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Spurious correlation #4,711 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air quality in Tallahassee and the second variable is Google searches for 'how to make baby'.  The chart goes from 2004 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

The higher oxygen levels led to an increase in energy and vitality, prompting more romantic activities and ultimately, more curiosity about the baby-making process. It's like Tallahassee became the love capital, where even the air was whispering, "Let's make some little Tallahasseans."

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: [ Whimsical illustration ]: Create an image showing a serene park scene in Tallahassee, with vibrant green trees swaying gently under a clear blue sky. Two cute, cartoon-like couples are walking hand in hand, with bright energy radiating from their happy faces. In the background, incorporate playful elements like mysterious love potions and cupid's arrows to hint at the romantic and curious atmosphere as couples start asking "how to make a baby" in their Google search bars on their smartphones. Let the overall aesthetic and colors convey a sense of whimsy and cheer. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Concept art A comic-book-style illustration with muted colors and a dotted halftone pattern from the 1960s Cubism Photorealism Whimsical illustration
ChatGPT: Whimsical illustration

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby', in the following situation: The higher oxygen levels led to an increase in energy and vitality, prompting more romantic activities and ultimately, more curiosity about the baby-making process. It's like Tallahassee became the love capital, where even the air was whispering, "Let's make some little Tallahasseans.". Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In Tallahassee, the air is crisp and clean, with vibrant green trees swaying gently against a clear blue sky. People can be seen strolling through the park, holding hands and laughing, their faces aglow with energy. Meanwhile, on their smartphones, the Google search bar is filled with queries like "how to make a baby" as couples begin to feel curious and romantic.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Whimsical illustration ] and depicting this scene: In Tallahassee, the air is crisp and clean, with vibrant green trees swaying gently against a clear blue sky. People can be seen strolling through the park, holding hands and laughing, their faces aglow with energy. Meanwhile, on their smartphones, the Google search bar is filled with queries like "how to make a baby" as couples begin to feel curious and romantic. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: [ Whimsical illustration ]: Create an image showing a serene park scene in Tallahassee, with vibrant green trees swaying gently under a clear blue sky. Two cute, cartoon-like couples are walking hand in hand, with bright energy radiating from their happy faces. In the background, incorporate playful elements like mysterious love potions and cupid's arrows to hint at the romantic and curious atmosphere as couples start asking "how to make a baby" in their Google search bars on their smartphones. Let the overall aesthetic and colors convey a sense of whimsy and cheer.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Air quality in Tallahassee caused how to make baby (Google searches for 'how to make baby') to increase.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Breath of Fresh Heir: Examining the Relationship Between Air Quality in Tallahassee and Google Searches for 'How to Make Baby'

The Journal of Quirky Environmental Research

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Make the title punny if you can come up with clever pun. If not, just make it sound clever.

Your research team used data from Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9318618 and p < 0.01 for 2004 to 2023.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
Breath of Fresh Heir: Examining the Relationship Between Air Quality in Tallahassee and Google Searches for 'How to Make Baby'

[[ABSTRACT]]
This groundbreaking study investigates the intriguing correlation between air quality in Tallahassee and online searches related to procreation. By utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends spanning from 2004 to 2023, we have unearthed a statistically significant relationship between particulate matter and parental aspirations. Our findings reveal a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9318618 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a robust connection between air quality and the quest for adding tiny feet to households. The implications of this study extend beyond mere statistical associations, as it invites speculation on the impact of clean air on the reproductive instincts of the populace. Our research contributes not only to the fields of public health and environmental science but also to the subtle and curious intricacies of human behavior. In conclusion, it appears clear that when it comes to starting a family, clean air may indeed provide a breath of fresh heir.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Breath of Fresh Heir: Examining the Relationship Between Air Quality in Tallahassee and Google Searches for 'How to Make Baby'

[[ABSTRACT]]
This groundbreaking study investigates the intriguing correlation between air quality in Tallahassee and online searches related to procreation. By utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends spanning from 2004 to 2023, we have unearthed a statistically significant relationship between particulate matter and parental aspirations. Our findings reveal a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9318618 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a robust connection between air quality and the quest for adding tiny feet to households. The implications of this study extend beyond mere statistical associations, as it invites speculation on the impact of clean air on the reproductive instincts of the populace. Our research contributes not only to the fields of public health and environmental science but also to the subtle and curious intricacies of human behavior. In conclusion, it appears clear that when it comes to starting a family, clean air may indeed provide a breath of fresh heir.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
INTRODUCTION

The connection between air quality and human health has long been a subject of importance in public policy and environmental regulation. However, in recent years, the potential impact of air quality on more nuanced aspects of human behavior has also drawn attention. In this vein, our study delves into the rather unexpected domain of procreative interests and their potential correlation with air quality, specifically focusing on the city of Tallahassee. We aim to shed light on the whimsical yet intriguing relationship between breathing clean air and the desire to expand one's family tree.

The choice of Tallahassee as the focal point of our investigation was not arbitrary. Nestled in the heart of Florida, the city experiences a diverse range of air quality dynamics, influenced by both urban activities and natural environmental factors. Additionally, Tallahassee's distinct cultural and demographic landscape offers a fertile ground for examining the interplay of air quality and human reproductive inclinations.

It should be noted that our study is not merely an exercise in statistical quackery, but rather a thoughtful attempt to parse out the potential signals amidst the noise of seemingly disparate variables. By employing Google search data for the query 'How to Make Baby' as a measure of parental aspirations, we have embarked on a whimsical expedition through the digital footprints of prospective progenitors. This peculiar choice of metric has allowed us to peer into the subconscious inclinations of individuals as they navigate the atmospheric conditions of their surroundings.

Furthermore, our research extends beyond the mere observation of numerical patterns; it is a testament to the multifaceted nature of human behavior and its interaction with environmental stimuli. We understand that some may regard our endeavor with arched eyebrows and bemused skepticism, but we assure the reader that our intentions are anchored in the pursuit of knowledge, albeit with a dose of lighthearted curiosity.

As we embark on this scientific escapade, we are mindful of the pitfalls and perils that await us in the wilderness of correlations and causations. Yet, armed with robust statistical methodologies, we chart our course with cautious optimism, buoyed by the tantalizing prospect of uncovering unexpected connections between air quality and the perennial pursuit of propagating the species.

In summary, with our scientific spectacles firmly perched on our noses, we invite the esteemed reader to join us in this scholarly romp through the curious crossroads of air quality and the quest for progeny. For as we shall see, a breath of fresh heir may not only be a whimsical play on words but an intriguing statistical reality waiting to be uncovered.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then devolve ever further, and mention something completely ridiculous, like you conducted literature review by reading the backs of shampoo bottles.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Breath of Fresh Heir: Examining the Relationship Between Air Quality in Tallahassee and Google Searches for 'How to Make Baby'

[[ABSTRACT]]
This groundbreaking study investigates the intriguing correlation between air quality in Tallahassee and online searches related to procreation. By utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends spanning from 2004 to 2023, we have unearthed a statistically significant relationship between particulate matter and parental aspirations. Our findings reveal a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9318618 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a robust connection between air quality and the quest for adding tiny feet to households. The implications of this study extend beyond mere statistical associations, as it invites speculation on the impact of clean air on the reproductive instincts of the populace. Our research contributes not only to the fields of public health and environmental science but also to the subtle and curious intricacies of human behavior. In conclusion, it appears clear that when it comes to starting a family, clean air may indeed provide a breath of fresh heir.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
The connection between air quality and human health has long been a subject of importance in public policy and environmental regulation. However, in recent years, the potential impact of air quality on more nuanced aspects of human behavior has also drawn attention. In this vein, our study delves into the rather unexpected domain of procreative interests and their potential correlation with air quality, specifically focusing on the city of Tallahassee. We aim to shed light on the whimsical yet intriguing relationship between breathing clean air and the desire to expand one's family tree.
The choice of Tallahassee as the focal point of our investigation was not arbitrary. Nestled in the heart of Florida, the city experiences a diverse range of air quality dynamics, influenced by both urban activities and natural environmental factors. Additionally, Tallahassee's distinct cultural and demographic landscape offers a fertile ground for examining the interplay of air quality and human reproductive inclinations.
It should be noted that our study is not merely an exercise in statistical quackery, but rather a thoughtful attempt to parse out the potential signals amidst the noise of seemingly disparate variables. By employing Google search data for the query 'How to Make Baby' as a measure of parental aspirations, we have embarked on a whimsical expedition through the digital footprints of prospective progenitors. This peculiar choice of metric has allowed us to peer into the subconscious inclinations of individuals as they navigate the atmospheric conditions of their surroundings.
Furthermore, our research extends beyond the mere observation of numerical patterns; it is a testament to the multifaceted nature of human behavior and its interaction with environmental stimuli. We understand that some may regard our endeavor with arched eyebrows and bemused skepticism, but we assure the reader that our intentions are anchored in the pursuit of knowledge, albeit with a dose of lighthearted curiosity.
As we embark on this scientific escapade, we are mindful of the pitfalls and perils that await us in the wilderness of correlations and causations. Yet, armed with robust statistical methodologies, we chart our course with cautious optimism, buoyed by the tantalizing prospect of uncovering unexpected connections between air quality and the perennial pursuit of propagating the species.
In summary, with our scientific spectacles firmly perched on our noses, we invite the esteemed reader to join us in this scholarly romp through the curious crossroads of air quality and the quest for progeny. For as we shall see, a breath of fresh heir may not only be a whimsical play on words but an intriguing statistical reality waiting to be uncovered.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The relationship between air quality and human behavior has been the subject of extensive scholarly inquiry. In "Smith et al.'s study," the authors find a significant association between air pollution and adverse health effects, highlighting the potential ramifications of environmental factors on public well-being. Similarly, in "Doe's investigation," the researchers uncover correlations between air quality and cognitive function, shedding light on the intricate interplay between atmospheric conditions and neuronal activities.

Expanding on this line of inquiry, we turn our attention to the potential connection between air quality in Tallahassee and online searches for instructions on conceiving offspring. Despite the seemingly whimsical nature of this investigation, a comprehensive review of the literature reveals intriguing clues and hints that prompt further exploration.

In "Air Pollution and Public Health" by Jones, the author addresses the wide-ranging impacts of air quality on human physiology and mental well-being, providing a foundation for considering the more idiosyncratic effects of air pollution. Furthermore, "Atmospheric Dynamics in Urban Environments" by White delves into the complex interactions between urban air quality and societal dynamics, hinting at the potential influence of atmospheric conditions on human behavior in unexpected domains.

Moving beyond the realm of academic research, notable non-fiction works such as "The Air We Breathe: A Cultural History of Air Pollution" by Black offer insights into the cultural and societal perceptions of air quality, fostering a deeper understanding of the broader implications of our investigation. In a similar vein, "Breathless: A Novel of Suspense" by Green intricately weaves the theme of air pollution into a captivating narrative, tantalizing the imagination with the enigmatic allure of clean air and its repercussions.

As we venture into the periphery of conventional scholarly literature, we encounter unconventional sources of potential insight. The authors must confess to perusing the back of shampoo bottles, seeking enlightenment in the most unexpected of places. Although the text was regrettably devoid of pertinent revelations, it initiated a renewed appreciation for the diverse sources of knowledge in our pursuit of understanding the intricate relationship between air quality and the timeless quest for progeny.

In the spirit of scholarly discourse, our review of the literature sets the stage for our unconventional investigation, underpinning our pursuit with a foundation of academic rigor while embracing the whimsical and serendipitous elements inherent in the exploration of uncharted scientific terrain.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends . You used data from 2004 to 2023

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Breath of Fresh Heir: Examining the Relationship Between Air Quality in Tallahassee and Google Searches for 'How to Make Baby'

[[ABSTRACT]]
This groundbreaking study investigates the intriguing correlation between air quality in Tallahassee and online searches related to procreation. By utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends spanning from 2004 to 2023, we have unearthed a statistically significant relationship between particulate matter and parental aspirations. Our findings reveal a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9318618 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a robust connection between air quality and the quest for adding tiny feet to households. The implications of this study extend beyond mere statistical associations, as it invites speculation on the impact of clean air on the reproductive instincts of the populace. Our research contributes not only to the fields of public health and environmental science but also to the subtle and curious intricacies of human behavior. In conclusion, it appears clear that when it comes to starting a family, clean air may indeed provide a breath of fresh heir.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
The connection between air quality and human health has long been a subject of importance in public policy and environmental regulation. However, in recent years, the potential impact of air quality on more nuanced aspects of human behavior has also drawn attention. In this vein, our study delves into the rather unexpected domain of procreative interests and their potential correlation with air quality, specifically focusing on the city of Tallahassee. We aim to shed light on the whimsical yet intriguing relationship between breathing clean air and the desire to expand one's family tree.
The choice of Tallahassee as the focal point of our investigation was not arbitrary. Nestled in the heart of Florida, the city experiences a diverse range of air quality dynamics, influenced by both urban activities and natural environmental factors. Additionally, Tallahassee's distinct cultural and demographic landscape offers a fertile ground for examining the interplay of air quality and human reproductive inclinations.
It should be noted that our study is not merely an exercise in statistical quackery, but rather a thoughtful attempt to parse out the potential signals amidst the noise of seemingly disparate variables. By employing Google search data for the query 'How to Make Baby' as a measure of parental aspirations, we have embarked on a whimsical expedition through the digital footprints of prospective progenitors. This peculiar choice of metric has allowed us to peer into the subconscious inclinations of individuals as they navigate the atmospheric conditions of their surroundings.
Furthermore, our research extends beyond the mere observation of numerical patterns; it is a testament to the multifaceted nature of human behavior and its interaction with environmental stimuli. We understand that some may regard our endeavor with arched eyebrows and bemused skepticism, but we assure the reader that our intentions are anchored in the pursuit of knowledge, albeit with a dose of lighthearted curiosity.
As we embark on this scientific escapade, we are mindful of the pitfalls and perils that await us in the wilderness of correlations and causations. Yet, armed with robust statistical methodologies, we chart our course with cautious optimism, buoyed by the tantalizing prospect of uncovering unexpected connections between air quality and the perennial pursuit of propagating the species.
In summary, with our scientific spectacles firmly perched on our noses, we invite the esteemed reader to join us in this scholarly romp through the curious crossroads of air quality and the quest for progeny. For as we shall see, a breath of fresh heir may not only be a whimsical play on words but an intriguing statistical reality waiting to be uncovered.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

Data Collection:
Our research team embarked on a digital odyssey to collect the necessary data for this investigation. We scoured the expansive repository of the Environmental Protection Agency, meticulously gathering air quality data for Tallahassee from 2004 to 2023. The atmospheric variables of interest included particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and sulfur dioxide, each viewed through the lens of hourly, daily, and monthly averages. To complement this environmental odyssey, we delved into the enigmatic realms of Google Trends, extracting the search volume index for the query 'How to Make Baby'. Our unabashed expedition through the labyrinthine corridors of the internet yielded a trove of clickstream data that encapsulated the contemplations of aspiring parents navigating the digital ether.

Data Preprocessing:
Our data underwent a vigorous regimen of cleansing and grooming, akin to the meticulous preparation of a finicky laboratory specimen. We addressed missing values, outliers, and discrepancies with the fastidiousness of a caretaker grooming a prized topiary. Standardization and normalization techniques were applied to ensure that the disparate data sources harmonized in a symphony of statistical compatibility. Through the judicious application of Python, R, and arcane incantations muttered in the language of data science, we prepared our dataset for the grand revelry of statistical analysis.

Statistical Analysis:
With our data primed and preened for scrutiny, we initiated a polyamorous affair with statistical models, ranging from the humble linear regression to the exotic ensemble methods. Utilizing these tools of statistical seduction, we embarked on a passionate tryst with correlation analysis, bestowing affectionate glances upon the Pearson and Spearman coefficients. Our ardor did not wane as we dallied with time series analysis, wielding autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models like Cupid's arrows aimed at unraveling the temporal dynamics of air quality and romantic cravings.

The majestic dance of hypothesis testing enveloped our analytical mise-en-scène, as we sought to ascertain the statistical significance of the observed relationships. A veritable menagerie of p-values, confidence intervals, and effect sizes frolicked through our inferential landscape, with the resolute intent to illuminate the ponderous pathways of causation and correlation.

Model Validation:
To assuage the capricious whims of the statistical gods, we subjected our models to a rigorous rite of validation. Our techniques encompassed the artisanal craft of cross-validation, in which our models were paraded through a procession of data partitions to affirm their mettle against overfitting and generalizability maladies. The purity of our models’ predictions was ascertained through the ritualistic comparison of mean squared errors, residual analyses, and diagnostic plots, ensuring that our findings bore the stamp of statistical robustness.

Ethical Considerations:
Throughout this scientific escapade, we remained conscientious custodians of ethical prudence. The privacy and confidentiality of individuals contributing to the digital breadcrumbs of Google searches were upheld with the solemnity of a scholarly vow. Furthermore, our interpretations and inferences were heralded with the banners of cautious objectivity, mindful of the potential for misinterpretation and sensationalization of our findings.

Limitations:
As we stand at the precipice of scientific endeavor, it is incumbent upon us to acknowledge the caverns of uncertainty that loom in the shadows of our research. The limitations of our study include the inherent constraints of observational data, the potential influences of confounding variables, and the ecological fallacy that may cloak our findings in the shroud of misinterpretation. Alas, the labyrinthine nature of human behavior and the enigmatic nuances of search engine queries may veil the true dynamics at play, accentuating the call for cautious interpretation of our results.

In conclusion, our methodological expedition was not without its twists and turns, reminiscent of a whimsical trek through the uncharted territories of statistical inquiry. Armed with the venerable tools of data science and a healthy dose of scientific curiosity, we embarked on a merry waltz through the interwoven realms of air quality and the perennial procreative quest. As the data dust settles, we eagerly anticipate the revelry of unveiling our empirical findings.

-------
I incorporated subtle jokes, goofy observations, and puns throughout the methodology section, integrating humor seamlessly into the formal academic tone. Let me know if you’d like me to refine or expand any aspect of the methodology further!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends .

For the time period 2004 to 2023, you found a correlation 0.9318618, r-squared of 0.8683663, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Breath of Fresh Heir: Examining the Relationship Between Air Quality in Tallahassee and Google Searches for 'How to Make Baby'

[[ABSTRACT]]
This groundbreaking study investigates the intriguing correlation between air quality in Tallahassee and online searches related to procreation. By utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends spanning from 2004 to 2023, we have unearthed a statistically significant relationship between particulate matter and parental aspirations. Our findings reveal a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9318618 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a robust connection between air quality and the quest for adding tiny feet to households. The implications of this study extend beyond mere statistical associations, as it invites speculation on the impact of clean air on the reproductive instincts of the populace. Our research contributes not only to the fields of public health and environmental science but also to the subtle and curious intricacies of human behavior. In conclusion, it appears clear that when it comes to starting a family, clean air may indeed provide a breath of fresh heir.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
INTRODUCTION
The connection between air quality and human health has long been a subject of importance in public policy and environmental regulation. However, in recent years, the potential impact of air quality on more nuanced aspects of human behavior has also drawn attention. In this vein, our study delves into the rather unexpected domain of procreative interests and their potential correlation with air quality, specifically focusing on the city of Tallahassee. We aim to shed light on the whimsical yet intriguing relationship between breathing clean air and the desire to expand one's family tree.
The choice of Tallahassee as the focal point of our investigation was not arbitrary. Nestled in the heart of Florida, the city experiences a diverse range of air quality dynamics, influenced by both urban activities and natural environmental factors. Additionally, Tallahassee's distinct cultural and demographic landscape offers a fertile ground for examining the interplay of air quality and human reproductive inclinations.
It should be noted that our study is not merely an exercise in statistical quackery, but rather a thoughtful attempt to parse out the potential signals amidst the noise of seemingly disparate variables. By employing Google search data for the query 'How to Make Baby' as a measure of parental aspirations, we have embarked on a whimsical expedition through the digital footprints of prospective progenitors. This peculiar choice of metric has allowed us to peer into the subconscious inclinations of individuals as they navigate the atmospheric conditions of their surroundings.
Furthermore, our research extends beyond the mere observation of numerical patterns; it is a testament to the multifaceted nature of human behavior and its interaction with environmental stimuli. We understand that some may regard our endeavor with arched eyebrows and bemused skepticism, but we assure the reader that our intentions are anchored in the pursuit of knowledge, albeit with a dose of lighthearted curiosity.
As we embark on this scientific escapade, we are mindful of the pitfalls and perils that await us in the wilderness of correlations and causations. Yet, armed with robust statistical methodologies, we chart our course with cautious optimism, buoyed by the tantalizing prospect of uncovering unexpected connections between air quality and the perennial pursuit of propagating the species.
In summary, with our scientific spectacles firmly perched on our noses, we invite the esteemed reader to join us in this scholarly romp through the curious crossroads of air quality and the quest for progeny. For as we shall see, a breath of fresh heir may not only be a whimsical play on words but an intriguing statistical reality waiting to be uncovered.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The statistical analysis of the relationship between air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'How to Make Baby' yielded intriguing results. Our research uncovered a robust correlation between these seemingly disparate variables. The Pearson correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9318618, indicating a strong positive linear relationship between air quality and the frequency of online inquiries related to procreation. This commendable correlation was further supported by an r-squared value of 0.8683663, signifying that approximately 87% of the variability in 'How to Make Baby' searches can be explained by changes in air quality. Moreover, the p-value of less than 0.01 underscores the statistical significance of this association, providing compelling evidence of a genuine link between environmental air quality and the pursuit of parenthood.

Figure 1 illustrates the striking correlation between air quality and the frequency of Google searches for 'How to Make Baby', offering a visual representation of the robust relationship uncovered in our analysis.

It is important to note the limitations of our study, including the potential influence of confounding variables and the need for further exploration of causality. Nevertheless, the empirical findings from our comprehensive analysis provide compelling support for the notion that clean air may indeed serve as a catalyst for family planning endeavors. This study not only enriches the realm of environmental and public health research but also tickles the intellectual palate with the whimsical interplay of human tendencies and atmospheric conditions. In conclusion, it appears that when it comes to the delicate dance of starting a family, the air one breathes may indeed play a role in shaping the aspirations for a breath of fresh heir.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Breath of Fresh Heir: Examining the Relationship Between Air Quality in Tallahassee and Google Searches for 'How to Make Baby'

[[ABSTRACT]]
This groundbreaking study investigates the intriguing correlation between air quality in Tallahassee and online searches related to procreation. By utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends spanning from 2004 to 2023, we have unearthed a statistically significant relationship between particulate matter and parental aspirations. Our findings reveal a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9318618 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a robust connection between air quality and the quest for adding tiny feet to households. The implications of this study extend beyond mere statistical associations, as it invites speculation on the impact of clean air on the reproductive instincts of the populace. Our research contributes not only to the fields of public health and environmental science but also to the subtle and curious intricacies of human behavior. In conclusion, it appears clear that when it comes to starting a family, clean air may indeed provide a breath of fresh heir.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The relationship between air quality and human behavior has been the subject of extensive scholarly inquiry. In "Smith et al.'s study," the authors find a significant association between air pollution and adverse health effects, highlighting the potential ramifications of environmental factors on public well-being. Similarly, in "Doe's investigation," the researchers uncover correlations between air quality and cognitive function, shedding light on the intricate interplay between atmospheric conditions and neuronal activities.
Expanding on this line of inquiry, we turn our attention to the potential connection between air quality in Tallahassee and online searches for instructions on conceiving offspring. Despite the seemingly whimsical nature of this investigation, a comprehensive review of the literature reveals intriguing clues and hints that prompt further exploration.
In "Air Pollution and Public Health" by Jones, the author addresses the wide-ranging impacts of air quality on human physiology and mental well-being, providing a foundation for considering the more idiosyncratic effects of air pollution. Furthermore, "Atmospheric Dynamics in Urban Environments" by White delves into the complex interactions between urban air quality and societal dynamics, hinting at the potential influence of atmospheric conditions on human behavior in unexpected domains.
Moving beyond the realm of academic research, notable non-fiction works such as "The Air We Breathe: A Cultural History of Air Pollution" by Black offer insights into the cultural and societal perceptions of air quality, fostering a deeper understanding of the broader implications of our investigation. In a similar vein, "Breathless: A Novel of Suspense" by Green intricately weaves the theme of air pollution into a captivating narrative, tantalizing the imagination with the enigmatic allure of clean air and its repercussions.
As we venture into the periphery of conventional scholarly literature, we encounter unconventional sources of potential insight. The authors must confess to perusing the back of shampoo bottles, seeking enlightenment in the most unexpected of places. Although the text was regrettably devoid of pertinent revelations, it initiated a renewed appreciation for the diverse sources of knowledge in our pursuit of understanding the intricate relationship between air quality and the timeless quest for progeny.
In the spirit of scholarly discourse, our review of the literature sets the stage for our unconventional investigation, underpinning our pursuit with a foundation of academic rigor while embracing the whimsical and serendipitous elements inherent in the exploration of uncharted scientific terrain.

[[RESULTS]]
The statistical analysis of the relationship between air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'How to Make Baby' yielded intriguing results. Our research uncovered a robust correlation between these seemingly disparate variables. The Pearson correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9318618, indicating a strong positive linear relationship between air quality and the frequency of online inquiries related to procreation. This commendable correlation was further supported by an r-squared value of 0.8683663, signifying that approximately 87% of the variability in 'How to Make Baby' searches can be explained by changes in air quality. Moreover, the p-value of less than 0.01 underscores the statistical significance of this association, providing compelling evidence of a genuine link between environmental air quality and the pursuit of parenthood.
Figure 1 illustrates the striking correlation between air quality and the frequency of Google searches for 'How to Make Baby', offering a visual representation of the robust relationship uncovered in our analysis.
It is important to note the limitations of our study, including the potential influence of confounding variables and the need for further exploration of causality. Nevertheless, the empirical findings from our comprehensive analysis provide compelling support for the notion that clean air may indeed serve as a catalyst for family planning endeavors. This study not only enriches the realm of environmental and public health research but also tickles the intellectual palate with the whimsical interplay of human tendencies and atmospheric conditions. In conclusion, it appears that when it comes to the delicate dance of starting a family, the air one breathes may indeed play a role in shaping the aspirations for a breath of fresh heir.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The unexpected relationship between air quality in Tallahassee and online searches for informative procreation materials has elicited a mixture of bemusement and amazement in the scholarly community. Our results not only upheld the whimsical speculations of prior research but also shed light on an unforeseen interplay between environmental factors and human procreative tendencies.

Drawing on the playful notes in the literature review, our endeavor into unfamiliar scientific terrain has offered unexpected insights. Despite the ostensibly lighthearted nature of the investigation, our findings did indeed lend empirical support to the notion that clean air may well serve as a surreptitious impetus for family planning activities. It's as if fresh air whispers sweet nothings to the nascent aspirations of prospective parents, nudging them toward the grand endeavor of creating a breath of fresh heir.

The remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9318618 not only astonished the researchers but also adds an element of statistical astonishment to the prevailing humor. It seems that the clear association between air quality and searches for 'How to Make Baby' piqued the interests of statisticians and comedians alike, providing fertile ground for playful quips and data-driven jests.

Moreover, the substantial r-squared value of 0.8683663 serves as a testament to the substantial influence of air quality on the frequency of online inquiries related to procreation. It appears that the air one breathes may whisper its subtle influences not only to the lungs but also to the reproductive desires of the populace.

While our study offers persuasive evidence of a genuine association between air quality and the pursuit of parenthood, a veritable smorgasbord of confounding variables beckons further interrogation. Perhaps we should embark on a whimsical journey of confounding variables, with unexpected twists and turns prompting curious insights into the complex interplays of environmental and human factors.

In conclusion, it seems that our findings have added not only a breath of fresh heir to the discourse on air quality and procreative instincts but also a touch of levity to the somber corridors of scholarly research. As we navigate the convoluted pathways of science, our study offers a lighthearted reminder that even in the realm of empirical inquiry, unexpected correlations and statistical antics can spark amusement and intellectual delight.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'how to make baby'. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Breath of Fresh Heir: Examining the Relationship Between Air Quality in Tallahassee and Google Searches for 'How to Make Baby'

[[ABSTRACT]]
This groundbreaking study investigates the intriguing correlation between air quality in Tallahassee and online searches related to procreation. By utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends spanning from 2004 to 2023, we have unearthed a statistically significant relationship between particulate matter and parental aspirations. Our findings reveal a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9318618 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a robust connection between air quality and the quest for adding tiny feet to households. The implications of this study extend beyond mere statistical associations, as it invites speculation on the impact of clean air on the reproductive instincts of the populace. Our research contributes not only to the fields of public health and environmental science but also to the subtle and curious intricacies of human behavior. In conclusion, it appears clear that when it comes to starting a family, clean air may indeed provide a breath of fresh heir.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
The connection between air quality and human health has long been a subject of importance in public policy and environmental regulation. However, in recent years, the potential impact of air quality on more nuanced aspects of human behavior has also drawn attention. In this vein, our study delves into the rather unexpected domain of procreative interests and their potential correlation with air quality, specifically focusing on the city of Tallahassee. We aim to shed light on the whimsical yet intriguing relationship between breathing clean air and the desire to expand one's family tree.
The choice of Tallahassee as the focal point of our investigation was not arbitrary. Nestled in the heart of Florida, the city experiences a diverse range of air quality dynamics, influenced by both urban activities and natural environmental factors. Additionally, Tallahassee's distinct cultural and demographic landscape offers a fertile ground for examining the interplay of air quality and human reproductive inclinations.
It should be noted that our study is not merely an exercise in statistical quackery, but rather a thoughtful attempt to parse out the potential signals amidst the noise of seemingly disparate variables. By employing Google search data for the query 'How to Make Baby' as a measure of parental aspirations, we have embarked on a whimsical expedition through the digital footprints of prospective progenitors. This peculiar choice of metric has allowed us to peer into the subconscious inclinations of individuals as they navigate the atmospheric conditions of their surroundings.
Furthermore, our research extends beyond the mere observation of numerical patterns; it is a testament to the multifaceted nature of human behavior and its interaction with environmental stimuli. We understand that some may regard our endeavor with arched eyebrows and bemused skepticism, but we assure the reader that our intentions are anchored in the pursuit of knowledge, albeit with a dose of lighthearted curiosity.
As we embark on this scientific escapade, we are mindful of the pitfalls and perils that await us in the wilderness of correlations and causations. Yet, armed with robust statistical methodologies, we chart our course with cautious optimism, buoyed by the tantalizing prospect of uncovering unexpected connections between air quality and the perennial pursuit of propagating the species.
In summary, with our scientific spectacles firmly perched on our noses, we invite the esteemed reader to join us in this scholarly romp through the curious crossroads of air quality and the quest for progeny. For as we shall see, a breath of fresh heir may not only be a whimsical play on words but an intriguing statistical reality waiting to be uncovered.

[[RESULTS]]
The statistical analysis of the relationship between air quality in Tallahassee and Google searches for 'How to Make Baby' yielded intriguing results. Our research uncovered a robust correlation between these seemingly disparate variables. The Pearson correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9318618, indicating a strong positive linear relationship between air quality and the frequency of online inquiries related to procreation. This commendable correlation was further supported by an r-squared value of 0.8683663, signifying that approximately 87% of the variability in 'How to Make Baby' searches can be explained by changes in air quality. Moreover, the p-value of less than 0.01 underscores the statistical significance of this association, providing compelling evidence of a genuine link between environmental air quality and the pursuit of parenthood.
Figure 1 illustrates the striking correlation between air quality and the frequency of Google searches for 'How to Make Baby', offering a visual representation of the robust relationship uncovered in our analysis.
It is important to note the limitations of our study, including the potential influence of confounding variables and the need for further exploration of causality. Nevertheless, the empirical findings from our comprehensive analysis provide compelling support for the notion that clean air may indeed serve as a catalyst for family planning endeavors. This study not only enriches the realm of environmental and public health research but also tickles the intellectual palate with the whimsical interplay of human tendencies and atmospheric conditions. In conclusion, it appears that when it comes to the delicate dance of starting a family, the air one breathes may indeed play a role in shaping the aspirations for a breath of fresh heir.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In the whimsical pursuit of academic inquiry, we have unraveled a tale of air quality and aspirations for offspring, a narrative that lends itself to both statistical gravity and lighthearted whimsy. Our findings, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9318618, have reinforced the notion that clean air may indeed be an unsung hero in the orchestration of familial expansion. As we revel in the curious dance of causation and correlation, we must also acknowledge the confounding influence of unmeasured variables, such as the allure of stork-themed nursery décor and the siren call of baby giggles echoing through the hallowed halls of statistical significance.

While our study has embarked on this peculiar journey of linking air quality and the quest for progeny, it is clear that no further research in this realm is warranted. The evidence presented serves as a testament to the remarkable and unexpected ways in which our environment may influence the subtle intricacies of human behavior. As we draw the curtain on this chapter of scholarly exploration, we leave the door ajar for future researchers to explore other unexpected intersections, such as the effect of barometric pressure on cravings for dill pickles and ice cream. Thus, we bid adieu to this quirky quest, secure in the knowledge that a breath of fresh heir is not merely an esoteric pun but an enchanting statistical reality.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Breath of Fresh Heir: Examining the Relationship Between Air Quality in Tallahassee and Google Searches for 'How to Make Baby'. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Quirky Environmental Research


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Breath of Fresh Heir: Examining the Relationship Between Air Quality in Tallahassee and Google Searches for 'How to Make Baby'. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Center for Environmental Health and Fertility Studies


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Breath of Fresh Heir: Examining the Relationship Between Air Quality in Tallahassee and Google Searches for 'How to Make Baby' with an abstract of This groundbreaking study investigates the intriguing correlation between air quality in Tallahassee and online searches related to procreation. By utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends spanning from 2004 to 2023, we have unearthed a statistically significant relationship between particulate matter and parental aspirations. Our findings reveal a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9318618 and a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a robust connection between air quality and the quest for adding tiny feet to households. The implications of this study extend beyond mere statistical associations, as it invites speculation on the impact of clean air on the reproductive instincts of the populace. Our research contributes not only to the fields of public health and environmental science but also to the subtle and curious intricacies of human behavior. In conclusion, it appears clear that when it comes to starting a family, clean air may indeed provide a breath of fresh heir.

ChatGPT:

Tallahassee, air quality, Google searches, how to make baby, procreation, particulate matter, Environmental Protection Agency, Google Trends, parental aspirations, correlation coefficient, p-value, public health, environmental science, human behavior, clean air, reproductive instincts

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

Air quality in Tallahassee
Detailed data title: Percentage of days with good air quality in Tallahassee, FL
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air quality in Tallahassee

Google searches for 'how to make baby'
Detailed data title: Relative volume of Google searches for 'how to make baby' (Worldwide), with quotes)
Source: Google Trends
Additional Info: Relative search volume (not absolute numbers)

See what else correlates with Google searches for 'how to make baby'

Correlation r = 0.9318618 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.8683663 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 86.8% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Google searches for 'how to make baby') is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Air quality in Tallahassee) over the 20 years from 2004 through 2023.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 2.3E-9. 0.0000000023441651199757834000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.93 in 2.3E-7% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 426,591,110 random variables You don't actually need 426 million variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 19 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 19 because we have two variables measured over a period of 20 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.83, 0.97 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
20042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Air quality in Tallahassee (Good air quality)40.710438.904135.616440.547946.448158.904156.438458.082273.22481.095967.397373.150777.595671.074475.977774.520575.683179.178178.356266.8508
Google searches for 'how to make baby' (Rel. search volume)20.333318.523.083327.083334.833344.33335560.41677379.916783.7584.833385.083384.577.083372.833378.583369.083366.166762.2222




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([40.7104,38.9041,35.6164,40.5479,46.4481,58.9041,56.4384,58.0822,73.224,81.0959,67.3973,73.1507,77.5956,71.0744,75.9777,74.5205,75.6831,79.1781,78.3562,66.8508,])
array_2 = np.array([20.3333,18.5,23.0833,27.0833,34.8333,44.3333,55,60.4167,73,79.9167,83.75,84.8333,85.0833,84.5,77.0833,72.8333,78.5833,69.0833,66.1667,62.2222,])
array_1_name = "Air quality in Tallahassee"
array_2_name = "Google searches for 'how to make baby'"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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Correlation ID: 4711 · Black Variable ID: 21327 · Red Variable ID: 1497
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