correlation between coffee intake and the likelihood of spontaneous philosophical pondering, researchers have left no stone unturned in their quest to unravel the mysteries of our world. Today, we venture into uncharted territory, exploring the captivating relationship between the popularity of the first name "Kianna" and the levels of air pollution in the picturesque town of Harrison, Arkansas.
As we embark on this journey, it is crucial to acknowledge the levity in the air - and no, I'm not just referring to the particulate matter. With a name like "Kianna Clear," we can't resist the temptation to sprinkle in a dash of humor amidst the scientific discourse. After all, why should research be as dry as the desert air when it can be as breezy and refreshing as a seaside promenade?
The connection between a name and environmental factors may seem whimsical at first glance, but as any seasoned researcher will tell you, the world is a symphony of intricately woven threads, and every seemingly inconsequential detail may hold the key to unlocking profound truths. Much like the way a good dad joke can brighten the gloomiest of days, uncovering the relationship between the popularity of the name "Kianna" and the levels of air pollution in Harrison, Arkansas has the potential to add a splash of color to the data-driven landscape of environmental research.
With the abstract revealing a striking correlation coefficient and a p-value that made statisticians do a double take, it appears that our findings are more than just a case of "nothing but hot air." One might say that the rise in popularity of the name "Kianna" has left a trail of more than just social chatter. It seems to have blown a gust of statistical significance into the atmospheric conditions of Harrison, Arkansas, creating a "wind" of change that cannot be ignored.
So, as we immerse ourselves in this research endeavor, let us embrace the unexpected, the quirky, and the downright punny. For in the quest for knowledge, a well-timed dad joke may just be the breath of fresh air we never knew we needed.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data collected from the US Social Security Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency has revealed a remarkable correlation between the popularity of the first name "Kianna" and air pollution levels in Harrison, Arkansas. Our findings indicated a correlation coefficient of 0.9031187, an r-squared value of 0.8156234, and a p-value of less than 0.01, confirming a strong positive association between these seemingly unrelated variables. The relationship between Kianna and pollution is nothing to sneeze at – well, unless you're caught in a dust storm!
Fig. 1 presents a scatterplot illustrating the robust correlation between the rise in Kiannas and the increase in air pollution levels in Harrison, Arkansas. This visual representation unmistakably demonstrates the striking trend observed in the data, prompting us to exclaim, "Air we go again with these unexpected connections!"
The statistical analysis leaves little room for doubt and raises intriguing questions about the underlying mechanisms driving this curious relationship. It seems that as the number of Kiannas in Harrison increased, so did the levels of air pollution, leading us to speculate about the potential impact of popular names on atmospheric conditions. Who knew that the air quality in a town could be influenced by the ebb and flow of trendy names? Maybe it's time to introduce "Name Quality Index" as a new environmental metric? Just a thought!
The implications of these findings extend beyond mere curiosity and offer a fresh perspective on the interconnectedness of human behavior and environmental outcomes. It's clear that the influence of Kiannas on air pollution is more than just a puff of hot air – it's a substantial phenomenon with tangible statistical backing. If data could speak, it might just say, "You take my breath away, Kianna!"
In conclusion, the results of our analysis highlight a robust and significant relationship between the popularity of the name "Kianna" and air pollution levels in Harrison, Arkansas. This unusual connection serves as a reminder that in the realm of data, surprises are always in the air, and that sometimes, the most unexpected relationships can be uncovered in the most unassuming places. Who knew that a simple name could have such far-reaching implications for environmental factors? It seems that the link between Kianna and air pollution is more than just a whisper in the wind – it's a statistical shout that demands further exploration and consideration.

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Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In closing, our study has blown the lid off the enthralling connection between the popularity of the name "Kianna" and air pollution levels in Harrison, Arkansas. The robust correlation coefficient and statistically significant p-value have left us feeling more ecstatic than a kite caught in an air current – it's as clear as the pristine sky on a pollution-free day.

As we reflect on these findings, one can't help but marvel at the unexpected twists of fate in the world of research. Who would have thought that a name could leave such an indelible mark on environmental conditions? It's almost as surprising as finding out that a mushroom can be the life of the party – talk about a fun(gi) revelation!

The implications of this connection transcend the realms of mere statistical inquiry, presenting an "air-raising" revelation that beckons for further exploration. It makes one ponder whether we should start considering a "Kianna emissions tax," for every Kianna in Harrison might just be contributing to the town's pollution levels. Who knew that a name could carry such weight? It's as if the very air in Harrison is whispering, "Kianna Clear – it's a breath of fresh air, quite literally."

In light of these groundbreaking findings, it is our firm belief that no further research in this area is necessary. We've turned over every (polluted) stone and uncovered the surprising truth. It's safe to say that we've air-rrived at a conclusion that leaves no room for doubt. As they say, sometimes the most unlikely connections turn out to be the most revealing. It's as if the research universe has a sense of humor – much like a well-timed dad joke at a scientific conference, it keeps us on our toes and reminds us that even the most serious of pursuits can be sprinkled with a bit of levity.

So, with our findings in hand, we bid adieu to the study of Kiannas and air pollution in Harrison, Arkansas, leaving behind a trail of statistical significance and a whiff of unexpected insight. After all, in the wild world of scientific inquiry, every "Kianna" has its "clear"-cut revelations.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Kianna Clear: The Relationship Between the Popularity of the Name Kianna and Air Pollution in Harrison, Arkansas. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

Journal of Quirky Sociological Studies

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Kianna Clear: The Relationship Between the Popularity of the Name Kianna and Air Pollution in Harrison, Arkansas. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Quirky Social Phenomena Research

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Kianna Clear: The Relationship Between the Popularity of the Name Kianna and Air Pollution in Harrison, Arkansas with an abstract of In this study, we delve into the intriguing connection between the popularity of the first name "Kianna" and the levels of air pollution in the quaint town of Harrison, Arkansas. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency, we conducted a comprehensive analysis to settle the burning question, "Is there a correlation, or is it just a lot of hot air?"
Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9031187 and a p-value less than 0.01, spanning the years 1986 to 2022. This suggests a strong positive association between the rise in popularity of the name "Kianna" and the increase in air pollution levels in Harrison. It seems the air quality might be inversely proportional to the number of Kiannas running about, which, one might say, "blows" our minds!
Needless to say, these results have left us "gassed up" with excitement and presented us with an "air-raising" revelation. The implications of these findings extend beyond the scope of mere popularity trends and environmental factors, opening up avenues for further exploration and leaving a lingering "smog" of curiosity in the air.

ChatGPT:

Kianna, Air pollution, Harrison, Arkansas, Name popularity, Correlation, Environmental data, US Social Security Administration, EPA, Air quality, Pollution levels, Data analysis, Trend analysis, Harrison air pollution, Kianna name popularity

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Popularity of the first name Kianna
Detailed data title: Babies of all sexes born in the US named Kianna
Source: US Social Security Administration
See what else correlates with Popularity of the first name Kianna

Air pollution in Harrison, Arkansas
Detailed data title: Percentage of days with moderate or worse air quality in Harrison, AR
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air pollution in Harrison, Arkansas

Correlation r = 0.9031187 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.8156234 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 81.6% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Air pollution in Harrison, Arkansas) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Popularity of the first name Kianna) over the 37 years from 1986 through 2022.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 2.08E-14.^Show 0.0000000000000208110905301440
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.9 in 2.08E-12% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 48,051,302,191,567 random variables^Note You don't actually need 48 trillion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 36 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 36 because we have two variables measured over a period of 37 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.82, 0.95 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Popularity of the first name Kianna (Babies born)	42	43	71	80	119	112	181	179	262	376	366	366	353	399	401	379	362	303	328	300	356	319	271	248	246	205	179	145	104	110	106	106	113	98	122	137	134
Air pollution in Harrison, Arkansas (Bad air quality days)	0.0406977	0	0	0	0	0	0.183824	0.173669	0.256906	0.207386	0.224658	0.284123	0.326027	0.362069	0.292011	0.240896	0.222841	0.276243	0.211111	0.239011	0.322314	0.247253	0.18956	0.101695	0.20274	0.219178	0.226776	0.126027	0.0794521	0.0657534	0.0437158	0.0465753	0.0769231	0.0493151	0.0274725	0.0493151	0.060274

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([42,43,71,80,119,112,181,179,262,376,366,366,353,399,401,379,362,303,328,300,356,319,271,248,246,205,179,145,104,110,106,106,113,98,122,137,134,])
array_2 = np.array([0.0406977,0,0,0,0,0,0.183824,0.173669,0.256906,0.207386,0.224658,0.284123,0.326027,0.362069,0.292011,0.240896,0.222841,0.276243,0.211111,0.239011,0.322314,0.247253,0.18956,0.101695,0.20274,0.219178,0.226776,0.126027,0.0794521,0.0657534,0.0437158,0.0465753,0.0769231,0.0493151,0.0274725,0.0493151,0.060274,])
array_1_name = "Popularity of the first name Kianna"
array_2_name = "Air pollution in Harrison, Arkansas"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Popularity of the first name Kianna
Line chart for only Air pollution in Harrison, Arkansas
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Kianna Clear: The Relationship Between the Popularity of the Name Kianna and Air Pollution in Harrison, Arkansas

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Correlation ID: 5074 · Black Variable ID: 3111 · Red Variable ID: 21825


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