Spurious correlation #4,797 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air pollution in Jamestown, New York and the second variable is Google searches for 'snoop dog'. The chart goes from 2004 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air pollution in Jamestown, New York and the second variable is Google searches for 'snoop dog'. The chart goes from 2004 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

The air was too clean for Snoop Dogg's liking, it was no longer giving him the high that he needed. Without that smoggy inspiration, his fan base just couldn't keep barking up the right tree. It seems like Snoop Lion might have found a new source of environmental 'doggystyle' to rap about!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: [Hyper-realistic] Generate an image of Jamestown, New York, where Snoop Dogg stands amidst the pristine air with a slightly disappointed expression. As he looks around, his fans, represented by Google searches for 'snoop dog', float above him in the air, searching for inspiration. The atmosphere is clear and lacks the smoky haze that used to fuel his creativity. In the distance, Snoop Lion can be seen, peering towards a new source of environmental 'doggystyle' to explore. Show the exact details of the scenery and Snoop Dogg's expression, capturing the subdued energy and longing for the familiar smoky environment. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Air pollution in Jamestown, New York and Google searches for 'snoop dog'. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: An image that looks like it is a scene from 'Star Wars' Glitch art Sci-fi fantacy Hyper-realistic inspired by bauhaus
ChatGPT: Hyper-realistic

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Air pollution in Jamestown, New York and Google searches for 'snoop dog', in the following situation: The air was too clean for Snoop Dogg's liking, it was no longer giving him the high that he needed. Without that smoggy inspiration, his fan base just couldn't keep barking up the right tree. It seems like Snoop Lion might have found a new source of environmental 'doggystyle' to rap about!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In Jamestown, New York, the pristine air can be seen as Snoop Dogg, looking around with a slightly disappointed expression. His fans, represented by Google searches for 'snoop dog', are floating above him, searching for inspiration. However, the clear air seems to be lacking the smoky atmosphere that used to fuel his creativity. Snoop Lion can be seen in the distance, looking towards a new source of environmental 'doggystyle' to explore.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Hyper-realistic ] and depicting this scene: In Jamestown, New York, the pristine air can be seen as Snoop Dogg, looking around with a slightly disappointed expression. His fans, represented by Google searches for 'snoop dog', are floating above him, searching for inspiration. However, the clear air seems to be lacking the smoky atmosphere that used to fuel his creativity. Snoop Lion can be seen in the distance, looking towards a new source of environmental 'doggystyle' to explore. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: [Hyper-realistic] Generate an image of Jamestown, New York, where Snoop Dogg stands amidst the pristine air with a slightly disappointed expression. As he looks around, his fans, represented by Google searches for 'snoop dog', float above him in the air, searching for inspiration. The atmosphere is clear and lacks the smoky haze that used to fuel his creativity. In the distance, Snoop Lion can be seen, peering towards a new source of environmental 'doggystyle' to explore. Show the exact details of the scenery and Snoop Dogg's expression, capturing the subdued energy and longing for the familiar smoky environment.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how a decrease in Air pollution in Jamestown, New York caused snoop dog (Google searches for 'snoop dog') to decrease. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Unraveling the Smokescreen: A Correlative Study on Air Pollution in Jamestown, New York and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dog'

The Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Urban Environments

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Jamestown, New York and Google searches for 'snoop dog'. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name some movies that you watched that are tangentially related to the topic.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Unraveling the Smokescreen: A Correlative Study on Air Pollution in Jamestown, New York and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dog'

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the seemingly uncharted territory of the relationship between air pollution and the search behavior of the internet populace, specifically with regard to the illustrious figure of 'Snoop Dog.' Utilizing data obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we analyzed a time span from 2004 to 2023, uncovering a substantial correlation coefficient of 0.8463528 and a remarkably significant p-value of less than 0.01. Our findings illuminate an unexpectedly strong link between air pollution levels in Jamestown, New York, and the virtual voyages of netizens through the enigmatic landscape of 'Snoop Dog' searches. These findings not only elevate the discourse on environmental impacts but also invite further inquiry into the whims of internet browsing behavior. We invite the reader to join us in our journey through this unanticipated intersection of air quality and internet intrigue.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The 21st century has witnessed a burgeoning interest in the interplay between environmental factors and human behavior. From the impact of air pollution on physical health to the influence of internet search trends on popular culture, researchers have tirelessly striven to unravel the complex web of connections that permeate our modern existence. In this vein, our study sets out to explore an unusual juxtaposition—the correlation between air pollution in the charming city of Jamestown, New York, and the virtual pursuits of individuals seeking insights into the life and artistry of the iconic "Snoop Dogg."
As an unassuming city nestled in the picturesque landscapes of Western New York, Jamestown may not be the first place that comes to mind in discussions of air pollution. Similarly, the legendary figure of Snoop Dogg, known for his lyrical prowess and magnetic stage presence, may seem a world apart from the tranquil streets of this industrious city. However, as we embark on our investigation, we find ourselves peering through the looking glass into a realm of unexpected correlations and enigmatic revelations.
The confluence of environmental data from the Environmental Protection Agency and the rich tapestry of Google search trends has unveiled a connection that transcends traditional boundaries. Our study illuminates a robust correlation coefficient of 0.8463528 and a p-value of less than 0.01, signaling a resounding statistical significance that demands attention. This captivating linkage promises to not only broaden our understanding of air quality dynamics but also beckons us into the labyrinthine realm of online curiosity and intrigue.
By weaving together the threads of air pollution levels and the virtual footprints of 'Snoop Dogg' seekers, our research endeavors to shed light on a dynamic interplay that beckons further inquiry. Join us as we traverse the unexpected and the unexplored, where the trail of air pollutants intersects with the digital quests for a rap icon, creating a convergence that defies convention and beckons the inquisitive mind to delve deeper.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

A wealth of literature exists on the intersections of environmental factors and human behavior, facilitating our understanding of the intricate dynamics at play. Smith et al. (2015) demonstrated the deleterious effects of air pollution on respiratory health, underscoring the pressing need for stringent environmental regulations. Similarly, Doe and Jones (2018) explored the far-reaching impact of internet search trends on popular culture, highlighting the power of virtual voyages in shaping societal narratives.

Building upon these foundational studies, we now venture into the uncharted territory of the relationship between air pollution in Jamestown, New York, and the quest for 'Snoop Dogg.' The renowned work of "Environmental Impacts on Urban Areas" (Green, 2016) provides a comprehensive overview of air pollution dynamics, laying the groundwork for our exploration of Jamestown's atmospheric intricacies.

In the realm of popular culture and virtual quests, "Digital Age: The Sociology of Online Behavior" (Brown, 2017) drills into the nuances of internet exploration, offering insights that reverberate through our investigation of 'Snoop Dogg' searches. Additionally, "The Virtual Odyssey: Navigating Cyberspace" (Black, 2019) eloquently delves into the enigmatic world of online intrigue, setting the stage for our foray into the digital footprints of 'Snoop Dogg' enthusiasts.

Transitioning from non-fiction to the realm of fiction, the timeless classic "The Great Gatsby" (Fitzgerald, 1925) weaves a narrative of opulence and allure, echoing the magnetic charisma of Snoop Dogg's persona. Moreover, "Scent of a Woman" (Bozza, 1986) captures the essence of virtual pursuits and hidden desires, reminiscent of the curious quests for 'Snoop Dogg' that populate the virtual realm.

In a tangentially related domain, cinematic voyages have often mirrored the whimsical nuances of human behavior. "The Matrix" (Wachowski, 1999) envisions a world where reality blurs with virtual constructs, offering a parallel to the enigmatic landscape of internet searches. Likewise, "The Social Network" (Sorkin, 2010) unravels the intricacies of human connectivity in the digital age, resonating with our quest to unearth the interplay between air pollution and 'Snoop Dogg' searches.

As we embark on this unconventional journey, we are poised to unravel the smokescreen veiling the unexpected correlation between air pollution in Jamestown, New York, and the virtual pursuits of 'Snoop Dogg' aficionados. Through this interdisciplinary lens, we endeavor to illuminate a path strewn with statistical significance and enigmatic revelations, beckoning the curious mind to traverse this unanticipated junction of environmental impacts and internet intrigue.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Jamestown, New York and Google searches for 'snoop dog'. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends . You used data from 2004 to 2023

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Unraveling the Smokescreen: A Correlative Study on Air Pollution in Jamestown, New York and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dog'

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the seemingly uncharted territory of the relationship between air pollution and the search behavior of the internet populace, specifically with regard to the illustrious figure of 'Snoop Dog.' Utilizing data obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we analyzed a time span from 2004 to 2023, uncovering a substantial correlation coefficient of 0.8463528 and a remarkably significant p-value of less than 0.01. Our findings illuminate an unexpectedly strong link between air pollution levels in Jamestown, New York, and the virtual voyages of netizens through the enigmatic landscape of 'Snoop Dog' searches. These findings not only elevate the discourse on environmental impacts but also invite further inquiry into the whims of internet browsing behavior. We invite the reader to join us in our journey through this unanticipated intersection of air quality and internet intrigue.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The 21st century has witnessed a burgeoning interest in the interplay between environmental factors and human behavior. From the impact of air pollution on physical health to the influence of internet search trends on popular culture, researchers have tirelessly striven to unravel the complex web of connections that permeate our modern existence. In this vein, our study sets out to explore an unusual juxtaposition—the correlation between air pollution in the charming city of Jamestown, New York, and the virtual pursuits of individuals seeking insights into the life and artistry of the iconic "Snoop Dogg."
As an unassuming city nestled in the picturesque landscapes of Western New York, Jamestown may not be the first place that comes to mind in discussions of air pollution. Similarly, the legendary figure of Snoop Dogg, known for his lyrical prowess and magnetic stage presence, may seem a world apart from the tranquil streets of this industrious city. However, as we embark on our investigation, we find ourselves peering through the looking glass into a realm of unexpected correlations and enigmatic revelations.
The confluence of environmental data from the Environmental Protection Agency and the rich tapestry of Google search trends has unveiled a connection that transcends traditional boundaries. Our study illuminates a robust correlation coefficient of 0.8463528 and a p-value of less than 0.01, signaling a resounding statistical significance that demands attention. This captivating linkage promises to not only broaden our understanding of air quality dynamics but also beckons us into the labyrinthine realm of online curiosity and intrigue.
By weaving together the threads of air pollution levels and the virtual footprints of 'Snoop Dogg' seekers, our research endeavors to shed light on a dynamic interplay that beckons further inquiry. Join us as we traverse the unexpected and the unexplored, where the trail of air pollutants intersects with the digital quests for a rap icon, creating a convergence that defies convention and beckons the inquisitive mind to delve deeper.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To embark on our quest to unravel the connection between air pollution in Jamestown, New York, and Google searches for 'Snoop Dog,' we employed a multifaceted and quirky approach that mirrored the offbeat nature of our research question. Our team concocted a blend of traditional data analysis methods and digital sleuthing to unearth the hidden links between these seemingly disparate elements.

First and foremost, we gathered a robust dataset spanning the years 2004 to 2023 from the ever-watchful eyes of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Armed with this treasure trove of environmental data, we proceeded to meticulously analyze the levels of various air pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone, characteristic of the atmospheric ensemble surrounding Jamestown, New York.

Simultaneously, we embarked on a digital expedition through the vast expanse of Google Trends, meticulously tracking the ebb and flow of searches for the enigmatic entity known as 'Snoop Dog.' Through this virtual odyssey, we harnessed the power of search query data to unravel the digital footprints left by individuals delving into the realm of Snoop Dogg's music, cultural influence, and unfathomable charisma.

With our two parallel streams of data in hand, we then embarked on the thrilling endeavor of merging these divergent realms. Employing statistically rigorous techniques, including correlation analysis and time-series modeling, we methodically scrutinized the patterns within our datasets to uncover any meaningful associations, regardless of how outlandish they might seem.

It is imperative to note the challenges we faced in this unconventional junction of environmental and internet-based data. The peculiarities of human online behavior and the caprices of atmospheric dynamics introduced an element of unpredictability that kept our research team on the edge of their seats. In navigating this uncharted terrain, we encountered technical hurdles and unexpected quirks, prompting both head-scratching moments and fits of laughter as we navigated the capricious seas of data analysis.

Ultimately, our analysis culminated in the unearthing of a remarkably strong correlation coefficient of 0.8463528 and a p-value of less than 0.01, defying the odds and lending weight to our unconventional hypothesis. This statistical revelation was not only unexpected but also injected a sense of exhilaration into our scholarly pursuits, cementing our belief in the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated phenomena.

In essence, our methodology championed a blend of conventional data analysis techniques and a whimsical spirit of curiosity, epitomizing the serendipitous nature of uncovering correlations in the most unexpected of places. Join us as we venture into the enigmatic intersection of air pollution and 'Snoop Dog' searches, where the academic endeavor metamorphoses into an enchanting journey through the labyrinthine realm of unanticipated connections.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Jamestown, New York and Google searches for 'snoop dog'. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Unraveling the Smokescreen: A Correlative Study on Air Pollution in Jamestown, New York and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dog'

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the seemingly uncharted territory of the relationship between air pollution and the search behavior of the internet populace, specifically with regard to the illustrious figure of 'Snoop Dog.' Utilizing data obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we analyzed a time span from 2004 to 2023, uncovering a substantial correlation coefficient of 0.8463528 and a remarkably significant p-value of less than 0.01. Our findings illuminate an unexpectedly strong link between air pollution levels in Jamestown, New York, and the virtual voyages of netizens through the enigmatic landscape of 'Snoop Dog' searches. These findings not only elevate the discourse on environmental impacts but also invite further inquiry into the whims of internet browsing behavior. We invite the reader to join us in our journey through this unanticipated intersection of air quality and internet intrigue.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
A wealth of literature exists on the intersections of environmental factors and human behavior, facilitating our understanding of the intricate dynamics at play. Smith et al. (2015) demonstrated the deleterious effects of air pollution on respiratory health, underscoring the pressing need for stringent environmental regulations. Similarly, Doe and Jones (2018) explored the far-reaching impact of internet search trends on popular culture, highlighting the power of virtual voyages in shaping societal narratives.
Building upon these foundational studies, we now venture into the uncharted territory of the relationship between air pollution in Jamestown, New York, and the quest for 'Snoop Dogg.' The renowned work of "Environmental Impacts on Urban Areas" (Green, 2016) provides a comprehensive overview of air pollution dynamics, laying the groundwork for our exploration of Jamestown's atmospheric intricacies.
In the realm of popular culture and virtual quests, "Digital Age: The Sociology of Online Behavior" (Brown, 2017) drills into the nuances of internet exploration, offering insights that reverberate through our investigation of 'Snoop Dogg' searches. Additionally, "The Virtual Odyssey: Navigating Cyberspace" (Black, 2019) eloquently delves into the enigmatic world of online intrigue, setting the stage for our foray into the digital footprints of 'Snoop Dogg' enthusiasts.
Transitioning from non-fiction to the realm of fiction, the timeless classic "The Great Gatsby" (Fitzgerald, 1925) weaves a narrative of opulence and allure, echoing the magnetic charisma of Snoop Dogg's persona. Moreover, "Scent of a Woman" (Bozza, 1986) captures the essence of virtual pursuits and hidden desires, reminiscent of the curious quests for 'Snoop Dogg' that populate the virtual realm.
In a tangentially related domain, cinematic voyages have often mirrored the whimsical nuances of human behavior. "The Matrix" (Wachowski, 1999) envisions a world where reality blurs with virtual constructs, offering a parallel to the enigmatic landscape of internet searches. Likewise, "The Social Network" (Sorkin, 2010) unravels the intricacies of human connectivity in the digital age, resonating with our quest to unearth the interplay between air pollution and 'Snoop Dogg' searches.
As we embark on this unconventional journey, we are poised to unravel the smokescreen veiling the unexpected correlation between air pollution in Jamestown, New York, and the virtual pursuits of 'Snoop Dogg' aficionados. Through this interdisciplinary lens, we endeavor to illuminate a path strewn with statistical significance and enigmatic revelations, beckoning the curious mind to traverse this unanticipated junction of environmental impacts and internet intrigue.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the relationship between air pollution in Jamestown, New York, and Google searches for 'Snoop Dogg' yielded intriguing results. Our research revealed a strong correlation coefficient of 0.8463528, indicating a robust association between these seemingly disparate variables. The substantial r-squared value of 0.7163131 further underscored the notable degree to which air pollution levels align with the ebb and flow of online inquiries about the enigmatic persona of 'Snoop Dogg.'
Figure 1 depicts a scatterplot illustrating the striking correlation between air pollution and 'Snoop Dogg' searches. This visual representation vividly captures the alignment of these divergent phenomena, inviting contemplation on the curious interplay between environmental factors and internet pursuits. The figure, much like a surrealist painting, portrays the unexpected union of air quality dynamics and virtual explorations into the realm of a celebrated rap icon.
Furthermore, the p-value of less than 0.01 elucidates the statistical significance of our findings, affirming the legitimacy of the observed relationship. This compelling evidence challenges traditional perceptions, urging us to recognize the intricate interweaving of environmental influences and digital inquisitiveness.
As we unravel this conundrum of 'Snoop Dogg' searches and air pollution levels, we are confronted with a captivating fusion of disciplines—a melding of atmospheric science and virtual escapades. The unmistakable correlation we uncovered not only sheds light on the impact of air quality on internet inquiries but also encourages a whimsical pondering of the enigmatic connections that traverse the realms of environmental data and cyberspace.
In essence, our research has unearthed a hitherto overlooked synergy between air pollution in Jamestown, New York, and the virtual journey of 'Snoop Dogg' enthusiasts. These findings prompt contemplation on the whimsical interconnections that permeate our world, beckoning us to venture beyond the conventional boundaries of academic inquiry.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The observed correlation between air pollution in Jamestown, New York and Google searches for 'Snoop Dogg' has unearthed a curious connection that transcends conventional disciplinary boundaries. Our findings align with prior research, supporting the literature's assertions regarding the influence of environmental factors on human behavior and the digital realm. This unanticipated linkage not only underscores the pervasive impact of air pollution on human activities but also engenders a whimsical exploration of the intricate entanglements that traverse virtual quests and atmospheric dynamics.

The notion of a "Snoop Dogg" connection with air pollution might seem far-fetched at first glance. However, as we ponder the insightful works of Smith et al. (2015) and Green (2016) in elucidating the adverse effects of air pollution on human health, we recognize the underlying influence of environmental factors on individuals' physiological well-being. Our findings build upon this foundation, weaving a narrative of the unexpected convergence of atmospheric dynamics and virtual voyages in the enigmatic realm of 'Snoop Dogg' searches.

Delving deeper into the literature review, the works of Doe and Jones (2018), Brown (2017), and Black (2019) shed light on the captivating allure of online exploration and its resonance with societal narratives. These contributions validate our endeavor to unravel the digital footprints of 'Snoop Dogg' enthusiasts amidst the atmospheric nuances of Jamestown, New York. Moreover, as we draw inspiration from the timeless allure of "The Great Gatsby" (Fitzgerald, 1925) and the essence of hidden desires captured in "Scent of a Woman" (Bozza, 1986), we embrace the whimsical undercurrents of virtual pursuits, transcending the conventional realm of academic discourse.

The statistical significance of our findings, as evidenced by the robust correlation coefficient and the strikingly low p-value, buttresses the legitimacy of this seemingly whimsical correlation. Much like a surrealist painting, the scatterplot in Figure 1 portrays the unexpected union of air quality dynamics and virtual explorations into the realm of a celebrated rap icon, inviting contemplation on the curious interplay between environmental factors and internet pursuits.

In essence, our research challenges traditional paradigms, inviting us to recognize the whimsical interplay between air pollution in Jamestown, New York, and the virtual quests of 'Snoop Dogg' aficionados. These revelatory findings prompt contemplation on the enigmatic connections that traverse the realms of environmental data and cyberspace—beckoning us to venture beyond the conventional boundaries of academic inquiry into the uncharted territories of interdisciplinary whimsy.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Jamestown, New York and Google searches for 'snoop dog'. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Unraveling the Smokescreen: A Correlative Study on Air Pollution in Jamestown, New York and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dog'

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into the seemingly uncharted territory of the relationship between air pollution and the search behavior of the internet populace, specifically with regard to the illustrious figure of 'Snoop Dog.' Utilizing data obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we analyzed a time span from 2004 to 2023, uncovering a substantial correlation coefficient of 0.8463528 and a remarkably significant p-value of less than 0.01. Our findings illuminate an unexpectedly strong link between air pollution levels in Jamestown, New York, and the virtual voyages of netizens through the enigmatic landscape of 'Snoop Dog' searches. These findings not only elevate the discourse on environmental impacts but also invite further inquiry into the whims of internet browsing behavior. We invite the reader to join us in our journey through this unanticipated intersection of air quality and internet intrigue.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The 21st century has witnessed a burgeoning interest in the interplay between environmental factors and human behavior. From the impact of air pollution on physical health to the influence of internet search trends on popular culture, researchers have tirelessly striven to unravel the complex web of connections that permeate our modern existence. In this vein, our study sets out to explore an unusual juxtaposition—the correlation between air pollution in the charming city of Jamestown, New York, and the virtual pursuits of individuals seeking insights into the life and artistry of the iconic "Snoop Dogg."
As an unassuming city nestled in the picturesque landscapes of Western New York, Jamestown may not be the first place that comes to mind in discussions of air pollution. Similarly, the legendary figure of Snoop Dogg, known for his lyrical prowess and magnetic stage presence, may seem a world apart from the tranquil streets of this industrious city. However, as we embark on our investigation, we find ourselves peering through the looking glass into a realm of unexpected correlations and enigmatic revelations.
The confluence of environmental data from the Environmental Protection Agency and the rich tapestry of Google search trends has unveiled a connection that transcends traditional boundaries. Our study illuminates a robust correlation coefficient of 0.8463528 and a p-value of less than 0.01, signaling a resounding statistical significance that demands attention. This captivating linkage promises to not only broaden our understanding of air quality dynamics but also beckons us into the labyrinthine realm of online curiosity and intrigue.
By weaving together the threads of air pollution levels and the virtual footprints of 'Snoop Dogg' seekers, our research endeavors to shed light on a dynamic interplay that beckons further inquiry. Join us as we traverse the unexpected and the unexplored, where the trail of air pollutants intersects with the digital quests for a rap icon, creating a convergence that defies convention and beckons the inquisitive mind to delve deeper.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the relationship between air pollution in Jamestown, New York, and Google searches for 'Snoop Dogg' yielded intriguing results. Our research revealed a strong correlation coefficient of 0.8463528, indicating a robust association between these seemingly disparate variables. The substantial r-squared value of 0.7163131 further underscored the notable degree to which air pollution levels align with the ebb and flow of online inquiries about the enigmatic persona of 'Snoop Dogg.'
Figure 1 depicts a scatterplot illustrating the striking correlation between air pollution and 'Snoop Dogg' searches. This visual representation vividly captures the alignment of these divergent phenomena, inviting contemplation on the curious interplay between environmental factors and internet pursuits. The figure, much like a surrealist painting, portrays the unexpected union of air quality dynamics and virtual explorations into the realm of a celebrated rap icon.
Furthermore, the p-value of less than 0.01 elucidates the statistical significance of our findings, affirming the legitimacy of the observed relationship. This compelling evidence challenges traditional perceptions, urging us to recognize the intricate interweaving of environmental influences and digital inquisitiveness.
As we unravel this conundrum of 'Snoop Dogg' searches and air pollution levels, we are confronted with a captivating fusion of disciplines—a melding of atmospheric science and virtual escapades. The unmistakable correlation we uncovered not only sheds light on the impact of air quality on internet inquiries but also encourages a whimsical pondering of the enigmatic connections that traverse the realms of environmental data and cyberspace.
In essence, our research has unearthed a hitherto overlooked synergy between air pollution in Jamestown, New York, and the virtual journey of 'Snoop Dogg' enthusiasts. These findings prompt contemplation on the whimsical interconnections that permeate our world, beckoning us to venture beyond the conventional boundaries of academic inquiry.

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Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our study reveals an unexpected and robust correlation between air pollution in Jamestown, New York, and Google searches for 'Snoop Dogg.' The substantial correlation coefficient of 0.8463528 and the remarkably significant p-value of less than 0.01 underscore the undeniable link between environmental air quality and virtual voyages into the world of the iconic rapper. It's as if the smokescreen of air pollution in Jamestown has lifted, revealing a surprisingly clear connection to the online intrigue surrounding the legendary Snoop Dogg. Our findings not only illuminate the impact of air pollution on internet behavior but also raise intriguing questions about the whims and fancies of online searching.

The visual representation in Figure 1, with its similarity to a surrealist painting, vividly captures the unexpected union of air quality dynamics and virtual explorations into the realm of a celebrated rap icon. It's almost as if Salvador Dali himself had a hand in crafting this curious correlation. The p-value of less than 0.01, much like a magician's trick, has revealed the statistical significance of this unlikely connection, leaving us pondering the mysterious ways in which environmental influences intertwine with digital exploration.

The implications of this study extend beyond the realms of air quality and internet searches, beckoning us to journey into the uncharted territories of interdisciplinary research. However, it's worth noting that further studies in this area may lead to a slippery slope of puns, as we delve into the 'foggy' relationship between air pollution and online searches, and potentially 'hazy' connections between environmental factors and pop culture icons. Therefore, we assert that no more research is needed in this area, for the sake of maintaining the integrity of academic inquiry and sparing the world from an onslaught of air pollution-related rap puns.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Unraveling the Smokescreen: A Correlative Study on Air Pollution in Jamestown, New York and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dog'. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Urban Environments

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Unraveling the Smokescreen: A Correlative Study on Air Pollution in Jamestown, New York and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dog'. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Quirky Environmental Research and Investigation

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Unraveling the Smokescreen: A Correlative Study on Air Pollution in Jamestown, New York and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dog' with an abstract of In this study, we delve into the seemingly uncharted territory of the relationship between air pollution and the search behavior of the internet populace, specifically with regard to the illustrious figure of 'Snoop Dog.' Utilizing data obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we analyzed a time span from 2004 to 2023, uncovering a substantial correlation coefficient of 0.8463528 and a remarkably significant p-value of less than 0.01. Our findings illuminate an unexpectedly strong link between air pollution levels in Jamestown, New York, and the virtual voyages of netizens through the enigmatic landscape of 'Snoop Dog' searches. These findings not only elevate the discourse on environmental impacts but also invite further inquiry into the whims of internet browsing behavior. We invite the reader to join us in our journey through this unanticipated intersection of air quality and internet intrigue.

ChatGPT:

Jamestown New York, air pollution, Snoop Dog, Google searches, correlation study, internet behavior, Environmental Protection Agency, Google Trends

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Air pollution in Jamestown, New York
Detailed data title: Percentage of days with air quality at 'unhealthy for sensitive groups' or worse in Jamestown-Dunkirk-Fredonia, NY
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air pollution in Jamestown, New York

Google searches for 'snoop dog'
Detailed data title: Relative volume of Google searches for 'snoop dog' (Worldwide, without quotes)
Source: Google Trends
Additional Info: ^{See full details} Relative search volume (not absolute numbers)

See what else correlates with Google searches for 'snoop dog'

Correlation r = 0.8463528 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.7163131 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 71.6% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Google searches for 'snoop dog') is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Air pollution in Jamestown, New York) over the 20 years from 2004 through 2023.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 2.6E-6.^Show 0.0000025587545849207366000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.85 in 0.00026% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 390,815 random variables^Note You don't actually need 390 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 19 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 19 because we have two variables measured over a period of 20 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.65, 0.94 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Air pollution in Jamestown, New York (Bad air quality days)	0.0438356	0.0821918	0.060274	0.0684932	0.0273224	0.00821918	0.0438356	0.0164384	0.0464481	0.00288184	0.00560224	0.0138122	0.00826446	0.00578035	0.0111732	0.00291545	0	0.00277008	0.0112676	0.0165975
Google searches for 'snoop dog' (Rel. search volume)	50.8333	67.9167	40.5833	38.5	32.9167	24.3333	21.25	24.6667	17.75	13.5833	17.5	17.9167	15.25	11.25	9.41667	8.91667	9.41667	8.75	13.3333	10.4444

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([0.0438356,0.0821918,0.060274,0.0684932,0.0273224,0.00821918,0.0438356,0.0164384,0.0464481,0.00288184,0.00560224,0.0138122,0.00826446,0.00578035,0.0111732,0.00291545,0,0.00277008,0.0112676,0.0165975,])
array_2 = np.array([50.8333,67.9167,40.5833,38.5,32.9167,24.3333,21.25,24.6667,17.75,13.5833,17.5,17.9167,15.25,11.25,9.41667,8.91667,9.41667,8.75,13.3333,10.4444,])
array_1_name = "Air pollution in Jamestown, New York"
array_2_name = "Google searches for 'snoop dog'"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Air pollution in Jamestown, New York
Line chart for only Google searches for 'snoop dog'
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Unraveling the Smokescreen: A Correlative Study on Air Pollution in Jamestown, New York and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dog'

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Correlation ID: 4797 · Black Variable ID: 22201 · Red Variable ID: 1526


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