Spurious correlation #5,002 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air quality in Lexington, Kentucky and the second variable is Google searches for 'how to immigrate to canada'. The chart goes from 2004 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air quality in Lexington, Kentucky and the second variable is Google searches for 'how to immigrate to canada'. The chart goes from 2004 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

People were finally able to think clearly and make important life decisions, like immigrating to Canada, without the haze of pollution clouding their judgment. With each breath of fresh, clean air, the idea of starting a new life in the Great White North seemed more appealing. As the smog lifted, so did their aspirations for a Canadian citizenship. It's like their lungs were filled with dreams of maple syrup and polite apologies, propelling them to seek a better, cleaner future across the northern border.

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image that captures the serenity of a clear blue sky over Lexington, Kentucky. In the scene, people are seen engaging with their smartphones, presumably searching for information on how to immigrate to Canada. The absence of pollution creates an atmosphere of clarity and optimism, as individuals breathe in the fresh air and envision a cleaner future in the Great White North. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Air quality in Lexington, Kentucky and Google searches for 'how to immigrate to canada'. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Celtic art Woodblock painting A TIME magazine cover image Oragami Cyber folk
ChatGPT: A TIME magazine cover image

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Air quality in Lexington, Kentucky and Google searches for 'how to immigrate to canada', in the following situation: People were finally able to think clearly and make important life decisions, like immigrating to Canada, without the haze of pollution clouding their judgment. With each breath of fresh, clean air, the idea of starting a new life in the Great White North seemed more appealing. As the smog lifted, so did their aspirations for a Canadian citizenship. It's like their lungs were filled with dreams of maple syrup and polite apologies, propelling them to seek a better, cleaner future across the northern border.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a clear blue sky over Lexington, Kentucky, people breathe in fresh air and look up 'how to immigrate to Canada' on their phones. The absence of pollution clears their minds and ignites their dreams of a clean future in the Great White North.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A TIME magazine cover image ] and depicting this scene: In a clear blue sky over Lexington, Kentucky, people breathe in fresh air and look up 'how to immigrate to Canada' on their phones. The absence of pollution clears their minds and ignites their dreams of a clean future in the Great White North. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image that captures the serenity of a clear blue sky over Lexington, Kentucky. In the scene, people are seen engaging with their smartphones, presumably searching for information on how to immigrate to Canada. The absence of pollution creates an atmosphere of clarity and optimism, as individuals breathe in the fresh air and envision a cleaner future in the Great White North.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how increases in Air quality in Lexington, Kentucky positively influenced how to immigrate to canada (Google searches for 'how to immigrate to canada'). Make it feel plausible.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Clearing the Air or Seeking Greener Pastures: The Relationship Between Air Quality in Lexington, Kentucky and Google Searches for 'How to Immigrate to Canada'

The Journal of Environmental Psychology and Migration Studies

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air quality in Lexington, Kentucky and Google searches for 'how to immigrate to canada'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then devolve ever further, and mention something completely ridiculous, like you conducted literature review by reading CVS receipts.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Clearing the Air or Seeking Greener Pastures: The Relationship Between Air Quality in Lexington, Kentucky and Google Searches for 'How to Immigrate to Canada'

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the intriguing relationship between air quality in Lexington, Kentucky, and the frequency of Google searches for 'how to immigrate to Canada'. Our research team took a breath of fresh air by utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency to assess the air quality index in Lexington, while leveraging Google Trends data to quantify the search interest for immigrating to the Great White North.

Our analysis uncovered a significant correlation between air quality and the desire to escape to the land of maple syrup and politeness. With a correlation coefficient of 0.8490576 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning 2004 to 2023, it's clear that the quality of air has a tangible impact on people's aspirations for relocation. It seems that for some, the allure of crisp Canadian air is just too intoxicating to resist, especially when faced with less-than-stellar air quality in their current locale.

As we dug deeper into the data, it became apparent that individuals in Lexington, Kentucky, experiencing lower air quality were more inclined to seek solace in the idea of migrating to Canada. Whether it's the promise of clean air, the company of friendly moose, or simply a longing for colder temperatures, it appears that the appeal of immigrating to Canada is not purely coincidental – it may just be a breath of fresh air for those seeking a change of scenery.

Aside from shedding light on this curious connection, our findings also serve as a reminder that air quality can have profound effects on human behavior and aspirations. So, the next time someone in Lexington starts browsing Canadian immigration websites, perhaps it's not just a passing curiosity – it might very well be a quest for a lungful of untainted air and a lifetime supply of poutine.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
Clean air and the desire to escape to Canada – this intriguing connection has left many scratching their heads and reaching for their inhalers. It's a tale as old as time: when the air quality in a place takes a nosedive, the thought of packing one's bags and heading north to the land of Mounties and maple leaves might just start floating around in one's mind. But is there any scientific merit to this whimsical notion, or are we simply blowing hot air?
As the saying goes, "I told my wife she should embrace her mistakes; she gave me a hug." And in that spirit, we embarked on a journey to embrace the curious relationship between air quality in Lexington, Kentucky, and the frequency of Google searches for 'how to immigrate to Canada'. It's a tale of two data sets – one measuring the cleanliness of the air, and the other capturing the yearning for a fresh start in the Great White North. But together, they may just reveal a hidden connection that has eluded us for far too long.
Our research team took a deep breath and dived into the murky depths of environmental and search data with both gusto and caution, much like a novice attempting to inhale the elusive bouquet of a fine wine. We sought to unravel the enigma of why individuals in Lexington, Kentucky, experiencing poor air quality might find themselves daydreaming about donning a toque and sipping on some Tim Hortons coffee.
The stakes were high, the air was thick with possibilities, and like a pun enthusiast with a thesaurus, we were determined to unearth a wealth of insights that might just take our breath away – metaphorically, of course. In doing so, we hope to not only shed light on this unusual correlation but also to showcase the profound influence of air quality on human aspirations. Because after all, what's a study on the desire to immigrate to Canada without a few breath-taking observations?

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

In their seminal work, Smith and Doe (2015) delved into the impact of air quality on human behavior and aspirations. Their findings revealed a compelling correlation between poor air quality and the inclination to seek refuge in cleaner, fresher environments. The authors posited that the allure of migrating to countries with superior air quality, such as Canada, may be a natural response to the detrimental effects of pollution and smog on individuals' physical and mental well-being.

In "Air Quality and Human Migration," Jones (2017) explored the connection between environmental factors and the propensity for individuals to consider relocation. The study highlighted the role of pristine air in shaping individuals' perceptions of quality of life and desirability of a particular location. The author noted that regions with subpar air quality may experience higher levels of interest in emigration to countries renowned for their pristine natural environments and crisp, unpolluted air.

But let's not forget Mark Twain's classic "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn," where the protagonist embarks on a journey that could be seen as a metaphor for seeking cleaner air and greener pastures. Speaking of which, did you hear about the claustrophobic astronaut? He just needed a little space.

In a contemporary context, "The Air He Breathes" by Brittainy C. Cherry presents a fictional narrative that intertwines the themes of air quality and the yearning for a fresh start. While not a scholarly work per se, the novel provides insight into the human desire for cleaner air and a new beginning, weaving a tale that resonates with the very essence of our research question. Plus, it's a breath of fresh air in the world of romantic fiction.

As we wandered further into the scholarly landscape, the whimsical allure of "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" seemed to beckon. Although seemingly unrelated, the notion of seeking refuge in a magical realm (or emigrating to Hogwarts, for that matter) bears a striking resemblance to the desire to escape to the enchanting landscapes and pristine air of Canada. Sometimes, a dash of fantasy can breathe new life into the study of human behavior – or at least provide a cauldron full of unexpected parallels between seemingly unrelated concepts.

In an effort to broaden our understanding, we didn't shy away from unconventional sources. Our literature review extended to realms beyond the traditional, encompassing a thorough perusal of fictional works, urban legends, and even the cryptic messages hidden within CVS receipts. It turns out that those lengthy till tapes may hold the secrets to the human inclination to seek refuge in the Great White North – either that or an exclusive deal on toothpaste and potato chips.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air quality in Lexington, Kentucky and Google searches for 'how to immigrate to canada'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends . You used data from 2004 to 2023

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Clearing the Air or Seeking Greener Pastures: The Relationship Between Air Quality in Lexington, Kentucky and Google Searches for 'How to Immigrate to Canada'

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the intriguing relationship between air quality in Lexington, Kentucky, and the frequency of Google searches for 'how to immigrate to Canada'. Our research team took a breath of fresh air by utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency to assess the air quality index in Lexington, while leveraging Google Trends data to quantify the search interest for immigrating to the Great White North.

Our analysis uncovered a significant correlation between air quality and the desire to escape to the land of maple syrup and politeness. With a correlation coefficient of 0.8490576 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning 2004 to 2023, it's clear that the quality of air has a tangible impact on people's aspirations for relocation. It seems that for some, the allure of crisp Canadian air is just too intoxicating to resist, especially when faced with less-than-stellar air quality in their current locale.

As we dug deeper into the data, it became apparent that individuals in Lexington, Kentucky, experiencing lower air quality were more inclined to seek solace in the idea of migrating to Canada. Whether it's the promise of clean air, the company of friendly moose, or simply a longing for colder temperatures, it appears that the appeal of immigrating to Canada is not purely coincidental – it may just be a breath of fresh air for those seeking a change of scenery.

Aside from shedding light on this curious connection, our findings also serve as a reminder that air quality can have profound effects on human behavior and aspirations. So, the next time someone in Lexington starts browsing Canadian immigration websites, perhaps it's not just a passing curiosity – it might very well be a quest for a lungful of untainted air and a lifetime supply of poutine.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
Clean air and the desire to escape to Canada – this intriguing connection has left many scratching their heads and reaching for their inhalers. It's a tale as old as time: when the air quality in a place takes a nosedive, the thought of packing one's bags and heading north to the land of Mounties and maple leaves might just start floating around in one's mind. But is there any scientific merit to this whimsical notion, or are we simply blowing hot air?
As the saying goes, "I told my wife she should embrace her mistakes; she gave me a hug." And in that spirit, we embarked on a journey to embrace the curious relationship between air quality in Lexington, Kentucky, and the frequency of Google searches for 'how to immigrate to Canada'. It's a tale of two data sets – one measuring the cleanliness of the air, and the other capturing the yearning for a fresh start in the Great White North. But together, they may just reveal a hidden connection that has eluded us for far too long.
Our research team took a deep breath and dived into the murky depths of environmental and search data with both gusto and caution, much like a novice attempting to inhale the elusive bouquet of a fine wine. We sought to unravel the enigma of why individuals in Lexington, Kentucky, experiencing poor air quality might find themselves daydreaming about donning a toque and sipping on some Tim Hortons coffee.
The stakes were high, the air was thick with possibilities, and like a pun enthusiast with a thesaurus, we were determined to unearth a wealth of insights that might just take our breath away – metaphorically, of course. In doing so, we hope to not only shed light on this unusual correlation but also to showcase the profound influence of air quality on human aspirations. Because after all, what's a study on the desire to immigrate to Canada without a few breath-taking observations?

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To investigate the connection between air quality in Lexington, Kentucky, and the frequency of Google searches for 'how to immigrate to Canada', our research team employed a multi-pronged approach that was as methodical as it was whimsical.

Firstly, we obtained air quality data from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the duration of 2004 to 2023. The EPA's Air Quality Index (AQI) provided a comprehensive measure of air pollution levels, including various pollutants such as ground-level ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. This allowed us to gauge the overall air quality in Lexington and track any fluctuations over the years.

In tandem, we harnessed the power of Google Trends, a tool as versatile as duct tape in the hands of a DIY enthusiast, to capture the search interest over time for the specific query 'how to immigrate to Canada' within the geographical region of Lexington, Kentucky. The search interest data, presented as a relative scale from 0 to 100, reflected the intensity of individuals' curiosity or contemplation regarding Canadian immigration, akin to peeking through a window into the collective daydreams of the populace.

With a calculated blend of data scrutiny and statistical alchemy, we took a deep dive into the vast ocean of information, navigating the waves of correlation analysis, time series modeling, and the occasional whirlpool of outlier detection. It was a journey that required equal parts precision and a willingness to go with the flow – much like attempting to ride a unicycle while juggling flaming torches in a scientific circus.

By applying an array of statistical techniques, including cross-correlation analysis and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) modeling, we endeavored to discern any discernible patterns and relationships between the fluctuations in air quality and the ebbs and flows of Google searches for Canadian immigration guidance. It was a puzzle worthy of the most intrepid of detectives, and we relished every opportunity to unravel its mysteries.

In addition, we augmented our quantitative analyses with qualitative insights gathered from interviews and surveys within the Lexington community. These interactions provided a human touch to our investigation, offering valuable anecdotes and perspectives that added color to the canvas of our findings. It was akin to sprinkling a pinch of salt on a scientific dish, enriching the flavor and lending a relatable dimension to our rigorous data-driven exploration.

Much like a moth drawn to a flame, our research team embraced the allure of this enigmatic linkage between air quality and Canadian immigration aspirations, allowing our scientific curiosity to soar amidst the crisp, unpolluted realms of inquiry. And while the road to discovery may have been paved with complex methodologies and analytical acrobatics, we navigated it with the spirit of jesters in a court of scholarly exploration, occasionally pausing to appreciate the comedic timing of our statistical findings – for as they say, "I told my wife she should embrace her mistakes; she gave me a hug".

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air quality in Lexington, Kentucky and Google searches for 'how to immigrate to canada'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends .

For the time period 2004 to 2023, you found a correlation 0.8490576, r-squared of 0.7208988, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Clearing the Air or Seeking Greener Pastures: The Relationship Between Air Quality in Lexington, Kentucky and Google Searches for 'How to Immigrate to Canada'

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the intriguing relationship between air quality in Lexington, Kentucky, and the frequency of Google searches for 'how to immigrate to Canada'. Our research team took a breath of fresh air by utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency to assess the air quality index in Lexington, while leveraging Google Trends data to quantify the search interest for immigrating to the Great White North.

Our analysis uncovered a significant correlation between air quality and the desire to escape to the land of maple syrup and politeness. With a correlation coefficient of 0.8490576 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning 2004 to 2023, it's clear that the quality of air has a tangible impact on people's aspirations for relocation. It seems that for some, the allure of crisp Canadian air is just too intoxicating to resist, especially when faced with less-than-stellar air quality in their current locale.

As we dug deeper into the data, it became apparent that individuals in Lexington, Kentucky, experiencing lower air quality were more inclined to seek solace in the idea of migrating to Canada. Whether it's the promise of clean air, the company of friendly moose, or simply a longing for colder temperatures, it appears that the appeal of immigrating to Canada is not purely coincidental – it may just be a breath of fresh air for those seeking a change of scenery.

Aside from shedding light on this curious connection, our findings also serve as a reminder that air quality can have profound effects on human behavior and aspirations. So, the next time someone in Lexington starts browsing Canadian immigration websites, perhaps it's not just a passing curiosity – it might very well be a quest for a lungful of untainted air and a lifetime supply of poutine.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
Clean air and the desire to escape to Canada – this intriguing connection has left many scratching their heads and reaching for their inhalers. It's a tale as old as time: when the air quality in a place takes a nosedive, the thought of packing one's bags and heading north to the land of Mounties and maple leaves might just start floating around in one's mind. But is there any scientific merit to this whimsical notion, or are we simply blowing hot air?
As the saying goes, "I told my wife she should embrace her mistakes; she gave me a hug." And in that spirit, we embarked on a journey to embrace the curious relationship between air quality in Lexington, Kentucky, and the frequency of Google searches for 'how to immigrate to Canada'. It's a tale of two data sets – one measuring the cleanliness of the air, and the other capturing the yearning for a fresh start in the Great White North. But together, they may just reveal a hidden connection that has eluded us for far too long.
Our research team took a deep breath and dived into the murky depths of environmental and search data with both gusto and caution, much like a novice attempting to inhale the elusive bouquet of a fine wine. We sought to unravel the enigma of why individuals in Lexington, Kentucky, experiencing poor air quality might find themselves daydreaming about donning a toque and sipping on some Tim Hortons coffee.
The stakes were high, the air was thick with possibilities, and like a pun enthusiast with a thesaurus, we were determined to unearth a wealth of insights that might just take our breath away – metaphorically, of course. In doing so, we hope to not only shed light on this unusual correlation but also to showcase the profound influence of air quality on human aspirations. Because after all, what's a study on the desire to immigrate to Canada without a few breath-taking observations?

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The statistical analysis revealed a robust and statistically significant correlation between air quality in Lexington, Kentucky, and the frequency of Google searches for 'how to immigrate to Canada'. The correlation coefficient of 0.8490576 and an r-squared value of 0.7208988 indicated a strong relationship between these variables over the period from 2004 to 2023. The p-value of less than 0.01 further reinforced the significance of this association, leaving little room for doubt and providing stronger evidence than a double-paned window in a blustery Canadian winter.

As illustrated in the scatterplot (Fig. 1), the data points formed a clear upward trend, resembling a determined mountaineer embarking on a journey toward the land of poutine and apologies. Each point on the plot seemed to echo the sentiments of individuals seeking a breath of fresh air, figuratively and quite possibly, literally.

This correlation may not come as a gasp-inducing revelation to those familiar with the effects of air quality on human behavior – it appears that the desire to inhale clean, crisp air extends beyond the boundaries of mere physical comfort. It seems that individuals in Lexington, Kentucky, facing suboptimal air quality were more inclined to turn their gaze northward, perhaps envisioning a life filled with the scent of pine and the sound of "eh" in every sentence.

Dad joke alert: "Why do Canadians make good comedians? Because they always deliver their lines with impeccable timing – just like our data revealing the punctuality of the correlation between air quality and Canadian aspirations!"

In conclusion, our findings emphasize the palpable impact of air quality on the human psyche and aspirations. With a nod to our neighbors to the north, it's apparent that a longing for a change in environmental surroundings may very well be the driving force behind the thought of immigrating to Canada. This study, therefore, not only sheds light on an unexpected correlation but also serves as a reminder that when it comes to human behavior, the air we breathe may play a silent yet influential role in shaping our dreams and aspirations.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air quality in Lexington, Kentucky and Google searches for 'how to immigrate to canada'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Clearing the Air or Seeking Greener Pastures: The Relationship Between Air Quality in Lexington, Kentucky and Google Searches for 'How to Immigrate to Canada'

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the intriguing relationship between air quality in Lexington, Kentucky, and the frequency of Google searches for 'how to immigrate to Canada'. Our research team took a breath of fresh air by utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency to assess the air quality index in Lexington, while leveraging Google Trends data to quantify the search interest for immigrating to the Great White North.

Our analysis uncovered a significant correlation between air quality and the desire to escape to the land of maple syrup and politeness. With a correlation coefficient of 0.8490576 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning 2004 to 2023, it's clear that the quality of air has a tangible impact on people's aspirations for relocation. It seems that for some, the allure of crisp Canadian air is just too intoxicating to resist, especially when faced with less-than-stellar air quality in their current locale.

As we dug deeper into the data, it became apparent that individuals in Lexington, Kentucky, experiencing lower air quality were more inclined to seek solace in the idea of migrating to Canada. Whether it's the promise of clean air, the company of friendly moose, or simply a longing for colder temperatures, it appears that the appeal of immigrating to Canada is not purely coincidental – it may just be a breath of fresh air for those seeking a change of scenery.

Aside from shedding light on this curious connection, our findings also serve as a reminder that air quality can have profound effects on human behavior and aspirations. So, the next time someone in Lexington starts browsing Canadian immigration websites, perhaps it's not just a passing curiosity – it might very well be a quest for a lungful of untainted air and a lifetime supply of poutine.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In their seminal work, Smith and Doe (2015) delved into the impact of air quality on human behavior and aspirations. Their findings revealed a compelling correlation between poor air quality and the inclination to seek refuge in cleaner, fresher environments. The authors posited that the allure of migrating to countries with superior air quality, such as Canada, may be a natural response to the detrimental effects of pollution and smog on individuals' physical and mental well-being.
In "Air Quality and Human Migration," Jones (2017) explored the connection between environmental factors and the propensity for individuals to consider relocation. The study highlighted the role of pristine air in shaping individuals' perceptions of quality of life and desirability of a particular location. The author noted that regions with subpar air quality may experience higher levels of interest in emigration to countries renowned for their pristine natural environments and crisp, unpolluted air.
But let's not forget Mark Twain's classic "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn," where the protagonist embarks on a journey that could be seen as a metaphor for seeking cleaner air and greener pastures. Speaking of which, did you hear about the claustrophobic astronaut? He just needed a little space.
In a contemporary context, "The Air He Breathes" by Brittainy C. Cherry presents a fictional narrative that intertwines the themes of air quality and the yearning for a fresh start. While not a scholarly work per se, the novel provides insight into the human desire for cleaner air and a new beginning, weaving a tale that resonates with the very essence of our research question. Plus, it's a breath of fresh air in the world of romantic fiction.
As we wandered further into the scholarly landscape, the whimsical allure of "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" seemed to beckon. Although seemingly unrelated, the notion of seeking refuge in a magical realm (or emigrating to Hogwarts, for that matter) bears a striking resemblance to the desire to escape to the enchanting landscapes and pristine air of Canada. Sometimes, a dash of fantasy can breathe new life into the study of human behavior – or at least provide a cauldron full of unexpected parallels between seemingly unrelated concepts.
In an effort to broaden our understanding, we didn't shy away from unconventional sources. Our literature review extended to realms beyond the traditional, encompassing a thorough perusal of fictional works, urban legends, and even the cryptic messages hidden within CVS receipts. It turns out that those lengthy till tapes may hold the secrets to the human inclination to seek refuge in the Great White North – either that or an exclusive deal on toothpaste and potato chips.

[[RESULTS]]
The statistical analysis revealed a robust and statistically significant correlation between air quality in Lexington, Kentucky, and the frequency of Google searches for 'how to immigrate to Canada'. The correlation coefficient of 0.8490576 and an r-squared value of 0.7208988 indicated a strong relationship between these variables over the period from 2004 to 2023. The p-value of less than 0.01 further reinforced the significance of this association, leaving little room for doubt and providing stronger evidence than a double-paned window in a blustery Canadian winter.
As illustrated in the scatterplot (Fig. 1), the data points formed a clear upward trend, resembling a determined mountaineer embarking on a journey toward the land of poutine and apologies. Each point on the plot seemed to echo the sentiments of individuals seeking a breath of fresh air, figuratively and quite possibly, literally.
This correlation may not come as a gasp-inducing revelation to those familiar with the effects of air quality on human behavior – it appears that the desire to inhale clean, crisp air extends beyond the boundaries of mere physical comfort. It seems that individuals in Lexington, Kentucky, facing suboptimal air quality were more inclined to turn their gaze northward, perhaps envisioning a life filled with the scent of pine and the sound of "eh" in every sentence.
Dad joke alert: "Why do Canadians make good comedians? Because they always deliver their lines with impeccable timing – just like our data revealing the punctuality of the correlation between air quality and Canadian aspirations!"
In conclusion, our findings emphasize the palpable impact of air quality on the human psyche and aspirations. With a nod to our neighbors to the north, it's apparent that a longing for a change in environmental surroundings may very well be the driving force behind the thought of immigrating to Canada. This study, therefore, not only sheds light on an unexpected correlation but also serves as a reminder that when it comes to human behavior, the air we breathe may play a silent yet influential role in shaping our dreams and aspirations.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The results of our study corroborate the findings of Smith and Doe (2015) and Jones (2017), affirming the notable connection between air quality and the inclination to seek sanctuary in more pristine environments. It appears that the allure of migrating to Canada in the face of inferior air quality is not just a flight of fancy; rather, it is a tangible response to the adverse effects of pollution and smog on individuals' overall well-being.

Much like the determined mountaineer on a journey to higher altitudes, our data points traversed an upward trend on the scatterplot, mirroring the ascent of individuals yearning for the refreshing environs and courteous company of our Canadian neighbors. In essence, those inclined to entertain the thought of migration were, in a way, embracing the idea of a breath of fresh air – both literally and figuratively.

Peppering our serious discussion with a dash of levity, it wouldn't be remiss to reflect on the penchant for punctuality that seems to be imbued in our Canadian counterparts. After all, the timely correlation between air quality and Canadian aspirations revealed in our data is reminiscent of a well-rehearsed comedic routine – convincing in its timing and delivery.

As we consider the broader implications of our findings, we are reminded of the potent influence that the environment, particularly air quality, exerts on human behavior and aspirations. In this light, perhaps the allure of immigrating to Canada is not solely rooted in the promise of clean air and picturesque landscapes, but also in the deeply ingrained human desire for a fresh start, much like the protagonist in "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn." Speaking of desires, have you heard about the restaurant on the moon? Great food, no atmosphere.

Overall, our research underscores not only an unexpected correlation but also the quiet yet profound role that air quality plays in shaping the aspirations and dreams of individuals. It offers a whimsical yet enlightening glimpse into the curious ways in which the air we breathe can influence the paths we choose to tread.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air quality in Lexington, Kentucky and Google searches for 'how to immigrate to canada'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Clearing the Air or Seeking Greener Pastures: The Relationship Between Air Quality in Lexington, Kentucky and Google Searches for 'How to Immigrate to Canada'

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the intriguing relationship between air quality in Lexington, Kentucky, and the frequency of Google searches for 'how to immigrate to Canada'. Our research team took a breath of fresh air by utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency to assess the air quality index in Lexington, while leveraging Google Trends data to quantify the search interest for immigrating to the Great White North.

Our analysis uncovered a significant correlation between air quality and the desire to escape to the land of maple syrup and politeness. With a correlation coefficient of 0.8490576 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning 2004 to 2023, it's clear that the quality of air has a tangible impact on people's aspirations for relocation. It seems that for some, the allure of crisp Canadian air is just too intoxicating to resist, especially when faced with less-than-stellar air quality in their current locale.

As we dug deeper into the data, it became apparent that individuals in Lexington, Kentucky, experiencing lower air quality were more inclined to seek solace in the idea of migrating to Canada. Whether it's the promise of clean air, the company of friendly moose, or simply a longing for colder temperatures, it appears that the appeal of immigrating to Canada is not purely coincidental – it may just be a breath of fresh air for those seeking a change of scenery.

Aside from shedding light on this curious connection, our findings also serve as a reminder that air quality can have profound effects on human behavior and aspirations. So, the next time someone in Lexington starts browsing Canadian immigration websites, perhaps it's not just a passing curiosity – it might very well be a quest for a lungful of untainted air and a lifetime supply of poutine.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
Clean air and the desire to escape to Canada – this intriguing connection has left many scratching their heads and reaching for their inhalers. It's a tale as old as time: when the air quality in a place takes a nosedive, the thought of packing one's bags and heading north to the land of Mounties and maple leaves might just start floating around in one's mind. But is there any scientific merit to this whimsical notion, or are we simply blowing hot air?
As the saying goes, "I told my wife she should embrace her mistakes; she gave me a hug." And in that spirit, we embarked on a journey to embrace the curious relationship between air quality in Lexington, Kentucky, and the frequency of Google searches for 'how to immigrate to Canada'. It's a tale of two data sets – one measuring the cleanliness of the air, and the other capturing the yearning for a fresh start in the Great White North. But together, they may just reveal a hidden connection that has eluded us for far too long.
Our research team took a deep breath and dived into the murky depths of environmental and search data with both gusto and caution, much like a novice attempting to inhale the elusive bouquet of a fine wine. We sought to unravel the enigma of why individuals in Lexington, Kentucky, experiencing poor air quality might find themselves daydreaming about donning a toque and sipping on some Tim Hortons coffee.
The stakes were high, the air was thick with possibilities, and like a pun enthusiast with a thesaurus, we were determined to unearth a wealth of insights that might just take our breath away – metaphorically, of course. In doing so, we hope to not only shed light on this unusual correlation but also to showcase the profound influence of air quality on human aspirations. Because after all, what's a study on the desire to immigrate to Canada without a few breath-taking observations?

[[RESULTS]]
The statistical analysis revealed a robust and statistically significant correlation between air quality in Lexington, Kentucky, and the frequency of Google searches for 'how to immigrate to Canada'. The correlation coefficient of 0.8490576 and an r-squared value of 0.7208988 indicated a strong relationship between these variables over the period from 2004 to 2023. The p-value of less than 0.01 further reinforced the significance of this association, leaving little room for doubt and providing stronger evidence than a double-paned window in a blustery Canadian winter.
As illustrated in the scatterplot (Fig. 1), the data points formed a clear upward trend, resembling a determined mountaineer embarking on a journey toward the land of poutine and apologies. Each point on the plot seemed to echo the sentiments of individuals seeking a breath of fresh air, figuratively and quite possibly, literally.
This correlation may not come as a gasp-inducing revelation to those familiar with the effects of air quality on human behavior – it appears that the desire to inhale clean, crisp air extends beyond the boundaries of mere physical comfort. It seems that individuals in Lexington, Kentucky, facing suboptimal air quality were more inclined to turn their gaze northward, perhaps envisioning a life filled with the scent of pine and the sound of "eh" in every sentence.
Dad joke alert: "Why do Canadians make good comedians? Because they always deliver their lines with impeccable timing – just like our data revealing the punctuality of the correlation between air quality and Canadian aspirations!"
In conclusion, our findings emphasize the palpable impact of air quality on the human psyche and aspirations. With a nod to our neighbors to the north, it's apparent that a longing for a change in environmental surroundings may very well be the driving force behind the thought of immigrating to Canada. This study, therefore, not only sheds light on an unexpected correlation but also serves as a reminder that when it comes to human behavior, the air we breathe may play a silent yet influential role in shaping our dreams and aspirations.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our study has provided compelling evidence of the fascinating connection between air quality in Lexington, Kentucky, and the frequency of Google searches for 'how to immigrate to Canada'. It seems that for some, the allure of crisp Canadian air is just too intoxicating to resist, especially when faced with less-than-stellar air quality in their current locale. It's like they say, "If you can't beat 'em, join 'em – and if you can't join 'em, Google 'how to join 'em in Canada'!"

Our findings not only affirm the palpable influence of air quality on human aspirations but also highlight the enduring appeal of Canada as a sanctuary for a breath of fresh air, both metaphorically and quite possibly, literally. It's like a charming Canadian accent – once you hear it, there's no turning back!

With this revelation, we can confidently assert that no more research is needed in this area. Our study has blown the lid off this peculiar relationship, and it's clearer than Canadian ice – or should we say, crystal clear – that when it comes to the desire to immigrate, air quality plays a much more pivotal role than we may have previously breathed in.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Clearing the Air or Seeking Greener Pastures: The Relationship Between Air Quality in Lexington, Kentucky and Google Searches for 'How to Immigrate to Canada'. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Environmental Psychology and Migration Studies

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Clearing the Air or Seeking Greener Pastures: The Relationship Between Air Quality in Lexington, Kentucky and Google Searches for 'How to Immigrate to Canada'. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Environmental Anthropology and Technological Migration Studies

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Clearing the Air or Seeking Greener Pastures: The Relationship Between Air Quality in Lexington, Kentucky and Google Searches for 'How to Immigrate to Canada' with an abstract of In this study, we delve into the intriguing relationship between air quality in Lexington, Kentucky, and the frequency of Google searches for 'how to immigrate to Canada'. Our research team took a breath of fresh air by utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency to assess the air quality index in Lexington, while leveraging Google Trends data to quantify the search interest for immigrating to the Great White North.
Our analysis uncovered a significant correlation between air quality and the desire to escape to the land of maple syrup and politeness. With a correlation coefficient of 0.8490576 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning 2004 to 2023, it's clear that the quality of air has a tangible impact on people's aspirations for relocation. It seems that for some, the allure of crisp Canadian air is just too intoxicating to resist, especially when faced with less-than-stellar air quality in their current locale.
As we dug deeper into the data, it became apparent that individuals in Lexington, Kentucky, experiencing lower air quality were more inclined to seek solace in the idea of migrating to Canada. Whether it's the promise of clean air, the company of friendly moose, or simply a longing for colder temperatures, it appears that the appeal of immigrating to Canada is not purely coincidental – it may just be a breath of fresh air for those seeking a change of scenery.
Aside from shedding light on this curious connection, our findings also serve as a reminder that air quality can have profound effects on human behavior and aspirations. So, the next time someone in Lexington starts browsing Canadian immigration websites, perhaps it's not just a passing curiosity – it might very well be a quest for a lungful of untainted air and a lifetime supply of poutine.

ChatGPT:

air quality, Lexington Kentucky, Google searches, immigrate to Canada, relationship, correlation coefficient, EPA data, Google Trends data, relocation, migration, environmental impact, human behavior, Canadian immigration, search interest, study

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Air quality in Lexington, Kentucky
Detailed data title: Percentage of days with good air quality in Lexington-Fayette, KY
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air quality in Lexington, Kentucky

Google searches for 'how to immigrate to canada'
Detailed data title: Relative volume of Google searches for 'how to immigrate to canada' (Worldwide, without quotes)
Source: Google Trends
Additional Info: ^{See full details} Relative search volume (not absolute numbers)

See what else correlates with Google searches for 'how to immigrate to canada'

Correlation r = 0.8490576 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.7208988 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 72.1% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Google searches for 'how to immigrate to canada') is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Air quality in Lexington, Kentucky) over the 20 years from 2004 through 2023.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 2.2E-6.^Show 0.0000022035535870078880000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.85 in 0.00022% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 453,812 random variables^Note You don't actually need 453 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 19 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 19 because we have two variables measured over a period of 20 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.65, 0.94 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Air quality in Lexington, Kentucky (Good air quality)	71.8579	56.9061	65.4795	44.3836	58.2418	64.1096	56.7123	58.9041	60.6557	68.4931	74.7945	78.022	81.2155	86.3014	72.8022	83.0137	88.5246	77.4105	83.2877	73.7968
Google searches for 'how to immigrate to canada' (Rel. search volume)	25.8333	19.0833	10.3333	9.75	15.5	17.9167	20.4167	21.9167	19.75	23.5833	25.75	22.0833	31.25	28.8333	32	32.1667	35.5833	29.8333	33.6667	29.5

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([71.8579,56.9061,65.4795,44.3836,58.2418,64.1096,56.7123,58.9041,60.6557,68.4931,74.7945,78.022,81.2155,86.3014,72.8022,83.0137,88.5246,77.4105,83.2877,73.7968,])
array_2 = np.array([25.8333,19.0833,10.3333,9.75,15.5,17.9167,20.4167,21.9167,19.75,23.5833,25.75,22.0833,31.25,28.8333,32,32.1667,35.5833,29.8333,33.6667,29.5,])
array_1_name = "Air quality in Lexington, Kentucky"
array_2_name = "Google searches for 'how to immigrate to canada'"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Air quality in Lexington, Kentucky
Line chart for only Google searches for 'how to immigrate to canada'
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Clearing the Air or Seeking Greener Pastures: The Relationship Between Air Quality in Lexington, Kentucky and Google Searches for 'How to Immigrate to Canada'

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Correlation ID: 5002 · Black Variable ID: 20822 · Red Variable ID: 1349


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