Spurious correlation #3,806 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Associates degrees awarded in Education and the second variable is Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX). The chart goes from 2011 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Associates degrees awarded in Education and the second variable is Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX). The chart goes from 2011 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As the number of Associates degrees awarded in Education decreased, there was a corresponding decline in the creation of highly qualified mining song lyricists. This led to a lack of uplifting and motivational mining jingles in Freeport-McMoRan's advertising campaigns, ultimately diminishing investor confidence and causing a decrease in their stock price (FCX). Remember, a well-educated workforce is instrumental in digging up success, both in the classroom and the copper mines!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: [ Concept art ] Create an image of a dimly lit classroom, with a somber atmosphere. A stack of associates degrees in Education gathers dust on a desk, symbolizing the decreasing number of graduates. In the foreground, a teacher's desk displays a vivid, plummeting graph of Freeport-McMoRan's stock price, indicating the decline in financial guidance. The subtle contrast between the neglected degrees and the turbulent stock graph should evoke a sense of the changing landscape within the education sector. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Associates degrees awarded in Education and Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX). Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Cutsy art illustration a funny image macro Concept art Glitch art Cyber folk
ChatGPT: Concept art

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Associates degrees awarded in Education and Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX), in the following situation: As the number of Education Associates degrees awarded decreased, there was a corresponding decline in the number of individuals capable of teaching stock market savvy, causing Freeport-McMoRan's stock price to plummet due to a lack of financial guidance from educators.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a classroom, a stack of Associates degrees in Education sits untouched as fewer are awarded. The teacher's desk displays a plummeting graph of Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX), symbolizing the decline in financial guidance from educators.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Concept art ] and depicting this scene: In a classroom, a stack of Associates degrees in Education sits untouched as fewer are awarded. The teacher's desk displays a plummeting graph of Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX), symbolizing the decline in financial guidance from educators. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: [ Concept art ] Create an image of a dimly lit classroom, with a somber atmosphere. A stack of associates degrees in Education gathers dust on a desk, symbolizing the decreasing number of graduates. In the foreground, a teacher's desk displays a vivid, plummeting graph of Freeport-McMoRan's stock price, indicating the decline in financial guidance. The subtle contrast between the neglected degrees and the turbulent stock graph should evoke a sense of the changing landscape within the education sector.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how a decrease in Associates degrees awarded in Education caused Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX) to decrease.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Ore Edu-cation or Ore Speculation? Exploring the Connection Between Associate Degrees in Education and Freeport-McMoRan's Stock Price

The Journal of Comparative Investucation

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Education and Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX). Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name a couple popular internet memes that are related to one of the topics.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Ore Edu-cation or Ore Speculation? Exploring the Connection Between Associate Degrees in Education and Freeport-McMoRan's Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research paper sets out to investigate the unexpected link between the number of associates degrees awarded in the field of education and the stock price of mining giant Freeport-McMoRan (FCX). Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we calculated a strikingly high correlation coefficient of 0.8479661 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning from 2011 to 2021. Our findings may indicate that as the number of associates degrees in education increases, so does the stock price of Freeport-McMoRan. Whether this correlation harbors any causal relationship or is merely coincidental remains a mystery yet to be unravelled. Nonetheless, this unexpected convergence of educational attainment and stock market performance raises both eyebrows and questions. This paper contributes a whimsical twist to the fields of education and finance, challenging conventional expectations and encouraging further investigation into the intersections of unrelated sectors.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The intertwining of the realms of education and finance has long been a subject of interest and speculation. While education is typically associated with nurturing young minds and fostering intellectual growth, the world of finance is often seen as a cutthroat arena where numbers rule the day. However, as the saying goes, "stranger things have happened," and indeed, the unexpected connection between the number of associates degrees awarded in education and the stock price of Freeport-McMoRan (FCX) stands as a testament to the curious and often bewildering nature of data analysis.
The juxtaposition of ore education and ore speculation sparks both amusement and curiosity. One might find it reminiscent of a whimsical cosmic dance, where the unlikely partners of pickaxes and textbooks twirl in an intricate waltz, leaving researchers and analysts scratching their heads. However, before diving into the abyss of conjecture and whimsy, it is imperative to apply the scrupulous lens of statistical analysis to this enigmatic correlation.
The underlying premise of this study revolves around a peculiar correlation coefficient of 0.8479661 and p < 0.01, which, to put it mildly, has raised more than a few eyebrows among the academic and financial communities. The period under scrutiny spans from 2011 to 2021, encompassing a decade of data that defies traditional categorization. The uncanny synchronicity between the rise in associate degrees in education and the ascent of Freeport-McMoRan's stock price prompts a myriad of questions, not the least of which is whether there exists a causal link or if this correlation is simply a case of statistical hocus-pocus.
This unexpected convergence of educational attainment and stock market performance forms the crux of our investigation – an investigation that is conducted with both a raised eyebrow and a furrowed brow. While the findings presented herein may elicit a chuckle or two, they also serve as a reminder that the world of data analytics is as unpredictable as it is illuminating. In the tradition of scholarly inquiry, this study aims to inject a dash of absurdity into the realms of education and finance while also challenging established norms and prompting further exploration of seemingly unrelated avenues.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

In "Smith et al.," the authors find that the number of associates degrees awarded in the field of education has been steadily increasing over the past decade, reflecting a growing interest in pursuing careers in teaching and education. This trend is in line with the broader societal emphasis on the importance of education and the professionalization of the teaching workforce. Furthermore, "Doe and Jones" conducted a comprehensive analysis of stock price movements in the mining sector and highlighted the various factors that influence stock price volatility, including global demand for natural resources, geopolitical events, and company performance metrics.

Moving beyond the traditional confines of academic research, non-fiction works such as "The Wealth of Nations" and "The History of Economic Analysis" provide valuable insights into the intricate workings of financial markets and the underlying drivers of stock price fluctuations. In a delightful departure from the realm of non-fiction, "The Alchemist" and "Treasure Island" offer captivating narratives that center around the pursuit of precious resources and the allure of wealth – themes that resonate with the activities of mining corporations such as Freeport-McMoRan.

In the spirit of lightheartedness and pop culture relevance, popular internet memes such as "Success Kid" and "Distracted Boyfriend" humorously encapsulate the themes of unexpected success and the allure of alternative opportunities, mirroring the surprising correlation between associates degrees in education and Freeport-McMoRan's stock price. While these references may appear tangential at first glance, they serve to underscore the whimsical nature of the phenomenon under investigation and provide a refreshing perspective on the intersection of academia and financial markets.

The juxtaposition of serious academic studies with literary and cultural references serves to introduce an element of unpredictability and lightheartedness into the otherwise somber landscape of scholarly inquiry. It is with this blend of academic rigor and playful irreverence that we approach the interplay between education and stock market dynamics, inviting readers to ponder the unexpected connections that underpin our investigation.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Education and Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX). Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National Center for Education Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) .

For the time period 2011 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.8479661, r-squared of 0.7190465, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Ore Edu-cation or Ore Speculation? Exploring the Connection Between Associate Degrees in Education and Freeport-McMoRan's Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research paper sets out to investigate the unexpected link between the number of associates degrees awarded in the field of education and the stock price of mining giant Freeport-McMoRan (FCX). Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we calculated a strikingly high correlation coefficient of 0.8479661 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning from 2011 to 2021. Our findings may indicate that as the number of associates degrees in education increases, so does the stock price of Freeport-McMoRan. Whether this correlation harbors any causal relationship or is merely coincidental remains a mystery yet to be unravelled. Nonetheless, this unexpected convergence of educational attainment and stock market performance raises both eyebrows and questions. This paper contributes a whimsical twist to the fields of education and finance, challenging conventional expectations and encouraging further investigation into the intersections of unrelated sectors.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The intertwining of the realms of education and finance has long been a subject of interest and speculation. While education is typically associated with nurturing young minds and fostering intellectual growth, the world of finance is often seen as a cutthroat arena where numbers rule the day. However, as the saying goes, "stranger things have happened," and indeed, the unexpected connection between the number of associates degrees awarded in education and the stock price of Freeport-McMoRan (FCX) stands as a testament to the curious and often bewildering nature of data analysis.
The juxtaposition of ore education and ore speculation sparks both amusement and curiosity. One might find it reminiscent of a whimsical cosmic dance, where the unlikely partners of pickaxes and textbooks twirl in an intricate waltz, leaving researchers and analysts scratching their heads. However, before diving into the abyss of conjecture and whimsy, it is imperative to apply the scrupulous lens of statistical analysis to this enigmatic correlation.
The underlying premise of this study revolves around a peculiar correlation coefficient of 0.8479661 and p < 0.01, which, to put it mildly, has raised more than a few eyebrows among the academic and financial communities. The period under scrutiny spans from 2011 to 2021, encompassing a decade of data that defies traditional categorization. The uncanny synchronicity between the rise in associate degrees in education and the ascent of Freeport-McMoRan's stock price prompts a myriad of questions, not the least of which is whether there exists a causal link or if this correlation is simply a case of statistical hocus-pocus.
This unexpected convergence of educational attainment and stock market performance forms the crux of our investigation – an investigation that is conducted with both a raised eyebrow and a furrowed brow. While the findings presented herein may elicit a chuckle or two, they also serve as a reminder that the world of data analytics is as unpredictable as it is illuminating. In the tradition of scholarly inquiry, this study aims to inject a dash of absurdity into the realms of education and finance while also challenging established norms and prompting further exploration of seemingly unrelated avenues.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The analysis of the data collected from the National Center for Education Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) revealed a surprising and perplexing correlation between the number of associates degrees awarded in the field of education and Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX) over the period from 2011 to 2021. The calculated correlation coefficient of 0.8479661 and an r-squared value of 0.7190465 indicate a strong positive relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. The p-value of less than 0.01 further underscores the significance of this correlation, suggesting that it is highly unlikely to have occurred by random chance alone.

The figure (Fig. 1) depicting this remarkable correlation takes the form of a scatterplot, portraying the convergence of educational attainment and stock market performance in a visually compelling manner. The stark upward trend in the scatterplot speaks volumes about the unexpected connection between the number of associates degrees in education and the stock price of Freeport-McMoRan (FCX), leaving both researchers and onlookers bemused by the improbable relationship between these two seemingly unrelated domains.

While the term "ore education" might invoke images of a scholarly mining expedition, the correlation uncovered in this study underscores the whimsical nature of data analysis. The unexpected intertwining of education and finance in the form of a strong positive correlation challenges conventional expectations, prompting a reconsideration of the boundaries between distinct sectors. It appears that the proverbial pickaxe and the textbook may have more in common than previously imagined, with this correlation adding a touch of quirkiness to the otherwise serious arenas of education and finance.

The findings of this investigation compel us to ponder whether this correlation carries any causative implications or if it is merely an outlier in the vast landscape of statistical relationships. The remarkable synchronicity between the rise in associate degrees in education and the ascent of Freeport-McMoRan's stock price hints at a potential unexplored link between educational trends and stock market dynamics. The juxtaposition of these variables paints a curious picture, one that elicits both amusement and intrigue within the academic and financial communities.

The unexpected convergence of educational attainment and stock market performance, as evidenced by this study, invites further inquiry into the underlying mechanisms and potential implications of this correlation. Despite the lighthearted connotations that accompany the juxtaposition of "ore education" and "ore speculation," the statistical robustness of this correlation demands a measured and systematic assessment of its significance.

In summary, the results of this study reveal a robust and confounding correlation between the number of associates degrees awarded in education and Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX), urging a reevaluation of the boundaries between disciplines and provoking further exploration of the unexpected intersections within the realms of education and finance. This correlation, like a surprising plot twist in an otherwise predictable narrative, compels researchers to unravel the mysteries underlying the curious crossover of ore education and ore speculation.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Education and Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX). Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Ore Edu-cation or Ore Speculation? Exploring the Connection Between Associate Degrees in Education and Freeport-McMoRan's Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research paper sets out to investigate the unexpected link between the number of associates degrees awarded in the field of education and the stock price of mining giant Freeport-McMoRan (FCX). Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we calculated a strikingly high correlation coefficient of 0.8479661 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning from 2011 to 2021. Our findings may indicate that as the number of associates degrees in education increases, so does the stock price of Freeport-McMoRan. Whether this correlation harbors any causal relationship or is merely coincidental remains a mystery yet to be unravelled. Nonetheless, this unexpected convergence of educational attainment and stock market performance raises both eyebrows and questions. This paper contributes a whimsical twist to the fields of education and finance, challenging conventional expectations and encouraging further investigation into the intersections of unrelated sectors.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In "Smith et al.," the authors find that the number of associates degrees awarded in the field of education has been steadily increasing over the past decade, reflecting a growing interest in pursuing careers in teaching and education. This trend is in line with the broader societal emphasis on the importance of education and the professionalization of the teaching workforce. Furthermore, "Doe and Jones" conducted a comprehensive analysis of stock price movements in the mining sector and highlighted the various factors that influence stock price volatility, including global demand for natural resources, geopolitical events, and company performance metrics.
Moving beyond the traditional confines of academic research, non-fiction works such as "The Wealth of Nations" and "The History of Economic Analysis" provide valuable insights into the intricate workings of financial markets and the underlying drivers of stock price fluctuations. In a delightful departure from the realm of non-fiction, "The Alchemist" and "Treasure Island" offer captivating narratives that center around the pursuit of precious resources and the allure of wealth – themes that resonate with the activities of mining corporations such as Freeport-McMoRan.
In the spirit of lightheartedness and pop culture relevance, popular internet memes such as "Success Kid" and "Distracted Boyfriend" humorously encapsulate the themes of unexpected success and the allure of alternative opportunities, mirroring the surprising correlation between associates degrees in education and Freeport-McMoRan's stock price. While these references may appear tangential at first glance, they serve to underscore the whimsical nature of the phenomenon under investigation and provide a refreshing perspective on the intersection of academia and financial markets.
The juxtaposition of serious academic studies with literary and cultural references serves to introduce an element of unpredictability and lightheartedness into the otherwise somber landscape of scholarly inquiry. It is with this blend of academic rigor and playful irreverence that we approach the interplay between education and stock market dynamics, inviting readers to ponder the unexpected connections that underpin our investigation.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data collected from the National Center for Education Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) revealed a surprising and perplexing correlation between the number of associates degrees awarded in the field of education and Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX) over the period from 2011 to 2021. The calculated correlation coefficient of 0.8479661 and an r-squared value of 0.7190465 indicate a strong positive relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. The p-value of less than 0.01 further underscores the significance of this correlation, suggesting that it is highly unlikely to have occurred by random chance alone.
The figure (Fig. 1) depicting this remarkable correlation takes the form of a scatterplot, portraying the convergence of educational attainment and stock market performance in a visually compelling manner. The stark upward trend in the scatterplot speaks volumes about the unexpected connection between the number of associates degrees in education and the stock price of Freeport-McMoRan (FCX), leaving both researchers and onlookers bemused by the improbable relationship between these two seemingly unrelated domains.
While the term "ore education" might invoke images of a scholarly mining expedition, the correlation uncovered in this study underscores the whimsical nature of data analysis. The unexpected intertwining of education and finance in the form of a strong positive correlation challenges conventional expectations, prompting a reconsideration of the boundaries between distinct sectors. It appears that the proverbial pickaxe and the textbook may have more in common than previously imagined, with this correlation adding a touch of quirkiness to the otherwise serious arenas of education and finance.
The findings of this investigation compel us to ponder whether this correlation carries any causative implications or if it is merely an outlier in the vast landscape of statistical relationships. The remarkable synchronicity between the rise in associate degrees in education and the ascent of Freeport-McMoRan's stock price hints at a potential unexplored link between educational trends and stock market dynamics. The juxtaposition of these variables paints a curious picture, one that elicits both amusement and intrigue within the academic and financial communities.
The unexpected convergence of educational attainment and stock market performance, as evidenced by this study, invites further inquiry into the underlying mechanisms and potential implications of this correlation. Despite the lighthearted connotations that accompany the juxtaposition of "ore education" and "ore speculation," the statistical robustness of this correlation demands a measured and systematic assessment of its significance.
In summary, the results of this study reveal a robust and confounding correlation between the number of associates degrees awarded in education and Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX), urging a reevaluation of the boundaries between disciplines and provoking further exploration of the unexpected intersections within the realms of education and finance. This correlation, like a surprising plot twist in an otherwise predictable narrative, compels researchers to unravel the mysteries underlying the curious crossover of ore education and ore speculation.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The correlation between the number of associates degrees awarded in education and Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX) prompts a reconsideration of the boundaries between seemingly unrelated sectors. Much like the unexpected convergence depicted in "The Alchemist" or the whimsical pursuit of wealth in "Treasure Island," our findings challenge conventional expectations and add a touch of playfulness to the otherwise serious arenas of education and finance.

The correlation coefficient of 0.8479661, along with the p-value of less than 0.01, aligns with previous research indicating a growing interest in pursuing careers in education. This trend, observed in the steady increase in associates degrees awarded in education, reflects a broader societal emphasis on the professionalization of the teaching workforce. This connection adds a layer of complexity to our understanding of the motivations driving educational attainment and underscores the unexpected interplay between educational trends and stock market dynamics.

In line with prior work on stock price volatility, our results contribute to the existing literature by highlighting an often overlooked, yet intriguing factor influencing stock price movements. While "ore education" may initially conjure images of a scholarly mining expedition, the substantial positive relationship uncovered in this study urges a measured and systematic assessment of its implications, akin to examining the validity of a seemingly far-fetched hypothesis. The remarkable synchronicity between the rise in associate degrees in education and the ascent of Freeport-McMoRan's stock price elicits both amusement and intrigue within academic and financial communities alike.

The whimsical nature of this correlation serves as a surprise plot twist in the narrative of education and finance, inviting further inquiry into the potential underlying mechanisms and implications. Despite its unexpected connotations, the statistical robustness of this relationship demands careful consideration and opens new avenues for exploration in the intersection of unrelated sectors. Whether this correlation harbors any causal relationship or is merely coincidental remains a mystery yet to be unraveled, leaving researchers and onlookers bemused by the improbable relationship between these two seemingly unrelated domains.

In conclusion, our findings reveal a robust and confounding correlation that reinforces the need for continuous investigation of the unexpected intersections within the realms of education and finance. While the whimsical notions of "ore education" and "ore speculation" may initially appear fantastical, our study underscores the significance of this correlation and its potential to redefine conventional boundaries. The unexpected intertwining of education and finance invites future research to delve deeper into these unexplored connections, much like embarking on a whimsical quest for buried treasure.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Education and Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX). Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Ore Edu-cation or Ore Speculation? Exploring the Connection Between Associate Degrees in Education and Freeport-McMoRan's Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research paper sets out to investigate the unexpected link between the number of associates degrees awarded in the field of education and the stock price of mining giant Freeport-McMoRan (FCX). Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we calculated a strikingly high correlation coefficient of 0.8479661 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning from 2011 to 2021. Our findings may indicate that as the number of associates degrees in education increases, so does the stock price of Freeport-McMoRan. Whether this correlation harbors any causal relationship or is merely coincidental remains a mystery yet to be unravelled. Nonetheless, this unexpected convergence of educational attainment and stock market performance raises both eyebrows and questions. This paper contributes a whimsical twist to the fields of education and finance, challenging conventional expectations and encouraging further investigation into the intersections of unrelated sectors.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The intertwining of the realms of education and finance has long been a subject of interest and speculation. While education is typically associated with nurturing young minds and fostering intellectual growth, the world of finance is often seen as a cutthroat arena where numbers rule the day. However, as the saying goes, "stranger things have happened," and indeed, the unexpected connection between the number of associates degrees awarded in education and the stock price of Freeport-McMoRan (FCX) stands as a testament to the curious and often bewildering nature of data analysis.
The juxtaposition of ore education and ore speculation sparks both amusement and curiosity. One might find it reminiscent of a whimsical cosmic dance, where the unlikely partners of pickaxes and textbooks twirl in an intricate waltz, leaving researchers and analysts scratching their heads. However, before diving into the abyss of conjecture and whimsy, it is imperative to apply the scrupulous lens of statistical analysis to this enigmatic correlation.
The underlying premise of this study revolves around a peculiar correlation coefficient of 0.8479661 and p < 0.01, which, to put it mildly, has raised more than a few eyebrows among the academic and financial communities. The period under scrutiny spans from 2011 to 2021, encompassing a decade of data that defies traditional categorization. The uncanny synchronicity between the rise in associate degrees in education and the ascent of Freeport-McMoRan's stock price prompts a myriad of questions, not the least of which is whether there exists a causal link or if this correlation is simply a case of statistical hocus-pocus.
This unexpected convergence of educational attainment and stock market performance forms the crux of our investigation – an investigation that is conducted with both a raised eyebrow and a furrowed brow. While the findings presented herein may elicit a chuckle or two, they also serve as a reminder that the world of data analytics is as unpredictable as it is illuminating. In the tradition of scholarly inquiry, this study aims to inject a dash of absurdity into the realms of education and finance while also challenging established norms and prompting further exploration of seemingly unrelated avenues.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data collected from the National Center for Education Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) revealed a surprising and perplexing correlation between the number of associates degrees awarded in the field of education and Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX) over the period from 2011 to 2021. The calculated correlation coefficient of 0.8479661 and an r-squared value of 0.7190465 indicate a strong positive relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. The p-value of less than 0.01 further underscores the significance of this correlation, suggesting that it is highly unlikely to have occurred by random chance alone.
The figure (Fig. 1) depicting this remarkable correlation takes the form of a scatterplot, portraying the convergence of educational attainment and stock market performance in a visually compelling manner. The stark upward trend in the scatterplot speaks volumes about the unexpected connection between the number of associates degrees in education and the stock price of Freeport-McMoRan (FCX), leaving both researchers and onlookers bemused by the improbable relationship between these two seemingly unrelated domains.
While the term "ore education" might invoke images of a scholarly mining expedition, the correlation uncovered in this study underscores the whimsical nature of data analysis. The unexpected intertwining of education and finance in the form of a strong positive correlation challenges conventional expectations, prompting a reconsideration of the boundaries between distinct sectors. It appears that the proverbial pickaxe and the textbook may have more in common than previously imagined, with this correlation adding a touch of quirkiness to the otherwise serious arenas of education and finance.
The findings of this investigation compel us to ponder whether this correlation carries any causative implications or if it is merely an outlier in the vast landscape of statistical relationships. The remarkable synchronicity between the rise in associate degrees in education and the ascent of Freeport-McMoRan's stock price hints at a potential unexplored link between educational trends and stock market dynamics. The juxtaposition of these variables paints a curious picture, one that elicits both amusement and intrigue within the academic and financial communities.
The unexpected convergence of educational attainment and stock market performance, as evidenced by this study, invites further inquiry into the underlying mechanisms and potential implications of this correlation. Despite the lighthearted connotations that accompany the juxtaposition of "ore education" and "ore speculation," the statistical robustness of this correlation demands a measured and systematic assessment of its significance.
In summary, the results of this study reveal a robust and confounding correlation between the number of associates degrees awarded in education and Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX), urging a reevaluation of the boundaries between disciplines and provoking further exploration of the unexpected intersections within the realms of education and finance. This correlation, like a surprising plot twist in an otherwise predictable narrative, compels researchers to unravel the mysteries underlying the curious crossover of ore education and ore speculation.

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Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]
In conclusion, the findings of this study elucidate a remarkable correlation between Associates degrees awarded in Education and Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX), echoing the harmony of a perplexing symphony that intertwines scholarly pursuits and financial exploits. The substantial correlation coefficient of 0.8479661 and a p-value of less than 0.01 point to a strong positive relationship, spinning a tale as unexpected as stumbling upon a treasure chest in a classroom.

The scatterplot (Fig. 1) illustrates this uncanny camaraderie between the rise in educational attainment and the surge in Freeport-McMoRan's stock price, akin to discovering a golden nugget amidst a pile of textbooks. The whimsical dance of "ore education" and "ore speculation" challenges the staid traditions of data analysis and beckons forth a chuckle from the unlikeliest of tandems, leaving researchers and analysts raising their eyebrows higher than the latest stock prices.

The peculiar intersection of these seemingly unrelated domains invites a reconsideration of the boundaries between education and finance, much like stumbling upon a venn diagram where the circles of academia and stocks unexpectedly overlap. One cannot help but ponder if an eager miner with a degree in education might just strike academic gold in the stock market.

Alas, the implications of this correlation remain shrouded in mystery, much like the elusive yeti of statistical relationships. While it may be tempting to succumb to the allure of wild speculation, further research is needed to untangle the web of causation and coincidence that enshrouds this unexpected correlation. However, let us not forget to rejoice in this delightful oddity that injects a bit of absurdity into the otherwise sober worlds of education and finance.

In the spirit of scholarly whimsy, we declare that no more research is needed in this area - the unexpected intersection of "ore education" and "ore speculation" is a gift that keeps on giving, deserving a place in the hallowed halls of unanticipated correlations. One cannot help but wonder what other curious duets await discovery in the grand symphony of data analysis.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Ore Edu-cation or Ore Speculation? Exploring the Connection Between Associate Degrees in Education and Freeport-McMoRan's Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Comparative Investucation

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Ore Edu-cation or Ore Speculation? Exploring the Connection Between Associate Degrees in Education and Freeport-McMoRan's Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Interdisciplinary Studies in Education and Mineral Economics

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Ore Edu-cation or Ore Speculation? Exploring the Connection Between Associate Degrees in Education and Freeport-McMoRan's Stock Price with an abstract of This research paper sets out to investigate the unexpected link between the number of associates degrees awarded in the field of education and the stock price of mining giant Freeport-McMoRan (FCX). Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we calculated a strikingly high correlation coefficient of 0.8479661 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning from 2011 to 2021. Our findings may indicate that as the number of associates degrees in education increases, so does the stock price of Freeport-McMoRan. Whether this correlation harbors any causal relationship or is merely coincidental remains a mystery yet to be unravelled. Nonetheless, this unexpected convergence of educational attainment and stock market performance raises both eyebrows and questions. This paper contributes a whimsical twist to the fields of education and finance, challenging conventional expectations and encouraging further investigation into the intersections of unrelated sectors.

ChatGPT:

associates degrees in education, Freeport-McMoRan stock price, correlation coefficient, LSEG Analytics, National Center for Education Statistics, education and stock market performance, mining industry, education and finance intersections, causal relationship, stock price analysis

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Associates degrees awarded in Education
Detailed data title: Associate's degrees conferred by postsecondary institutions with a field of study of Education
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
See what else correlates with Associates degrees awarded in Education

Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX)
Detailed data title: Opening price of Freeport-McMoRan (FCX) on the first trading day of the year
Source: LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv)
Additional Info: ^{See full details} Via Microsoft Excel Stockhistory function

See what else correlates with Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX)

Correlation r = 0.8479661 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.7190465 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 71.9% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX)) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Associates degrees awarded in Education) over the 11 years from 2011 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 0.00097.^Show 0.0009746012785307581000000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.85 in 0.097% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 1,026 random variables^Note Which I absolutely did.
with the same 10 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 10 because we have two variables measured over a period of 11 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.5, 0.96 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Associates degrees awarded in Education (Degrees awarded)	20460	20762	18744	17605	17178	17032	16603	16180	16210	16179	18144
Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX) (Stock price)	60.44	38.02	35.12	37.44	23.2	6.6	13.49	19.05	10.01	13.35	27.24

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. ^Note Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([20460,20762,18744,17605,17178,17032,16603,16180,16210,16179,18144,])
array_2 = np.array([60.44,38.02,35.12,37.44,23.2,6.6,13.49,19.05,10.01,13.35,27.24,])
array_1_name = "Associates degrees awarded in Education"
array_2_name = "Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX)"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Associates degrees awarded in Education
Line chart for only Freeport-McMoRan's stock price (FCX)
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Ore Edu-cation or Ore Speculation? Exploring the Connection Between Associate Degrees in Education and Freeport-McMoRan's Stock Price

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Correlation ID: 3806 · Black Variable ID: 1223 · Red Variable ID: 1709


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