Spurious correlation #4,914 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina and the second variable is Number of Botox Injections Administered to Women. The chart goes from 1997 to 2016, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina and the second variable is Number of Botox Injections Administered to Women. The chart goes from 1997 to 2016, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

The higher oxygen content in the air led to increased cellular respiration, causing women's skin to stay plump and youthful, thus creating a higher demand for Botox injections to maintain their wrinkle-free appearance.

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Create an image that looks like it is a scene from a Disney movie where a group of elegant women stroll gracefully through a serene Gaffney, South Carolina neighborhood. The bright sun casts a warm, golden glow over the gardens, and the air is filled with the scent of blooming flowers and freshly cut grass. In the background, a stylish clinic buzzes with activity as women patiently wait to receive their Botox injections, eager to maintain their youthful appearance amidst the lush, oxygen-filled atmosphere. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina and Number of Botox Injections Administered to Women. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie Glitch art Macabre Vaporwave Cutsy graphics
ChatGPT: An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina and Number of Botox Injections Administered to Women, in the following situation: The higher oxygen content in the air led to increased cellular respiration, causing women's skin to stay plump and youthful, thus creating a higher demand for Botox injections to maintain their wrinkle-free appearance.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a serene Gaffney, South Carolina neighborhood, the air is filled with the scent of blooming flowers and freshly cut grass. The bright sun shines down, casting a warm, golden glow over the gardens. Amongst this picturesque setting, a group of delighted women stroll gracefully, their radiant skin glistening in the clear, oxygen-rich air. Nearby, a stylish clinic buzzes with activity as women patiently wait to receive their Botox injections, eager to maintain their youthful appearance amidst the lush, oxygen-filled atmosphere.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie ] and depicting this scene: In a serene Gaffney, South Carolina neighborhood, the air is filled with the scent of blooming flowers and freshly cut grass. The bright sun shines down, casting a warm, golden glow over the gardens. Amongst this picturesque setting, a group of delighted women stroll gracefully, their radiant skin glistening in the clear, oxygen-rich air. Nearby, a stylish clinic buzzes with activity as women patiently wait to receive their Botox injections, eager to maintain their youthful appearance amidst the lush, oxygen-filled atmosphere. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Create an image that looks like it is a scene from a Disney movie where a group of elegant women stroll gracefully through a serene Gaffney, South Carolina neighborhood. The bright sun casts a warm, golden glow over the gardens, and the air is filled with the scent of blooming flowers and freshly cut grass. In the background, a stylish clinic buzzes with activity as women patiently wait to receive their Botox injections, eager to maintain their youthful appearance amidst the lush, oxygen-filled atmosphere.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina caused Number of Botox Injections Administered to Women to increase. Make it feel plausible.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

The Wrinkle Effect: A Correlation Between Air Quality in Gaffney, South Carolina and Botox Injections Administered to Women

The Journal of Cosmetic Chemistry and Environmental Health

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina and Number of Botox Injections Administered to Women. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then devolve ever further, and mention something completely ridiculous, like you conducted literature review by reading CVS receipts.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Wrinkle Effect: A Correlation Between Air Quality in Gaffney, South Carolina and Botox Injections Administered to Women

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delved deep into the enigmatic relationship between air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina, and the perennial pursuit of youthfulness through Botox injections among women. With a twinkle in our eyes and a nostril for data, we endeavored to uncover if there was more than just air in Gaffney's atmosphere influencing the visages of its inhabitants.

Employing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, we embarked on a journey through the realms of environmental science and dermatology, with an air of whimsy and statistical rigor. Our analysis revealed a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.8827641 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the period spanning 1997 to 2016, suggesting a remarkably robust association between air quality and the pursuit of smoother skin.

While our findings may raise eyebrows, we assure the reader that we approached this research endeavor with a breath of fresh air, exuding both scholarly rigor and a hint of levity. Our results not only highlight the potential influence of environmental factors on aesthetic choices but also serve as a reminder that the quest for beauty and the complexities of our environment can sometimes intertwine in unexpected ways.

In summary, our study sheds light on the 'atmospheric' influence on dermatological pursuits and emphasizes the importance of considering not only the air we breathe but also the impact it may have on our desire to smooth out life's wrinkles.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
As the well-worn adage goes, "Beauty is only skin deep," but what if the quality of the air we breathe could be affecting the smoothness of that very skin? In this paper, we delve into the curious and, dare I say, breathtaking correlation between air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina, and the pursuit of eternally youthful visages among the fairer sex through Botox injections. As we embark on this exploration, we hope to inject a dose of levity into the often serious realms of environmental science and dermatology.
The town of Gaffney, nestled in the picturesque landscapes of the Palmetto State, is known for its charm, barbecue, and, as it turns out, an unexpected statistical association with the administration of Botox injections. We approach this investigation with a raised eyebrow and a playfully probing spirit, seeking to uncover whether there may be something more than just Southern hospitality swirling in the air of Gaffney.
Armed with data from the Environmental Protection Agency and the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, we set out to answer the question: Could there be a link between the air quality in Gaffney and the desire to smooth out life's little imperfections through Botox?
Our journey through this analysis was as invigorating as a breath of fresh air, as we navigated through the maze of statistical analyses and pondered the complexities of atmospheric influences on human behavior. With every data point and every regression analysis, we caught a glimpse of the subtle dance between the molecules in the air and the molecules beneath the skin's surface.
In presenting our findings, we aim to infuse the dry and stoic arena of academic research with a touch of humor and whimsy, for we firmly believe that the pursuit of knowledge should be accompanied by a generous sprinkling of laughter. As we unfold the results of this investigation, we invite the reader to join us on this intellectual jaunt that may leave you with a chuckle and, who knows, perhaps a wrinkle or two smoothed out along the way.
So, let us take a deep breath and embark on this fascinating journey through the intersection of environmental quality and the pursuit of ageless beauty. As we unravel the enigma of air quality and Botox injections, let us not forget to savor the unexpected and embrace the playful spirit that infuses this examination.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The pursuit of connections between seemingly disparate factors has long been a staple of academic inquiry, prompting researchers to embark on quests that may lead to revelations both profound and, at times, delightfully absurd. The current study delves into the whimsically unexpected relationship between air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina, and the administration of Botox injections, a topic that has left scholars both scratching their heads and smoothing out their furrowed brows.

Smith (2010) initially raised interest in the topic by highlighting the potential impacts of regional air quality on human health and well-being. However, this solemn examination of environmental influences took a turn toward the unconventional when it led to the question: Could the air we breathe contribute not only to respiratory health but also to the pursuit of age-defying aesthetics?

Expanding beyond the realms of environmental science, Doe et al. (2015) ventured into the domain of dermatology, providing insightful perspectives on the motivations driving individuals to seek cosmetic enhancements. Yet, amidst discussions of skin aging and collagen production, the unexpected notion of air quality playing a role in the eternally youthful visages of Gaffney's inhabitants emerged like a fresh breeze on a sunny day.

Building on these intriguing premises, the authors found themselves drawn to non-fiction works such as "The Air Pollution Reality: A Comprehensive Guide to Clean Air and Radiant Skin" by Environmental Guru and "The Quest for Eternal Youth: Aesthetic Pursuits in a Polluted World" by Dermatology Diva. These works, while serious in their intentions, could not escape the humorous undertones that emerged when considering the interplay of environmental factors and aesthetic desires.

As the research delved deeper into the literature, it became apparent that the connection between air quality and the pursuit of ageless beauty was not solely confined to factual treatises. Fictional works such as "Molecules in the Mist: A Tale of Love and Oxygen" by Romance Writer and "The Dermatologist's Dilemma: A Suspenseful Saga of Skin and Smog" by Mystery Maven presented allegorical narratives that, while not grounded in empirical data, added an air of whimsy to the exploration of this unorthodox correlation.

However, amidst the serious and semi-serious engagements with the topic, the authors must admit to having taken an unconventional approach to their literature review. In addition to perusing the scholarly literature, the authors engaged in an unorthodox method of data collection by closely examining the purchase patterns on numerous CVS receipts in Gaffney, uncovering a surprising consistency in the co-occurrence of air purifiers and Botox injection appointments.

This unorthodox approach, while undoubtedly unconventional, provided unexpected insights into the consumer practices of Gaffney's inhabitants and their willingness to invest in both atmospheric and dermatological solutions, leading to a raised eyebrow and a bemused chuckle among the research team.

In summary, the literature review paints a picture of a scholarly endeavor that shifted from earnest inquiry to unexpected whimsy, from factual treatises to fictional musings, and finally to an unlikely source of data in CVS receipts. This unusual path, while departing from convention, has brought a breath of levity into the exploration of the correlation between air quality and the pursuit of youthful skin, reminding us that even in the pursuit of knowledge, laughter and unexpected twists may smooth out the wrinkles of academic inquiry.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina and Number of Botox Injections Administered to Women. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery . You used data from 1997 to 2016

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Wrinkle Effect: A Correlation Between Air Quality in Gaffney, South Carolina and Botox Injections Administered to Women

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delved deep into the enigmatic relationship between air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina, and the perennial pursuit of youthfulness through Botox injections among women. With a twinkle in our eyes and a nostril for data, we endeavored to uncover if there was more than just air in Gaffney's atmosphere influencing the visages of its inhabitants.

Employing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, we embarked on a journey through the realms of environmental science and dermatology, with an air of whimsy and statistical rigor. Our analysis revealed a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.8827641 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the period spanning 1997 to 2016, suggesting a remarkably robust association between air quality and the pursuit of smoother skin.

While our findings may raise eyebrows, we assure the reader that we approached this research endeavor with a breath of fresh air, exuding both scholarly rigor and a hint of levity. Our results not only highlight the potential influence of environmental factors on aesthetic choices but also serve as a reminder that the quest for beauty and the complexities of our environment can sometimes intertwine in unexpected ways.

In summary, our study sheds light on the 'atmospheric' influence on dermatological pursuits and emphasizes the importance of considering not only the air we breathe but also the impact it may have on our desire to smooth out life's wrinkles.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
As the well-worn adage goes, "Beauty is only skin deep," but what if the quality of the air we breathe could be affecting the smoothness of that very skin? In this paper, we delve into the curious and, dare I say, breathtaking correlation between air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina, and the pursuit of eternally youthful visages among the fairer sex through Botox injections. As we embark on this exploration, we hope to inject a dose of levity into the often serious realms of environmental science and dermatology.
The town of Gaffney, nestled in the picturesque landscapes of the Palmetto State, is known for its charm, barbecue, and, as it turns out, an unexpected statistical association with the administration of Botox injections. We approach this investigation with a raised eyebrow and a playfully probing spirit, seeking to uncover whether there may be something more than just Southern hospitality swirling in the air of Gaffney.
Armed with data from the Environmental Protection Agency and the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, we set out to answer the question: Could there be a link between the air quality in Gaffney and the desire to smooth out life's little imperfections through Botox?
Our journey through this analysis was as invigorating as a breath of fresh air, as we navigated through the maze of statistical analyses and pondered the complexities of atmospheric influences on human behavior. With every data point and every regression analysis, we caught a glimpse of the subtle dance between the molecules in the air and the molecules beneath the skin's surface.
In presenting our findings, we aim to infuse the dry and stoic arena of academic research with a touch of humor and whimsy, for we firmly believe that the pursuit of knowledge should be accompanied by a generous sprinkling of laughter. As we unfold the results of this investigation, we invite the reader to join us on this intellectual jaunt that may leave you with a chuckle and, who knows, perhaps a wrinkle or two smoothed out along the way.
So, let us take a deep breath and embark on this fascinating journey through the intersection of environmental quality and the pursuit of ageless beauty. As we unravel the enigma of air quality and Botox injections, let us not forget to savor the unexpected and embrace the playful spirit that infuses this examination.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

As captivating as the premise of our investigation may be, our methodologies were as rigorous as the pursuit of smooth, youthful skin. We embarked on this delightful escapade armed with the finest tools of statistical analysis and a dash of whimsy, aiming to uncover the connection between air quality and the administration of Botox injections.

Data Collection:
Our voyage into the realm of environmental quality and aesthetic choices began with the procurement of air quality data for Gaffney, South Carolina. We gleefully retrieved ambient air quality measurements from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), embracing the challenge of navigating the labyrinthine corridors of environmental databases to capture the atmospheric essence of Gaffney across the years 1997 to 2016. The inclusion of parameters such as particulate matter, ozone levels, and air toxics allowed us to capture the full spectrum of Gaffney's atmospheric charm.

Simultaneously, we ventured into the realm of aesthetic pursuits, steering our proverbial ship of inquiry towards the abundance of data housed by the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS). Here, we indulged in the collection of statistics on Botox injections administered to women, reveling in the numerical tapestry of dermal rejuvenation. With each dataset secured, we set sail for the uncharted waters of correlation analyses, armed with our trusty compass of scientific inquiry.

Data Analysis:
Navigating the crossroads of environmental science and dermatological inclinations, we harnessed the power of statistical software with the precision of a cosmetic surgeon’s scalpel. Utilizing the robust capabilities of the software, we employed correlation analyses to decipher the nuanced relationship between air quality in Gaffney and the frequency of Botox injections among women. With bated breath and fervent keystrokes, we computed correlation coefficients, marveling at the dance of significance levels and confidence intervals that unfolded before our inquisitive eyes.

In a bid to ensure the integrity of our findings, we subjected our data to a series of sensitivity analyses, akin to scrutinizing the delicate balance of chemical compounds in a skincare regimen. Through rigorous testing and re-testing, we sought to fortify the robustness of our observations, mindful of the subtle nuances that can affect the outcome of statistical dalliances.

Limitations:
As with any quest for knowledge, our endeavor was not devoid of limitations. The reliance on retrospective data introduces the potential for confounding factors, much like the subtle creases and folds on the canvas of statistical inference. Additionally, observational studies inherently bear the mark of correlation without establishing causation, reminding us that while we may find connections, the underlying mechanisms remain cloaked in mystery.

Despite these limitations, we approached our analysis with the sincerity of a cosmetic enthusiast applying an anti-aging serum, mindful of the complexities that underpin the pursuit of scientific veracity. Our methodological embrace encompassed both the whimsical and the rigorous, as we waltzed through the numbers with an air of scholarly grace and a modicum of lightheartedness, cherishing the journey as much as the destination.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina and Number of Botox Injections Administered to Women. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
The Wrinkle Effect: A Correlation Between Air Quality in Gaffney, South Carolina and Botox Injections Administered to Women

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delved deep into the enigmatic relationship between air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina, and the perennial pursuit of youthfulness through Botox injections among women. With a twinkle in our eyes and a nostril for data, we endeavored to uncover if there was more than just air in Gaffney's atmosphere influencing the visages of its inhabitants.

Employing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, we embarked on a journey through the realms of environmental science and dermatology, with an air of whimsy and statistical rigor. Our analysis revealed a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.8827641 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the period spanning 1997 to 2016, suggesting a remarkably robust association between air quality and the pursuit of smoother skin.

While our findings may raise eyebrows, we assure the reader that we approached this research endeavor with a breath of fresh air, exuding both scholarly rigor and a hint of levity. Our results not only highlight the potential influence of environmental factors on aesthetic choices but also serve as a reminder that the quest for beauty and the complexities of our environment can sometimes intertwine in unexpected ways.

In summary, our study sheds light on the 'atmospheric' influence on dermatological pursuits and emphasizes the importance of considering not only the air we breathe but also the impact it may have on our desire to smooth out life's wrinkles.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The pursuit of connections between seemingly disparate factors has long been a staple of academic inquiry, prompting researchers to embark on quests that may lead to revelations both profound and, at times, delightfully absurd. The current study delves into the whimsically unexpected relationship between air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina, and the administration of Botox injections, a topic that has left scholars both scratching their heads and smoothing out their furrowed brows.
Smith (2010) initially raised interest in the topic by highlighting the potential impacts of regional air quality on human health and well-being. However, this solemn examination of environmental influences took a turn toward the unconventional when it led to the question: Could the air we breathe contribute not only to respiratory health but also to the pursuit of age-defying aesthetics?
Expanding beyond the realms of environmental science, Doe et al. (2015) ventured into the domain of dermatology, providing insightful perspectives on the motivations driving individuals to seek cosmetic enhancements. Yet, amidst discussions of skin aging and collagen production, the unexpected notion of air quality playing a role in the eternally youthful visages of Gaffney's inhabitants emerged like a fresh breeze on a sunny day.
Building on these intriguing premises, the authors found themselves drawn to non-fiction works such as "The Air Pollution Reality: A Comprehensive Guide to Clean Air and Radiant Skin" by Environmental Guru and "The Quest for Eternal Youth: Aesthetic Pursuits in a Polluted World" by Dermatology Diva. These works, while serious in their intentions, could not escape the humorous undertones that emerged when considering the interplay of environmental factors and aesthetic desires.
As the research delved deeper into the literature, it became apparent that the connection between air quality and the pursuit of ageless beauty was not solely confined to factual treatises. Fictional works such as "Molecules in the Mist: A Tale of Love and Oxygen" by Romance Writer and "The Dermatologist's Dilemma: A Suspenseful Saga of Skin and Smog" by Mystery Maven presented allegorical narratives that, while not grounded in empirical data, added an air of whimsy to the exploration of this unorthodox correlation.
However, amidst the serious and semi-serious engagements with the topic, the authors must admit to having taken an unconventional approach to their literature review. In addition to perusing the scholarly literature, the authors engaged in an unorthodox method of data collection by closely examining the purchase patterns on numerous CVS receipts in Gaffney, uncovering a surprising consistency in the co-occurrence of air purifiers and Botox injection appointments.
This unorthodox approach, while undoubtedly unconventional, provided unexpected insights into the consumer practices of Gaffney's inhabitants and their willingness to invest in both atmospheric and dermatological solutions, leading to a raised eyebrow and a bemused chuckle among the research team.
In summary, the literature review paints a picture of a scholarly endeavor that shifted from earnest inquiry to unexpected whimsy, from factual treatises to fictional musings, and finally to an unlikely source of data in CVS receipts. This unusual path, while departing from convention, has brought a breath of levity into the exploration of the correlation between air quality and the pursuit of youthful skin, reminding us that even in the pursuit of knowledge, laughter and unexpected twists may smooth out the wrinkles of academic inquiry.

[[RESULTS]]
Upon scrutinizing the data from 1997 to 2016, a strong correlation between air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina, and the administration of Botox injections to women was uncovered. The correlation coefficient of 0.8827641 and the r-squared value of 0.7792725 indicated a remarkably robust relationship between these two seemingly disparate variables. With a p-value less than 0.01, the statistical significance of this correlation cannot be airbrushed away.
As revealed in Figure 1, the scatterplot illustrates the striking association between air quality and the number of Botox injections administered. It's almost as if the molecules of pollutants in the air were engaged in a ballet with the molecules of neurotoxin beneath the surface, dancing to the tune of statistical significance.
While some may raise an eyebrow at the unexpected nature of this correlation, we must not allow our surprise to furrow our brows too deeply. The pursuit of knowledge, much like the pursuit of a smooth complexion, often reveals unexpected connections that beckon us to ponder the mysteries of our world and the choices we make.
This correlation invites us to ponder whether the air in Gaffney not only influences the atmosphere but also transcends the epidermis to leave its mark on the choices individuals make to smoothen their skin. The wrinkles etched in the air of Gaffney seem to mirror the pursuit of unwrinkled faces, creating an unexpected harmony between the external environment and internal desires.
In light of these results, it becomes clear that the quest for beauty isn't just skin-deep; it intertwines with the very air we breathe, reminding us that even our pursuit of eternal youthfulness isn't impervious to the influences of the world around us. This study doesn't just scratch the surface; it delves into the depths of environmental and aesthetic interactions, inviting us to ponder the unspoken conversations between our environment and our choices.
The connection between air quality and Botox injections may seem like a tale spun from thin air, but as we gaze upon the figures and the statistical measures, it becomes evident that there's more than meets the eye. This study adds a new dimension to our understanding of environmental influences on human behavior, serving as a gentle reminder that our choices are molded not only by personal preferences but also by the atmospheric phenomena that envelop us.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The uncovering of a substantial correlation between air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina, and the administration of Botox injections among women undoubtedly invites a raised eyebrow, if not a subtle furrow of intrigue. While the inexplicable link between atmospheric conditions and aesthetic pursuits may seem as unlikely as finding a needle in a haystack of airborne particles, our results bolster previous scholarship that dared to traverse the whimsical and the empirical with equal measures of seriousness and levity.

In harkening back to the enigmatic forays of our predecessors, who tip-toed delicately between the spheres of science and amusement, we find ourselves confronted with the perplexing revelation that the molecules of pollutants in the air and the molecules of neurotoxin may indeed share a dance of statistical significance. As Smith (2010) initially hinted and Doe et al. (2015) artfully maneuvered around, the profound impact of environmental quality on human choices cannot be airbrushed away, just like the wrinkles on a freshly botoxed brow.

Our findings not only buoy these prior inklings but also deliver a resounding echo of the unexpected as we navigate the unexplored crevices of environmental and aesthetic interplays. As we envision the metaphorical waltz of atmospheric particles and dermal enhancements, it becomes evident that the pursuit of beauty, much like the pursuit of knowledge, is riddled with unexpected twists and turns that leave us both bemused and informed.

Despite the initial chuckles and raised eyebrows that our endeavor elicited, the robust statistical support for this correlation implores us not to dismiss the possibility that the very air we breathe may shape the decisions we make to smooth out life's inevitable creases. This study, with its whimsy and rigor entwined like the tendrils of a vine on a trellis, serves as a gentle reminder that even our most frivolous pursuits are intertwined with the intricate tapestry of our environment.

In the mosaic of academic inquiry, the pursuit of answers often leads us down crooked paths, where scholarly rigor and the spin of unexpected humor dance in a harmonious duet. As we navigate through the labyrinth of correlations and conundrums, we must not shy away from the merry dance of knowledge-seeking, for it is amidst the unpredictability and the bizarre correlations that we uncover truths that both surprise and enlighten us.

As we set our sights on the horizon of future research, it is imperative to maintain the balance between scholarly inquest and the revelry of discovery, for it is in this delicate equilibrium that the boundaries of knowledge expand and the laughter of unexpected connections illuminates our path.

And so, with a twinkle in our eyes and a nod to the wrinkled mysteries of our world, we must march forth, embracing the quirks and quiddities that animate the pursuit of wisdom and the pursuit of youth alike. For it is in these peculiar interstices that the sweetest symphonies of knowledge and amusement are composed, leaving us both tickled and enlightened by the world's enthralling idiosyncrasies.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina and Number of Botox Injections Administered to Women. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
The Wrinkle Effect: A Correlation Between Air Quality in Gaffney, South Carolina and Botox Injections Administered to Women

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delved deep into the enigmatic relationship between air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina, and the perennial pursuit of youthfulness through Botox injections among women. With a twinkle in our eyes and a nostril for data, we endeavored to uncover if there was more than just air in Gaffney's atmosphere influencing the visages of its inhabitants.

Employing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, we embarked on a journey through the realms of environmental science and dermatology, with an air of whimsy and statistical rigor. Our analysis revealed a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.8827641 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the period spanning 1997 to 2016, suggesting a remarkably robust association between air quality and the pursuit of smoother skin.

While our findings may raise eyebrows, we assure the reader that we approached this research endeavor with a breath of fresh air, exuding both scholarly rigor and a hint of levity. Our results not only highlight the potential influence of environmental factors on aesthetic choices but also serve as a reminder that the quest for beauty and the complexities of our environment can sometimes intertwine in unexpected ways.

In summary, our study sheds light on the 'atmospheric' influence on dermatological pursuits and emphasizes the importance of considering not only the air we breathe but also the impact it may have on our desire to smooth out life's wrinkles.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
As the well-worn adage goes, "Beauty is only skin deep," but what if the quality of the air we breathe could be affecting the smoothness of that very skin? In this paper, we delve into the curious and, dare I say, breathtaking correlation between air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina, and the pursuit of eternally youthful visages among the fairer sex through Botox injections. As we embark on this exploration, we hope to inject a dose of levity into the often serious realms of environmental science and dermatology.
The town of Gaffney, nestled in the picturesque landscapes of the Palmetto State, is known for its charm, barbecue, and, as it turns out, an unexpected statistical association with the administration of Botox injections. We approach this investigation with a raised eyebrow and a playfully probing spirit, seeking to uncover whether there may be something more than just Southern hospitality swirling in the air of Gaffney.
Armed with data from the Environmental Protection Agency and the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, we set out to answer the question: Could there be a link between the air quality in Gaffney and the desire to smooth out life's little imperfections through Botox?
Our journey through this analysis was as invigorating as a breath of fresh air, as we navigated through the maze of statistical analyses and pondered the complexities of atmospheric influences on human behavior. With every data point and every regression analysis, we caught a glimpse of the subtle dance between the molecules in the air and the molecules beneath the skin's surface.
In presenting our findings, we aim to infuse the dry and stoic arena of academic research with a touch of humor and whimsy, for we firmly believe that the pursuit of knowledge should be accompanied by a generous sprinkling of laughter. As we unfold the results of this investigation, we invite the reader to join us on this intellectual jaunt that may leave you with a chuckle and, who knows, perhaps a wrinkle or two smoothed out along the way.
So, let us take a deep breath and embark on this fascinating journey through the intersection of environmental quality and the pursuit of ageless beauty. As we unravel the enigma of air quality and Botox injections, let us not forget to savor the unexpected and embrace the playful spirit that infuses this examination.

[[RESULTS]]
Upon scrutinizing the data from 1997 to 2016, a strong correlation between air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina, and the administration of Botox injections to women was uncovered. The correlation coefficient of 0.8827641 and the r-squared value of 0.7792725 indicated a remarkably robust relationship between these two seemingly disparate variables. With a p-value less than 0.01, the statistical significance of this correlation cannot be airbrushed away.
As revealed in Figure 1, the scatterplot illustrates the striking association between air quality and the number of Botox injections administered. It's almost as if the molecules of pollutants in the air were engaged in a ballet with the molecules of neurotoxin beneath the surface, dancing to the tune of statistical significance.
While some may raise an eyebrow at the unexpected nature of this correlation, we must not allow our surprise to furrow our brows too deeply. The pursuit of knowledge, much like the pursuit of a smooth complexion, often reveals unexpected connections that beckon us to ponder the mysteries of our world and the choices we make.
This correlation invites us to ponder whether the air in Gaffney not only influences the atmosphere but also transcends the epidermis to leave its mark on the choices individuals make to smoothen their skin. The wrinkles etched in the air of Gaffney seem to mirror the pursuit of unwrinkled faces, creating an unexpected harmony between the external environment and internal desires.
In light of these results, it becomes clear that the quest for beauty isn't just skin-deep; it intertwines with the very air we breathe, reminding us that even our pursuit of eternal youthfulness isn't impervious to the influences of the world around us. This study doesn't just scratch the surface; it delves into the depths of environmental and aesthetic interactions, inviting us to ponder the unspoken conversations between our environment and our choices.
The connection between air quality and Botox injections may seem like a tale spun from thin air, but as we gaze upon the figures and the statistical measures, it becomes evident that there's more than meets the eye. This study adds a new dimension to our understanding of environmental influences on human behavior, serving as a gentle reminder that our choices are molded not only by personal preferences but also by the atmospheric phenomena that envelop us.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our findings unveil a correlation between air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina, and the administration of Botox injections to women that is as clear as the air on a crisp autumn morning. The robust statistical relationship discovered between these seemingly unrelated variables serves as a breath of fresh air in the realms of environmental science and dermatology, reminding us that the world is full of surprises, much like the sudden appearance of a wrinkle.

As we reflect on the implications of our research, it seems that the pursuit of smooth skin may not just be a matter of vanity but could also be influenced by the very air we breathe. It's as if the air in Gaffney whispers subtle suggestions to its inhabitants, coaxing them to seek solace in the pursuit of youthful appearances. Like a gentle breeze carrying whispers of skincare secrets, the atmospheric quality in Gaffney intertwines with the quest for ageless beauty, creating a symphony of statistical significance and dermatological desires.

While our study may invite a raised eyebrow or perhaps even the furrowing of a wrinkle, it leaves no room for doubt that the connection between air quality and Botox injections is more than skin-deep. As we bid adieu to this journey through the interplay of environmental quality and aesthetic choices, we stand in awe of the unexpected threads that weave through the fabric of our existence, just like the unexpected appearance of a frown line.

In light of these revelatory findings, it is clear that further examination in this area is as unnecessary as a third eyebrow. Our research achieves an air of finality and serves as a gentle nudge in the direction of undiscovered frontiers, reminding us that the pursuit of knowledge should always be seasoned with a dash of whimsy and unexpected discoveries. In the end, it seems that in the town of Gaffney, the pursuit of ageless beauty and the quality of the air are as intertwined as a poorly-folded origami crane – firmly, unexpectedly, and perhaps a little wrinkled.

So, as we exhale the conclusions of this study, let us revel in the unexpected dance between the molecules in the air and the molecules beneath the skin's surface, knowing that the pursuit of knowledge, much like the pursuit of a smooth complexion, often leads to unexpected connections that tickle our curiosity and leave us smiling, albeit with the occasional faint wrinkle. With that, we confidently declare that no more research is needed in this area, and, like a freshly administered Botox injection, our findings speak for themselves.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited The Wrinkle Effect: A Correlation Between Air Quality in Gaffney, South Carolina and Botox Injections Administered to Women. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Cosmetic Chemistry and Environmental Health

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited The Wrinkle Effect: A Correlation Between Air Quality in Gaffney, South Carolina and Botox Injections Administered to Women. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Atmospheric and Aesthetic Coherence

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled The Wrinkle Effect: A Correlation Between Air Quality in Gaffney, South Carolina and Botox Injections Administered to Women with an abstract of In this study, we delved deep into the enigmatic relationship between air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina, and the perennial pursuit of youthfulness through Botox injections among women. With a twinkle in our eyes and a nostril for data, we endeavored to uncover if there was more than just air in Gaffney's atmosphere influencing the visages of its inhabitants.
Employing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, we embarked on a journey through the realms of environmental science and dermatology, with an air of whimsy and statistical rigor. Our analysis revealed a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.8827641 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the period spanning 1997 to 2016, suggesting a remarkably robust association between air quality and the pursuit of smoother skin.
While our findings may raise eyebrows, we assure the reader that we approached this research endeavor with a breath of fresh air, exuding both scholarly rigor and a hint of levity. Our results not only highlight the potential influence of environmental factors on aesthetic choices but also serve as a reminder that the quest for beauty and the complexities of our environment can sometimes intertwine in unexpected ways.
In summary, our study sheds light on the 'atmospheric' influence on dermatological pursuits and emphasizes the importance of considering not only the air we breathe but also the impact it may have on our desire to smooth out life's wrinkles.

ChatGPT:

Gaffney, South Carolina, air quality, Botox injections, women, correlation, environmental factors, aesthetic choices, air pollution, dermatology, EPA data, plastic surgery statistics, environmental impact, beauty standards, atmospheric influence, environmental science, cosmetic procedures

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina
Detailed data title: Percentage of days with good or moderate air quality in Gaffney, SC
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina

Number of Botox Injections Administered to Women
Source: American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
See what else correlates with Number of Botox Injections Administered to Women

Correlation r = 0.8827641 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.7792725 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 77.9% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Number of Botox Injections Administered to Women) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina) over the 20 years from 1997 through 2016.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 2.6E-7.^Show 0.0000002577333583944125500000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.88 in 2.6E-5% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 3,879,979 random variables^Note You don't actually need 3 million variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 19 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 19 because we have two variables measured over a period of 20 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.72, 0.95 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina (Good air quality)	0.769565	0.805785	0.853659	0.838583	0.933566	0.88674	0.964286	0.994475	0.955432	0.975	0.997238	0.965909	1	0.988304	0.969112	0.969231	0.995868	0.995516	1	0.994186
Number of Botox Injections Administered to Women (Injections)	60000	148000	455000	971000	1380000	1424000	1963000	2525000	2990000	2881000	2446000	2239000	2299000	2212000	2355000	2916000	3381000	3174000	3828000	4144000

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. ^Note Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([0.769565,0.805785,0.853659,0.838583,0.933566,0.88674,0.964286,0.994475,0.955432,0.975,0.997238,0.965909,1,0.988304,0.969112,0.969231,0.995868,0.995516,1,0.994186,])
array_2 = np.array([60000,148000,455000,971000,1380000,1424000,1963000,2525000,2990000,2881000,2446000,2239000,2299000,2212000,2355000,2916000,3381000,3174000,3828000,4144000,])
array_1_name = "Air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina"
array_2_name = "Number of Botox Injections Administered to Women"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Air quality in Gaffney, South Carolina
Line chart for only Number of Botox Injections Administered to Women
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: The Wrinkle Effect: A Correlation Between Air Quality in Gaffney, South Carolina and Botox Injections Administered to Women

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Correlation ID: 4914 · Black Variable ID: 22008 · Red Variable ID: 9


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