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Spurious correlation #4,111 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Google searches for 'elon musk' and the second variable is Bank of America's stock price (BAC).  The chart goes from 2010 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
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AI explanation

As Elon Musk's popularity skyrocketed, people began to invest in the Bank of America hoping to achieve their own electric 'bankery' of success. It seems like his fan base is really amped up about both innovation and financial gains!

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image depicting a futuristic scene. In the foreground, there is a sleek, transparent screen displaying a search bar with "Elon Musk" typed in, and a graph showing a steep upward trend for Google searches. Adjacent to it, a stock ticker prominently features Bank of America's symbol (BAC) with a bold, upward arrow indicating a surge in stock price. In the background, encompassing the composition, are images of crackling lightning bolts and radiant electric sparks, symbolizing the invigorating energy and excitement surrounding sustainable technology and green energy stocks. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Google searches for 'elon musk' and Bank of America's stock price (BAC). Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Brutalism A TIME magazine cover image Concept art Charcoal Concept art
ChatGPT: A TIME magazine cover image

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Google searches for 'elon musk' and Bank of America's stock price (BAC), in the following situation: As Elon Musk's popularity soared to new heights, people were drawn to his electric personality and became positively charged with excitement. This led to a surge in demand for Tesla's innovative technology, sparking a current of confidence in the electric vehicle market. As the shockwaves of admiration for Musk reverberated through the financial world, investors flocked to companies involved in sustainable energy, including key players like Bank of America. This electrifying surge of interest in green energy and technology stocks ended up giving Bank of America's stock price a much-needed boost, as investors saw potential for a positive jolt to the bank's bottom line. In the end, it was a truly electric experience that left everyone watt-ing to see what would happen next! As the saying goes, "Ohm my gosh, that's quite a volt-atile connection!". Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: The screen shows a search bar with 'elon musk' typed in, with a graph depicting a sharp upward trend for Google searches. Next to it, a stock ticker displays Bank of America's symbol (BAC) with an upward arrow, signaling a surge in the stock price. The background is filled with images of lightning bolts and electric sparks, symbolizing the newfound energy and excitement surrounding sustainable technology and green energy stocks.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A TIME magazine cover image ] and depicting this scene: The screen shows a search bar with 'elon musk' typed in, with a graph depicting a sharp upward trend for Google searches. Next to it, a stock ticker displays Bank of America's symbol (BAC) with an upward arrow, signaling a surge in the stock price. The background is filled with images of lightning bolts and electric sparks, symbolizing the newfound energy and excitement surrounding sustainable technology and green energy stocks. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image depicting a futuristic scene. In the foreground, there is a sleek, transparent screen displaying a search bar with "Elon Musk" typed in, and a graph showing a steep upward trend for Google searches. Adjacent to it, a stock ticker prominently features Bank of America's symbol (BAC) with a bold, upward arrow indicating a surge in stock price. In the background, encompassing the composition, are images of crackling lightning bolts and radiant electric sparks, symbolizing the invigorating energy and excitement surrounding sustainable technology and green energy stocks.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in elon musk (Google searches for 'elon musk') caused Bank of America's stock price (BAC) to increase. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Elon Musk Google Searches and BAC Stock Prices: A Rhyming Romp in Market Trends

The Journal of Finance and Folly

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Google searches for 'elon musk' and Bank of America's stock price (BAC). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Rhyme words in the title.

Your research team used data from Google Trends and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9337398 and p < 0.01 for 2010 to 2023.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
"Elon Musk Google Searches and BAC Stock Prices: A Rhyming Romp in Market Trends"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we explore the relationship between the frequency of Google searches for "Elon Musk" and the fluctuations in Bank of America's stock price (BAC). We aimed to shed light on the seemingly interwoven dynamics of internet search trends and financial markets. Utilizing data from Google Trends and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we conducted a rigorous analysis spanning from 2010 to 2023. Our findings revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9337398 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. It appears that the public's fascination with the SpaceX and Tesla mogul has a notable impact on the banking behemoth's stock performance. It seems that, much like a good dad joke, the connection between online interest in Elon Musk and stock prices is both intriguing and surprising.

Stay tuned for our full report, complete with more puns and even a few witty footnotes!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Google searches for 'elon musk' and Bank of America's stock price (BAC). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Elon Musk Google Searches and BAC Stock Prices: A Rhyming Romp in Market Trends"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we explore the relationship between the frequency of Google searches for "Elon Musk" and the fluctuations in Bank of America's stock price (BAC). We aimed to shed light on the seemingly interwoven dynamics of internet search trends and financial markets. Utilizing data from Google Trends and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we conducted a rigorous analysis spanning from 2010 to 2023. Our findings revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9337398 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. It appears that the public's fascination with the SpaceX and Tesla mogul has a notable impact on the banking behemoth's stock performance. It seems that, much like a good dad joke, the connection between online interest in Elon Musk and stock prices is both intriguing and surprising.

Stay tuned for our full report, complete with more puns and even a few witty footnotes!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

In the world of finance, countless factors are analyzed to predict stock price movements - from economic indicators to corporate earnings reports. However, in this study, we delve into a less conventional, yet undeniably fascinating, variable: Google searches for the enigmatic entrepreneur and inventor, Elon Musk. As we embark on this rhyming romp through market trends, we aim to uncover the potential link between public curiosity about Musk and the stock price of Bank of America (BAC). It's like this study is on a quest to answer the age-old question - "to BAC or not to BAC based on Elon Musk searches?"

Now, before we dive into the nitty-gritty of our findings, let's set the stage with a dad joke to lighten the mood. Why did the Elon Musk fan bring a ladder to the bank? Because he heard the interest rates were out of this world!

The allure of Elon Musk undoubtedly extends beyond the realms of technology and innovation. His ventures in space exploration, electric vehicles, and renewable energy have captured the imagination of the masses, prompting many to turn to the oracle of our modern age - Google - in search of the latest on his ventures. It's as if Elon Musk has become an honorary member of the "FANG" stocks, or as we like to call it, the "MANG" stocks (Musk, Amazon, Netflix, Google). They've got quite the byte!

As we navigate the murky waters of financial analysis, one might wonder whether there's a tangible relationship between the ebb and flow of Elon Musk's online presence and the fluctuations in Bank of America's stock price. It's almost like playing a game of "Elon Musk Google Search Bingo" with the stock market, hoping to hit that jackpot correlation!

Our investigation draws upon data from Google Trends, providing us with a lens into public interest over time, and pairs it with stock price data from the financial markets. The results of our rigorous analysis are just as surprising as finding out Elon Musk's secret to starting successful ventures - it's always rocket science!

But before we reveal our riveting discoveries, here's another Elon-inspired dad joke to keep the spirits high. Why don't banks trust Elon Musk? Because his deposits are always out of this world!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Google searches for 'elon musk' and Bank of America's stock price (BAC). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then devolve ever further, and mention something completely ridiculous, like you conducted literature review by reading the backs of shampoo bottles.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Elon Musk Google Searches and BAC Stock Prices: A Rhyming Romp in Market Trends"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we explore the relationship between the frequency of Google searches for "Elon Musk" and the fluctuations in Bank of America's stock price (BAC). We aimed to shed light on the seemingly interwoven dynamics of internet search trends and financial markets. Utilizing data from Google Trends and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we conducted a rigorous analysis spanning from 2010 to 2023. Our findings revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9337398 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. It appears that the public's fascination with the SpaceX and Tesla mogul has a notable impact on the banking behemoth's stock performance. It seems that, much like a good dad joke, the connection between online interest in Elon Musk and stock prices is both intriguing and surprising.

Stay tuned for our full report, complete with more puns and even a few witty footnotes!

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
In the world of finance, countless factors are analyzed to predict stock price movements - from economic indicators to corporate earnings reports. However, in this study, we delve into a less conventional, yet undeniably fascinating, variable: Google searches for the enigmatic entrepreneur and inventor, Elon Musk. As we embark on this rhyming romp through market trends, we aim to uncover the potential link between public curiosity about Musk and the stock price of Bank of America (BAC). It's like this study is on a quest to answer the age-old question - "to BAC or not to BAC based on Elon Musk searches?"
Now, before we dive into the nitty-gritty of our findings, let's set the stage with a dad joke to lighten the mood. Why did the Elon Musk fan bring a ladder to the bank? Because he heard the interest rates were out of this world!
The allure of Elon Musk undoubtedly extends beyond the realms of technology and innovation. His ventures in space exploration, electric vehicles, and renewable energy have captured the imagination of the masses, prompting many to turn to the oracle of our modern age - Google - in search of the latest on his ventures. It's as if Elon Musk has become an honorary member of the "FANG" stocks, or as we like to call it, the "MANG" stocks (Musk, Amazon, Netflix, Google). They've got quite the byte!
As we navigate the murky waters of financial analysis, one might wonder whether there's a tangible relationship between the ebb and flow of Elon Musk's online presence and the fluctuations in Bank of America's stock price. It's almost like playing a game of "Elon Musk Google Search Bingo" with the stock market, hoping to hit that jackpot correlation!
Our investigation draws upon data from Google Trends, providing us with a lens into public interest over time, and pairs it with stock price data from the financial markets. The results of our rigorous analysis are just as surprising as finding out Elon Musk's secret to starting successful ventures - it's always rocket science!
But before we reveal our riveting discoveries, here's another Elon-inspired dad joke to keep the spirits high. Why don't banks trust Elon Musk? Because his deposits are always out of this world!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

In "Smith and Jones: A Tale of Two Elon Musk Searches," the authors find that the frequency of Google searches for "Elon Musk" exhibits a peculiar rhythmic pattern that seemingly mirrors the waxing and waning of Bank of America's stock price. It's as if the Google search bar has become a poetic quill, writing an epic saga of stock market movements, with Elon Musk as its mesmerizing protagonist. Talk about a search engine that's truly verse-atile!

Doe et al., suggests in "The Musk Mystique and Market Magic" that the intense public interest in Elon Musk, as manifested through Google searches, may have an unexpected influence on the valuation and trading of Bank of America's stock. It's like the market is saying, "Show us the Musk and we'll show you the moolah!"

Moving on from academic studies, "The Age of Musk: A Biography of Billionaire Brilliance" and "Elon Musk's Guide to Making Bank," offer insights into the visionary mind of Musk and the impact of his ventures on financial markets. It's as if every time Musk tweets, it sends shockwaves through the stock charts, turning investors into Musk-eteers of the market!

In the realm of fiction, "The Electric Stock Exchange" and "The Search for Green Gains: A Financial Adventure" paint imaginative worlds where the fate of stock prices is intertwined with the ebb and flow of internet searches for iconic figures like Elon Musk. It's like a high-stakes chess game where each "Musk move" leads to a stock market checkmate!

As we delve deeper into the literature, it becomes evident that Elon Musk is not just a person but a phenomenon – a gravitational force shaping the tides of both online searches and stock prices. It's like the stock market is caught in a cosmic dance with the search engine algorithms, moving to the rhythm of Musk-related queries. It's as if the market is saying, "Eureka! We've struck Musk gold!"

And in our pursuit of diverse perspectives, we also conducted an innovative approach to literature review by perusing the back labels of shampoo bottles in the hopes of stumbling upon any hair-raising insights into the Elon Musk-Bank of America connection. We found none, but it was a clean attempt at uncovering untapped sources of knowledge!

Oh, and speaking of shampoo, why did Elon Musk use herbal shampoo before researching the stock market? Because he wanted to experience the blossoming of green investments firsthand!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Google searches for 'elon musk' and Bank of America's stock price (BAC). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Google Trends and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) . You used data from 2010 to 2023

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Elon Musk Google Searches and BAC Stock Prices: A Rhyming Romp in Market Trends"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we explore the relationship between the frequency of Google searches for "Elon Musk" and the fluctuations in Bank of America's stock price (BAC). We aimed to shed light on the seemingly interwoven dynamics of internet search trends and financial markets. Utilizing data from Google Trends and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we conducted a rigorous analysis spanning from 2010 to 2023. Our findings revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9337398 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. It appears that the public's fascination with the SpaceX and Tesla mogul has a notable impact on the banking behemoth's stock performance. It seems that, much like a good dad joke, the connection between online interest in Elon Musk and stock prices is both intriguing and surprising.

Stay tuned for our full report, complete with more puns and even a few witty footnotes!

[[INTRODUCTION]]
In the world of finance, countless factors are analyzed to predict stock price movements - from economic indicators to corporate earnings reports. However, in this study, we delve into a less conventional, yet undeniably fascinating, variable: Google searches for the enigmatic entrepreneur and inventor, Elon Musk. As we embark on this rhyming romp through market trends, we aim to uncover the potential link between public curiosity about Musk and the stock price of Bank of America (BAC). It's like this study is on a quest to answer the age-old question - "to BAC or not to BAC based on Elon Musk searches?"
Now, before we dive into the nitty-gritty of our findings, let's set the stage with a dad joke to lighten the mood. Why did the Elon Musk fan bring a ladder to the bank? Because he heard the interest rates were out of this world!
The allure of Elon Musk undoubtedly extends beyond the realms of technology and innovation. His ventures in space exploration, electric vehicles, and renewable energy have captured the imagination of the masses, prompting many to turn to the oracle of our modern age - Google - in search of the latest on his ventures. It's as if Elon Musk has become an honorary member of the "FANG" stocks, or as we like to call it, the "MANG" stocks (Musk, Amazon, Netflix, Google). They've got quite the byte!
As we navigate the murky waters of financial analysis, one might wonder whether there's a tangible relationship between the ebb and flow of Elon Musk's online presence and the fluctuations in Bank of America's stock price. It's almost like playing a game of "Elon Musk Google Search Bingo" with the stock market, hoping to hit that jackpot correlation!
Our investigation draws upon data from Google Trends, providing us with a lens into public interest over time, and pairs it with stock price data from the financial markets. The results of our rigorous analysis are just as surprising as finding out Elon Musk's secret to starting successful ventures - it's always rocket science!
But before we reveal our riveting discoveries, here's another Elon-inspired dad joke to keep the spirits high. Why don't banks trust Elon Musk? Because his deposits are always out of this world!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

Now, onto the nitty-gritty of how we wrangled this wild rhyming romp of data to uncover the correlation between Elon Musk Google searches and Bank of America's stock price. This was no easy feat, akin to trying to teach a cat quantum physics - but with a sprinkle of determination and a dash of data, we persevered.

To start, we collected data from the venerable Google Trends, capturing the frequency of searches for "Elon Musk" from 2010 to 2023. We wanted to get to the heart of the matter and see if there was any pattern in the pulsations of online curiosity. It's like searching for the signal in the noise, like trying to find a Wi-Fi connection at a space station - you've got to reach for the stars!

Next, we turned to LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) for the daily stock price data of the mighty Bank of America (BAC). We meticulously combed through the numbers, much like a detective on the trail of a mysterious market movement. It felt like unraveling a financial mystery novel - "The Curious Case of Elon Musk's Impact on BAC's Stock Price."

Now, here's where things get fancy. We deployed a smorgasbord of statistical methods to analyze the data. First off, we calculated the Pearson correlation coefficient to measure the strength and direction of the linear relationship between the frequency of Elon Musk searches and BAC's stock price. It's like trying to see if the tune of "Space Oddity" correlates with the dance moves of the stock market.

Then, we threw in a dash of Bayesian regression analysis to see if there were any nuances hiding beneath the surface. It's as if we were trying to decode a secret message in the market movements - a financial game of "Elon Musk and the Chamber of Stock Secrets."

Throughout this tumultuous journey, we also conducted robustness checks to ensure that our findings weren't just a fluke, akin to double-checking if the cookie jar is really empty. The last thing we wanted was to lead investors astray with a correlation that was more whimsy than wisdom!

In concert with these analyses, we also incorporated time series methods to capture potential dynamics over the years. It's like trying to map out the orbits of financial planets in the Elon Musk solar system of stock prices.

And, of course, we couldn't resist applying a touch of sentiment analysis to the Google searches for "Elon Musk." We wanted to measure the pulse of public interest - it's almost as if we were trying to eavesdrop on a conversation between market enthusiasts and the man from Mars himself.

Now, before we unveil our enchanting findings, here's a dad joke to keep the spirits lifted. Why did Elon Musk go to the bank? Because he wanted to launch a new type of currency – the Elon Dollar, backed by Mars's finest red dust, of course!

Stay tuned for the thrilling climax of our intertwining tale of Elon Musk searches and BAC stock prices, complete with more financial flair and a sprinkle of interstellar flair!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Google searches for 'elon musk' and Bank of America's stock price (BAC). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Google Trends and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) .

For the time period 2010 to 2023, you found a correlation 0.9337398, r-squared of 0.8718701, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Elon Musk Google Searches and BAC Stock Prices: A Rhyming Romp in Market Trends"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we explore the relationship between the frequency of Google searches for "Elon Musk" and the fluctuations in Bank of America's stock price (BAC). We aimed to shed light on the seemingly interwoven dynamics of internet search trends and financial markets. Utilizing data from Google Trends and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we conducted a rigorous analysis spanning from 2010 to 2023. Our findings revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9337398 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. It appears that the public's fascination with the SpaceX and Tesla mogul has a notable impact on the banking behemoth's stock performance. It seems that, much like a good dad joke, the connection between online interest in Elon Musk and stock prices is both intriguing and surprising.

Stay tuned for our full report, complete with more puns and even a few witty footnotes!

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
In the world of finance, countless factors are analyzed to predict stock price movements - from economic indicators to corporate earnings reports. However, in this study, we delve into a less conventional, yet undeniably fascinating, variable: Google searches for the enigmatic entrepreneur and inventor, Elon Musk. As we embark on this rhyming romp through market trends, we aim to uncover the potential link between public curiosity about Musk and the stock price of Bank of America (BAC). It's like this study is on a quest to answer the age-old question - "to BAC or not to BAC based on Elon Musk searches?"
Now, before we dive into the nitty-gritty of our findings, let's set the stage with a dad joke to lighten the mood. Why did the Elon Musk fan bring a ladder to the bank? Because he heard the interest rates were out of this world!
The allure of Elon Musk undoubtedly extends beyond the realms of technology and innovation. His ventures in space exploration, electric vehicles, and renewable energy have captured the imagination of the masses, prompting many to turn to the oracle of our modern age - Google - in search of the latest on his ventures. It's as if Elon Musk has become an honorary member of the "FANG" stocks, or as we like to call it, the "MANG" stocks (Musk, Amazon, Netflix, Google). They've got quite the byte!
As we navigate the murky waters of financial analysis, one might wonder whether there's a tangible relationship between the ebb and flow of Elon Musk's online presence and the fluctuations in Bank of America's stock price. It's almost like playing a game of "Elon Musk Google Search Bingo" with the stock market, hoping to hit that jackpot correlation!
Our investigation draws upon data from Google Trends, providing us with a lens into public interest over time, and pairs it with stock price data from the financial markets. The results of our rigorous analysis are just as surprising as finding out Elon Musk's secret to starting successful ventures - it's always rocket science!
But before we reveal our riveting discoveries, here's another Elon-inspired dad joke to keep the spirits high. Why don't banks trust Elon Musk? Because his deposits are always out of this world!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The analysis of the relationship between Google searches for "Elon Musk" and Bank of America's stock prices produced some truly electrifying results. Our findings revealed a strikingly high correlation coefficient of 0.9337398, signifying a strong positive correlation between the two variables. It's almost as if every search for "Elon Musk" led to BAC's stock price getting a boost, making it the stock market equivalent of a viral cat video.

The r-squared value of 0.8718701 further reaffirmed the robustness of the relationship between the frequency of Google searches for Elon Musk and the fluctuations in BAC stock prices. It's as if every peak and valley of Elon Musk's online presence mirrored the peaks and valleys of BAC's stock prices, creating a sort of "yin and Yang" effect in the financial markets.

The statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 provided strong evidence against the null hypothesis and supported the existence of a meaningful connection between online interest in Elon Musk and the performance of Bank of America's stock. It's like finding out that the correlation between Elon Musk's online popularity and BAC's stock prices is not just a random coincidence, but an actual, calculable phenomenon.

Figure 1 (not shown in this text) displays a scatterplot illustrating the pronounced correlation between Google searches for "Elon Musk" and the corresponding BAC stock prices. The scatterplot forms a pattern so distinct, it's as if Elon Musk himself crafted it with the precision of a SpaceX rocket landing.

In conclusion, our results suggest that there is a palpable link between the frequency of Google searches for Elon Musk and the movements in Bank of America's stock price. It seems that the online buzz surrounding the man who sent a car into space has a tangible impact on one of the largest banking institutions in the world. The correlation between these seemingly disparate variables is like a good dad joke - unexpected, amusing, and memorable. Our findings leave us with the understanding that when it comes to Elon Musk and BAC's stock price, it's not just rocket science; it's market science too!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Google searches for 'elon musk' and Bank of America's stock price (BAC). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Elon Musk Google Searches and BAC Stock Prices: A Rhyming Romp in Market Trends"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we explore the relationship between the frequency of Google searches for "Elon Musk" and the fluctuations in Bank of America's stock price (BAC). We aimed to shed light on the seemingly interwoven dynamics of internet search trends and financial markets. Utilizing data from Google Trends and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we conducted a rigorous analysis spanning from 2010 to 2023. Our findings revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9337398 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. It appears that the public's fascination with the SpaceX and Tesla mogul has a notable impact on the banking behemoth's stock performance. It seems that, much like a good dad joke, the connection between online interest in Elon Musk and stock prices is both intriguing and surprising.

Stay tuned for our full report, complete with more puns and even a few witty footnotes!

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In "Smith and Jones: A Tale of Two Elon Musk Searches," the authors find that the frequency of Google searches for "Elon Musk" exhibits a peculiar rhythmic pattern that seemingly mirrors the waxing and waning of Bank of America's stock price. It's as if the Google search bar has become a poetic quill, writing an epic saga of stock market movements, with Elon Musk as its mesmerizing protagonist. Talk about a search engine that's truly verse-atile!
Doe et al., suggests in "The Musk Mystique and Market Magic" that the intense public interest in Elon Musk, as manifested through Google searches, may have an unexpected influence on the valuation and trading of Bank of America's stock. It's like the market is saying, "Show us the Musk and we'll show you the moolah!"
Moving on from academic studies, "The Age of Musk: A Biography of Billionaire Brilliance" and "Elon Musk's Guide to Making Bank," offer insights into the visionary mind of Musk and the impact of his ventures on financial markets. It's as if every time Musk tweets, it sends shockwaves through the stock charts, turning investors into Musk-eteers of the market!
In the realm of fiction, "The Electric Stock Exchange" and "The Search for Green Gains: A Financial Adventure" paint imaginative worlds where the fate of stock prices is intertwined with the ebb and flow of internet searches for iconic figures like Elon Musk. It's like a high-stakes chess game where each "Musk move" leads to a stock market checkmate!
As we delve deeper into the literature, it becomes evident that Elon Musk is not just a person but a phenomenon – a gravitational force shaping the tides of both online searches and stock prices. It's like the stock market is caught in a cosmic dance with the search engine algorithms, moving to the rhythm of Musk-related queries. It's as if the market is saying, "Eureka! We've struck Musk gold!"
And in our pursuit of diverse perspectives, we also conducted an innovative approach to literature review by perusing the back labels of shampoo bottles in the hopes of stumbling upon any hair-raising insights into the Elon Musk-Bank of America connection. We found none, but it was a clean attempt at uncovering untapped sources of knowledge!
Oh, and speaking of shampoo, why did Elon Musk use herbal shampoo before researching the stock market? Because he wanted to experience the blossoming of green investments firsthand!

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the relationship between Google searches for "Elon Musk" and Bank of America's stock prices produced some truly electrifying results. Our findings revealed a strikingly high correlation coefficient of 0.9337398, signifying a strong positive correlation between the two variables. It's almost as if every search for "Elon Musk" led to BAC's stock price getting a boost, making it the stock market equivalent of a viral cat video.
The r-squared value of 0.8718701 further reaffirmed the robustness of the relationship between the frequency of Google searches for Elon Musk and the fluctuations in BAC stock prices. It's as if every peak and valley of Elon Musk's online presence mirrored the peaks and valleys of BAC's stock prices, creating a sort of "yin and Yang" effect in the financial markets.
The statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 provided strong evidence against the null hypothesis and supported the existence of a meaningful connection between online interest in Elon Musk and the performance of Bank of America's stock. It's like finding out that the correlation between Elon Musk's online popularity and BAC's stock prices is not just a random coincidence, but an actual, calculable phenomenon.
Figure 1 (not shown in this text) displays a scatterplot illustrating the pronounced correlation between Google searches for "Elon Musk" and the corresponding BAC stock prices. The scatterplot forms a pattern so distinct, it's as if Elon Musk himself crafted it with the precision of a SpaceX rocket landing.
In conclusion, our results suggest that there is a palpable link between the frequency of Google searches for Elon Musk and the movements in Bank of America's stock price. It seems that the online buzz surrounding the man who sent a car into space has a tangible impact on one of the largest banking institutions in the world. The correlation between these seemingly disparate variables is like a good dad joke - unexpected, amusing, and memorable. Our findings leave us with the understanding that when it comes to Elon Musk and BAC's stock price, it's not just rocket science; it's market science too!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our findings echo those of the prior research, providing further support for the peculiar synchronization of the ebb and flow of Google searches for "Elon Musk" and the fluctuations in Bank of America's stock price. It's as if the layers of internet interest in Musk's ventures and the stock market movements have intertwined so intricately, they're almost as inseparable as a dad and his trusty dad joke.

Like a grandmaster playing a pun-filled chess game, our results demonstrate a significant correlation between online searches for Musk and BAC's stock prices. It's almost as if each Google search acts as a financial flare, signaling the rise or fall of BAC's stock, adding a touch of whimsy to the otherwise serious world of market analysis.

The robustness of the relationship, as evidenced by the high correlation coefficient and r-squared value, underscores the undeniable influence of public fascination with Elon Musk on the valuation and trading of Bank of America's stock. It's like witnessing the convergence of two seemingly unrelated phenomena – the online enthusiasm for Musk and the dynamic realm of stock prices – into a harmonious duet that plays out on the stage of market trends.

In light of the statistically significant p-value, it's evident that the connection between Google searches for Elon Musk and BAC's stock prices is more than a serendipitous fluke; it's a quantifiable reality. This reminds us of a timeless dad joke - once the punchline is delivered, there's no denying its impact, even in the most serious of conversations.

Our results contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the interplay between internet search trends and stock market dynamics, offering a new perspective on the influence of high-profile individuals on financial markets. It's as if each click of the mouse on a Musk-related search term takes on the weight of a stock trade, shaping the narrative of market performance in unforeseen ways.

However, despite the intriguing insights provided by our study, it's important to acknowledge its limitations. The data analysis did not account for potential confounding variables or the nature of the search queries themselves, leaving room for future research to delve deeper into the underlying mechanisms driving this fascinating correlation. It's as if we've uncovered the opening line of a dad joke, but the full punchline remains to be revealed in future studies.

In essence, our findings reinforce the notion that the intersection of online interest in iconic figures and financial markets is ripe for exploration, offering a blend of excitement, surprise, and potential value for researchers and investors alike. It's like stumbling upon a stock market tickler that leaves us simultaneously intrigued and amused, much like a well-timed dad joke.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Google searches for 'elon musk' and Bank of America's stock price (BAC). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Elon Musk Google Searches and BAC Stock Prices: A Rhyming Romp in Market Trends"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we explore the relationship between the frequency of Google searches for "Elon Musk" and the fluctuations in Bank of America's stock price (BAC). We aimed to shed light on the seemingly interwoven dynamics of internet search trends and financial markets. Utilizing data from Google Trends and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we conducted a rigorous analysis spanning from 2010 to 2023. Our findings revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9337398 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. It appears that the public's fascination with the SpaceX and Tesla mogul has a notable impact on the banking behemoth's stock performance. It seems that, much like a good dad joke, the connection between online interest in Elon Musk and stock prices is both intriguing and surprising.

Stay tuned for our full report, complete with more puns and even a few witty footnotes!

[[INTRDUCTION]]
In the world of finance, countless factors are analyzed to predict stock price movements - from economic indicators to corporate earnings reports. However, in this study, we delve into a less conventional, yet undeniably fascinating, variable: Google searches for the enigmatic entrepreneur and inventor, Elon Musk. As we embark on this rhyming romp through market trends, we aim to uncover the potential link between public curiosity about Musk and the stock price of Bank of America (BAC). It's like this study is on a quest to answer the age-old question - "to BAC or not to BAC based on Elon Musk searches?"
Now, before we dive into the nitty-gritty of our findings, let's set the stage with a dad joke to lighten the mood. Why did the Elon Musk fan bring a ladder to the bank? Because he heard the interest rates were out of this world!
The allure of Elon Musk undoubtedly extends beyond the realms of technology and innovation. His ventures in space exploration, electric vehicles, and renewable energy have captured the imagination of the masses, prompting many to turn to the oracle of our modern age - Google - in search of the latest on his ventures. It's as if Elon Musk has become an honorary member of the "FANG" stocks, or as we like to call it, the "MANG" stocks (Musk, Amazon, Netflix, Google). They've got quite the byte!
As we navigate the murky waters of financial analysis, one might wonder whether there's a tangible relationship between the ebb and flow of Elon Musk's online presence and the fluctuations in Bank of America's stock price. It's almost like playing a game of "Elon Musk Google Search Bingo" with the stock market, hoping to hit that jackpot correlation!
Our investigation draws upon data from Google Trends, providing us with a lens into public interest over time, and pairs it with stock price data from the financial markets. The results of our rigorous analysis are just as surprising as finding out Elon Musk's secret to starting successful ventures - it's always rocket science!
But before we reveal our riveting discoveries, here's another Elon-inspired dad joke to keep the spirits high. Why don't banks trust Elon Musk? Because his deposits are always out of this world!

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the relationship between Google searches for "Elon Musk" and Bank of America's stock prices produced some truly electrifying results. Our findings revealed a strikingly high correlation coefficient of 0.9337398, signifying a strong positive correlation between the two variables. It's almost as if every search for "Elon Musk" led to BAC's stock price getting a boost, making it the stock market equivalent of a viral cat video.
The r-squared value of 0.8718701 further reaffirmed the robustness of the relationship between the frequency of Google searches for Elon Musk and the fluctuations in BAC stock prices. It's as if every peak and valley of Elon Musk's online presence mirrored the peaks and valleys of BAC's stock prices, creating a sort of "yin and Yang" effect in the financial markets.
The statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 provided strong evidence against the null hypothesis and supported the existence of a meaningful connection between online interest in Elon Musk and the performance of Bank of America's stock. It's like finding out that the correlation between Elon Musk's online popularity and BAC's stock prices is not just a random coincidence, but an actual, calculable phenomenon.
Figure 1 (not shown in this text) displays a scatterplot illustrating the pronounced correlation between Google searches for "Elon Musk" and the corresponding BAC stock prices. The scatterplot forms a pattern so distinct, it's as if Elon Musk himself crafted it with the precision of a SpaceX rocket landing.
In conclusion, our results suggest that there is a palpable link between the frequency of Google searches for Elon Musk and the movements in Bank of America's stock price. It seems that the online buzz surrounding the man who sent a car into space has a tangible impact on one of the largest banking institutions in the world. The correlation between these seemingly disparate variables is like a good dad joke - unexpected, amusing, and memorable. Our findings leave us with the understanding that when it comes to Elon Musk and BAC's stock price, it's not just rocket science; it's market science too!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our study has illuminated the surprisingly robust connection between Google searches for the enigmatic Elon Musk and the tantalizing fluctuations in Bank of America's stock price. It's like the stock market and internet searches have formed their own dynamic duo - "The Bull and the Buzz"! Our findings have practical implications for investors, as they highlight the need to consider unconventional variables, much like considering if the 'Elon' musk be in the air for BAC stock.

The remarkable correlation coefficient and r-squared value emphasize the substantial influence of virtual Musk mania on BAC's stock performance. It's as if every Google search for "Elon Musk" is a vote of confidence in the banking sector, a sort of digital stock market serenade.

The statistically significant p-value further cements the notion that the public's fascination with the tech titan has tangible repercussions for BAC's stock price. It's like uncovering the not-so-hidden treasures of the stock market - turns out, Elon Musk's online popularity is the equivalent of striking gold!

At this point, one might be inclined to ask, "Are further studies needed in this area?" Well, much like a dad joke at a family gathering, we can confidently assert that no more research is needed in this field - the connection between Elon Musk's internet popularity and BAC's stock price has been established, and it's not just a fluke; it's a quantifiable phenomenon. This study may just have cracked the code to predicting stock movements with a novel variable – Papa Elon's internet presence!



Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Elon Musk Google Searches and BAC Stock Prices: A Rhyming Romp in Market Trends. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Finance and Folly


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Elon Musk Google Searches and BAC Stock Prices: A Rhyming Romp in Market Trends. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Quirky Market Research and Financial Analysis


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Elon Musk Google Searches and BAC Stock Prices: A Rhyming Romp in Market Trends with an abstract of In this study, we explore the relationship between the frequency of Google searches for "Elon Musk" and the fluctuations in Bank of America's stock price (BAC). We aimed to shed light on the seemingly interwoven dynamics of internet search trends and financial markets. Utilizing data from Google Trends and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we conducted a rigorous analysis spanning from 2010 to 2023. Our findings revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9337398 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. It appears that the public's fascination with the SpaceX and Tesla mogul has a notable impact on the banking behemoth's stock performance. It seems that, much like a good dad joke, the connection between online interest in Elon Musk and stock prices is both intriguing and surprising.
Stay tuned for our full report, complete with more puns and even a few witty footnotes!

ChatGPT:

Elon Musk, Google searches, BAC stock prices, search trend analysis, internet search trends, financial markets, correlation analysis, Google Trends data, LSEG Analytics, Refinitiv, public interest impact on stock performance, market trend analysis, search frequency impact, market dynamics, Elon Musk's influence on stock prices.

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

Google searches for 'elon musk'
Detailed data title: Relative volume of Google searches for 'elon musk' (Worldwide, without quotes)
Source: Google Trends
Additional Info: Relative search volume (not absolute numbers)

See what else correlates with Google searches for 'elon musk'

Bank of America's stock price (BAC)
Detailed data title: Opening price of Bank of America (BAC) on the first trading day of the year
Source: LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv)
Additional Info: Via Microsoft Excel Stockhistory function

See what else correlates with Bank of America's stock price (BAC)

Correlation r = 0.9337398 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.8718701 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 87.2% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Bank of America's stock price (BAC)) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Google searches for 'elon musk') over the 14 years from 2010 through 2023.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 1.06E-6. 0.0000010581045278742478000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.93 in 0.000106% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 945,086 random variables You don't actually need 945 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 13 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 13 because we have two variables measured over a period of 14 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.8, 0.98 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Google searches for 'elon musk' (Rel. search volume)1011.7523.833334.66667815.7510.333322.333331.833342.916727
Bank of America's stock price (BAC) (Stock price)15.2413.855.7512.0515.6917.9916.4522.629.7524.0835.3530.4645.0933.23




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([1,0,1,1.75,2,3.83333,4.66667,8,15.75,10.3333,22.3333,31.8333,42.9167,27,])
array_2 = np.array([15.24,13.85,5.75,12.05,15.69,17.99,16.45,22.6,29.75,24.08,35.35,30.46,45.09,33.23,])
array_1_name = "Google searches for 'elon musk'"
array_2_name = "Bank of America's stock price (BAC)"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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Correlation ID: 4111 · Black Variable ID: 1502 · Red Variable ID: 1570
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