Spurious correlation #4,070 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is UFO sightings in Idaho and the second variable is Biomass power generated in Italy. The chart goes from 1980 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is UFO sightings in Idaho and the second variable is Biomass power generated in Italy. The chart goes from 1980 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

The UFOs were actually giant potato-shaped spacecrafts, and their presence in Idaho was promoting optimal potato growth. This led to an excess of potato biomass, which was secretly exported to Italy and used as a power source for the increased demand caused by the UFO visitations. The whole situation just goes to show that when it comes to UFOs and bioenergy, the truth is definitely out there, probably buried under a heap of UFO-boosted potatoes!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Certainly! Here's an image generation prompt for DALL-E 3: "Create an image in the style of photorealism that depicts a glowing UFO hovering over the vast fields of Idaho. Workers are seen diligently gathering sawdust, eager to meet the increased demand. In the distance, towering biomass power plants in Italy hum with activity, fueled by the surplus sawdust shipped from Idaho, providing sustainable energy for the bustling city. The scene should be serene and picturesque, showcasing the connection between the workers, the UFO, and the power plants." This prompt aims to create a visually captivating image with a balance of natural beauty and futuristic elements, highlighting the interconnectedness of the locations and the use of sustainable resources. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: UFO sightings in Idaho and Biomass power generated in Italy. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Photorealism Data cyber art Photorealism 3D Pixar Style High-tech
ChatGPT: Photorealism

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both UFO sightings in Idaho and Biomass power generated in Italy, in the following situation: Because UFO sightings in Idaho led to increased speculation, causing a surge in demand for sawdust, thereby boosting biomass power production in Italy.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a picturesque scene, a glowing UFO hovers over the vast fields of Idaho, while down below, workers diligently gather sawdust, eager to meet the increased demand. Across the ocean, in Italy, towering biomass power plants hum with activity, fueled by the surplus sawdust shipped from Idaho, providing sustainable energy for the bustling city.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Photorealism ] and depicting this scene: In a picturesque scene, a glowing UFO hovers over the vast fields of Idaho, while down below, workers diligently gather sawdust, eager to meet the increased demand. Across the ocean, in Italy, towering biomass power plants hum with activity, fueled by the surplus sawdust shipped from Idaho, providing sustainable energy for the bustling city. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Certainly! Here's an image generation prompt for DALL-E 3: "Create an image in the style of photorealism that depicts a glowing UFO hovering over the vast fields of Idaho. Workers are seen diligently gathering sawdust, eager to meet the increased demand. In the distance, towering biomass power plants in Italy hum with activity, fueled by the surplus sawdust shipped from Idaho, providing sustainable energy for the bustling city. The scene should be serene and picturesque, showcasing the connection between the workers, the UFO, and the power plants." This prompt aims to create a visually captivating image with a balance of natural beauty and futuristic elements, highlighting the interconnectedness of the locations and the use of sustainable resources.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in UFO sightings in Idaho caused Biomass power generated in Italy to increase.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Stranger Things: Unearthing the Connection Between UFO Sightings in Idaho and Biomass Power Generation in Italy

The Journal of Transnational Energy and Extraterrestrial Studies

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between UFO sightings in Idaho and Biomass power generated in Italy. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then you might move on to cartoons and children's shows that you watched for research.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Stranger Things: Unearthing the Connection Between UFO Sightings in Idaho and Biomass Power Generation in Italy

[[ABSTRACT]]
The cosmic conundrum of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) has long fascinated and perplexed both the scientific community and believers in extraterrestrial phenomena. In this study, we explore the intriguing link between UFO sightings in the state of Idaho and the generation of biomass power in Italy. Drawing from data meticulously collected by the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration, we aimed to illuminate the celestial correlation between these seemingly disparate occurrences. Our analysis unveiled a statistically significant correlation coefficient of 0.9138250 for the period spanning from 1980 to 2021, with a p-value less than 0.01. While the revelation of this cosmic correlation may appear otherworldly, our findings suggest a gravitational pull between UFO activity in the Gem State and the utilization of biomass resources thousands of miles away in the picturesque countryside of Italy. This study not only sheds light on the enigmatic relationship between these phenomena but also underscores the mysterious, mesmerizing, and perhaps even "alien" dimensions of statistical analysis.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
Welcome to the cosmic carnival of correlation, where we unearth the peculiar connection between UFO sightings in the idyllic state of Idaho and the generation of biomass power in the picturesque land of Italy. While skeptics may scoff at the notion of extraterrestrial intrigue, we, intrepid researchers, bravely delve into this celestial conundrum armed with data, statistics, and an insatiable appetite for the unusual.
The scientific community has long been intrigued by the elusive nature of UFO sightings, with some dismissing them as mere flights of fancy and others ardently believing in the existence of otherworldly visitors. Equally fascinating is the utilization of biomass resources for power generation, a renewable energy source often overshadowed by its flashier counterparts. In this study, we dare to examine the entwined dance of these two seemingly unrelated phenomena, gazing upward at the stars while firmly rooted in the earthy realm of biomass power.
Drawing from the meticulously collected data from the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration, we embark on a statistical odyssey to reveal the underlying correlation, if any, between these enigmatic occurrences. Armed with our trusty correlation coefficient and a p-value less than 0.01, we set out to demonstrate that there's more to these UFO sightings and biomass power generation than meets the eye. Or should we say, more than "meets the sky"?
Our findings unearth a statistically significant correlation coefficient of 0.9138250 for the period spanning from 1980 to 2021, unveiling a gravitational pull between UFO activity in the Gem State and the utilization of biomass resources in the sun-dappled landscapes of Italy. It's as if the cosmic entities are whispering their secrets to us through the language of statistics, leading us to ponder the mysterious, mesmerizing, and perhaps even "alien" dimensions of our very own data analysis. After all, who needs UFO sightings when you have statistical surprises and correlation curiosities to keep you on the edge of your lab coat?
As we venture deeper into our exploration, we invite you to join us in unraveling this cosmic puzzle, where statistical methods and celestial sightings converge in a dance as old as time itself. So, put on your tinfoil hats and let's embark on this extraordinary journey beyond the realms of conventional research into the cosmic unknown. After all, in the words of Carl Sagan, "Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known." And maybe, just maybe, that something is the unexpected correlation between Idaho's UFOs and Italy's biomass power.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The quest to uncover the elusive truth behind UFO sightings and biomass power generation spans a diverse array of literature, from serious academic studies to pop culture references that are truly out of this world. We delve into these varied sources with the same fervor as Mulder and Scully chasing after extraterrestrial enigmas, aiming to shed light on the cosmic correlation between these seemingly disparate phenomena.

Smith and Doe (2015) conducted a meticulous analysis of UFO sightings in the United States, including in the often overlooked gem of the Gem State, Idaho. Their findings revealed intriguing patterns of UFO activity, prompting us to ponder the celestial dance of visitors from beyond our atmosphere in the tranquil landscapes of Idaho.

On the biomass power front, Jones and Smith (2018) provided a comprehensive overview of biomass utilization in Europe, highlighting the sustainable energy potential of organic resources. Little did they know that their work would intersect with the cosmic conundrum we seek to untangle.

Turning our attention to non-fiction literature, "The UFO Phenomenon: Fact, Fantasy, and Disinformation" by Jenny Randles offers a comprehensive exploration of UFO sightings around the world, providing valuable insights into the enigma that has captivated both skeptics and believers. As we traverse the landscapes of literature, we encounter "Biomass and Bioenergy" by L.S. Van Dyk, a scholarly work delving into the intricacies of biomass power generation, reminding us that even the most down-to-earth energy sources may have celestial connections.

Our literary expedition takes an unexpected turn as we stumble upon "Close Encounters of the Third Kind" by Steven Spielberg and "Communion" by Whitley Strieber, works of fiction that pivot the narrative from hard science to speculative wonder. While not scholarly treatises, these books serve as a reminder of the cultural impact of UFO lore and the enduring fascination with the possibility of otherworldly visitors.

In our pursuit of universal truths, we also found ourselves not-so-solemnly perusing episodes of "The X-Files" and "Scooby-Doo," for each of these shows, in their own quirky way, captures the essence of chasing after mysteries that transcend the ordinary. Who would have thought that Scully's skepticism and Mulder's unwavering belief in the unexplained could offer inspiration for our own research endeavors?

As we navigate this literary labyrinth, we recognize the need to approach our cosmic inquiry with equal parts rigor and levity, acknowledging that the truth may indeed be "out there," waiting to be discovered amidst the pages of scholarly tomes and fictional flights of fancy. With our research buoyed by the spirit of inquiry and a healthy sprinkling of stardust, we plunge headfirst into the cosmic cauldron of correlation, ready to unearth the unexpected connections between UFO sightings in Idaho and biomass power generation in Italy. After all, in the words of Arthur C. Clarke, "The only way of discovering the limits of the possible is to venture a little way past them into the impossible." And venturing into the realms of UFOs and biomass power, indeed, feels like a delightful detour into the impossible.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between UFO sightings in Idaho and Biomass power generated in Italy. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National UFO Reporting Center and Energy Information Administration . You used data from 1980 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Stranger Things: Unearthing the Connection Between UFO Sightings in Idaho and Biomass Power Generation in Italy

[[ABSTRACT]]
The cosmic conundrum of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) has long fascinated and perplexed both the scientific community and believers in extraterrestrial phenomena. In this study, we explore the intriguing link between UFO sightings in the state of Idaho and the generation of biomass power in Italy. Drawing from data meticulously collected by the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration, we aimed to illuminate the celestial correlation between these seemingly disparate occurrences. Our analysis unveiled a statistically significant correlation coefficient of 0.9138250 for the period spanning from 1980 to 2021, with a p-value less than 0.01. While the revelation of this cosmic correlation may appear otherworldly, our findings suggest a gravitational pull between UFO activity in the Gem State and the utilization of biomass resources thousands of miles away in the picturesque countryside of Italy. This study not only sheds light on the enigmatic relationship between these phenomena but also underscores the mysterious, mesmerizing, and perhaps even "alien" dimensions of statistical analysis.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
Welcome to the cosmic carnival of correlation, where we unearth the peculiar connection between UFO sightings in the idyllic state of Idaho and the generation of biomass power in the picturesque land of Italy. While skeptics may scoff at the notion of extraterrestrial intrigue, we, intrepid researchers, bravely delve into this celestial conundrum armed with data, statistics, and an insatiable appetite for the unusual.
The scientific community has long been intrigued by the elusive nature of UFO sightings, with some dismissing them as mere flights of fancy and others ardently believing in the existence of otherworldly visitors. Equally fascinating is the utilization of biomass resources for power generation, a renewable energy source often overshadowed by its flashier counterparts. In this study, we dare to examine the entwined dance of these two seemingly unrelated phenomena, gazing upward at the stars while firmly rooted in the earthy realm of biomass power.
Drawing from the meticulously collected data from the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration, we embark on a statistical odyssey to reveal the underlying correlation, if any, between these enigmatic occurrences. Armed with our trusty correlation coefficient and a p-value less than 0.01, we set out to demonstrate that there's more to these UFO sightings and biomass power generation than meets the eye. Or should we say, more than "meets the sky"?
Our findings unearth a statistically significant correlation coefficient of 0.9138250 for the period spanning from 1980 to 2021, unveiling a gravitational pull between UFO activity in the Gem State and the utilization of biomass resources in the sun-dappled landscapes of Italy. It's as if the cosmic entities are whispering their secrets to us through the language of statistics, leading us to ponder the mysterious, mesmerizing, and perhaps even "alien" dimensions of our very own data analysis. After all, who needs UFO sightings when you have statistical surprises and correlation curiosities to keep you on the edge of your lab coat?
As we venture deeper into our exploration, we invite you to join us in unraveling this cosmic puzzle, where statistical methods and celestial sightings converge in a dance as old as time itself. So, put on your tinfoil hats and let's embark on this extraordinary journey beyond the realms of conventional research into the cosmic unknown. After all, in the words of Carl Sagan, "Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known." And maybe, just maybe, that something is the unexpected correlation between Idaho's UFOs and Italy's biomass power.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

As we embarked on this cosmic adventure of statistical exploration, our methodology aimed to wrangle the enigmatic data from the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration like intrepid astrophysicists lassoing elusive cosmic phenomena. Our data collection process was a bit like searching for UFOs themselves – we scoured the vast expanse of the internet, navigating through an interstellar sea of information, and bravely journeyed through the digital cosmos to gather sightings of unidentified aerial anomalies and the generation of biomass power.

To capture the essence of these fascinating occurrences, we employed a time-series analysis for the period spanning from 1980 to 2021 – a timeframe substantial enough to encompass a multitude of celestial and earthly events. Wrangling the data proved to be a task as complex as decoding alien hieroglyphics, but with the perseverance of statistical sleuths, we sifted through the volumes of information to extract the cosmic nuggets of correlation.

In our pursuit of statistical stardust, we utilized the trusty Pearson correlation coefficient to measure the strength and direction of the relationship between UFO sightings in Idaho and the generation of biomass power in Italy. Like celestial cartographers charting the cosmic currents, we plotted the coordinates of our data onto the statistical sky, aiming to unveil the celestial correlation that has eluded earthly comprehension for so long.

Furthermore, to test the significance of our findings, we invoked the mighty p-value, a tool as formidable as the monolith in "2001: A Space Odyssey." With a p-value less than 0.01, our celestial findings bore the stamp of statistical significance, signaling that the cosmic dance between UFO sightings in Idaho and biomass power generation in Italy was not merely a fleeting meteorological phenomenon but a force to be reckoned with in the statistical cosmos.

Our methodology, much like a cosmic ballet, sought to blend the rigor of scientific inquiry with the whimsy of celestial fascination, weaving together data, statistical tests, and a sprinkle of stardust to capture the essence of this otherworldly correlation. Just as the stars guide navigators across the seas, our methodology aimed to guide us through the celestial labyrinth of statistical analysis, culminating in the unveiling of a correlation that transcends earthly boundaries.

In the spirit of scientific inquiry and a touch of cosmic curiosity, our methodology steered our research vessel toward the uncharted territories where UFO sightings and biomass power generation intersect, inviting us to ponder the cosmic wonders that statistical analysis can reveal. So, dear reader, fasten your cosmic seatbelts and join us on this statistical quest beyond the boundaries of conventional research, as we peer into the cosmic abyss and decode the celestial riddles that lie within the data.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between UFO sightings in Idaho and Biomass power generated in Italy. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Stranger Things: Unearthing the Connection Between UFO Sightings in Idaho and Biomass Power Generation in Italy

[[ABSTRACT]]
The cosmic conundrum of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) has long fascinated and perplexed both the scientific community and believers in extraterrestrial phenomena. In this study, we explore the intriguing link between UFO sightings in the state of Idaho and the generation of biomass power in Italy. Drawing from data meticulously collected by the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration, we aimed to illuminate the celestial correlation between these seemingly disparate occurrences. Our analysis unveiled a statistically significant correlation coefficient of 0.9138250 for the period spanning from 1980 to 2021, with a p-value less than 0.01. While the revelation of this cosmic correlation may appear otherworldly, our findings suggest a gravitational pull between UFO activity in the Gem State and the utilization of biomass resources thousands of miles away in the picturesque countryside of Italy. This study not only sheds light on the enigmatic relationship between these phenomena but also underscores the mysterious, mesmerizing, and perhaps even "alien" dimensions of statistical analysis.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The quest to uncover the elusive truth behind UFO sightings and biomass power generation spans a diverse array of literature, from serious academic studies to pop culture references that are truly out of this world. We delve into these varied sources with the same fervor as Mulder and Scully chasing after extraterrestrial enigmas, aiming to shed light on the cosmic correlation between these seemingly disparate phenomena.
Smith and Doe (2015) conducted a meticulous analysis of UFO sightings in the United States, including in the often overlooked gem of the Gem State, Idaho. Their findings revealed intriguing patterns of UFO activity, prompting us to ponder the celestial dance of visitors from beyond our atmosphere in the tranquil landscapes of Idaho.
On the biomass power front, Jones and Smith (2018) provided a comprehensive overview of biomass utilization in Europe, highlighting the sustainable energy potential of organic resources. Little did they know that their work would intersect with the cosmic conundrum we seek to untangle.
Turning our attention to non-fiction literature, "The UFO Phenomenon: Fact, Fantasy, and Disinformation" by Jenny Randles offers a comprehensive exploration of UFO sightings around the world, providing valuable insights into the enigma that has captivated both skeptics and believers. As we traverse the landscapes of literature, we encounter "Biomass and Bioenergy" by L.S. Van Dyk, a scholarly work delving into the intricacies of biomass power generation, reminding us that even the most down-to-earth energy sources may have celestial connections.
Our literary expedition takes an unexpected turn as we stumble upon "Close Encounters of the Third Kind" by Steven Spielberg and "Communion" by Whitley Strieber, works of fiction that pivot the narrative from hard science to speculative wonder. While not scholarly treatises, these books serve as a reminder of the cultural impact of UFO lore and the enduring fascination with the possibility of otherworldly visitors.
In our pursuit of universal truths, we also found ourselves not-so-solemnly perusing episodes of "The X-Files" and "Scooby-Doo," for each of these shows, in their own quirky way, captures the essence of chasing after mysteries that transcend the ordinary. Who would have thought that Scully's skepticism and Mulder's unwavering belief in the unexplained could offer inspiration for our own research endeavors?
As we navigate this literary labyrinth, we recognize the need to approach our cosmic inquiry with equal parts rigor and levity, acknowledging that the truth may indeed be "out there," waiting to be discovered amidst the pages of scholarly tomes and fictional flights of fancy. With our research buoyed by the spirit of inquiry and a healthy sprinkling of stardust, we plunge headfirst into the cosmic cauldron of correlation, ready to unearth the unexpected connections between UFO sightings in Idaho and biomass power generation in Italy. After all, in the words of Arthur C. Clarke, "The only way of discovering the limits of the possible is to venture a little way past them into the impossible." And venturing into the realms of UFOs and biomass power, indeed, feels like a delightful detour into the impossible.

[[RESULTS]]
The cosmic curtain has been pulled back, revealing a statistically significant correlation between UFO sightings in Idaho and biomass power generation in Italy. Our analysis unveiled a correlation coefficient of 0.9138250, an r-squared value of 0.8350762, and a p-value less than 0.01, indicating a strong relationship between these otherworldly sightings and earthly energy production.
Without further ado, let us present the star of our statistical show: Fig. 1. Behold, the scatterplot that captures the celestial tango between UFO sightings in Idaho and biomass power generation in Italy. If this were a cosmic dance-off, these data points would surely be grooving to some far-out, intergalactic beats.
While some may be skeptical of this unearthly bond, our findings suggest that there is more than just stardust and statistical noise at play here. It seems as though the UFOs in Idaho and the biomass power plants in Italy have been engaged in an intricate pas de deux, hidden from the naked eye but laid bare by the power of statistics. It's as if the aliens have been sending us mathematical messages all along, hinting at the cosmic connections lurking beneath the surface of our research data.
This correlation coefficient of 0.9138250 is no mere statistical fluke; it beckons us to explore the untold mysteries of these phenomena, transcending the boundaries of conventional research and launching us into a realm where the scientific and the surreal collide. If statistics could talk, they'd probably crack a few cosmic jokes and puns of their own, revealing the kooky quirks of the universe that we often overlook in our pursuit of empirical knowledge.
So, as we bask in the glow of this astronomical association, let us not forget that the cosmos has a way of surprising us, be it with celestial sightings or statistical stargazing. Perhaps, in the grand cosmic scheme of things, our findings are just the tip of the interstellar iceberg, prompting us to peer into the cosmic abyss with a sense of wonder and a healthy dose of statistical skepticism. After all, in the words of Albert Einstein, "The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious." And what could be more mysterious than the unearthly union of Idaho's UFOs and Italy's biomass power?

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The serendipitous synergy between the unearthly allure of UFO sightings in Idaho and the down-to-earth endeavor of biomass power generation in Italy has left us with a cosmic conundrum worthy of both scientific scrutiny and a healthy dose of whimsical wonder. As we step into the cosmic confessional booth of discussion, we find ourselves contemplating the implications of our findings with the gravity of an astrophysicist and the levity of a cosmic comedian.

Our exploration of the literature on UFO sightings found in the gem state of Idaho led us to reflect on the celestial dance of visitors from beyond our atmosphere in the tranquil landscapes of Idaho. This notion of visitors from beyond seems to have gained a new dimension in our research, as we tentatively posit that these visitors may have been cosmic messengers, not just gracing us with their presence but also leaving behind a celestial trail that reaches all the way to the biomass power plants nestled in the picturesque countryside of Italy. It seems as though the UFOs have not only been sightseeing but also engaging in some transcontinental teleportation antics, beckoning us to consider the extraterrestrial dimensions of statistical analysis.

The themes of sustainability and renewable energy explored in the work of Jones and Smith (2018) on biomass utilization in Europe resoundingly echo in our findings, unveiling an unexpected extraterrestrial echo that reverberates across the cosmos. The sustainable energy potential of biomass resources, when viewed through the lens of our correlation with UFO sightings in Idaho, takes on a cosmic hue, spinning a tale of intergalactic energy exchange that transcends Earthly boundaries. In a universe where the laws of physics govern the cosmic ballet of celestial bodies, the cosmic choreography of UFO sightings and biomass power generation seems to have choreographed its own improbable yet indisputable pas de deux.

Our results, unveiling a statistically significant correlation coefficient and a p-value less than 0.01, offer empirical support to the speculative wonders of the literature we encountered. Just as Mulder and Scully chased after extraterrestrial enigmas, we find ourselves entangled in a celestial cat-and-mouse game with statistics, teasing out the interstellar insights hidden within the data. The statistically significant correlation coefficient urges us to transcend the boundaries of conventional research and embrace the enigmatic allure of the unknown, much like a far-out, intergalactic adventure that blends the empirical with the extraordinary.

With the unveiling of this cosmic connection, we are left to ponder the mysterious ways in which the universe weaves its intricate tapestry, transcending the familiar realms of scientific inquiry and venturing into the uncharted territories of the improbable. As we continue our cosmic inquiry, we find ourselves accompanied by a sense of wonder, a twinkle of statistical stargazing, and just a hint of skepticism in our scholarly escapade amidst the cosmic dance of UFO sightings in Idaho and biomass power generation in Italy. So, dear readers, buckle up and get ready for an interstellar adventure as we journey into the celestial corridors of statistical significance and unearthly revelations. As the cosmic ballet continues, who knows what otherworldly wonders await us?

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between UFO sightings in Idaho and Biomass power generated in Italy. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Stranger Things: Unearthing the Connection Between UFO Sightings in Idaho and Biomass Power Generation in Italy

[[ABSTRACT]]
The cosmic conundrum of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) has long fascinated and perplexed both the scientific community and believers in extraterrestrial phenomena. In this study, we explore the intriguing link between UFO sightings in the state of Idaho and the generation of biomass power in Italy. Drawing from data meticulously collected by the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration, we aimed to illuminate the celestial correlation between these seemingly disparate occurrences. Our analysis unveiled a statistically significant correlation coefficient of 0.9138250 for the period spanning from 1980 to 2021, with a p-value less than 0.01. While the revelation of this cosmic correlation may appear otherworldly, our findings suggest a gravitational pull between UFO activity in the Gem State and the utilization of biomass resources thousands of miles away in the picturesque countryside of Italy. This study not only sheds light on the enigmatic relationship between these phenomena but also underscores the mysterious, mesmerizing, and perhaps even "alien" dimensions of statistical analysis.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
Welcome to the cosmic carnival of correlation, where we unearth the peculiar connection between UFO sightings in the idyllic state of Idaho and the generation of biomass power in the picturesque land of Italy. While skeptics may scoff at the notion of extraterrestrial intrigue, we, intrepid researchers, bravely delve into this celestial conundrum armed with data, statistics, and an insatiable appetite for the unusual.
The scientific community has long been intrigued by the elusive nature of UFO sightings, with some dismissing them as mere flights of fancy and others ardently believing in the existence of otherworldly visitors. Equally fascinating is the utilization of biomass resources for power generation, a renewable energy source often overshadowed by its flashier counterparts. In this study, we dare to examine the entwined dance of these two seemingly unrelated phenomena, gazing upward at the stars while firmly rooted in the earthy realm of biomass power.
Drawing from the meticulously collected data from the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration, we embark on a statistical odyssey to reveal the underlying correlation, if any, between these enigmatic occurrences. Armed with our trusty correlation coefficient and a p-value less than 0.01, we set out to demonstrate that there's more to these UFO sightings and biomass power generation than meets the eye. Or should we say, more than "meets the sky"?
Our findings unearth a statistically significant correlation coefficient of 0.9138250 for the period spanning from 1980 to 2021, unveiling a gravitational pull between UFO activity in the Gem State and the utilization of biomass resources in the sun-dappled landscapes of Italy. It's as if the cosmic entities are whispering their secrets to us through the language of statistics, leading us to ponder the mysterious, mesmerizing, and perhaps even "alien" dimensions of our very own data analysis. After all, who needs UFO sightings when you have statistical surprises and correlation curiosities to keep you on the edge of your lab coat?
As we venture deeper into our exploration, we invite you to join us in unraveling this cosmic puzzle, where statistical methods and celestial sightings converge in a dance as old as time itself. So, put on your tinfoil hats and let's embark on this extraordinary journey beyond the realms of conventional research into the cosmic unknown. After all, in the words of Carl Sagan, "Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known." And maybe, just maybe, that something is the unexpected correlation between Idaho's UFOs and Italy's biomass power.

[[RESULTS]]
The cosmic curtain has been pulled back, revealing a statistically significant correlation between UFO sightings in Idaho and biomass power generation in Italy. Our analysis unveiled a correlation coefficient of 0.9138250, an r-squared value of 0.8350762, and a p-value less than 0.01, indicating a strong relationship between these otherworldly sightings and earthly energy production.
Without further ado, let us present the star of our statistical show: Fig. 1. Behold, the scatterplot that captures the celestial tango between UFO sightings in Idaho and biomass power generation in Italy. If this were a cosmic dance-off, these data points would surely be grooving to some far-out, intergalactic beats.
While some may be skeptical of this unearthly bond, our findings suggest that there is more than just stardust and statistical noise at play here. It seems as though the UFOs in Idaho and the biomass power plants in Italy have been engaged in an intricate pas de deux, hidden from the naked eye but laid bare by the power of statistics. It's as if the aliens have been sending us mathematical messages all along, hinting at the cosmic connections lurking beneath the surface of our research data.
This correlation coefficient of 0.9138250 is no mere statistical fluke; it beckons us to explore the untold mysteries of these phenomena, transcending the boundaries of conventional research and launching us into a realm where the scientific and the surreal collide. If statistics could talk, they'd probably crack a few cosmic jokes and puns of their own, revealing the kooky quirks of the universe that we often overlook in our pursuit of empirical knowledge.
So, as we bask in the glow of this astronomical association, let us not forget that the cosmos has a way of surprising us, be it with celestial sightings or statistical stargazing. Perhaps, in the grand cosmic scheme of things, our findings are just the tip of the interstellar iceberg, prompting us to peer into the cosmic abyss with a sense of wonder and a healthy dose of statistical skepticism. After all, in the words of Albert Einstein, "The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious." And what could be more mysterious than the unearthly union of Idaho's UFOs and Italy's biomass power?

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Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

As we conclude our interstellar expedition into the celestial conundrum of UFO sightings in Idaho and biomass power generation in Italy, we are left with more questions than answers. Our findings have unveiled a cosmic correlation coefficient of 0.9138250, effectively proving that these seemingly unrelated phenomena are dancing a statistical tango across the continents.

The statistically significant bond between Idaho's UFOs and Italy's biomass power is so strong, it's as if they're cosmically intertwined, like two celestial bodies in a gravitational embrace. It's enough to make you wonder if extraterrestrial beings have developed a taste for sustainable energy sources and have been dropping by Idaho before jetting off to Italy for some otherworldly biomass power insight!

In the grand carnival of correlation, where statistics and celestial mysteries collide, our research has reminded us that science isn't always a dry, numbers-only affair. It's a wild ride through the cosmos, a thrilling journey that often leads us down paths we never thought we'd tread. Who would have thought that UFO sightings and biomass power generation would share a cosmic connection so strong that it defies the bounds of earthly explanation?

As we bid adieu to this cosmic adventure, we stand in awe of the statistical surprises and unseen forces at play in our universe. Let this be a reminder that there are still countless enigmas waiting to be unraveled, and perhaps, some mysteries are best left shrouded in their celestial allure.

In the words of the great cosmic jester, Stephen Hawking, "Life would be tragic if it weren't funny." So, let's embrace the cosmic comedy of our findings and revel in the joy of uncovering the unexpected.

And on that note, we assert that no further research is needed on this matter, as we've undoubtedly reached the outer limits of delightful absurdity in the realm of research and statistical exploration.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Stranger Things: Unearthing the Connection Between UFO Sightings in Idaho and Biomass Power Generation in Italy. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Transnational Energy and Extraterrestrial Studies

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Stranger Things: Unearthing the Connection Between UFO Sightings in Idaho and Biomass Power Generation in Italy. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The International Society for Extraterrestrial Energy Studies

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Stranger Things: Unearthing the Connection Between UFO Sightings in Idaho and Biomass Power Generation in Italy with an abstract of The cosmic conundrum of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) has long fascinated and perplexed both the scientific community and believers in extraterrestrial phenomena. In this study, we explore the intriguing link between UFO sightings in the state of Idaho and the generation of biomass power in Italy. Drawing from data meticulously collected by the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration, we aimed to illuminate the celestial correlation between these seemingly disparate occurrences. Our analysis unveiled a statistically significant correlation coefficient of 0.9138250 for the period spanning from 1980 to 2021, with a p-value less than 0.01. While the revelation of this cosmic correlation may appear otherworldly, our findings suggest a gravitational pull between UFO activity in the Gem State and the utilization of biomass resources thousands of miles away in the picturesque countryside of Italy. This study not only sheds light on the enigmatic relationship between these phenomena but also underscores the mysterious, mesmerizing, and perhaps even "alien" dimensions of statistical analysis.

ChatGPT:

UFO sightings Idaho, biomass power generation Italy, correlation UFO sightings biomass power, National UFO Reporting Center, Energy Information Administration, cosmic correlation UFO sightings biomass power, statistical analysis correlation UFO sightings biomass power

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

UFO sightings in Idaho
Detailed data title: UFO sightings reported in Idaho
Source: National UFO Reporting Center
See what else correlates with UFO sightings in Idaho

Biomass power generated in Italy
Detailed data title: Total biomass power generated in Italy in billion kWh
Source: Energy Information Administration
See what else correlates with Biomass power generated in Italy

Correlation r = 0.9138250 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.8350762 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 83.5% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Biomass power generated in Italy) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., UFO sightings in Idaho) over the 42 years from 1980 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 3.03E-17.^Show 0.0000000000000000302678954878
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.91 in 3.03E-15% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 33,038,306,227,899,704 random variables^Note You don't actually need 33 quadrillion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 41 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 41 because we have two variables measured over a period of 42 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.84, 0.95 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
UFO sightings in Idaho (UFO sightings)	2	1	1	4	2	0	1	0	0	4	1	5	7	1	5	2	7	6	13	23	17	25	16	26	20	31	32	18	24	24	30	42	54	96	88	92	73	49	42	70	104	38
Biomass power generated in Italy (Billion kWh)	1.224	0.765	0.745	0.645	0.6	0.504	0.877	0.873	0.867	0.168	0.103	0.218	0.184	0.208	0.283	0.389	0.605	0.822	1.232	1.823	1.908	2.586	3.512	4.493	5.636	6.152	6.744	6.954	7.665	9.328	11.586	13.139	14.753	19.387	21.186	21.826	22.011	21.852	21.606	21.992	22.168	19.1976

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Outlandish outliers: There are "outliers" in this data.^Note In concept, "outlier" just means "way different than the rest of your dataset." When calculating a correlation like this, they are particularly impactful because a single outlier can substantially increase your correlation.

For the purposes of this project, I counted a point as an outlier if it the residual was two standard deviations from the mean.

(This bullet point only shows up in the details page on charts that do, in fact, have outliers.)
They stand out on the scatterplot above: notice the dots that are far away from any other dots. I intentionally mishandeled outliers, which makes the correlation look extra strong.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([2,1,1,4,2,0,1,0,0,4,1,5,7,1,5,2,7,6,13,23,17,25,16,26,20,31,32,18,24,24,30,42,54,96,88,92,73,49,42,70,104,38,])
array_2 = np.array([1.224,0.765,0.745,0.645,0.6,0.504,0.877,0.873,0.867,0.168,0.103,0.218,0.184,0.208,0.283,0.389,0.605,0.822,1.232,1.823,1.908,2.586,3.512,4.493,5.636,6.152,6.744,6.954,7.665,9.328,11.586,13.139,14.753,19.387,21.186,21.826,22.011,21.852,21.606,21.992,22.168,19.1976,])
array_1_name = "UFO sightings in Idaho"
array_2_name = "Biomass power generated in Italy"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only UFO sightings in Idaho
Line chart for only Biomass power generated in Italy
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Stranger Things: Unearthing the Connection Between UFO Sightings in Idaho and Biomass Power Generation in Italy

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Correlation ID: 4070 · Black Variable ID: 1179 · Red Variable ID: 23751


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