Spurious correlation #3,790 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The distance between Uranus and Saturn and the second variable is UFO sightings in California. The chart goes from 1975 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The distance between Uranus and Saturn and the second variable is UFO sightings in California. The chart goes from 1975 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As the gap widened, Saturn started feeling a bit spacey and decided to give Uranus some much-needed breathing room. This celestial separation created a cosmically unregulated UFO lane, leading to an influx of alien tourists in California. It's like the universe said, "Uranus be getting too crowded, time for Saturn to take a rain check and let the UFOs have a blast in the Golden State!"

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image of a serene night sky over California, with the planets Uranus and Saturn nearing each other, their luminous rings intersecting in the celestial expanse. Underneath, a sleek UFO gracefully maneuvers through the star-studded heavens. Its curious extraterrestrial occupants gaze out at the captivating fashion trends on earth, their silhouettes clearly visible against the dazzling cosmic backdrop. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: The distance between Uranus and Saturn and UFO sightings in California. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Concept art a funny image macro Photorealism A Discovery magazine cover image Cybernetic art
ChatGPT: A Discovery magazine cover image

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both The distance between Uranus and Saturn and UFO sightings in California, in the following situation: As the distance between Uranus and Saturn decreased, their gravitational pull created a rip in the space-time continuum, leading to an increase in UFO sightings in California. The aliens were just trying to get a closer look at our "out-of-this-world" fashion trends!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a tranquil night sky over California, the planets Uranus and Saturn move closer together, their shimmering rings overlapping in the cosmos. Below, a silvery UFO glides through the starry expanse, drawn in by the unusual celestial event. Curious extraterrestrial visitors peer out from the spacecraft, intrigued by the captivating fashion trends below.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A Discovery magazine cover image ] and depicting this scene: In a tranquil night sky over California, the planets Uranus and Saturn move closer together, their shimmering rings overlapping in the cosmos. Below, a silvery UFO glides through the starry expanse, drawn in by the unusual celestial event. Curious extraterrestrial visitors peer out from the spacecraft, intrigued by the captivating fashion trends below. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image of a serene night sky over California, with the planets Uranus and Saturn nearing each other, their luminous rings intersecting in the celestial expanse. Underneath, a sleek UFO gracefully maneuvers through the star-studded heavens. Its curious extraterrestrial occupants gaze out at the captivating fashion trends on earth, their silhouettes clearly visible against the dazzling cosmic backdrop.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how increases in The distance between Uranus and Saturn positively influenced UFO sightings in California. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

The Correlation Between the Spacing of Saturn and Uranus and the Surprising Surge of UFO Sightings in California: A Celestial Connection

Journal of Extraterrestrial Phenomena Research

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Uranus and Saturn and UFO sightings in California. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name a few real TV shows that sound like they might be relevant to the topic that you watched as research.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Correlation Between the Spacing of Saturn and Uranus and the Surprising Surge of UFO Sightings in California: A Celestial Connection

[[ABSTRACT]]
As we all know, space is a vast, mysterious place, but could there be a cosmic correlation between the celestial positioning of Saturn and Uranus and the unusual uptick in UFO sightings in California? In this study, we delved into this outer-worldly connection with a blend of astrophysics and a sprinkle of humor. Utilizing data from the National UFO Reporting Center and calculated distances from Astropy, we set out to answer this burning question once and for all.

Our research uncovered a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9022703 and p < 0.01, revealing a compelling link between the distance between Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in the Golden State. This finding left us starry-eyed, as we couldn't help but marvel at the thought of cosmic neighbors getting together for a little unidentified fun, perhaps even hosting a space-themed potluck.

So, the next time you gaze into the night sky, just remember, those mysterious lights might not be just a figment of your imagination. They could be celestial visitors dropping by from the outer reaches of our solar system, making us Earthlings the ultimate hosts of the universe's most enigmatic party.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
When it comes to studying celestial bodies and their potential influence on Earthly events, it's essential to maintain a balanced perspective, much like a well-orchestrated cosmic ballet. As we aim to shed light on the correlation between the positioning of Saturn and Uranus, the seventh and third largest planets in our solar system, and the surge of UFO sightings in the vibrant state of California, we must not overlook the opportunity for a pun or two. After all, who can resist the pull of combining out-of-this-world phenomena with some good old-fashioned dad humor?
Speaking of which, did you hear about the aliens who landed near a farm? They claimed to only be interested in crop circles because they were "corny" individuals. Now, let's not allow the study's findings to "fly under the radar" like a stealthy spacecraft; our research has unveiled an unexpectedly compelling relationship between these distant planets and the frequency of UFO encounters in the land of surf, sun, and stargazing.
Our investigation harnessed the power of comprehensive statistical analyses and a touch of intergalactic intrigue. Armed with data from the National UFO Reporting Center and utilizing precise astronomical calculations courtesy of Astropy, we embarked on a mission to uncover the cosmic conversation between Uranus and Saturn and their impact on the appearance of unidentified flying objects in California's expansive skies.
Now, let's not "planet" possible UFO encounters without considering the broader astronomical context – after all, we wouldn't want to misinterpret a shooting star for an extraterrestrial joyride. Our celestial sleuthing revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9022703, a figure that caught our attention faster than a shooting star streaking through the night sky. It's almost as if these planetary giants have a cosmic message for us, one that leaves us wondering if they're offering a "Saturn-Uranus support group for extraterrestrial tourists."
As we unravel the mystery behind this otherworldly association, it's natural to marvel at the possibility of cosmic neighbors engaging in a sort of celestial rendezvous, as if they're hosting a grand space soirée just beyond our atmosphere. Perhaps they're even swapping stories about their own "out of this world" experiences, with Uranus dishing out puns and Saturn showing off its famous rings for that perfect photo-op.
So, as we delve into the intertwining realms of celestial mechanics and inexplicable sightings, let us not forget the invaluable lessons hidden within the stars – that sometimes, the most thought-provoking tales are found where the ordinary meets the extraordinary. After all, what's a little cosmic mystery without a sprinkle of cosmic humor?

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The connection between planetary positioning and UFO sightings has been a topic of both intrigue and skepticism in the realm of astronomical research. Smith (2015) delves into the potential influence of celestial bodies on Earthly events, igniting a cosmic curiosity that has persisted for centuries. Meanwhile, Doe (2018) presents a comprehensive analysis of UFO sightings in California, shedding light on the peculiar patterns that have captivated astrophysicists and conspiracy theorists alike. Jones (2020) contributes valuable insight into the mysterious allure of outer space and the enigmatic phenomena that continue to dazzle and perplex us.

Turning our gaze from scholarly works to more popular literature, "UFOs: Myths, Conspiracies, and the Unexplained" by Brookes (2019) offers a compelling exploration of extraterrestrial encounters and the enduring allure of unidentified flying objects. This book serves as a reminder that even within the realm of the mysterious, there's always room for a healthy dose of skepticism and a touch of cosmic humor.

On the more fictional side, "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" by Douglas Adams (1979) presents an interstellar adventure that deftly weaves together humor and the unfathomable vastness of space. While not a scholarly work, it nevertheless captures the whimsy and wonder that accompany any discussion of celestial phenomena and the unknown.

Furthermore, the TV show "The X-Files" has played a significant role in shaping popular culture's perception of UFO sightings and extraterrestrial encounters. Through its captivating storytelling and exploration of the unexplained, the show has left an indelible mark on discussions surrounding the mysteries of the cosmos.

Now, back to our research. As we examine the correlation between the spacing of Saturn and Uranus and the surge of UFO sightings in California, we can't help but acknowledge the inexplicable charm of celestial coincidences. It's almost as if the planets themselves are orchestrating a cosmic comedy, with Uranus and Saturn taking center stage as the ultimate celestial pranksters.

But let's not get too starry-eyed just yet. Our investigation demands a rigorous analysis of the evidence at hand, where conjecture must yield to the weight of empirical observation. The intersection of astrophysical data and unexplained phenomena beckons us to approach this cosmic riddle with both intellectual rigor and a healthy appreciation for the absurd.

In conclusion, as we delve deeper into the enigma of UFO sightings and their cosmic connection to the positioning of Saturn and Uranus, let's not lose sight of the fact that sometimes, the most profound discoveries emerge from the melding of the inexplicable and the whimsical. After all, as they say, when it comes to unraveling celestial mysteries, it's best to approach them with the gravity they deserve – pun intended.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Uranus and Saturn and UFO sightings in California. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Caclculated using Astropy and National UFO Reporting Center . You used data from 1975 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Correlation Between the Spacing of Saturn and Uranus and the Surprising Surge of UFO Sightings in California: A Celestial Connection

[[ABSTRACT]]
As we all know, space is a vast, mysterious place, but could there be a cosmic correlation between the celestial positioning of Saturn and Uranus and the unusual uptick in UFO sightings in California? In this study, we delved into this outer-worldly connection with a blend of astrophysics and a sprinkle of humor. Utilizing data from the National UFO Reporting Center and calculated distances from Astropy, we set out to answer this burning question once and for all.

Our research uncovered a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9022703 and p < 0.01, revealing a compelling link between the distance between Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in the Golden State. This finding left us starry-eyed, as we couldn't help but marvel at the thought of cosmic neighbors getting together for a little unidentified fun, perhaps even hosting a space-themed potluck.

So, the next time you gaze into the night sky, just remember, those mysterious lights might not be just a figment of your imagination. They could be celestial visitors dropping by from the outer reaches of our solar system, making us Earthlings the ultimate hosts of the universe's most enigmatic party.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
When it comes to studying celestial bodies and their potential influence on Earthly events, it's essential to maintain a balanced perspective, much like a well-orchestrated cosmic ballet. As we aim to shed light on the correlation between the positioning of Saturn and Uranus, the seventh and third largest planets in our solar system, and the surge of UFO sightings in the vibrant state of California, we must not overlook the opportunity for a pun or two. After all, who can resist the pull of combining out-of-this-world phenomena with some good old-fashioned dad humor?
Speaking of which, did you hear about the aliens who landed near a farm? They claimed to only be interested in crop circles because they were "corny" individuals. Now, let's not allow the study's findings to "fly under the radar" like a stealthy spacecraft; our research has unveiled an unexpectedly compelling relationship between these distant planets and the frequency of UFO encounters in the land of surf, sun, and stargazing.
Our investigation harnessed the power of comprehensive statistical analyses and a touch of intergalactic intrigue. Armed with data from the National UFO Reporting Center and utilizing precise astronomical calculations courtesy of Astropy, we embarked on a mission to uncover the cosmic conversation between Uranus and Saturn and their impact on the appearance of unidentified flying objects in California's expansive skies.
Now, let's not "planet" possible UFO encounters without considering the broader astronomical context – after all, we wouldn't want to misinterpret a shooting star for an extraterrestrial joyride. Our celestial sleuthing revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9022703, a figure that caught our attention faster than a shooting star streaking through the night sky. It's almost as if these planetary giants have a cosmic message for us, one that leaves us wondering if they're offering a "Saturn-Uranus support group for extraterrestrial tourists."
As we unravel the mystery behind this otherworldly association, it's natural to marvel at the possibility of cosmic neighbors engaging in a sort of celestial rendezvous, as if they're hosting a grand space soirée just beyond our atmosphere. Perhaps they're even swapping stories about their own "out of this world" experiences, with Uranus dishing out puns and Saturn showing off its famous rings for that perfect photo-op.
So, as we delve into the intertwining realms of celestial mechanics and inexplicable sightings, let us not forget the invaluable lessons hidden within the stars – that sometimes, the most thought-provoking tales are found where the ordinary meets the extraordinary. After all, what's a little cosmic mystery without a sprinkle of cosmic humor?

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

In our quest to unravel the intriguing connection between the spacing of Saturn and Uranus and the surge of UFO sightings in California, we embarked on a scientific journey that blended rigorous data analysis with a hint of cosmic curiosity and a dash of interstellar humor. Our approach aimed to be as systematic as mapping out the constellations, albeit with a few more puns and a lot less stargazing.

Our team meticulously collected UFO sighting reports from the National UFO Reporting Center, focusing on California sightings recorded between 1975 and 2021. It's safe to say that we combed through these reports more thoroughly than one might scan the night sky for a passing comet. We then cross-referenced these reports with the calculated distances between Uranus and Saturn, courtesy of the trusty Astropy library, which we handled with as much care as a fragile meteorite - no cosmic calamities on our watch!

To analyze the data, we delved into the realm of statistical wizardry, employing a rigorous correlation analysis to unveil any potential associations between the celestial distances and the frequency of UFO sightings. Our statistical methods were as robust as the gravitational pull between two massive planets – no mere statistical flukes could escape our astronomical scrutiny!

Just as a supernova bursts forth with radiant energy, our statistical tests illuminated a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9022703, signaling a significant link between the movements of Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in the Golden State. The probability value (p < 0.01) further bolstered our findings, leaving us more amazed than a novice astronomer observing a breathtaking lunar eclipse for the first time. This correlation was more solid than a comet hurtling through the cosmos, leaving us with an unmistakable connection that couldn't be dismissed as mere cosmic coincidence.

With our data collection, precision calculations, and rigorous statistical analysis in hand, we couldn't help but marvel at the notion of celestial beings engaging in an extraterrestrial tête-à-tête, perhaps discussing the astrological forecast or the best stargazing spots across the galaxy. It's almost as if Uranus and Saturn are coordinating their dance through space, not unlike a cosmic tango, leaving Earth as the unexpected witness to their ethereal performance.

Now if only we could lend a telescope to our planetary neighbors for their starry soirées, their unidentified flying guests might not appear as enigmatic – or perhaps their partying prowess is no match for our Earthly celebrations, leaving us as the true pioneers of the wildest cosmic shindigs.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Uranus and Saturn and UFO sightings in California. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Caclculated using Astropy and National UFO Reporting Center .

For the time period 1975 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.9022703, r-squared of 0.8140917, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Correlation Between the Spacing of Saturn and Uranus and the Surprising Surge of UFO Sightings in California: A Celestial Connection

[[ABSTRACT]]
As we all know, space is a vast, mysterious place, but could there be a cosmic correlation between the celestial positioning of Saturn and Uranus and the unusual uptick in UFO sightings in California? In this study, we delved into this outer-worldly connection with a blend of astrophysics and a sprinkle of humor. Utilizing data from the National UFO Reporting Center and calculated distances from Astropy, we set out to answer this burning question once and for all.

Our research uncovered a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9022703 and p < 0.01, revealing a compelling link between the distance between Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in the Golden State. This finding left us starry-eyed, as we couldn't help but marvel at the thought of cosmic neighbors getting together for a little unidentified fun, perhaps even hosting a space-themed potluck.

So, the next time you gaze into the night sky, just remember, those mysterious lights might not be just a figment of your imagination. They could be celestial visitors dropping by from the outer reaches of our solar system, making us Earthlings the ultimate hosts of the universe's most enigmatic party.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
When it comes to studying celestial bodies and their potential influence on Earthly events, it's essential to maintain a balanced perspective, much like a well-orchestrated cosmic ballet. As we aim to shed light on the correlation between the positioning of Saturn and Uranus, the seventh and third largest planets in our solar system, and the surge of UFO sightings in the vibrant state of California, we must not overlook the opportunity for a pun or two. After all, who can resist the pull of combining out-of-this-world phenomena with some good old-fashioned dad humor?
Speaking of which, did you hear about the aliens who landed near a farm? They claimed to only be interested in crop circles because they were "corny" individuals. Now, let's not allow the study's findings to "fly under the radar" like a stealthy spacecraft; our research has unveiled an unexpectedly compelling relationship between these distant planets and the frequency of UFO encounters in the land of surf, sun, and stargazing.
Our investigation harnessed the power of comprehensive statistical analyses and a touch of intergalactic intrigue. Armed with data from the National UFO Reporting Center and utilizing precise astronomical calculations courtesy of Astropy, we embarked on a mission to uncover the cosmic conversation between Uranus and Saturn and their impact on the appearance of unidentified flying objects in California's expansive skies.
Now, let's not "planet" possible UFO encounters without considering the broader astronomical context – after all, we wouldn't want to misinterpret a shooting star for an extraterrestrial joyride. Our celestial sleuthing revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9022703, a figure that caught our attention faster than a shooting star streaking through the night sky. It's almost as if these planetary giants have a cosmic message for us, one that leaves us wondering if they're offering a "Saturn-Uranus support group for extraterrestrial tourists."
As we unravel the mystery behind this otherworldly association, it's natural to marvel at the possibility of cosmic neighbors engaging in a sort of celestial rendezvous, as if they're hosting a grand space soirée just beyond our atmosphere. Perhaps they're even swapping stories about their own "out of this world" experiences, with Uranus dishing out puns and Saturn showing off its famous rings for that perfect photo-op.
So, as we delve into the intertwining realms of celestial mechanics and inexplicable sightings, let us not forget the invaluable lessons hidden within the stars – that sometimes, the most thought-provoking tales are found where the ordinary meets the extraordinary. After all, what's a little cosmic mystery without a sprinkle of cosmic humor?

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The compelling correlation coefficient of 0.9022703 that we uncovered brought forth an astronomical insight that delighted our research team and invited us to ponder the possibility of a cosmic block party, with Saturn and Uranus playing the role of celestial hosts. This correlation indicates a strong relationship between the positioning of these distant planets and the frequency of UFO sightings in the state of California. It's as if the planets were sending us signals from lightyears away, saying, "We're here to probe the mysteries of the universe with you!"

Our statistical analysis also yielded an impressive r-squared value of 0.8140917, underscoring the robustness of this unearthly association. It's like finding the missing piece of a cosmic puzzle, as if Saturn and Uranus were drawing a map in the stars for potential extraterrestrial tourists, guiding them to California for a bit of intergalactic sightseeing.

Now, for a UFO-related dad joke: What did the alien say to the garden? "Take me to your weeder!" It seems even extraterrestrials appreciate a good pun amidst their interstellar adventures.

Taking a closer look at the p-value, which turned out to be less than 0.01, we were confronted with the statistical significance of our findings. It's an astronomical achievement, as if our study were whispering, "The truth is out there, and it's statistically significant!"

Fig. 1 presents a scatterplot illustrating the compelling relationship between the distance of Uranus from Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in California. This relationship is clearer than the night sky on a cloudless evening, emphasizing the intriguing connection between celestial mechanics and unearthly encounters. It's almost as if Saturn and Uranus are serving as celestial beacons for UFO enthusiasts, signaling the best dates for stargazing and unconventional visitors.

In summary, our findings suggest a cosmic dance between these distant planets and the sensational surge of UFO sightings in California. The interplay between space and the unexplained phenomena on Earth may be closer than we think, reminding us that the universe always has a few tricks up its sleeve. And hey, who knows? Maybe one of those tricks is an alien race with a penchant for cosmic amateur comedy hours.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Uranus and Saturn and UFO sightings in California. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
The Correlation Between the Spacing of Saturn and Uranus and the Surprising Surge of UFO Sightings in California: A Celestial Connection

[[ABSTRACT]]
As we all know, space is a vast, mysterious place, but could there be a cosmic correlation between the celestial positioning of Saturn and Uranus and the unusual uptick in UFO sightings in California? In this study, we delved into this outer-worldly connection with a blend of astrophysics and a sprinkle of humor. Utilizing data from the National UFO Reporting Center and calculated distances from Astropy, we set out to answer this burning question once and for all.

Our research uncovered a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9022703 and p < 0.01, revealing a compelling link between the distance between Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in the Golden State. This finding left us starry-eyed, as we couldn't help but marvel at the thought of cosmic neighbors getting together for a little unidentified fun, perhaps even hosting a space-themed potluck.

So, the next time you gaze into the night sky, just remember, those mysterious lights might not be just a figment of your imagination. They could be celestial visitors dropping by from the outer reaches of our solar system, making us Earthlings the ultimate hosts of the universe's most enigmatic party.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The connection between planetary positioning and UFO sightings has been a topic of both intrigue and skepticism in the realm of astronomical research. Smith (2015) delves into the potential influence of celestial bodies on Earthly events, igniting a cosmic curiosity that has persisted for centuries. Meanwhile, Doe (2018) presents a comprehensive analysis of UFO sightings in California, shedding light on the peculiar patterns that have captivated astrophysicists and conspiracy theorists alike. Jones (2020) contributes valuable insight into the mysterious allure of outer space and the enigmatic phenomena that continue to dazzle and perplex us.
Turning our gaze from scholarly works to more popular literature, "UFOs: Myths, Conspiracies, and the Unexplained" by Brookes (2019) offers a compelling exploration of extraterrestrial encounters and the enduring allure of unidentified flying objects. This book serves as a reminder that even within the realm of the mysterious, there's always room for a healthy dose of skepticism and a touch of cosmic humor.
On the more fictional side, "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" by Douglas Adams (1979) presents an interstellar adventure that deftly weaves together humor and the unfathomable vastness of space. While not a scholarly work, it nevertheless captures the whimsy and wonder that accompany any discussion of celestial phenomena and the unknown.
Furthermore, the TV show "The X-Files" has played a significant role in shaping popular culture's perception of UFO sightings and extraterrestrial encounters. Through its captivating storytelling and exploration of the unexplained, the show has left an indelible mark on discussions surrounding the mysteries of the cosmos.
Now, back to our research. As we examine the correlation between the spacing of Saturn and Uranus and the surge of UFO sightings in California, we can't help but acknowledge the inexplicable charm of celestial coincidences. It's almost as if the planets themselves are orchestrating a cosmic comedy, with Uranus and Saturn taking center stage as the ultimate celestial pranksters.
But let's not get too starry-eyed just yet. Our investigation demands a rigorous analysis of the evidence at hand, where conjecture must yield to the weight of empirical observation. The intersection of astrophysical data and unexplained phenomena beckons us to approach this cosmic riddle with both intellectual rigor and a healthy appreciation for the absurd.
In conclusion, as we delve deeper into the enigma of UFO sightings and their cosmic connection to the positioning of Saturn and Uranus, let's not lose sight of the fact that sometimes, the most profound discoveries emerge from the melding of the inexplicable and the whimsical. After all, as they say, when it comes to unraveling celestial mysteries, it's best to approach them with the gravity they deserve – pun intended.

[[RESULTS]]
The compelling correlation coefficient of 0.9022703 that we uncovered brought forth an astronomical insight that delighted our research team and invited us to ponder the possibility of a cosmic block party, with Saturn and Uranus playing the role of celestial hosts. This correlation indicates a strong relationship between the positioning of these distant planets and the frequency of UFO sightings in the state of California. It's as if the planets were sending us signals from lightyears away, saying, "We're here to probe the mysteries of the universe with you!"
Our statistical analysis also yielded an impressive r-squared value of 0.8140917, underscoring the robustness of this unearthly association. It's like finding the missing piece of a cosmic puzzle, as if Saturn and Uranus were drawing a map in the stars for potential extraterrestrial tourists, guiding them to California for a bit of intergalactic sightseeing.
Now, for a UFO-related dad joke: What did the alien say to the garden? "Take me to your weeder!" It seems even extraterrestrials appreciate a good pun amidst their interstellar adventures.
Taking a closer look at the p-value, which turned out to be less than 0.01, we were confronted with the statistical significance of our findings. It's an astronomical achievement, as if our study were whispering, "The truth is out there, and it's statistically significant!"
Fig. 1 presents a scatterplot illustrating the compelling relationship between the distance of Uranus from Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in California. This relationship is clearer than the night sky on a cloudless evening, emphasizing the intriguing connection between celestial mechanics and unearthly encounters. It's almost as if Saturn and Uranus are serving as celestial beacons for UFO enthusiasts, signaling the best dates for stargazing and unconventional visitors.
In summary, our findings suggest a cosmic dance between these distant planets and the sensational surge of UFO sightings in California. The interplay between space and the unexplained phenomena on Earth may be closer than we think, reminding us that the universe always has a few tricks up its sleeve. And hey, who knows? Maybe one of those tricks is an alien race with a penchant for cosmic amateur comedy hours.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The findings of our study not only supported, but downright endorsed, the prior research that hinted at a tantalizing connection between the spatial relationship of Saturn and Uranus and the unprecedented wave of UFO sightings in California. It's as if the planets themselves were doing a cosmic conga line, beckoning extraterrestrial visitors to join them in an otherworldly shindig right here on Earth.

As we delved into the statistical analysis, we couldn't help but marvel at the strength of the correlation coefficient and the persuasive p-value, which collectively echoed the sentiment, "This is not just a cosmic coincidence; it's a celestial symphony of data." It's almost as if the statistical gods were whispering, "Behold, the statistical significance of the cosmos unfolds before your eyes."

Our results mirrored the prior literature's intricate dance with cosmic comedy, affirming that the universe is indeed a stage, and each celestial body has a part to play, or perhaps in this case, a planet to parade. It's like finding the punchline to a cosmic joke that's been echoing through the galaxies for eons, leaving us with a sense of wonderment and a lingering suspicion that Uranus and Saturn might just be intergalactic party planners.

The r-squared value further solidified the cosmic connection, practically saying, "Here's the missing piece of the cosmic puzzle, brought to you by the astronomical comedy tour featuring Uranus and Saturn." It's as if these planets were the hosts of their very own celestial late-night show, inviting extraterrestrial audiences to tune in for a bit of cosmic comedy and perhaps the occasional alien cameo.

Much like the prior literature's recognition of the inexplicable allure of the universe, our findings highlighted the whimsical interplay between celestial phenomena and Earthly sightings, which could very well be an invitation to join in the most enigmatic of extraterrestrial escapades, akin to receiving a cryptic invite to the galaxy's most exclusive party.

In essence, our research affirms the cosmic caper of Uranus and Saturn and their prospective role as celestial jokers in the grand cosmic comedy. As we continue to ponder the mysteries of the universe and the unexpected interplay of space and UFO sightings, let's not forget that even the most serious astronomical research may carry a comedic undertone, reminding us that in the cosmic theater, even the stars are known to crack a joke or two.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Uranus and Saturn and UFO sightings in California. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
The Correlation Between the Spacing of Saturn and Uranus and the Surprising Surge of UFO Sightings in California: A Celestial Connection

[[ABSTRACT]]
As we all know, space is a vast, mysterious place, but could there be a cosmic correlation between the celestial positioning of Saturn and Uranus and the unusual uptick in UFO sightings in California? In this study, we delved into this outer-worldly connection with a blend of astrophysics and a sprinkle of humor. Utilizing data from the National UFO Reporting Center and calculated distances from Astropy, we set out to answer this burning question once and for all.

Our research uncovered a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9022703 and p < 0.01, revealing a compelling link between the distance between Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in the Golden State. This finding left us starry-eyed, as we couldn't help but marvel at the thought of cosmic neighbors getting together for a little unidentified fun, perhaps even hosting a space-themed potluck.

So, the next time you gaze into the night sky, just remember, those mysterious lights might not be just a figment of your imagination. They could be celestial visitors dropping by from the outer reaches of our solar system, making us Earthlings the ultimate hosts of the universe's most enigmatic party.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
When it comes to studying celestial bodies and their potential influence on Earthly events, it's essential to maintain a balanced perspective, much like a well-orchestrated cosmic ballet. As we aim to shed light on the correlation between the positioning of Saturn and Uranus, the seventh and third largest planets in our solar system, and the surge of UFO sightings in the vibrant state of California, we must not overlook the opportunity for a pun or two. After all, who can resist the pull of combining out-of-this-world phenomena with some good old-fashioned dad humor?
Speaking of which, did you hear about the aliens who landed near a farm? They claimed to only be interested in crop circles because they were "corny" individuals. Now, let's not allow the study's findings to "fly under the radar" like a stealthy spacecraft; our research has unveiled an unexpectedly compelling relationship between these distant planets and the frequency of UFO encounters in the land of surf, sun, and stargazing.
Our investigation harnessed the power of comprehensive statistical analyses and a touch of intergalactic intrigue. Armed with data from the National UFO Reporting Center and utilizing precise astronomical calculations courtesy of Astropy, we embarked on a mission to uncover the cosmic conversation between Uranus and Saturn and their impact on the appearance of unidentified flying objects in California's expansive skies.
Now, let's not "planet" possible UFO encounters without considering the broader astronomical context – after all, we wouldn't want to misinterpret a shooting star for an extraterrestrial joyride. Our celestial sleuthing revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9022703, a figure that caught our attention faster than a shooting star streaking through the night sky. It's almost as if these planetary giants have a cosmic message for us, one that leaves us wondering if they're offering a "Saturn-Uranus support group for extraterrestrial tourists."
As we unravel the mystery behind this otherworldly association, it's natural to marvel at the possibility of cosmic neighbors engaging in a sort of celestial rendezvous, as if they're hosting a grand space soirée just beyond our atmosphere. Perhaps they're even swapping stories about their own "out of this world" experiences, with Uranus dishing out puns and Saturn showing off its famous rings for that perfect photo-op.
So, as we delve into the intertwining realms of celestial mechanics and inexplicable sightings, let us not forget the invaluable lessons hidden within the stars – that sometimes, the most thought-provoking tales are found where the ordinary meets the extraordinary. After all, what's a little cosmic mystery without a sprinkle of cosmic humor?

[[RESULTS]]
The compelling correlation coefficient of 0.9022703 that we uncovered brought forth an astronomical insight that delighted our research team and invited us to ponder the possibility of a cosmic block party, with Saturn and Uranus playing the role of celestial hosts. This correlation indicates a strong relationship between the positioning of these distant planets and the frequency of UFO sightings in the state of California. It's as if the planets were sending us signals from lightyears away, saying, "We're here to probe the mysteries of the universe with you!"
Our statistical analysis also yielded an impressive r-squared value of 0.8140917, underscoring the robustness of this unearthly association. It's like finding the missing piece of a cosmic puzzle, as if Saturn and Uranus were drawing a map in the stars for potential extraterrestrial tourists, guiding them to California for a bit of intergalactic sightseeing.
Now, for a UFO-related dad joke: What did the alien say to the garden? "Take me to your weeder!" It seems even extraterrestrials appreciate a good pun amidst their interstellar adventures.
Taking a closer look at the p-value, which turned out to be less than 0.01, we were confronted with the statistical significance of our findings. It's an astronomical achievement, as if our study were whispering, "The truth is out there, and it's statistically significant!"
Fig. 1 presents a scatterplot illustrating the compelling relationship between the distance of Uranus from Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in California. This relationship is clearer than the night sky on a cloudless evening, emphasizing the intriguing connection between celestial mechanics and unearthly encounters. It's almost as if Saturn and Uranus are serving as celestial beacons for UFO enthusiasts, signaling the best dates for stargazing and unconventional visitors.
In summary, our findings suggest a cosmic dance between these distant planets and the sensational surge of UFO sightings in California. The interplay between space and the unexplained phenomena on Earth may be closer than we think, reminding us that the universe always has a few tricks up its sleeve. And hey, who knows? Maybe one of those tricks is an alien race with a penchant for cosmic amateur comedy hours.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our research has revealed a cosmic connection between the positioning of Saturn and Uranus and the surge of UFO sightings in California, leaving us feeling star-struck by the celestial correlation. It's as if these distant planets are sending signals across the universe, hosting a metaphorical celestial cocktail party for our intergalactic neighbors.

Just like a good dad joke, our findings bring a mix of amusement and insight, shedding light on the interplay between celestial mechanics and inexplicable phenomena on Earth. Now, about those planetary comedians, did you hear about the comedian who told a UDP joke? You probably didn't get it. Get it? The extraterrestrial tourists might appreciate that one, or at least give us a cosmic eye-roll!

But I digress. Our statistical analysis emphasizes the robustness of this unearthly association, hinting at a thought-provoking cosmic puzzle. It's almost like these planets have been moonlighting as interstellar event planners, guiding the extraterrestrial tourists to California for an unforgettable stargazing experience.

So, with all these cosmic revelations and puns aside, it's safe to say that our research has brought us to the edge of the final frontier, unraveling the captivating relationship between the distant planets and the mysterious sightings that sparkle our nights. As for future research in this area, we confidently assert - the truth is out there, and we've found it. No further study needed – we've officially cracked open the cosmic joke book on this one!

And as for those UFOs, if they're from Uranus, we hope they at least give us a heads up before they descend. After all, manners are universal, even in the vastness of space!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited The Correlation Between the Spacing of Saturn and Uranus and the Surprising Surge of UFO Sightings in California: A Celestial Connection. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

Journal of Extraterrestrial Phenomena Research

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited The Correlation Between the Spacing of Saturn and Uranus and the Surprising Surge of UFO Sightings in California: A Celestial Connection. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Celestial Phenomena Research and Extraterrestrial Studies

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled The Correlation Between the Spacing of Saturn and Uranus and the Surprising Surge of UFO Sightings in California: A Celestial Connection with an abstract of As we all know, space is a vast, mysterious place, but could there be a cosmic correlation between the celestial positioning of Saturn and Uranus and the unusual uptick in UFO sightings in California? In this study, we delved into this outer-worldly connection with a blend of astrophysics and a sprinkle of humor. Utilizing data from the National UFO Reporting Center and calculated distances from Astropy, we set out to answer this burning question once and for all.
Our research uncovered a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9022703 and p < 0.01, revealing a compelling link between the distance between Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in the Golden State. This finding left us starry-eyed, as we couldn't help but marvel at the thought of cosmic neighbors getting together for a little unidentified fun, perhaps even hosting a space-themed potluck.
So, the next time you gaze into the night sky, just remember, those mysterious lights might not be just a figment of your imagination. They could be celestial visitors dropping by from the outer reaches of our solar system, making us Earthlings the ultimate hosts of the universe's most enigmatic party.

ChatGPT:

Saturn, Uranus, celestial positioning, UFO sightings, California, correlation coefficient, National UFO Reporting Center, Astropy, astrophysics, cosmic correlation, space, celestial visitors, solar system, outer-worldly connection

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

The distance between Uranus and Saturn
Detailed data title: The average distance between Uranus and Saturn as measured on the first day of each month
Source: Caclculated using Astropy
Additional Info: ^{See full details} I wrote a Python script using Astropy to calculate the distance between the named planets on the first day of each month for every year.

See what else correlates with The distance between Uranus and Saturn

UFO sightings in California
Detailed data title: UFO sightings reported in California
Source: National UFO Reporting Center
See what else correlates with UFO sightings in California

Correlation r = 0.9022703 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.8140917 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 81.4% of the change in the one variable (i.e., UFO sightings in California) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., The distance between Uranus and Saturn) over the 47 years from 1975 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 4.7E-18.^Show 0.0000000000000000047285000170
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.9 in 4.7E-16% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 211,483,556,393,101,312 random variables^Note You don't actually need 211 quadrillion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 46 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 46 because we have two variables measured over a period of 47 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.83, 0.94 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	1975	1976	1977	1978	1979	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
The distance between Uranus and Saturn (Planetary distance (AU))	21.8994	20.7485	19.5426	18.2985	17.0347	15.7689	14.5282	13.336	12.2208	11.2163	10.3697	9.72886	9.34309	9.25106	9.46773	9.97784	10.744	11.721	12.8579	14.1138	15.4539	16.8508	18.2714	19.6922	21.0895	22.4424	23.7228	24.9111	25.9888	26.942	27.7542	28.4186	28.9315	29.2926	29.503	29.5677	29.4929	29.2849	28.9515	28.4998	27.9362	27.2649	26.4942	25.6278	24.6697	23.6217	22.4927
UFO sightings in California (UFO sightings)	23	33	40	56	39	33	33	32	17	15	28	24	22	28	29	45	28	34	45	70	66	74	144	223	388	432	360	408	568	543	509	529	572	676	615	575	600	730	703	823	787	558	563	310	475	560	255

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([21.8994,20.7485,19.5426,18.2985,17.0347,15.7689,14.5282,13.336,12.2208,11.2163,10.3697,9.72886,9.34309,9.25106,9.46773,9.97784,10.744,11.721,12.8579,14.1138,15.4539,16.8508,18.2714,19.6922,21.0895,22.4424,23.7228,24.9111,25.9888,26.942,27.7542,28.4186,28.9315,29.2926,29.503,29.5677,29.4929,29.2849,28.9515,28.4998,27.9362,27.2649,26.4942,25.6278,24.6697,23.6217,22.4927,])
array_2 = np.array([23,33,40,56,39,33,33,32,17,15,28,24,22,28,29,45,28,34,45,70,66,74,144,223,388,432,360,408,568,543,509,529,572,676,615,575,600,730,703,823,787,558,563,310,475,560,255,])
array_1_name = "The distance between Uranus and Saturn"
array_2_name = "UFO sightings in California"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
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Line chart for only The distance between Uranus and Saturn
Line chart for only UFO sightings in California
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The spurious research paper: The Correlation Between the Spacing of Saturn and Uranus and the Surprising Surge of UFO Sightings in California: A Celestial Connection

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Correlation ID: 3790 · Black Variable ID: 1966 · Red Variable ID: 1148


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